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langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf8 \nosupersub0 \caps0 Trespass to the person means the
apprehension of unreasonable interference with one\uc1 \u8217 ?s body or liberty.
It includes usage of force causing damage and impairment in the body with malafide
intention. Trespass may be done intentionally, deliberately, or negligently.
However, it is considered as intentional even if the wrongdoer did it unknowingly.
The word \uc1 \u8216 ?intention\uc1 \u8217 ? here implies committing the wrong
voluntarily. It is to be kept in mind that the relevance of intention forms the
essential component to trespass. Trespass to the person is a trespass actionable
per se unless the defendant establishes that his act was justified in law.}{\
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wrongful act interference of one person\uc1 \u8217 ?s body or property results in
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or physical contact to another. Battery covers many different types of offensive
contact, including medical procedures that an unconscious patient did not consent
to while conscience.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
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lang9 \langnp9 It is important to remember that a person who commits an intentional
tort like battery does not need to intend to cause the exact type or extent of harm
suffered by the plaintiff. For example, if the defendant strikes the plaintiff
without knowing that the plaintiff had a fractured skull that predisposed them to
death if struck in the head, the defendant can be held liable for death even if
they only intended to hurt the plaintiff.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5
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\lang9 \langnp9 Assault and battery are often linked together, but they differ in
the type of harm caused to the plaintiff. To commit assault, the defendant only
needs to put the plaintiff in fear of harm, such as raising their fist as if they
are about to strike the plaintiff or pulling a knife or gun on them in a
threatening manner.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \
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loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \
sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 Defamation in the form of
slander or libel is another type of intentional tort. This type of tort involves a
false statement made to another person or published in writing that causes harm to
the plaintiff. If a statement is true, this can constitute a defense to slander or
libel.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 Libel
usually involves a false written statement about the plaintiff, while slander
typically involves verbally spoken words.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200
\lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \
lang9 \langnp9 False imprisonment}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \
af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0
\sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 False imprisonment is
an intentional tort which involves confinement of the plaintiff without lawful
authority. An example of lawful authority to confine someone is when the police
place handcuffs on a person to arrest them after witnessing a crime or serving an
arrest warrant. The \uc1 \u8220 ?shopkeeper\uc1 \u8217 ?s privilege\uc1 \u8221 ?
allows store owners to detain a person whom they reasonably suspect is committing
theft in a store.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \
lang9 \langnp9 False imprisonment can involve any restriction of the plaintiff\
uc1 \u8217 ?s movement, including threats of violence if the plaintiff tries to
leave.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9
Conversion}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 Conversion is the civil version of
theft. A person does not need to intend to permanently deprive the owner of
property of it in order to be held liable for conversion. Simply borrowing an item
and refusing to return it on time and as agreed can make a defendant liable for
conversion.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 It is
also possible for a defendant to be held liable for conversion for damaged
property. For example, a defendant who rents a car and returns it late and in a
much worse condition than it was in when they borrowed the car may be held liable
for conversion.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \
lang9 \langnp9 Emotional distress}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \
af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0
\sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 Intentional infliction
of emotional distress involves a claim where the defendant\uc1 \u8217 ?s extreme or
outrageous conduct caused the plaintiff emotional harm. These types of cases can be
difficult to prove in court since emotional distress tends to be subjective.}{\fs22
\kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard
\plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 Intentional torts: civil
cases vs. criminal cases}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 The elements of an
intentional tort may overlap with the elements of a crime for the same conduct. A
prosecution for a crime ordinarily does not bar a lawsuit for an intentional tort
being filed against the same defendant. The state must prove a defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt for the defendant to be found guilty of a crime. In a
civil case, the burden of proof is usually by a preponderance of evidence (more
likely than not) or clear and convincing evidence. This is why there have been
cases where a defendant who was found not guilty
by a jury in a criminal case was held liable for damages in a separate civil
case.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9
Sometimes intentional torts may also overlap. For example, a plaintiff may file a
cause of action for both assault and battery because they allege that the defendant
both placed them in fear of being struck and also that the defendant actually
struck them, causing physical injuries. A claim of intentional infliction of
emotional distress may be filed along with other claims based on the mental anguish
suffered by the plaintiff.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \
loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \
sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }}