Transformer Test

1. Open circuit Test or No-Load Test

The purpose of this test is to determine the no load
loss and no-load current IN which is helpful in finding
GO and BO.

Wattmeter Readings
Wrdg = Rated core loss + Negligible copper loss
Wrdg = Rated core loss = Pc

2. Short Circuit or Impedance test

This is an economical method for determining the
following:
a. Equivalent impedance, leakage reactance and the total
resistance of the transformer as referred to the
winding in which the measuring instrument are placed.
b. Rated or full load copper loss. This is used in
calculating the efficiency of the transformer
Wattmeter Readings
Wrdg = Rated copper loss + Negligible core loss
Wrdg = Rated copper loss = PCU@F.L, Irated2 Re-p

Equivalent Resistance Equivalent Impedance

Re = (Wrdg/Ardg2) = PSC/ISC2 Ze = (Vrdg/Ardg) = ESC/ISC

Equivalent Reactance
Xe2 = Ze2 - Re2

Note:
PSC = PCU@F.L
ISC = Irated

3. Maximum Output of a transformer

POUT = VS2/ROUT

Where:
POUT = Max output of transformer
VS = No-load Transformer output voltage
ROUT = Test Resistor
Sample Problems:

1. A short circuit test was performed upon a 10 KVA, 2300/230 V

transformer with the following results: Esc = 137 Volts; Psc
= 192 Watts; Isc = 4.34 Amp. Calculate the secondary terms
transformer equivalent reactance.

2. The following data were obtained when a short circuit test

was performed upon a 100 KVA 2400/240 volt distribution
transformer; Esc = 72 volts; Isc = 41.6 Amp; Psc = 1180 Watts.
All instruments were placed on the high side and low side was
short circuited. Calculate a) equivalent resistance,
reactance and impedance b) the percent regulation at a power
factor of 0.75 lagging.

3. For the transformer of example 2, calculate the copper losses

when the load is a) 125 KVA b) 75 KVA c) 85 KW at 0.772 power
factor