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Question 1

Which of these statements about urban patterns in

Middle America is not correct?”

Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America have

equal urbanization rates.

Mexico City is both a megacity and the largest city in

Middle America.

The Caribbean only has four cities with a million or

more residents.

Central America’s urban population will double by

2050.

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Question 2

Which of the following applies to Mexico’s border

cities?

All of the above.

They have served as commercial and transit links

between Mexico and the United States.
 Tijuana, Mexicali, and Ciudad Juárez experienced
metropolitan expansion in the 1970s.

Border cities grew during World War II due to

the bracero program.

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Question 3

Mexico City:

was founded by the Spanish on land outside of the

Aztec Empire.

has remained compact and has not

experienced metropolitan expansion.

was only a small village until it became a city in the

late 20th century.

experienced growth rates as high as 6% during the

“Mexican Miracle.”

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Question 4

Which of these statements does not

apply to rural-to-urban migration in Central America
during the 20th century?
 Cities constructed large tracts of public housing to
attract and organize rural migrants.

A population boom in the mid-20th century pushed

people into cities.

Cities offered better services and improved living

conditions compared to rural locales.

Conflicts and civil wars created refugees seeking

safety in cities.

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Question 5

In Central America, maquiladoras, or

maquilas, are:

assembly plants in export-processing zones.

artisanal workshops serving tourists.

urban employment centers for recent migrants.

large produce markets on or near the central plaza.

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Question 6

The capital cities of most Caribbean nations are:

megacities.
 founded by indigenous people.

primate cities.

located away from the coast.

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Question 7

The internal design of Colonial Caribbean cities

exhibited:

social homogeneity, with higher and lower classes

living side by side.

strict divisions, where the elite lived in spacious

suburbs and the dominated classes lived in crowded
urban centers.

strict divisions, with planned urban centers for the

elite while the dominated classes lived in the
periphery.

little interest in rational land use, with urban centers

that lacked planning and building standards.

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Question 8

With respect to migration, island nations of the

Caribbean:
 have had to cope with the consequences of
emigration.

have international migration treaties that permit

back-and-forth movement to the U.S.

have been magnets for immigrants from other

countries.

have not had to cope with rural-to-urban migration

within countries.

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Question 9

During the Spanish era, the Laws of the Indies:

produced an urban landscape that can still be seen

today.

all of the above.

created grid-based cities centered on a plaza.

located important buildings near the plaza.

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Question 10

In the Griffin-Ford Model of Middle American cities, the

“zone of maturity” can be characterized as:
 colonial era industrial zones near the Central
Business District.

historic housing that is run down and used by the

lower-class.

neighborhoods designed for foreign retiree

communities.

historic housing that has been rehabilitated for the

middle-class.

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Question 11

According to the Borsdorf, Bähr, and Janoschka

Model, the presence of gates, walls, private security,
and other forms of fortification are part of the:

fragmented city structure.

disamenity zones.

Laws of the Indies.

zone of maturity.

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Question 12

A primate city is a:
 city that has a population in excess of 20 million.

city that is twice as large as the next city in that

country, and plays a key role in national systems.

city that is selected by the government to serve as a

role model for urban planning.

small city that specializes in a specific industry.

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Incorrect Question 13

Neoliberal reforms have impacted the urban landscape

of Middle America by:

all of the above.

encouraging urban residents to return to rural

villages.

deregulating markets and increasing the growth of

private businesses.

slowing the growth of primate cities by reducing

foreign direct investment (FDI).

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Incorrect Question 14

Mexican border cities lost their relative locational

advantage because of the:
 North American Free Trade Act.

Border Industrialization Program.

Bracero Program.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

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Question 15

Twin cities along the U.S.-Mexican border are:

set up to facilitate only one-way border crossings

from Mexico into the U.S.

discrete cities between which only raw materials and

finished products move.

experiencing few if any border crossings.

integrated cities that can be seen as transborder

conurbations.

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Question 16

All of these are push or pull factors that have driven

people to migrate from Middle America to the United
States except:

conflict and violence.

economic opportunities and work programs.

 an increasingly open and demilitarized U.S. border.

climate change and environmental pressures.

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Question 17

The city of Cancún in Mexico is an example of a:

planned city developed for tourism.

traditional Spanish colonial-era city.

border city with a large number of maquiladora

factories.

refugee center for Central American migrants.

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Question 18

“Tourism urbanization” has driven the growth of the:

Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico.

small cities along the Pan-American Highway.

sea-to-sea conurbation along the Panama Canal.

Riviera Maya along the Caribbean coast of Mexico.

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Question 19
 The Zócalo, the main plaza built by the Spanish in
Mexico City, is currently:

surrounded primarily by high rises because the

historical buildings were demolished.

still an economic, cultural, and political center in

Mexican society.

a gated residential neighborhood for wealthy

residents.

only used by tourists, while locals congregate

elsewhere in the city.

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Incorrect Question 20

Which one of the following does not

apply to Mexico City?

home to a major television and film industry

built by the Spanish after all traces of the Aztec

capital had been eliminated

part of a larger conurbation known as the

Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico
 more than half of the territory designated as
conservation land

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Question 21

Colonias in Mexico City are:

public housing tracts developed to relieve crowding

in central Mexico City.

traditional neighborhoods from the colonial era.

poor neighborhoods in the north and east, similar

to favelas.

wealthy neighborhoods in the south and west.

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Question 22

The indigenous people of Oaxaca have:

mostly left the city, searching for work elsewhere.

largely been excluded and have left few cultural

markers in the city.

been one of the largest populations, accounting for

over 60% of residents.
 shaped the culture, economy, and society of the city.

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Question 23

Internationally, Oaxaca is recognized as a center for:

biomedical research.

high tech industry.

maritime trade.

culture and the arts.

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Question 24

A potential threat to the Panama Canal is:

declining use of cargo freighters.

erosion causing silting, or blocking, of the canal.

lack of investment by the Panamanian Government.

melting ice opening up the Northwest Passage.

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Question 25

Besides being home to the Panama Canal, Panama

City is home to:
 the first metropolitan mass transit system in Central
America.

all of the above.

regional headquarters of international companies

and non-governmental organizations.

major shopping and retail centers, including one of

the largest malls in the Americas.

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Question 26

The “Panama Papers” refers to:

permits that are issued to ships, allowing them use

of the Panama Canal.

real estate deals causing gentrification in Panama

City.

Panama City’s ambitious resiliency plans in the face

of rising sea levels.

leaked documents that reveal Panama City to be a

center of tax evasion.
 1 / 1 pts
Question 27

Which Middle American city was relatively isolated

during the period extending from the Cuban Revolution
to shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union?

Port-au-Prince

Havana

Oaxaca

Panama City

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Question 28

The Habaguanex is a state-owned firm responsible for

what in Havana?

rehabilitation and revitalization of neighborhoods

constructing prefabricated high-rise apartments

regulating and limiting the expansion of the Airbnb

network

certifying products from urban organic farms

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Question 29

Urban organic agriculture developed in Havana

because of:
 demand by newly privatized restaurants for quality
ingredients.

Cuba’s history of sugar plantations.

government programs promoting agriculture

education.

the rise in food prices.

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Question 30

Which one of these statements could not

be used to define “ungoverned spaces” in Port-au-
Prince?

Violence in these areas has previously resulted in

foreign intervention.

They are largely disconnected from the state,

resulting in limited public services.

They are tax-free zones designed to attract foreign

investment to Haiti.

Their landscapes are characterized by slums and

shantytowns.
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Question 31

In 2010, what major event devastated Port-au-Prince?

an earthquake

a volcanic eruption

a civil war

a hurricane

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Question 32

In many Middle American cities, residents work in the

informal economy. What statement best represents the
informal economy?

All of the above.

Women and young people are common participants.

Informal employment is diverse, and can include

work such as street-vending or housekeeping.

In Guatemala, the informal economy accounts for an

estimated 70% of urban employment.

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Question 33

For Middle American cities, climate change has the

potential to cause all of the following except:
 increased sea-level rise, threatening coastal cities.

increased risk of drought and food shortages.

more frequent and devastating earthquakes and

volcanic eruptions.

more frequent and intense storms and floods.

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Question 34

In 2018, what city was devastated when nearby

Volcano Fuego erupted killing nearly 200 people and
leaving another 200 missing?

Panama City, Panama

Guatemala City, Guatemala

Havana, Cuba

Monterrey, Mexico

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Question 35

Which one of the following provides an example of

how violence has impacted Middle America’s urban
landscapes?

integration and mixing of poor and wealthy

neighborhoods in order to reduce inequality
 the fortification of businesses and homes with gates,
walls, and private security

efforts to defend and control the urban periphery

forcing gangs into urban cores

mano dura policies turning public spaces, such as

plazas or schools, into zones of peaceful conflict
resolution between gangs and governments

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Question 36

A quest for security, a search for socio-spatial

differentiation from surrounding populations, and a
desire for sociocultural homogeneity: How have these
three contemporary trends changed the landscape of
cities in Middle America?

They have led to the rapid expansion of gated

communities.

They have expanded the number of police officers

on neighborhood patrols.

They have resulted in more differentiated shopping

experiences.

They have led to the expansion of zoning to achieve

planning goals.
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Question 37

Mexico’s Pueblos Magicos

program began with the turn of the 21st century. The
jobs that the program has created tend to be:

directed mainly at older people.

all of the above.

highly paid.

temporary.

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Incorrect Question 38

Which of the following contributed the least to the large

number of deaths in Puerto Rico that were the result of
Hurricane Maria in 2017?

lack of electricity

high winds and coastal flooding

shortage of potable water

impassable roads

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Question 39

What country seized Aruba from Spain in 1636 and

started a ranching economy that is now
commemorated by blue-horse sculptures throughout
the city?

Denmark
 France

Scotland

Netherlands

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Question 40

One of the largest, if not the

largest, cruise port in the Caribbean islands is
Charlotte Amalie, which is the capital of:

none of the above.

the Cayman Islands.

the U.S. Virgin Islands.

the Spanish Virgin Islands.

Quiz Score: 36 out of 40