Two-Wheeler Helmet Detection

Gaurav Singh 2061812 B Kartikeya Bhatt B

Abhishek Joshi B

Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun

Abstract
As two-wheelers become popular around the world, ensuring the safety of
passengers has become a top priority. This study investigates the use of
computer vision in detecting helmet use in two-wheeled vehicles. The proposed
method uses advanced image processing and deep learning models to identify
streams from traffic cameras in real time. The main purpose of this study is to
increase road safety by encouraging the use of helmets in two-wheeled vehicles.
Helmet protection is designed to detect situations where the driver is not
wearing a helmet, allowing timely intervention and safety management. This
method involves collecting data, prioritizing, and training a neural network
(CNN) to accurately identify the presence of the helmet.

Evaluating performance includes accuracy, precision, response rate and

acceptance rate. F1 content. In addition, real-world tests are performed on
different data sets to test the robustness of the model in different environments.

The results of this study provide a better understanding of the feasibility and
effectiveness of two computerized helmet inspections. The impact of using such
a system goes beyond research, offering practical solutions to improve road
safety and reduce the risk of head injuries in two-wheelers.
1. Introduction
With the increase in the use of two-wheeled vehicles in recent years, people
have begun to pay more attention to road safety. In addition to many safety
measures, the use of a helmet is also important in reducing head injuries in
accidents. However, helmet compatibility management presents significant
challenges that require innovative solutions. This research explores the use of
machine learning, specifically computer vision technology, to solve this
challenge by developing a two-wheeled inspection machine.

The motivation behind this study came from reports of head injuries and deaths.
Death due to failure to comply with helmet instructions. Law enforcement
processes are often resource intensive and may not be possible to handle
immediately. Machine learning, especially deep learning, has the opportunity to
streamline the helmet inspection process and provide more efficient and
effective ways to improve road safety. This research aims to create a system that
can identify two passengers without helmets by using image processing
algorithms and deep neural network training. The solution is not only
technological, but also fits the overall aim of promoting a road safety culture.

As we delve deeper into the complexities of two-wheeler helmet detection using

machine learning, its potential impact on road safety will become clear. This
research aims to continue supporting the reduction of traffic accidents through
the integration of technology into traffic safety management and improve the
overall health of two-wheeler drivers.

2. Related Work

In this research paper titled “Two-wheeler helmet protection using effective machine
learning [1]”, the authors address the issue of ensuring that drivers use helmets, which
are an important part of road safety. The challenges of helmet detection arise from
differences in helmet design, lighting conditions, and different camera angles.

This world offers the best way to detect two tires using a machine learning model
using the latest techniques. The main aim is to achieve high accuracy and instant
results, recognizing the need for speed and reliability in heavy traffic conditions.

The authors investigate various machine learning models and compare their
performance in terms of accuracy, recall, and average precision (mAP). The selection
process uses convolutional neural networks (CNN), which are powerful tools for
object detection and task classification. The study examines how well different models
perform in terms of nuances in helmet detection, including factors such as occlusion
and different helmet shapes.
Training and testing scenarios on a comprehensive database containing images of
different hats captured in the real world. The results show that the proposed model,
based on advances in machine learning, outperforms existing models. The comparison
shows the performance of the model achieving a balance of 95% precision, 97%
recall, and 96% mAP @ 0.5 threshold.

This research contributes to improving road safety by providing effective solutions to

two problems: - Tire inspection. The car's lightness and speed make it a good
candidate for immediate use and marks an important step in creating a convenient and
reliable service that supports helmet use.

3. Methodology
3.1 YOLO

The YOLO (You Only See One) model was created by Joseph Redmon, Ali
Farhadi and Santosh Divvala. It is a convolutional neural network (CNN) that
improves computational performance by processing all images simultaneously.
It is known for its speed and accuracy. YOLOv5 version builds on the success
of previous YOLO versions and introduces new features and improvements to
increase performance and flexibility. It is designed to be fast, accurate, and easy
to use, making it an excellent choice for many object searches such as
segmentation and image classification. While it can detect common objects such
as cats and dogs, it can also be trained to detect specific objects. The latest
version, YOLOv8, is a deep learning model for object detection that provides
faster and more accurate detection than the previous version, YOLOv7. Its
anchor-less equipment, multiple projections and improved keel make it a good
choice for searching for flying objects. It can solve classification, target
detection and image segmentation problems. Although all YOLO models have
advantages, they all have some limitations. For example, they are generally less
sensitive than other methods and less effective at capturing small objects. But
their speed and detection capabilities now make them useful tools in many
applications such as surveillance, electric vehicles, and robotics.

3.2 Data Acquisition

 Data collection for two-wheeler helmet detection is achieved only
through continuous monitoring and automatic use of the vehicle camera. These
car cameras are placed in many traffic situations to capture quick images of the
game on the road. This optimization ensures that the information is consistent
and available, allowing seamless use of helmet protection algorithms.
Alternatively, the dataset can be added by manually recording traffic using the
camera. In the absence of ambulance cameras, manual maps provide a valuable
resource for training and testing helmet models. This hybrid method, combined
with the data collection process and the data in the book, helps increase the
durability and flexibility of two-wheeled helmet protection according to various
factors in world traffic.

3.3 Tracking Algorithm

The tracking algorithm initialized by the Tracker expert class provides and
continuously updates IDs based on the proximity of the two wheels. This
ensures accuracy and reliability by making it easier to track overlaps between
consecutive video streams.

3.4 Two-Wheeler Detection Process

The YOLOv5 model is used to carefully process images to detect objects,
focusing on identifying both wheels and people. This rule replicates the
detection of two wheels and optimizes the bounding box to cover the entire
vehicle while capturing images for further analysis.

3.5 Cropped Two-Wheeler with Person Images

Cropped images of identified two-wheelers with individuals are systematically
stored in a dedicated directory labelled 'rider images.' Each cropped image is
systematically named to establish a unique identity, facilitating streamlined
organization and utilization for subsequent tasks, including annotation and
training dataset preparation.

3.6 Future Steps

a). Helmet Detection: Improves performance using helmet detection. This
requires improvement of existing YOLOv5 standards or integration of specific
standards for helmet testing.

b). Person Classification (Helmet and Non-Helmet): Use a special classification

model to effectively distinguish between helmeted and non-helmeted persons.
This requires more training on how to properly record data.

c). License Plate Detection: Expand the functionality of the system by

integrating license plate detection functions. This indicates the license of those
who do not comply with the use of helmets. Actions may include using a
purpose-built undergraduate certification model or creating a new model
through training.

d). Real-world thinking: Carefully handle and overcome real-world challenges,

including different backgrounds, lighting, and two different types of wheels
located in different locations.

4. Result
The result of the first phase of the two-wheeled helmet review is the actual
cultivation of two-wheeled vehicles from the video input. Thanks to careful
implementation of the YOLOv5 model and tracking algorithm, the system
detects and tracks two-wheelers with people. The improved bounding box
covers the entire car and allows the extraction of focused cropped images. These
crop images form the basis for the next phase of the project, serving as key data
for subsequent analysis, description, and educational objectives.

5. Conclusion

The general purpose of the program is to control the use of helmets by people
using two-wheeled vehicles and to check the driver's licenses of people who do
not comply with helmet protection. The system includes YOLOv5 for human
and helmet testing, along with license plate identification algorithms to ensure
safety. The program seeks to improve overall road safety and regulatory
compliance by analysing visual techniques, detecting people not wearing
helmets and collecting data as a warrant for an offence.

References

[1] YOLOv5 with TensorFlow: Object Detection Made Easy. https://reason.town/yolov5-

tensorflow

https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/08/train-your-own-yolov5-object-
detection-model

https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5

[2] "PyPi," [Online]. Available: https://pypi.org/project/labelImg/..

[3] https://towardsdatascience.com/crop-and-identify-specific-objects-in-an-image-or-video-in-the-
browser-using-machine-learning-9b68780b2bb7