Author/Date Purpose of Study Study Design and Sample Outcomes

method
Ita Darwanti Saragih,; To analyze the efficacy Systematic review and A total of 82 studies Cognitive stimulation
Santo Imanuel of the CST among meta-analysis. were identified following therapy (CST)
Tonopa,; Ice Septriani people with dementia. the database searchers, effectively improves
Saragih,;Bih-O Lee./ A systematic literature and 38 studies were cognitive function and
February 2022 search was performed removed due to alleviates depression
using the Academic duplication. The levels among people
Search Complete, remaining 44 studies with mild-to-moderate
CINAHL, EMBASE, were screened by title dementia. Integrating
MEDLINE, PubMed, and abstract, and 15 cognitive stimulation
OVID (UpToDate), and studies were deemed therapy as an
Web of Science not to meet the PICOS intervention modality for
databases from the method criteria as dementia care is
inception to October 18, follows: the study recommended.
2021. The revised population was not the However, given the
Cochrane risk of bias population of interest for limitations of the studies
tool for randomized trials this review (n = 3); the reviewed, the effects of
was used to assess the study did not implement CST on
methodological quality of cognitive stimulation neuropsychiatric
the included studies. A therapy (n = 4); the symptoms remain
meta-analysis was study did not use an inconclusive.
performed using a appropriate study
random-effects model to design for this review (n
calculate the pooled = 6). A total of 19
effects of CST. Stata studies were included in
16.0 was used for the present study, and
statistical analysis. the review team
recognizes that CST
has evolved as an
intervention modality for
people with dementia
 Author/Date Purpose of Study Study Design and Sample Outcomes
method
Spector, A,; To evaluate the Randomized controlled The evidence Cognitive stimulation
Thorgrimsen, L,; evidence for the trial investigated all therapy groups appear
Woods, B,; Royan, L,; effectiveness of interested centres (day to improve both
Davies, S,; Cognitive Stimulation This was a randomized centres and residential cognitive function and
Butterworth, M,; therapy for people with controlled trial. A single- homes) to determine quality of life for people
Orrell, M./ January dementia, including any blind, multi-centre, whether there were with dementia. However
2018 negative effects, on randomized controlled adequate numbers of in most evidence in the
cognition and other trial recruited 201 older potential participants study found
relevant outcomes, people with dementia. with dementia, by using improvements in both
where possible for One hundred and fifteen an inclusion criteria flow the primary (MMSE)
differences in its people were randomized chart. and secondary (ADAS–
implementation. within centres to the For most residential Cog and QoL–AD)
intervention group and homes ‘usual activities’ outcome measures for
86 to the control group. consisted of doing people in the cognitive
nothing. For the other stimulation therapy
centres, usual activities group. Although there is
included games such as a body of research on
bingo, music and the various
singing, arts and crafts, psychological
and activity groups. interventions for
dementia, much of it
lacks methodological
rigour and might not be
considered ‘evidence-
based’ and detection
biases, and absence of
intention-to-treat
analyses
 Author/Date Purpose of Study Study Design and Sample Outcomes
method
Elisa Aguirre,; Robert To determine whether systematic search for Ninety-four studies This review indicates for
T. Woods,; Aimee Cognitive Stimulation randomised controlled from the initial set of the first time that
Spector,; Martin Therapy (CST), trials (RCTs) evaluating references were cognitive stimulation,
Orrell/ July 5, 2012 compared to the effectiveness of identified since the RO defined according to
antipsychotic drugs, cognitive stimulation review through the agreed criteria,
affect the loss of programmes for literature search consistently improves
cognitive functioning dementia was (Spector et al., 2000). cognitive function in
conducted. A results including 15 people with dementia. It
combination of the studies have shown also indicates that it not
search terms cognitive consistently that only benefits cognition
stimulation, reality cognitive stimulation but also self reported
orientation, memory benefits cognition for well being and quality of
therapy, memory groups, people with dementia life as well as
memory support, but that it also benefits communication and
memory stimulation, self rated well being and social interaction.
global stimulation and quality of life which is Qualitative research
cognitive arguably of greater supports these findings
psychostimulation were importance than any (Spector et al., 2011).
used to search ALOIS change in cognition
(Woods et al., 2006).
Included studies came
from a variety of
settings and countries
and trials varied greatly
in factors such as length
of intervention,
methodological quality
and outcome measures.
Descriptive Narrative:

 Cognitive stimulation, defined according to agreed criteria, consistently improves cognitive function in people with dementia. It
also indicates that it not only benefits cognition but also self reported well being and quality of life as well as communication and
social interaction. Qualitative research supports these findings (Spector et al., 2011)..

 Cognitive behavioural therapy cannot treat dementia itself but it can help people to manage their symptoms and mental health
problems they have due to the condition. It can help people to feel more independent to improve cognition, and quality of life.

 The effectiveness of CST in sustaining cognitive and emotional functioning, and counteracting the progression of
behavioral/neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia was confirmed, and a long-term benefit was demonstrated. CST
is a promising option for the treatment of people with dementia in clinical practice.

PICO 1: In Geriatric patients with Dementia, how does Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), compared to anti- inflammatory drugs,
affect the loss of cognitive functioning?

OBJECTIVE: to obtain evidence and evaluate the evidence (on the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy)
 SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE
Databases included: Sciencedirect, Google scholar and PubMed

Search Strategy: MeSH terms, keywords and truncation

Filters/limits: article type, publication date, selection criteria

EXTERNAL GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATION:

 Alzheimer’s Association
- The Alzheimer's Association leads the way to end Alzheimer's and all other dementia — by accelerating global
research, driving risk reduction and early detection, and maximizing quality care and support.
- CST or Cognitive Stimulation Therapy was designed to serve as a prototypical approach for improving specific cognitive
functions by offering several activities intended to provide the general stimulation of thinking, concentration, and memory
skills in people with dementia ( Kelly et al., 2017; Woods et al., 2012 ).
- Currently, CST is the only psychosocial intervention recommended by the NICE Guidelines in the UK. Since its inception,
CST has been translated into at least eight languages and used in 24 countries, indicating its efficacy and universality.
 Dementia Society of America
- As a Voluntary Health Organization, we focus broadly on all forms of Dementia, sometimes also referred to medically as
Major Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD). This program bring much-needed education, local resources, and life enrichment
to individuals and families impacted by Dementia.
 Dementia Society of the Philippines
-The Dementia Society of the Philippines is an interdisciplinary organisation of professionals for the care of persons with
dementia and their families through Education, Research and policy development, and Advocacy