Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺘﺮك‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻬﻮﺷﺎ ت‬‫ﺘﻮر‬
‫دﻛ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄ ﺔ اﻟﺪورة‬
‫فيرع تلا‬

‫فينص تلا‬

‫ﺘﻌﺼﻴ ﺐ‬
‫اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ واﻟ‬

‫فا شك تسالا‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ت‬

‫م تي دراﺳ ﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬

‫ﻃ ﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻂ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ أو‬
‫لصفملا ﻫﻮ وﺳﻴﻠ ﺔ ﻟﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ‪.‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺘﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴ‬‫ﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ‬
‫ﺛ ﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ ا‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬

‫‪•Synarthroses:‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ‪•Amphiarthoses:‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ‬

‫•اﻹﺳﻬﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﻋﻜ ﺲ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ؛‬‫ﻻﺗﺤ‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺒ ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻫﺬه ﻣﺎﻳ ﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺼﻠ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛ ﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﲆ ﺣﺮﻛ‬
‫اﻋ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻬﺎل ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺷ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

I. Synarthroses
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪I. Synarthroses‬‬
‫ُﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴ ﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ أ ً‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ اﺳﻢ "‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ ﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم ‪ .‬ال ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻏﻀﺮوف‬‫دح ت ت اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ‪.‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪I. Synarthroses‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞﺗﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ اﻷﻧ ﺴﺠ ﺔ‬

‫أ‪ -‬اﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ىمس تو أ ً‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻐﺮز ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
‫ﺒﺪاﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎنﻳﻮﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺠ ًﻴﺎ وﻳﺸﻜﻞ در ًزا ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺸ ًﺮا أو ﻣ ﺴﻨ ًﻨﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪I. Synarthroses‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻼزﻣﺎ ت ‪ :‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞﺗﻜﻮن أﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣ‬ ‫ب‪ -‬اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺪ ﻫﺎﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ واﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم ‪: .‬لا ثم•‬
‫ﺒﻌﺾ وﻳ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲ اﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ أو اﻟ ﺴﺎق واﻷر‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻈﻤ‬‫ﺘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻤ‬‫اﻟﻐﺸﺎء‬
‫ﺘﻼزﻣﺎ ت‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻔﻘﺮا ت ﻫ ﻲ ﻣ‬‫ﺘﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء اﻟﻤﻤ‬
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‫‪I. Synarthroses‬‬

‫ج‪ Gomphosis : -‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻴﻔ ﻲ ﺧﺎص‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ﻧ ﺴﻴﺞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻮﻳﺼﻼ ت اﻟ ﺴﻨﻴ ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻂ اﻟ ﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻔ ﻲ‪.‬‬
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Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴﺎ ت‬.II
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺰاﻣﻨﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫هذه ﻫ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴﺎ ت ﻧﻔ ﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺎ ت‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺔ أ‬
‫أ‪ -‬اﻟ ﺴﻨﻜﻮﻧﺪروز‪ :‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺆﻗ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫ﺘﺰاﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﻈﺎم اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﺮاف‪،‬ﻳﺸﻜﻞ اﻟ‬
‫ىلع ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓ ﻲ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﻈﻢ؛‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎ ش واﻟﺸﻠﻞ ﺻﻔﻴﺤ ﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟ‬

‫ءان ثأ اﻟﺼﺪﻣ ﺔ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻧﻔﺼﺎل اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺷﻴ ﺔ‬

Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺎ ت‬
‫ب‪-‬ﺳﻴﻤﻔﻴ ﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻣ‬
‫و ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺷ‬

‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷر‬‫ﺘﻠﻄ ﺔ ﻣﻌﺰزة‬
‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ وﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺘﺤﺪ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎل‪ :‬ار‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﻛ ﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‬.‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬
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‫ﺜﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ‪:‬‬‫ﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫فيوج ت ﻣﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫نم اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺮﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﻼ ً ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺠ ﺴﻢ‪ .‬لك ش ت ﻏﺎﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ ﻲ اﻷﻛ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻷﻃﺮاف‬
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‫ﺜﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮا ت‬
‫ﺑﻀﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻠﻠﻴﻤ‬‫ﺘﺠﺎوز‬
‫ةحاسم اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ﻻﺗ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫حطسألا•اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺷﻴ ﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟ ﻲ‬‫وﻣﻐﻄﺎة‬

‫ﺘﻜﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎد‪• .‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮك‪• .‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ ﻣﺸ‬
‫•‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﻮر‬
‫ اﻟﺪﺳ‬.‫أ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫‪1.‬اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‬

‫اﱃ‪ .‬اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺑﻐﻀﺮوف ﻣﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ‪ ،‬أو ﻏﻀﺮوف زﺟﺎﺟ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻋﻢ أ‬‫ﻣﻐﻄﺎة‬
‫ﻣﺰرق‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﺳ ﺐﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟ ﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺬيﻳ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺑﻪ أوﻋﻴ ﺔ دﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ‬‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف ﻟﻴ ﺲ‬

‫اﻧﺤﻄﺎط اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟ ﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﺷ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬

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‫‪1.‬اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ب‪ -‬اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﺑﻖ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ و‬
‫دجو ت اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ ت ﻋﺪمﺗﻄﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬ة ثال ث أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺸﻔﺎ‬‫ﺘﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫واﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ واﻟﻘﺮص‪.‬‬
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‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮك (‬
‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎ )أو اﻟﺸﻔﺎ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫ةقلح ﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ‬
‫إدراج ﻋﲆ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤ ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺘﻔ ﻲ‬
‫ﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﺪي واﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻮرﻛ ﻲ اﻟﻔﺨﺬي‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎد اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺪور‪ :‬اﻷو‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺮا ت ﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻠ ﺴﺎء‬
‫́‬
‫ﺘﻘﺮار‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫̀‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛ ﺔ اﻟﺠﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻤﻴﺪ و‬ ‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺒ ﻲ واﻵﺧﺮ وﺳﻄ ﻲ‬‫ﺘﺎن ‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻫﻼﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻛ‬
‫ﺘﺮﻗﻮي‬
‫واﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻷﺧﺮﻣ ﻲ اﻟ‬
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‫اﻷﻗﺮاص ‪-‬اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ وﺿﻐﻮط اﻟﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻤﻴﺪ و‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﺪور‪ :‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﻲ واﻟﻔﻘﺮي‬

‫‪-‬ﻣ‬
‫̀‬
‫ﺘﺮﻗﻮي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻘﺼ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﺟﻴ ﺐ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻳﺤ‬

‫ﻷﺟﺰاء‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ا ́‬‫ﺘﻜﺎك‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﺪور‪:‬ﻳ ﺴﻬﻞ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق وﻳﻘﻠﻞ اﻻﺣ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫́‬ ‫́‬
‫ﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺘﻮى اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫‪-‬أ ب‬ ‫ﺘﻒ و‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻛ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ واﻷﻋﺼﺎ ب‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﻼ‬‫هذه اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻤﺰق اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺸﻔﺎء اﻟ‬‫بايغ اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻻﻳ ﺴﻤﺢ‬

‫ﺒ ﺐ اﻷﻋﺮاض‬
‫‪،‬يلا تلا بو ﻳﺠ ﺐ إزاﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻬﻼﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺰق اﻟﺬيﻳ ﺴ‬
‫اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺎد‬
‫‪2.‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻ‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒ ﺴﻮﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮ ب ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻮل أو‬
‫ﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻏﻼف ﻟﻴﻔ ﻲﻳ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻈ ﺔ ﻋ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﺰأﻳﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎﻛ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ‬

‫•ﺟﺰء ﺧﺎرﺟ ﻲ ﻟﻴﻔ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣ‬

‫ﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻔﻈ ﺔ‬

‫•اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬيﻳ‬
‫واﻟ ﺴﻄﻮح اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺎد‬
‫‪2.‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ وﻣﻌﺼ ﺐ‪ .‬ﻳﻔﺮز اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‪ ،‬أو اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‪:‬ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻔﺎف وﻟﺰج‪،‬ﻳﻌﺰز‬‫اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‪ :‬ﻏﻨ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻧﺰﻻق أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ؛ ﻓﻬﻮﻳ ﺴﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓ ﻲﺗﻐﺬﻳ‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﺪﻣ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺎ ب دﻣﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ أ‬
‫ﺑﻞ اﻧﺼ‬
‫‪-‬داء اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞﻳﻘﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ب اﻟ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮط إﻓﺮاز‪/‬اﻧﺼ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻴﻊﻳ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺎد‬
‫‪2.‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ب‪ .‬اﻷر‬
‫ﺒﺎط‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ وﺳﻴﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻼر‬
‫اﻷر‬

‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ‬
‫يه ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻟﻴﻔﻴ ﺔﺗﻮﺣﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬هذه اﻷر‬
‫ﺗﺎر اﻟﻌﻀﻼ ت‬
‫ﺑﺄو‬‫ﺘﻜﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬ ‫ﺒ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﻳ‬ ‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ اﻟ ﺴﻠ‬
‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫وﺳﻴﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﺸﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻌﺪ وﺳﻴﻠ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ واﻟ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄ ﺔ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫ اﻟ‬.‫ب‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻌ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺘ ﺔ أﻧﻮاع‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎكﺳ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻜ ﺲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﺮوي )اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻜ ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﺎ‬
‫وﺻﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﺮج )اﻟﻤ‬ ‫اﻹ ﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠ ﻲ )اﻟﻠﻘﻤ ﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻜﺮﻳ ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺠﻠ ﻲ )اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎدل(‪.‬‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧ ﻲ )اﻟ‬
‫)اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ(‪.‬‬
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﺮوي‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺣﺪﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻛﺮوﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺻﻠ ﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺘﻔﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﺪﻳ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺜﻠ ﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻜ‬ ‫‪-‬أﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻛﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛ ﺔ ﻣﺤﺎور‬
‫ﺛﻼ‬‫ﺒﻴﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‪ ،‬و‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻗﺪرة ﻛ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬
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‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻹ ﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ إ ﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻴﻴﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺎ‬‫اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻴ ﺔ‪:‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻌﺮ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺤﺪ ب‬

‫ﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ناروحم ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﺒﺮي اﻟﺮﺳﻐ ﻲ )اﻟﺮﺳﻎ(‬

‫‪:‬لا ثم اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﻌ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞﺳﻴﻼر‬
‫ﺘﺤﺪﺳﻄﺤﺎن ﻋﻈﻤﻴﺎن‬
‫ﺒﺎدلﻳ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﻚ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺎ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺴﺮج‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎه وﻣﻘﻌﺮان ﻓ ﻲ اﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎن ﻓ ﻲ ا‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪ‬

‫ﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ناروحم ﻟﻠ‬

‫‪:‬لا ثم اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫‪carpometacarpal‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺒﻜﺮي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺟﻴﻨﺠﻠﻴﻢ ‪:‬ﻳﺠﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺮة‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻠ ﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺠﻮف‪ .‬روحم‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﺪي اﻟﺰﻧﺪي ﻋﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮوﻛﻮﻳﺪي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﻮﻓ ﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺼﻠ‬
‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺰﻧﺪﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺜﻠ ﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﻌ‬
‫أﻣ‬

‫ﺒﻌﻴﺪة‬
‫واﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫•ﻳﻨﻀﻢ إﱃﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﺮﻗﻮي‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻷﺧﺮﻣ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫•ﻣ‬

‫ﺘﻢﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛ ﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳ‬
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‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ ت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟ ﺴﻬﻤ ﻲ ﻫ ﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮى اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬‫ﺘﻄﺎف‪ ،‬اﻟﺬيﻳﺤﺮك ﻗﻄﻌ ﺔ‬
‫•اﻻﺧ‬

‫ﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮى اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺮﻳ ﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﻌ ﺔ أﻗﺮ ب إﱃ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫•واﻟ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ ت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻌﺮﺿ ﻲ ﻫ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺬي "ﻳﻐﻠﻖ" اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬

‫•اﻻﻧ‬

‫ﺘﺢ" اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي "ﻳﻔ‬
‫•واﻟ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ ت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳ ﻲ ﻫ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺒ ﻲ اﻟﺬيﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﻣﺎﻣ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌ ﺔ‬

‫•اﻟﺪوران اﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺒﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﺎ؛‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬

‫•واﻟﺪوران اﻟﻮﺳﻄ ﻲ اﻟﺬيﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﻣﺎﻣ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳﻌ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎ ت اﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﺼﺪرﻳ ﺔ‬

‫•ﺣﺮﻛﺎ ت اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺼﺪري‪.‬‬

Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
Machine Translated by Google
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺼﻴ ﺐ‬
‫اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ واﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳ ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻋﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻮرﻳﺪﻳ ﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﺼ ﺐ اﻷوﻋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒ ﻲ اﻟﻼإرادي‪.‬‬
‫ﺒ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄ ﻲ اﻟﻨﺨﺎﻋ ﻲ واﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼ‬
‫ﺘﻤ ﻲ أﻋﺼﺎ ب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼ‬
‫ﺗﻨ‬

‫ﺛﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﺼﺎ ب اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻼ ت اﻟﻤﺆ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻷﻋﺼﺎ ب ﻓ ﻲ أﻏﻠ ﺐ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮوع اﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬

‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬دو ًرا أﺳﺎﺳ ًﻴﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺤ ﺴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻈ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴ ﺔ وأر‬ ‫ﺒﻼ ت اﻟﺤ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣ ﺴ‬‫ﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌ ﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺗﻨ ﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴ ﺔ و‬ ‫ﺘﻮاءا ت ﻣﺆﻟﻤ ﺔ( وﻓ ﻲ ﺣ ﺴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻟﻢ )اﻻﻟ‬
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‫ﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬
‫ﺑﻌﺎ‪ .‬اﺳ‬
‫ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻧ ﻲ‬
‫‪.‬أ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﺪى وا‬‫صحفلا اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﺮي ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﻴﻠﻴ ﺔﻳ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒ ﻲ وﻧﺸﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒ ﻲ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺤﺺﺳﻠ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﻲ وﻧ ﺴ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎ ت‬
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‫ﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ب‪ .‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﺴﻂ واﻷﻛ‬
‫ﺑﺮؤﻳ ﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴ ﺔ وﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻷ‬‫ﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋ ﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺬيﻳ ﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻢﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻣﻨ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪:‬ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ ﺴ ﻲ‬‫ﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻴ ﺔ وﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌ ﻲ )اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ(‪ .‬ﺗ ﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎ ت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دﻣﺠﻪ ﻣﻊ إﺟﺮاء اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺮؤﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ واﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻠﻴﻔ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻫﻮﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮ ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﻞ إزاﻟ ﺔ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺰﻗ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺪاﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻹﺟﺮاءا ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻴﺢﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ رؤﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ور‬
‫ﻳ‬
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‫ج‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬

‫ﺘﻬﺎ ب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳ ﺔ أو‬
‫ﺘﻬﺎ ب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟ‬ ‫•اﻷﻣﺮاض ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻤ ﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻜ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻬﺎ ب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻟ‬

‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ ﻫ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ ت اﻟﺨﻠﻊ )ﻓﻘﺪان‬

‫ً‬ ‫ﺜﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ضارمأ•اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻛ‬
‫ﺑﺎط(‬
‫ﺘﻄﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺰق أو اﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻮاء )‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﺳﻄﺤ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ( واﻻﻟ‬‫ﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫اﻻ‬
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