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Question 1

The three most populous cities in South America are:

Bogotà, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro.

São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro.

Bogotà, Lima, Santiago.

Buenos Aires, Lima, Caracas.

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Question 2

To the cities of which South American region does this

description apply? “A strong indigenous and mestizo
population with small numbers of European
descendants”

Brazil

Caribbean Coast

Andean America

Southern Cone

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Question 3

To the cities of which South American region does this

description apply? “Growing rather slowly, and very
European in ethnic heritage and cultural traditions”

Caribbean Coast
 Southern Cone

Brazil

Andean America

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Question 4

The level of urbanization (percent urban) in South

America approximates that of:

South Asia.

East Asia.

Sub-Saharan Africa.

the U.S. and Canada.

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Question 5

Urban primacy in South America has resulted in

numerous problems including:

the concentration of investment capital, which has

intensified uneven development.

all of the above.

the marginalization of countries’ peripheral regions.

the dominance of the largest cities in national

decision-making.
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Question 6

How have economic liberalization and globalization

impacted the cities of South America?

They have reduced the importance of the informal

economy.

They have led to increased polarization nationally

and locally.

They have made it more difficult for elites to

dominate the economy.

They have created more integrated residential areas

and shopping centers.

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Question 7

Pre-Colombian urbanization in South America reached

its height in cities like Cuzco and royal retreats like
Machu Picchu, which were built by the:

Incas.

Mayas.

Aztecs.

Toltecs.
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Question 8

A right-angled gridiron of streets oriented around a

central plaza was the urban form prescribed under:

Spain's Reconquista.

Spain's "Laws of the Indies."

Portugal's Reconquista.

Portugal's "Laws of the Indies."

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Question 9

Which pair of cities is Portuguese-speaking?

São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

Quito and Guayaquil

Santiago and Valparaiso

None of the above

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Question 10

The most important urban anchor of Portugal's

holdings in South America and the second largest city
in the entire Portuguese realm during the colonial
period was:

Salvador da Bahia.
 Belém.

São Paulo.

Manaus.

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Question 11

In the 19th century, South American cities became

more integrated into the global economy by
coordinating the export of primary commodities and
the import of manufactured goods. What primary
commodities were important in the 19th century?

sugar, coffee, bananas, yerba mate

beef, minerals, coffee, rubber

rubber, sugar, bananas, hardwoods

gold, silver, titanium, iron ore

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Question 12

By the late 1800s, what two cities were competing to

lead South America into the 20th century, in part by
mounting urban renewal programs that drew their
inspiration from Europe?

Salvador da Bahia and Caracas

São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo and Lima

Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires

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Question 13

Which of the following was not one of the major trends

reshaping South American urban patterns in the
second half of the 20th century?

investment in the urban industrial sector

economic development that kept up with urban

growth

rural-to-urban migraiton

intensification of urban primacy

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Question 14

Venezuela’s Ciudad Guayana does not fit into which of

the following categories?

gateway cities

new towns

steel-manufacturing centers

growth poles

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Question 15

Since the Griffin-Ford Model of the Latin American city

was orignally proposed, what trend in urban
development has decreased its relevance?
 New activity areas have appeared, but they have
little to do with the CBD.

Central plazas have been largely replaced by the

expanding CBD.

A commercial spine radiating out from the colonial

core has materialized.

Zones of maturity, in situ accretion, and squatter

settlements have appeared.

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Question 16

One of the main reasons for the building of Brasília

was to:

provide housing for a new wave of immigrants from

Europe.

open up the iron mining districts of the planalto.

host a world’s fair in a controlled environment.

redistribute the population from the coast to the

interior.

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Question 17
Brasília:

was built before World War II to help open up the

interior of the country.

is a planned city with a residential and governmental

axis.

was designed using traditional principles of urban

planning.

is situated close to the geometric center of the

Amazon Basin.

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Question 18

Using the term “dual cities” in the context of South

American urbanism refers to:

the contiguity between cities that constitute a single

metropolitan area.

the coexistence of manufacturing and services

industries within industrial estates.

the gap between modern, progressive elements and

impoverished, obsolete elements.
 the split between megacities and companion cities in
nearby rural areas.

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Question 19

With nearly 50 million people in an area the size of

Austria, it represents a quarter of the national
population and one-third of the GNP. What is it?

Brazil’s megalopolis

the Lima-Callao corridor

the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area

the Buenos Aires metropolitan area

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Question 20

As a result of its vast range of business services, plus

a fast-paced and creative energy, what city has
emerged as the business capital of the common
market known as Mercosur?

Buenos Aires

Caracas

São Paulo

Rio de Janeiro

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Question 21
The easy-going Carioca, the annual Carnival,
Copacabana Beach, and Sugarloaf Mountain are
iconic images of:

Buenos Aires.

São Paulo.

Caracas.

Rio de Janeiro.

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Question 22

Rio’s Valongo slave wharf, the mining town of Ouro

Preto, and the colonial core of Lima, have all been
designated:

World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

New Wonders of the World by the New7Wonders

Project.

the Patrimony of Humankind by the UN.

Engineering Wonders of the World by the American

Society of Civil Engineers.

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Question 23

São Paulo’s economic base was initially tied to the

growing and transshipment of:
 sugar cane.

wheat.

bananas.

coffee.

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Question 24

With Brazil’s 1956 Development Plan, São Paulo’s

economic base expanded to include:

high-level business services, beginning with IBM.

bananas, beginning with Dole.

tourism, beginning with the designation of a UN

World Heritage site.

automobiles, beginning with Volkswagen.

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Question 25

Lima’s growth during the second half of the

20th century could best be described as:

government-controlled and nucleated.

all of the above.

conforming to the concentric zone model.

rapid, expansive, and unplanned.

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Question 26

Lima:

had its central historic district destroyed by an

earthquake in the 19th century.

accounts for only 10% of Peru’s population, a small

proportion by modern standards.

weathered the crises of the 20th century to emerge

as one of South America’s wealthiest cities.

was used by the Spanish as a transshipment point

for wealth extracted from the Andes.

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Question 27

During its "golden age" in the late 19th century, it was

known as the "Paris of South America." To what city
does this moniker refer?

Caracas

Santiago

Buenos Aires

Lima
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Question 28

Which one of the following South American cities is

most vulnerable to sea-level rise?

São Paulo

Brasilia

Lima

Buenos Aires

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Question 29

In terms of growth of the middle class and reductions

in poverty, which one of the following cities has
benefitted the most from globalization?

Santiago, Chile

Quito, Ecuador

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Caracas, Venezuela

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Question 30

As the gap between rich and poor has widened in

most cities of South America, what has happened to
the urban elite?
 They have abandoned the cities for satellite towns
on the periphery.

They have moved to protected luxury apartments

and gated suburban communities.

They have re-concentrated in the central city.

They have moved to single-family housing estates in

the suburbs.

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Question 31

Residents of asentamientos humanos and villas

meserias usually lack security of tenure, which means
that they lack:

title to the land.

guarantees of stabilized rent.

access to police and fire protection.

jobs that pay at least minimum wages.

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Question 32

Self-help housing in urban South America is

characterized by all of the following except:

vulnerability to floods and mudslides.

 planned zones of urban expansion.

the use of simple building materials.

locations on the urban periphery.

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Question 33

Which one of the following is not true with respect to

spatial segregation in South American cities?

Proximity seems to be accentuating tensions

between social classes.

The continent’s cities have long been highly

segregated.

Polarization of lifestyles by neighborhood is

decreasing.

Urban expansion is bringing distinct social groups

into contact.

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Question 34

Which one of the following statements about South

American cities best validates the principle that
“hazard vulnerability parallels income”?
 Historical preservation and heritage sites in
traditional downtowns encourage tourism.

Affluent residential enclaves are frequently

surrounded by low-income neighborhoods.

Employment in city centers is decreasing as

suburbanization accelerates.

Discharge of untreated sewage into streams occurs

more regularly in poorer districts.

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Question 35

Curitiba, Brazil, and Bogotá, Colombia, have become

known word-wide because they have been pioneers
in:

providing more environmentally friendly and socially

inclusive forms of urbanism.

building new towns on the periphery to alleviate

crowding in the core.

using “tiny houses” to achieve more inclusive social

housing.

applying neo-liberal principles to turn themselves

into world cities.
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Question 36

The metropolitan area anchored by La Paz and El Alto

has grown to almost 2 million residents. Water
shortages have also grown. Why?

all of the above

impact of climate change on nearby Chacaltaya

Mountain

regional drought

water loss from leaky pipelines

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Question 37

El Ojo Que Llora, in Lima, is a sculpture that

symbolizes the Peruvian nation’s “weeping eye.” What
has made this national memorial controversial?

The site had to be shared with a memorial to

Pachamama, an Andean fertility goddess.

Competing interests have used it to lay claim to

Peru’s collective memory.

It was built with public funds that could have been

used to help the poor.
 Due to a lack of funds, the site has had to be closed
for much of each year.

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Question 38

In the neighborhood of Recoleta in Buenos Aires, a

metro stop was re-inaugurated as Carlos Jáuregui
Station. The new name was chosen to honor:

an LGBT rights activist.

a climate-change activist.

none of the above.

an indigenous rights activist.

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Question 39

An itinerant knife-sharpener who seeks to make a

living on the streets of middle class and elite
neighborhoods in urban Peru would be considered
part of the:

secondary economy.

formal economy.

quaternary economy.

informal economy.

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Question 40
The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires:

is the same as the Metropolitan Area of Buenos

Aires.

is self-governing and the site of Argentina’s federal

capital.

is located midway between the Andes and the Rio de

la Plata.

shares a set of municipal boundaries with Gran

Buenos Aires.

Quiz Score: 40 out of 40