ANSWERS TO SAMPLE PAPER

CLASS XII : MATH

TOPICS FROM VOL II

PREPARED BY
M SRINIVASAN, PGT(MATHS), KVS
 𝒅 𝟑
1. If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − such that 𝒇 𝟐 = 𝟎, then 𝒇 𝒙 is
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟒
𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟗
a) 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑 − b) 𝒙𝟑 + + c) 𝒙𝟒 + + d) 𝒙𝟑 + −
𝒙 𝟖 𝒙𝟒 𝟖 𝒙𝟑 𝟖 𝒙𝟒 𝟖
𝒅 𝟑 𝟑
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝟑
𝟑
𝒇 𝒙 = න 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝒙𝟒 𝒙−𝟑 𝟒
𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 =𝟒 −𝟑 + 𝑪 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪
𝟒 −𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
𝒇 𝟐 =𝟎⟹ 𝟐 𝟒+ + 𝑪 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝟏𝟔 + + 𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟖
𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟗
+𝑪=𝟎
𝟖 𝑪=−
𝟖 𝒂) 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑 −
𝒙 𝟖
 𝟏
𝟐. 𝒅𝒙 equals
‫𝒙 𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒙 𝟐𝒏𝒊𝒔 ׬‬
a) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪 b) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪
c) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪 d) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟏
න 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
=න 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟐
+ 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
= න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + න 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝑪
b) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 + 𝑪
 𝝅
3. ‫ 𝒙𝒅 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒏𝒂𝒕 𝟎׬‬equals
𝟖

𝟒− 𝝅 𝟒+ 𝝅 𝟒− 𝝅 𝟒− 𝝅
a) 𝟖 b)
𝟖
c)
𝟒
d)
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝟖 𝟖
න 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟎
𝝅
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙 𝟖
= −𝒙
𝟐 𝟎
𝝅
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝝅
= 𝟒 − − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟎 − 𝟎
𝟐 𝟖
𝟏 𝝅 𝟒−𝝅 𝟒− 𝝅
= −
𝟐 𝟖 = a)
𝟖 𝟖
4. The area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 included between the lines 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟑 is
𝟗𝝅 𝟗
a) square units b) square units d) 4  square units
c) 𝟗 𝝅 square units
𝟒 𝟒
𝒙 𝒂 𝟐 𝒙
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟏
Required Area = 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
‫𝟎׬‬ න 𝒂 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟐
𝒂 − 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝒂
𝟑
𝒙 𝟗 −𝟏
𝒙
= 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎
𝟑 𝟗 −𝟏
𝟑 𝟎 𝟗 −𝟏
𝟎
= 𝟗 − 𝟗 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝟗 − 𝟎 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝟗 𝟗 𝝅
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝟏 = ×
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟗𝝅
a) square units
𝟒
5. The area of the region bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 and the line 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 is
𝟑𝟕 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟖
a) 𝟑
square units b)
𝟑
square units c)
𝟑
square units d)
𝟑
square units
𝟏𝟔
Required Area = 𝟐 ‫𝒚 𝟎׬‬ 𝒅𝒚
𝟏𝟔
Required Area = 𝟐 ‫𝒙 𝟎׬‬ 𝒅𝒚
𝟑 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟔 𝒚𝟐
= 𝟐 ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐
𝟑
𝟐 𝟎
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐𝟓𝟔
= 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 −𝟎 = 𝟔𝟒 =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝟓𝟔
b) square units
𝟑
 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
6. The solution of the differential equation + = 𝟎 is
𝒙 𝒚
𝟏 𝟏
a) + = 𝑪 b) 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚 = 𝑪 c) 𝒙𝒚 = 𝑪 d) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝑪
𝒙 𝒚

𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
+ =𝟎
𝒙 𝒚
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
⟹ =−
𝒚 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Integrating both sides න = −න−
𝒚 𝒙
𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒚 = − 𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒄
𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒚 + 𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒙 = 𝒍𝐨𝐠 𝒄 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄
c) 𝒙𝒚 = 𝑪
 𝒅𝒚
7. The integrating factor of the differential equation 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 is
𝒅𝒙
a) 𝒆𝒙 b) 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 c) 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 d) 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙
𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 ⟹ + =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝟐 𝒅𝒚
+ = Linear Differential Equation: + 𝑷𝒚 = 𝑸
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝐠𝐨𝐥 𝒙׬‬
𝑷= ,𝑸 = Integrating Factor = 𝒆‫𝒙𝒅𝑷 ׬‬ =𝒆
𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒙
𝟏 𝒅𝒖
Let 𝒖 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝐠𝐨𝐥 𝒙׬‬ ‫𝒖׬‬ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒖
𝒅𝒖 =
𝒙 𝒆 =𝒆 =𝒆
Integrating Factor = 𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙) b) 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙
 𝟏
𝟏
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟒
8. The order and degree of the differential equation + +𝒙 =𝟎
𝟓
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
a)2 and 4 b) 2 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 and 3
𝟏
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟒 𝟏
𝟐
+ + 𝒙𝟓 =𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟏
4
𝟏
4
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝟒 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝟒
+ 𝒙𝟓 =− ⟹ + 𝒙𝟓 = −
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟒
𝒅 𝒚 𝟏 𝒅𝒚
⟹ 𝟐
+ 𝒙𝟓 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
The order of the highest order derivative is 2 and its exponent is 4

a) 2 and 4
 ෡ and 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌.
9. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝑨𝑩 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟐𝒌 ෡ If D is the mid-point of BC, then 𝑨𝑫 is
෡
a) 4𝒊Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌 ෡
b) 2𝒊Ƹ − 𝟐𝒋Ƹ + 𝟐𝒌 ෡
c) 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡
d) 2𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒌

𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑩𝑫
𝟏
𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑩𝑪
𝟐
𝟏
𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
𝟐
𝟏
𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩 + −𝑨𝑩 + 𝑨𝑪
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑨𝑪 ⟹ 𝑨𝑫 = ෡ + 𝟑𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌
𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟐𝒌 ෡
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
෡
𝑨𝑫 = 𝟒𝒊Ƹ + 𝟎𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌 ෡
𝟐 d) 2 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑 𝒌
10. The value of  for which the vectors 3𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
෡ and 2𝒊Ƹ − 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝝀𝒌
෡ are parallel is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
a) b) c) d)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
෡ and 𝒂𝟐 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒃𝟐 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒄𝟐 𝒌
If the vectors 𝒂𝟏 𝒊Ƹ + 𝒃𝟏 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒄𝟏 𝒌 ෡ are
parallel then 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= =
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐
෡ and 2𝒊Ƹ − 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝝀𝒌
The vectors 3𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌 ෡ are parallel
𝟑 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
⟹ = = ⟹ = = 𝝀=
𝟑
𝟐 −𝟒 𝝀 𝟐 𝟐 𝝀
𝟐
a)
𝟑
11. The direction cosines of the vector 𝑩𝑨, where coordinates of A and B are
𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟏 and 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟎 respectively are
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝒂) − 𝟐, −𝟐, −𝟏 b) − ,− ,− c) 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟏 d) , ,
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Coordinates of A and B are 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟏 and 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟎
෡
𝑶𝑨 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐 𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 ෡
𝑶𝑩 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟎𝒌
𝑩𝑨 = 𝑶𝑨 − 𝑶𝑩 = −𝟐𝒊Ƹ − 𝟐 𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 ෡
The Direction cosines of 𝑩𝑨 are:
−𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
, 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
,
−𝟐 + −𝟐 + −𝟏 −𝟐 + −𝟐 + −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐 + −𝟐 𝟐 + −𝟏 𝟐

−𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 , ,
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
b) − ,− ,−
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
12. Equation of a line parallel to z – axis and passing through 𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏 is
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏
𝒂) = = b) = = c) = = d) = =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝒛 – axis makes angles 90, 90, 0 with the coordinate axes

The direction cosines of 𝒛 – axis are cos 90, cos 90, cos 0
The direction cosines of 𝒛 – axis are 0, 0, 1
As the required line is parallel to z – axis, the direction
cosines of the required lines are 0, 0, 1
Equation of a line passing through 𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏 and with direction cosines
𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏
0, 0, 1 is = =
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝒙−𝟏 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛−𝟏

d) = =
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
13.The angle between the lines 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 = −𝒛 and 𝟔𝒙 = −𝒚 = −𝟒𝒛 is
a) 0 b) 30 c) 60 d) 90
The lines are 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 = −𝒛 and 𝟔𝒙 = −𝒚 = −𝟒𝒛
𝒙 −𝟎 𝒚−𝟎 𝒛−𝟎 𝒙 −𝟎 𝒚−𝟎 𝒛−𝟎
The lines are 𝟏 = 𝟏 = and 𝟏 = = 𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟏 −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The direction ratios of the lines are : : -1 and : -1 : −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Let the direction ratios are : 𝒂𝟏 = , 𝒃𝟏 = ,𝒄 = −1 and 𝒂𝟐 = , 𝒃𝟐 = −𝟏, 𝒄𝟐 = −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟔 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 = + −𝟏 + −𝟏 − = − +
𝟐 𝟔 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 4
𝟏−𝟒+𝟑
= =𝟎
𝟏𝟐
The lines are perpendicular d) 90
 𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒚−𝟓 𝒛+𝟐
14.If the lines 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐 and = = are perpendicular, then =
𝝀 −𝟑 𝟎
a)3 b) −𝟑 c) 1 d) 2
𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒚−𝟓 𝒛+𝟐
The lines are 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐 and = =
𝝀 −𝟑 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
𝒙− 𝒚+ 𝒛−𝟏 𝒙 −𝟐 𝒚− 𝒛+𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
The lines are 𝟏 = 𝟏 = 𝟏 and = 𝟑 =
𝝀 − 𝟎
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
The direction ratios are : 𝒂𝟏 = , 𝒃𝟏 = ,𝒄 = and 𝒂𝟐 = 𝝀, 𝒃𝟐 = − , 𝒄𝟐 =𝟎
𝟔 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐

As the lines are perpendicular, 𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎

𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝝀 𝟏
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 = 𝝀 + − + 𝟎 = 𝟎 ⟹𝟔− 𝟐 =𝟎
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝝀 𝟏 𝟔
⟹ = ⟹λ=
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 a)3
15. The unbounded feasible region of a linear programming problem is given below where A,
B and C are the corner points of the feasible region. The minimum value of the objective
function 𝒁 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 occur at
a) 𝟎. 𝟔 , 𝟏. 𝟔 only b) 𝟑 , 𝟎 only c) At 𝟎. 𝟔 , 𝟏. 𝟔 and 𝟑 , 𝟎 only
d) at every point on line segment joining 𝟎. 𝟔 , 𝟏. 𝟔 and 𝟑 , 𝟎
Corner Point 𝒁 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚
(0 , 4) 4(0)+6(4) = 24
(0.6 , 1.6) 4(0.6)+6(1.6)=12
(3, 0) 4(3) + 6(0) = 12
Minimum value occur at B(0.6, 1.6) and C(3,0)
Minimum value occur at all points of BC
d) at every point on line segment joining 𝟎. 𝟔 , 𝟏. 𝟔 and 𝟑 , 𝟎
16. In a college 30% fail in Physics, 25% fail in Mathematics and 10% fail in both. One student
is selected at random. The probability that she fails in Physics if she failed in Mathematics is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟗 𝟏
a) b) c) d)
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟑
Let A = Event of student failing in Physics
Let B = Event of student failing in Mathematics
Given
𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟑𝟎% = 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟐𝟓% = 𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
The probability that she fails in Physics if she failed in Mathematics
𝟏𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
= 𝑷 𝑨ൗ𝑩 = =
𝟐𝟓
=
𝑷(𝑩) 𝟐𝟓 𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎 b)
𝟓
17. If 𝑷 𝑨Τ𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟑, 𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖. 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑷 𝑩Τ𝑨 is equal to
a) 0.6 b) 0.3 c) 0.06 d) 0.4
Given

𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖 𝑷 𝑨ൗ𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟑

𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
𝑨
𝑷 ൗ𝑩 = ⟹ 𝟎. 𝟑 = 𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
𝑷(𝑩) 𝟎. 𝟖
𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝑷 𝑩ൗ𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟔
𝑷 𝑩ൗ𝑨 = =
𝑷(𝑨) 𝟎. 𝟒

a) 𝟎. 𝟔
18. A bag contains 3 white, 4 black and 2 red balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random, the
probability that both the balls are white is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
a) b) c) d)
𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒

Total Cases of selecting 2 balls from 9 balls = 𝟗𝑪𝟐

Favourable Cases of selecting 2 white from 3 white balls = 𝟑𝑪𝟐
𝟑×𝟐
𝟑𝑪 𝟐 𝟐 × 𝟏 𝟑 × 𝟐
Probability of both white = = =
𝟗𝑪 𝟐 𝟗×𝟖 𝟗×𝟖
𝟐×𝟏 𝟏
=
𝟏𝟐
𝟏
c)
𝟏𝟐
 𝜋
19.Assertion: 𝐼𝑓 𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏 = 1 and 𝑎•
Ԧ 𝑏 = 3 then angle between 𝑎Ԧ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 is
6
Reason : 𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏 = 𝑎Ԧ 𝑏 sin 𝜃 and 𝑎Ԧ • 𝑏 = 𝑎Ԧ 𝑏 cos 𝜃

Assertion ෝ
𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒏
⟹ 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 ෝ =𝟏
𝒏

Given 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟏

𝒂•𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
⟹ 𝒂•𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Given 𝒂•𝒃 = 𝟑 𝒂 𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝟑

 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝟑  Is the angle between 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃

𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟏 𝟏 𝝅
= ⟹ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝜽=
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝝅
Angle between 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 is Assertion is True
𝟔
Reason
By definition 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 and 𝒂 • 𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
Reason is True

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

20. Assertion: A line through the points 𝟒 , 𝟕, 𝟖 and 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 is parallel to the line though
the points −𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏 and 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟓
Reason : Lines 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝝀𝒃𝟏 and 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝝀𝒃𝟐 are parallel if 𝒃𝟏 •𝒃𝟐 = 0

Assertion
Let the points be A 𝟒 , 𝟕, 𝟖 and B 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 ; C −𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏 and D 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟓

The direction ratios of AB are : 𝟐 − 𝟒 ∶ 𝟑 − 𝟕 ∶ 𝟒 − 𝟖

The direction ratios of AB are : 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟐; 𝒃𝟏 = −𝟒; 𝒄𝟏 = −𝟒;
The direction ratios of CD are : 𝟏 − −𝟏 : 𝟐 − −𝟐 : 𝟓 − 𝟏

The direction ratios of CD are : 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟒; 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟒

The direction ratios of AB are : 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟐; 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟒; 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟒;
The direction ratios of CD are : 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟒; 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟒
𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟒
= = ⟹ = =
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
The direction ratios of AB and CD are proportional
AB is parallel to CD Assertion is True
Lines 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝝀𝒃𝟏 and 𝒓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝝀𝒃𝟐 are parallel if 𝒃𝟏 = 𝝀𝒃𝟐
Reason is False

a) A is true but R is false

 −𝟏 𝝅 𝝅
21. Evaluate: ‫𝒏𝒂𝒕 ׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 , − <𝒙<
𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
න 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒅𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝝅 𝝅
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒙 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝒙
𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 +𝒙 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏 +𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
+𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟐
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
+𝒙 +𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
 𝝅
+𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝟐
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
+𝒙 +𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝝅 𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 +
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝝅 𝒙 𝝅 𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 +
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝝅 𝒙 𝝅 𝒙
= න 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒅𝒙 =න + 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐
𝝅 𝟏 𝝅 𝒙
= න 𝒅𝒙 + න 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙+ +𝑪
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
22. Evaluate: ‫𝒙 𝟏׬‬ − 𝒆 𝒅𝒙
𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟐𝒙
න − 𝟐
𝒆 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒆 𝒅𝒙 − න 𝟐
𝒆 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝟏
Integrating the I integral using integration by parts 𝒖= 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝒆 𝟐𝒙
𝟏
𝒅𝒖 = − 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒗 = න 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =
𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
න 𝒆 𝒅𝒙 − න 𝒆
𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝟐

𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒆 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
= × −න − 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − න 𝟐
𝒆 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
 𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒆 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
× −න − 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − න 𝟐
𝒆 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒆 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
= × +න 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 − න 𝟐
𝒆 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟐
𝟏 𝒆 𝟏 𝒆
= × =
𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
𝟏
𝟏 𝒆𝟒 𝒆𝟐 𝟏 𝒆𝟒 − 𝟐𝒆𝟐
= − =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒 𝟐
𝒆 − 𝟐𝒆
=
𝟒
 𝝅 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
22. Evaluate: ‫ 𝒙 𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒆 𝟎׬‬+𝒆− 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒂 𝒂
න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 ‫𝒙𝒅 )𝒙(𝒇 𝟎׬‬ = ‫𝒂(𝒇 𝟎׬‬ − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆
𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝅−𝒙
=න 𝒅𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝅 − 𝒙 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟎 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝅−𝒙 + 𝒆− 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝅−𝒙

𝝅
𝒆−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
= න −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒆 + 𝒆
𝝅
𝒆−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
= න −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆
 𝝅
𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒆−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = න −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆 𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆
𝟏
Each integral = (Sum of the two integrant)
𝟐
𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏 𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒆−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = න + −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒆 + 𝒆 𝟐 𝟎 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 +𝒆 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒆 +𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

𝟏 𝝅 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏 𝝅
= න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆 𝟐 𝟎
𝟏 𝝅
𝟏
= 𝒙 𝟎 = 𝝅−𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝝅
න 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟎 𝒆 +𝒆 𝟐
 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
23. Solve the differential equation 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙 =𝒙
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝒚+ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 =𝒙 ⟹ =
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐
=
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝟑𝒙𝟐
= +
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
− = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑷𝒚 = 𝑸
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝑷=− 𝑸 = 𝟑𝒙
𝒙
 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝟑 𝟏 𝑸 = 𝟑𝒙
− = 𝑷=−
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝟏
‫𝒙𝒅𝑷 ׬‬ ‫ ׬‬−𝒙𝒅𝒙
Integrating Factor = 𝒆 =𝒆
𝟏
−𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝟏 =𝒆 =𝒆 𝒙
Integrating Factor =
𝒙
The general solution is given by : 𝒚 𝑰. 𝑭 = ‫𝑰 𝑸 ׬‬. 𝑭 𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟏 𝟏 𝒚
𝒚 = න 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪 ⟹ = 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒙 𝒙
𝒙
𝒚 𝟐
= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪𝒙
𝒙
24. Find the vector equation of the line that passes through the point
𝑨 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟏 and parallel to the line 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟑𝟓𝒛
The given parallel line is 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟑𝟓𝒛
𝒙−𝟓 𝒚−𝟐 𝒛
The given parallel line is 𝟏 = 𝟏 = 𝟏
−
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The direction ratios of the parallel lines are : − :
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The direction ratios of the required lines are : − :
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑𝟓
The vector equation of the line that passes through the point 𝑨 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟏 and
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
with direction ratios : − : is given by
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑𝟓

෡ +𝝀 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 ෡
𝒓 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ + 𝒌
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑𝟓
25. A black and red die are rolled together. Find the conditional probability of
obtaining sum 8 given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.
Let E = Event of getting the sum as 8 in throwing both black and red die
E= 𝟐 ,𝟔 , 𝟑 ,𝟓 , 𝟒 ,𝟒 , 𝟓 ,𝟑 , 𝟔 ,𝟐
Let F = Event of getting number less than 4 in throw of red die
𝟏 , 𝟏 , 𝟐 , 𝟏 , 𝟑 , 𝟏 , 𝟒 , 𝟏 , 𝟓 , 𝟏 , 𝟔, 𝟏 𝟏𝟖
F= 𝟏 , 𝟐 , 𝟐 , 𝟐 , 𝟑 , 𝟐 , 𝟒 , 𝟐 , 𝟓 , 𝟐 , 𝟔, 𝟐 𝑷 𝑭 =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏 , 𝟑 , 𝟐 , 𝟑 , 𝟑 , 𝟑 , 𝟒 , 𝟑 , 𝟓 , 𝟑 , 𝟔, 𝟑

𝑬 ∩𝐅= 𝟔 ,𝟐 , 𝟓 ,𝟑
𝟐
𝑷 𝑬 ∩𝐅 =
𝟑𝟔
 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝑷 𝑬 ∩𝐅 = 𝑷 𝑭 =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔
The conditional probability of obtaining sum 8 𝑬
= 𝑷 ൗ𝑭
given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4
𝑷 𝑬 ∩ 𝐅
𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑭 =
𝑷 𝑭
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔 =
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖
𝟑𝟔
The conditional probability of obtaining sum 8 given that
𝟏
the red die resulted in a number less than 4 =
𝟗
25. The probability distribution of a random variable X is given by
X 1 2 3
𝐤 𝐤 𝐤 Find E 𝑿 , the mean of X
P(X)
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔

For a probability distribution σ 𝒑𝒊 = 𝟏

𝒌 𝒌 𝒌 𝟑𝒌 + 𝟐𝒌 + 𝒌 𝟔𝒌
+ + =𝟏 ⟹ =𝟏 ⟹ = 𝟏 𝒌=𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
X 1 2 3
P(X)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑬 𝑿 = ෍ 𝒑𝒊 𝒙𝒊
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝑬 𝑿 = 𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑 = + +
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟓
𝑬 𝑿 =
𝟑
 𝒙
26. Evaluate : ‫ 𝟒𝒙 ׬‬+𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
න 𝟒 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒙 +𝒙 +𝟏
𝒙
=න 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒙 +𝒙 +𝟏
𝟏
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒖
Let 𝒖 = 𝒙𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒙 𝒅𝒖 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
න 𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟐 𝟐
𝒖 +𝒖= 𝒖+ −
𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒖 + 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒

𝟏 𝒅𝒖
= න 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝒖+ − +𝟏
𝟐 𝟒
 𝟏 𝒅𝒖
= න 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝒖+ − +𝟏
𝟐 𝟒

𝟏 𝒅𝒖 𝟏 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 −𝟏
𝒙
= න 𝟐 = න න = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 +𝑪
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑
𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
𝒖+ + 𝒖+ +
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝒖+
= × 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 +𝑪 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝒖 + 𝟏
−𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 = × 𝒕𝒂𝒏 +𝑪
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐

𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
−𝟏
‫ 𝟒𝒙 ׬‬+𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟑
𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟑
+𝑪
 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
27. Evaluate: ‫𝒙𝒅 𝟐𝒙 ׬‬
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
න 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝒕 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
−𝟏
−𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
න 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
𝒕 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕
=න 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = න 𝒕 × × 𝒅𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
= න 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
 න 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒖=𝒕 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝒅𝒖 = 𝒅𝒕 𝒗 = න 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕

න 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = −𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 − න − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 𝒅𝒕

= −𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒕 + 𝑪
𝟏 𝟏
= −𝒕 × + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒕 − 𝟏 + 𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −𝒕 × + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 − 𝟐
−𝟏 +𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
න 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −𝒕 × + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 − 𝟐
−𝟏 +𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕

𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
=− + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 − 𝟐
−𝟏 +𝑪
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙

𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
=− + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 − +𝑪
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
න 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = − + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 +𝑪
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
 𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝒚
28. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝒙 + 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔 =𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝝅
given that when 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 =
𝟒
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝟐
𝒚
𝒙 + 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 =𝒚 ⟹ + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 = = − 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒗
Let = 𝒗 =𝒗+𝒙
𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗
𝒗+𝒙 = 𝒗 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒗
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒗
𝒅𝒙
 𝒅𝒗
𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒗
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝟐
=− ⟹ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒗 𝒅𝒗 = −
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒗 𝒙 𝒙
Integrating both sides
𝒅𝒙
𝟐
න 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒗 𝒅𝒗 = − න
𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒗 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒚 𝝅
𝐭𝐚𝐧 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪 when 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 =
𝟒
𝒙
𝝅
⟹ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 + 𝑪 𝑪=𝟏
𝟏
𝒚
The particular solution is 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒙
 𝒚
28. Solve the initial value problem : 𝒙𝒆 + 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝒅𝒚, 𝒚 𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒙

𝒚 𝒚 𝒚
𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝒅𝒚 ⟹ 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒚
𝒚 𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
= 𝒆 + 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒗
Let = 𝒗 =𝒗+𝒙
𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗 𝒗
𝒗+ 𝒙 = 𝒆 +𝒗
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗 𝒗
𝒙 =𝒆
𝒅𝒙
 𝒅𝒗 𝒗 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 =𝒆 ⟹ 𝒗 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒆 𝒙
−𝒗
𝒅𝒙
𝒆 𝒅𝒗 =
𝒙
Integrating both sides
𝒅𝒙 −𝒗
න𝒆 −𝒗
𝒅𝒗 = න
𝒙
⟹ −𝒆 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒚
− when 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟏
−𝒆 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟏
−
−𝒆 𝟏 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 + 𝒄 𝑪 = −𝒆−𝟏
𝒚
−
The particular solution is −𝒆 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 − 𝒆−𝟏
29. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 𝑷 𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟑 to the line
𝒙+𝟑 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛+𝟒
= =
𝟓 𝟐 𝟑

Let Q be the foot of the perpendicular of the • 𝑷 𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟑

point P on the given line
𝒙+𝟑 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛+𝟒
The given line is = = =𝝀 Q
𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 •
Any general point on the given line is 𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒚 − 𝟏 𝒛 + 𝟒
= =
𝟓 𝟐 𝟑
𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟒
Assume this general point be Q 𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟒
The direction ratios of PQ are 𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 − 𝟎 , 𝟐𝝀 + 𝟏 − 𝟐 , 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟒 − 𝟑
The direction ratios of PQ are 𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 , 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟕
 𝒙+𝟑 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛+𝟒
The given line is = =
𝟓 𝟐 𝟑
The direction ratios of given line are 𝟓 ∶ 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑
The direction ratios of PQ are 𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 , 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 , 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟕
PQ is perpendicular to the given line
𝟓 𝟓𝝀 − 𝟑 + 𝟐 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 + 𝟑 𝟑𝝀 − 𝟕 = 𝟎
𝟐𝟓𝝀 − 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟐 + 𝟗𝝀 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
𝟑𝟖𝝀 − 𝟑𝟖 = 𝟎 𝝀 = 𝟏
The coordinates of Q 𝟓(𝟏) − 𝟑 , 𝟐(𝟏) + 𝟏 , 𝟑(𝟏) − 𝟒
The coordinates of foot of the perpendicular are
Q 𝟐 , 𝟑 , −𝟏
30. Solve the linear programming problem graphically
Maximise: 𝒁 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 subject to 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟔; 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟔; 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏, 𝒙, 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

The constraint 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟔

Points : (3, 0), (0, 2) : Origin included

The constraint 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟔
Points : (2, 0), (0, -3) : Origin included
The constraint 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏
Line parallel to 𝒙 − axis passing through (0, 1): Origin included

𝒙 , 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎 ⟹ The feasible solution is in I quadrant

The constraint 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟔 Points : (3, 0), (0, 2) : Origin included
The constraint 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟔 Points : (2, 0), (0, -3) : Origin included
The constraint 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏
Line parallel to 𝒙 − axis passing through (0, 1): Origin included
Feasible Region : OABCD
 The corner points of feasible region are
𝟑𝟎 𝟔 𝟑
O(0 , 0), A(2 , 0) ; B , ,C ,𝟏 , D(0,1)
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟐

Corner Point Value of 𝒁 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟗 𝒚

(0 , 0) 𝒛=𝟖 𝟎 +𝟗 𝟎 =𝟎
( 2, 0) 𝒛 = 𝟖 𝟐 + 𝟗 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔
𝟑𝟎 𝟔 𝟑𝟎 𝟔
, 𝒛=𝟖 +𝟗 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟑
,𝟏 𝒛=𝟖 + 𝟗 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏
𝟐 𝟐

(0 , 1) 𝒛=𝟖 𝟎 +𝟗 𝟏 =𝟗
The Maximum value of 𝒁 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟗 𝒚 is 22.6
𝟑𝟎 𝟔
at , and the minimum value is 0 at (0 , 0)
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
30. Solve the linear programming problem graphically
Minimize 𝒁 = 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚
subject to 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝟎 ; 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟑𝟎; 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≥ 𝟔𝟎, 𝒙 , 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

The constraint 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝟎
Points : (40, 0), (0, 20) : Origin included
The constraint 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟑𝟎
Points : (10, 0), (0, 30) : Origin excluded
The constraint 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≥ 𝟔𝟎
Points : (15, 0), (0, 20) : Origin excluded

𝒙 , 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎 ⟹ The feasible solution is in I quadrant

The constraint 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝟎 Points : (40, 0), (0, 20) : Origin included
The constraint 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 Points : (10, 0), (0, 30) : Origin excluded
The constraint 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≥ 𝟔𝟎 Points : (15, 0), (0, 20) : Origin excluded
Feasible Region : ABCD
 The corner points of feasible region are
A(4 , 18), B(6 , 12) ; C(15 , 0), D(40 , 0)
Corner Point Value of 𝒁 = 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒚
(4 , 18) 𝒛 = 𝟐𝟎 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎
(6 , 12) 𝒛 = 𝟐𝟎 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎
(15 , 0) 𝒛 = 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎
(40 , 0) 𝒛 = 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟎 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎

The Minimum value of 𝒁 = 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒚 is 240

at 𝟓𝟔 , 𝟏𝟐
31. A scientist has to make a decision on each of the two independent events I
and II. Suppose the probability of error in making decision on event I is 0.02
and on event II is 0.05. Find the probability that the scientist will make
correct decision on i) both the events ii) only one event.
Let A = Event that Scientist makes correct decision on Event I
Let B = Event that Scientist makes correct decision on Event II
Given P(A’) = 0.02 P(B’) = 0.05

P(A) = 1 – P(A)=1− 0.02 P(A) = 0.98

P(B) = 1 – P(B)=1− 0.05 P(B) =0.95
P(A) = 0.98 P(B) =0.95 P(A’) = 0.02 P(B’) = 0.05
i) P(scientist make correct decision on both events) =P(AB)
P(AB) = P(A) P(B) Events A and B are independent
= 0.98  0.95 = 0.931
i) P(scientist make correct decision on exactly one event)
=P(AB’ or A’B)
=P(AB’) + P(A’B)
=P(A)  P(B’) +P(A’) P(B) Events A and B are independent
= 0.98  0.05 + 0.02  0.95 = 0.068
 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
32. Evaluate:‫׬‬0 2 𝑑𝑥
𝝅 sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒂 𝒂
න 𝒅𝒙 ‫ 𝒂(𝒇 𝟎׬ = 𝒙𝒅 )𝒙(𝒇 𝟎׬‬− 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐
−𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
=න 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = න
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐
− 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐
−𝒙 𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝟐
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝟐
න 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟏
Each integral = (Sum of the two integrant)
𝟐

𝝅 𝝅
𝟐
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
න 𝒅𝒙 = න + 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
න 𝒅𝒙 = න + 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
න 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅
𝟐 𝟏
=න 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅
𝟐 𝟏
=න 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
𝟐 𝟏
=න 𝝅 𝝅 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏
න 𝒅𝒙 =න 𝝅 𝝅 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
𝝅
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
= න 𝝅 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 −
𝟒
𝝅
𝟏 𝟐𝝅
= න 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 − 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟎 𝟒

𝝅
𝟏 𝝅 𝝅 𝟐
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 − + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 −
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟎
 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝝅 𝝅 𝟐
න 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 − + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 −
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟎
𝟏 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 − + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 − − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟎 − + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟎 −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔𝒆𝒄 − + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

𝟏
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐−𝟏
𝟐
𝝅
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐+𝟏
න 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐−𝟏
 𝝅
𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
32. Evaluate: ‫𝒙 𝟒𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝟎׬‬+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟐

𝝅
𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
න 𝒅𝒙 ‫𝒙𝒅 )𝒙(𝒇 𝟎׬‬ = ‫𝒂(𝒇 𝟎׬‬ − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 − 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 −𝒙
=න 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 − 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 −𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 − 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
න 𝟒 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟒 𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝟏
Each integral = (Sum of the two integrant)
𝟐

𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
න 𝒅𝒙 = න + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟐 − 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
න 𝒅𝒙 = න + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝟐 − 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
= න 𝟒 𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 Divide Numerator and Denominator
= න 𝒅𝒙 by 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙
𝟐 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙
𝝅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝝅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟏
𝝅 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 𝝅 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
= න 𝟒 𝟒 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟒
𝟒 𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟒
+ +
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙
𝟒
𝝅
𝝅 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
= න 𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝟒 𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟏
 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝝅 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝝅 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
න 𝟒 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟒 𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝒅𝒖
Let 𝒖 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
When 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒖 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟎 = 𝟎 When 𝒙 = ,𝒖 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = ∞
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝒅𝒖
𝝅 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝝅 ∞
𝟐
න 𝒅𝒙 = න
𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐
𝝅 ∞ 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒖 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝟏
∞ − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝟏
𝟎 = −𝟎
𝟖 𝟎 𝟖 𝟖 𝟐
𝝅
𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝟐 𝝅𝟐
න 𝟒 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟏𝟔
33. If a curve 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 , passing through the point 𝟏 , 𝟐 is the
solution of the differential equation 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙.
𝟏
Find the value of 𝒇
𝟐

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟐
Let 𝒚 = 𝒗𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒗
=𝒗+𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒙 𝒗𝒙 +𝒗𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒗+ 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟐
 𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒙 𝒗𝒙 +𝒗𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒗+ 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒗𝒙𝟐 +𝒗𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒗+𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒗+𝒗𝟐
𝒗+𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒗+𝒗𝟐
𝒙 = −𝒗
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒗 𝟐𝒗+𝒗𝟐 −𝟐𝒗 𝒅𝒗 𝒗𝟐
𝒙 = ⟹ 𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
 𝒅𝒗 𝒗𝟐
𝒙 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒗 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
= ×
𝒗𝟐 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒗 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
Integrating both sides න 𝟐 = න
𝒗 𝟐 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
− = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒗 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
− 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪 ⟹ − = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝒙
 𝒙 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 , passing through the point 𝟏 , 𝟐
⟹ − = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝒚 𝟐 When 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
− = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 + 𝑪 𝑪=−
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
The solution is − = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 −
𝒚 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
⟹ = 𝟏 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 𝒚=𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝒚 𝟐
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐
𝒇 = 𝒇 =
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐
𝟏 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝟐
34. Find the equation of all sides of a parallelogram ABCD whose vertices
are A 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟖 , 𝑩 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 , 𝑪 −𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏 , 𝑫 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟓 . Also find the coordinates
of foot of the perpendicular from A to CD
The equation of the side AB with vertices A 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟖 , 𝑩 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒
𝒙 −𝟒 𝒚 −𝟕 𝒛 −𝟖
= =
𝟐 −𝟒 𝟑 −𝟕 𝟒 −𝟖
𝒙 −𝟒 𝒚 −𝟕 𝒛 −𝟖
= =
−𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟒
The equation of the side BC with vertices 𝑩 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒 , 𝑪 −𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏
𝒙 −𝟐 𝒚 −𝟑 𝒛 −𝟒
= =
−𝟏 − 𝟐 −𝟐 − 𝟑 𝟏 − 𝟒
𝒙 −𝟐 𝒚 −𝟕 𝒛 −𝟖
= =
−𝟑 −𝟓 −𝟑
The equation of the side CD with vertices𝑪 −𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏 , 𝑫 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟓
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛 −𝟏
= =
𝟏+𝟏 𝟐+𝟐 𝟓 −𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛 −𝟏
= =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
The equation of the side AD with verticesA 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟖 , 𝑫 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟓
𝒙−𝟒 𝒚−𝟕 𝒛 −𝟖
= =
𝟏−𝟒 𝟐−𝟕 𝟓 −𝟖
𝒙−𝟒 𝒚−𝟕 𝒛 −𝟖
= =
−𝟑 −𝟓 −𝟑
Let F be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from A to CD
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛 −𝟏
Line CD is = = =𝝀
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

Any general point on the given line is A 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟖

𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟐 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟏
Assume this general point be E 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟐 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟏
The direction ratios of AE are 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟏 − 𝟒 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟐 − 𝟕 , 𝟒𝝀 + 𝟏 − 𝟖
The direction ratios of AE are 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟗 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟕
The direction ratios of CD are 𝟐 ∶ 𝟒 ∶ 𝟒
The direction ratios of AE are 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟗 , 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟕
The direction ratios of CD are 𝟐 ∶ 𝟒 ∶ 𝟒
AE and CD are perpendicular
𝟐 𝟐𝝀 − 𝟓 + 𝟒 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟗 + 𝟒 𝟒𝝀 − 𝟕 = 𝟎
𝟒𝝀 − 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔𝝀 − 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔𝝀 − 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟑𝟕
𝟑𝟔𝝀 − 𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎 𝝀=
𝟏𝟖
𝟑𝟕 𝟑𝟕 𝟑𝟕
The coordinates of E 𝟐 − 𝟏 ,𝟒 − 𝟐 ,𝟒 +𝟏
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖

The coordinates of foot of the perpendicular are

𝟐𝟖 𝟓𝟔 𝟖𝟑
E , ,
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
34. Find the vector equation of a line passing though the point 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟒 and
parallel to the line joining the points 𝑨 𝟑, 𝟑, −𝟓 and 𝑩 𝟏, 𝟎, −𝟏𝟏 . Hence
find the distance between them
The parallel line is joining the points 𝑨 𝟑, 𝟑, 𝟓 and 𝑩 𝟏, 𝟎, −𝟏𝟏
The direction ratios of AB are 𝟏 − 𝟑 ∶ 𝟎 − 𝟑 ∶ −𝟏𝟏 − 𝟓
The direction ratios of AB are −𝟐 ∶ −𝟑 ∶ −𝟔
The direction ratios of AB are 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 ∶ 𝟔
The direction ratios of required lines are 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 ∶ 𝟔
The vector equation of the line that passes through the point 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟒 and
with direction ratios 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 ∶ 𝟔 is given by

෡ + 𝝀 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
𝒓 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝟒𝒌 ෡
The equation of a line passing though the point 𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟒 is 𝒓 =
෡ + 𝝀 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝟒𝒌 ෡

The equation of the line joining the points 𝑨 𝟑, 𝟑, −𝟓 and

𝑩 𝟏, 𝟎, −𝟏𝟏 and with direction ratios 𝟐 ∶ 𝟑 ∶ 𝟔 is 𝒓 = ൫𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ −
෡൯ + 𝝀 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
𝟓𝒌 ෡

෡
𝒂𝟏 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟐𝒋Ƹ − 𝟒𝒌 ෡
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ − 𝟓𝒌 ෡
𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
𝒂𝟐 −𝒂𝟏 ×𝒃
Distance between parallel lines=
𝒃

෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌
 ෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝒋Ƹ − 𝒌 ෡
𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
𝒊Ƹ 𝒋Ƹ 𝒌෡
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 ෡ 𝟐 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 × 𝒃= 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ +𝒌
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
𝟑 𝟔 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐 𝟑

෡ 𝟔−𝟐
= 𝒊Ƹ 𝟔 + 𝟑 − 𝒋Ƹ 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝒌 ෡
= 𝟗𝒊Ƹ − 𝟏𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌

𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 × 𝒃 = 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟏𝟗𝟔 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑

𝒃 = 𝟒 + 𝟗 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟕

𝒂𝟐 −𝒂𝟏 ×𝒃 𝟐𝟗𝟑
Distance between parallel lines= =
𝒃 𝟕
35. A bag contains 5 red and 4 white balls and another bag contains 3 red and 3
white balls. Two balls are transferred from I bag to the II bag and then one
ball is drawn form II bag. If the ball drawn from bag II is red, then find the
probability that one red and one white ball is transferred from bag I to bag II
I experiment : Transferring of two balls from I bag to II bag
Let A = Event of transferring two red balls from I bag to II bag
𝟓×𝟒 𝟓
𝟓 𝑪𝟐 𝟐 × 𝟏 𝟓×𝟒 𝑷(𝑨) =
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟗×𝟖 = 𝟗×𝟖
=
𝟗 𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟐×𝟏
Let B = Event of transferring two white balls from I bag to II bag
𝟒×𝟑
𝟒𝑪𝟐 𝟐 × 𝟏 𝟒×𝟑 𝟑
𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟗×𝟖 = 𝟗×𝟖 𝑷(𝑩) =
=
𝟗𝑪𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟐×𝟏
Let C = Event of transferring one red, one white from I bag to II bag
𝟓 𝑪𝟏 × 𝟒 𝑪𝟏 𝟓 ×𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝑷 𝑪 = = 𝟓×𝟒
𝟗𝑪𝟐 𝟗×𝟖 = ×𝟐 𝑷(𝑪) =
𝟐×𝟏 𝟗×𝟖 𝟏𝟖
II experiment : Drawing one ball from II bag I bag : 5 red. 4 white
Let E = Event of drawing red ball from II bag II bag : 3 red, 3white
P(E/A)= P(Drawing a red ball from II bag after two red balls are transferred)
𝟑+𝟐 𝟓
P(E/A)= =
𝟔+𝟐 𝟖

P(E/B)= P(Drawing a red ball from II bag after two white balls are transferred)
𝟑 𝟑
P(E/B)= =
𝟔+𝟐 𝟖
 𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟑
𝑷(𝑨) = 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑪) = P(E/A) = P(E/B) =
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
I bag : 5 red. 4 white II bag : 3 red, 3white
P(E/C)= P(Drawing a red ball from II bag after one red , one white balls are
𝟑+𝟏 𝟒 transferred)
P(E/C)= =
𝟔+𝟐 𝟖
P(one red and one white ball is transferred from bag I to bag II if the drawn ball is red)
𝑷(𝑪) × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑪
𝑷 𝑪ൗ𝑬 =
𝑷 𝑨 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑨 + 𝑷 𝑩 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑩 + 𝑷(𝑪) × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑪

𝟏𝟎 𝟒
𝑪 𝟏𝟖 ×𝟖 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝑷 ൗ𝑬 =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 = = =
× + × + ×
𝟏𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟖 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟗 + 𝟒𝟎 𝟕𝟒 𝟑𝟕
36. A park is in the form of a circle whose equation is given by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗. It is proposed to construct a parking
area at the region bounded by the circle and the line 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑
a) Using integration find the area allotted for the parking area

Area of the required region = Area bounded by circle – area bounded by the line
𝟑
Area of the required region = ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝒚 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆 − 𝒚 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒅𝒙

𝟑
Area of the required region = ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟑 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
 𝟑
Area of the required region = ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟑 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟑 𝟑
= ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝟑𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − ‫𝟎׬‬ 𝟑 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝒙 𝟐
𝟗 −𝟏
𝒙 𝒙
= 𝟗 − 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝟑𝒙 −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎
𝟐 𝟎
𝟑 𝟗 −𝟏
𝟑 𝟎 𝟗 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟗
= × 𝟎 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − × 𝟗 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − 𝟗− − 𝟎×𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝝅 𝟗
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝟏 − 𝟎 − 𝟗− −𝟎 = × − −𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟗𝝅 𝟗
= − square units
𝟒 𝟐
b) Find the total cost of lying tiles at the parking area if the cost of tiling one
square unit of area is Rs.400/-
𝟗𝝅 𝟗
Area of parking area = − square units
𝟒 𝟐
𝟗𝝅 𝟗
Total cost of lying tiles = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 −
𝟒 𝟐
𝟗
Total cost of lying tiles = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝝅−𝟐
𝟒
Total cost of lying tiles = 𝟗𝟎𝟎 × 𝝅 − 𝟐
Total cost of lying tiles = 𝟗𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒

Total cost of lying tiles = 𝑹𝒔. 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔/−

37. Two cars are running on a racing track represented by the lines
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟑 𝒛+𝟓 𝒙−𝟐 𝒚−𝟒 𝒛−𝟔
= = and = =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
a) Write the vector equation of the line in which I car is travelling
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟑 𝒛+𝟓
The line is = = Point: (−𝟏, −𝟑, −𝟓) Director ratios : 3 : 5 : 7
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
The vector equation of line in which I car is travelling is
෡ + 𝝀 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓𝒋Ƹ + 𝟕𝒌
𝒓 = −𝒊Ƹ − 𝟑𝒋Ƹ − 𝟓𝒌 ෡
b) Write the direction cosines of the line in which the II Car is travelling
𝒙−𝟐 𝒚−𝟒 𝒛−𝟔
The line is 𝟏
=
𝟑
=
𝟓
Director ratios : 1 : 3 : 5
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
The Direction cosines of are: 𝟐+ 𝟐+ 𝟐
, 𝟐+ 𝟐+ 𝟐
,
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐+ 𝟑 𝟐+ 𝟓 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
The Direction cosines of are: , ,
𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
 c) Find the shortest distance between the two lines in which the cars are travelling
𝒙+𝟏 𝒚+𝟑 𝒛+𝟓 𝒙−𝟐 𝒚−𝟒 𝒛−𝟔
The given lines are = = and = =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
The vector equation of lines in which the cars are travelling are:
෡ + 𝝀 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓𝒋Ƹ + 𝟕𝒌
𝒓 = −𝒊Ƹ − 𝟑𝒋Ƹ − 𝟓𝒌 ෡ and
෡ + 𝝀 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌
𝒓 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌 ෡
෡
𝒂𝟏 = −𝒊Ƹ − 𝟑𝒋Ƹ − 𝟓𝒌 ෡
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔𝒌
෡
𝒃𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓𝒋Ƹ + 𝟕𝒌 ෡
𝒃𝟐 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌
෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐 − (−𝟏) 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟒 − (−𝟑 𝒋Ƹ + 𝟔 − (−𝟓) 𝒌

෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟕𝒋Ƹ + 𝟏𝟏𝒌
 ෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟕𝒋Ƹ + 𝟏𝟏𝒌
෡
𝒃𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓𝒋Ƹ + 𝟕𝒌 ෡
𝒃𝟐 = 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ + 𝟓𝒌
𝒊Ƹ 𝒋Ƹ ෡
𝒌
𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟑 𝟕 ෡ 𝟑 𝟓
𝟓 𝟕 = 𝒊Ƹ − 𝒋Ƹ +𝒌
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑
෡ 𝟗−𝟓
= 𝒊Ƹ 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟏 − 𝒋Ƹ 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟕 + 𝒌
෡
= 𝟒𝒊Ƹ − 𝟖𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌

𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟗𝟔
 ෡
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟒𝒊Ƹ − 𝟔𝒋Ƹ − 𝟖𝒌 ෡
𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟒𝒊Ƹ − 𝟖𝒋Ƹ + 𝟒𝒌
𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟗𝟔
𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 −𝟒 + −𝟖 −𝟔 + 𝟒 −𝟖
𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟏𝟔 + 𝟒𝟖 − 𝟑𝟐

𝒃𝟏 × 𝒃𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒃𝟏 ×𝒃𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 −𝒂𝟏 𝟎
Shortest Distance =
𝒃𝟏 ×𝒃𝟐
=
𝟗 =𝟎
The shortest distance between the lines is 0. Hence
the lines will intersect.
37.In a School a survey was conducted on general health of students. At the survey the
height of boys and girls were compared and the following observations were noted. 4% of
boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75 metres. Further 60% of school students are girls.
A student is selected at random from the school and found to be taller than 1.75 metres.
a) Find the probability that the selected student is a boy
I experiment : Selecting a student of the school
Let A = Event that selected student is a Boy
𝟒𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Let B = Event that selected student is a Girl
𝟔𝟎
𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
 𝟒𝟎 𝟔𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎% = 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
II experiment : Observing that height of students
Let E = Event of observing the height of students more than 1.75 m
P(E/A)= P(The student whose height is more than 1.75 m is a boy)
𝟒
P(E/A)= 𝟒% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎

P(E/B)= P(The student whose height is more than 1.75 m is a boy)

𝟏
P(E/B)= 𝟏% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
 𝟒𝟎 𝟔𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎% = 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒 𝟏
P(E/A)= 𝟒% = P(E/B)= 𝟏% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

P(the probability that the selected student whose height is more than 1.75 m is a boy)

𝑷(𝑨) × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑨
𝑷 𝑨ൗ𝑬 =
𝑷 𝑨 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑨 + 𝑷 𝑩 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑩

𝟒𝟎 𝟒 𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟖
𝑷 𝑪ൗ𝑨 =
𝟒𝟎 𝟒 𝟔𝟎 𝟏
= =
× +
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
× 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟏
b) Find the probability that the selected student is a girl
𝟒𝟎 𝟔𝟎
𝑷 𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎% = 𝑷 𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒 𝟏
P(E/A)= 𝟒% = P(E/B)= 𝟏% =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

P(the probability that the selected student whose height is more than 1.75 m is a girl)

𝑷(𝑩) × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑩
𝑷 𝑩ൗ𝑬 =
𝑷 𝑨 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑨 + 𝑷 𝑩 × 𝑷 𝑬ൗ𝑩

𝟔𝟎 𝟏 𝟔𝟎
×
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟑
𝑷 𝑪ൗ𝑨 =
𝟒𝟎 𝟒 𝟔𝟎 𝟏
= =
× + ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟏