Gazi University 27.04.

2021
Department of Chemical Engineering
2020-2021 Spring Semester
ChE-222 Fluid Mechanics

Problem Set-3- HOMEWORK 4

Question 9
Deadline: 3 May, 2021 at 17:00 p.m.

1. Moist air (a mixture of dry air and water vapor) enters the dehumidifier at the rate of 600 lbm/hr. Liquid
water drains out of the dehumidifier at a rate of 3.0 lbm/hr, as shown in Fig.1. Determine the mass flow
rate of the dry air and the water vapor leaving the dehumidifier.

Fig.1. Schematic of Q.1.

2. A steam turbine generator unit used to produce electricity. Assume the steam enters a turbine with a
velocity of 30 m/s and enthalpy, h1 of 3348 kJ/kg. The steam leaves the turbine as a mixture of vapour and
liquid having a velocity of 60 m/s and an enthalpy of 2550 kJ/kg. The flow through the turbine is adiabatic
and changes in elevations are negligible. Determine the work output involved per unit mass of steam
through flow.

3. A pump delivers water at a steady rate of 300 gal/min as shown in Fig.2. Just upstream of the pump
(section 1) where the pipe diameter is 3.5 in., the pressure is 18 psi. Just downstream of the pump (section
2) where the pipe diameter is 1 in., the pressure is 60 psi. The change in water elevation across the pump
is zero. The rise in internal energy of water U2-U1, associated with a temperature rise across the pump is
93 ft.lb/lbm. The pumping process is considered to be adiabatic. Determine the power (hp) required by the
pump.
 Fig.2. Schematic of Q.3.
4. A 100 ft wide river with a flowrate of 2400ft3/s flows over a rock pile 1. A pump takes water at 60 oF
from a large reservoir and delivers it to the bottom of an open elevated tank 25 ft above the reservoir
surface through a 3-in. I.D. pipe. The inlet to the pump is located 10 ft below the water surface, and the
water level in the tank is constant at 160 ft above the reservoir surface. The pump delivers 150 gal/min. If
the total loss of energy due to friction in the piping system is 35 ft-lbf/lb, calculate the horsepower required
to pump. The pump –motor set has an overall efficiency of 55 percent.

5. Water is pumped from a reservoir to a storage tank at top of a building by means of a centrifugal pump.
There is a 200-ft difference in elevation between the two water surfaces. The inlet pipe at the reservoir is
8.0 ft below the surface, and local conditions are such that level is substantially constant. The storage tank
is vented to the atmosphere and the liquid level is maintained constant. The inlet pipe to the storage tank
is 6 ft below the surface. It is desired to maintain a flow of water in to the tank of 625 gal/min. Water
temperature is 68 F. If the pump-motor set has an overall efficiency of 60 percent, and the total loss of
energy due to friction in the piping system is 35 ftlbf/lbm, what would the pumping costs be in dollars per
day if electricity costs $0.08/kWhr?
6. 15 gal/min of % 98 H2SO4 solution at 68 °F is pumped from a feed tank at atmospheric
pressure to a tank where the pressure is 70.0 kPa gage. The surface of the sulphuric acid in the
second tank is 3.0 m above the level of storage tank. The pump has an efficiency of 70 %.
Pressure developed by the pump is 164.0 kPa. Calculate;
(a) Power of the pump in kW.
(b) Frictional losses in the system per unit mass of fluid.

7. In a hydraulic project a cast-iron pipe having an inside diameter of 0.156 m and a 305-m
length is used to drain waste-water at 293K. The available head is 4.57 m of water. Neglecting
any losses in fittings and joints in the pipe, calculate the flow rate in m3/s. (the physical
properties of liquid will be taken for pure water.)The solution is trial and error, since the velocity
appears in NRe, which is needed to determine the friction factor. As a first trial, assume that
v=1.7 m/s).

8. An oil having a density of 833 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 3.3x10-3 Pa.s is pumped from an open
tank to a pressurized tank held at 345 kPa gauge. The oil is pumped from an inlet at the side of
the open tank through a line of commercial steel pipe having an inside diameter of 0.07792 m
at the rate of 3.494x10-3 m3 /s. The length of straight pipe is 122m and the pipe contains two
elbows (90o) and a globe valve half open. The level of the liquid in the open tank is 20m above
the liquid level in the pressurized tank. The pump efficiency is 65%. Calculate the kW power
of the pump.

9. Hot water in an open storage tank at 82.20C is being pumped at the rate of 0.379 m3/min from
this storage tank. The line from the storage tank to the pump suction is 6.1 m of 2-in. Schedule
40 steel pipe and it contains three elbows. The discharge line after the pump is 61 m of 2-in.
pipe and contains two elbows. Water discharges to the atmosphere at a height of 6.1 m above
the water level in the storage tank.
a. Calculate all frictional losses ΣF.
b. Make a mechanical-energy balance and calculate of the pump in J/kg. s W
c. What is the kW power of the pump if its efficiency is 75%?
10. A house is located near a freshwater lake. The homeowner decides to install a pump near
the lake to deliver 25gal/min water to a tank adjacent to the house. The water can be used for
sprinkling lawn facilities. For the system sketched in the following figure, determine the pump
power required. Efficiency of the pump is 75%. Calculations will be done in SI Unit system.

11. As shown in figure, water flows through the pipe. If the contraction loss is half a velocity
head based on the velocity at B, calculate the velocity in feet per second and diameter in inches
at B. Neglect the pressure drop due to friction.

12. Mineral oil is being pumped from one tank to another at an average velocity of 1.35 m/s
through 4 in Sch. 40 commercial steel pipe. Total Friction Loss in the pipeline is equivalent to
the loss in 470 m straight pipe. The point of discharge into the elevated tank is 20m above the
surface of the other tank. Both tanks are open to the atmosphere. Specific gravity of the oil at
15°C and 50°C are 0.96 and0.89 and viscosities are 3.43 Pa.s and 0.187 Pa.s respectively.
Efficiency of the pump is 50%.
(a) What is the pump power in kW if the oil is carried out at 15°C?
(b) The power of the pump is 12.0 kW when it is carried at 50°C. If amount of steam required
for heating the fluid from 15°C to 50°C is 1000 kg/h and cost of the steam is 8.0 YTL/ton and
electricity cost is 0.16 YTL/kW-h, is it economical to transport the fluid after heating?
13. Water is transported from an overhead tank to another one as it is shown in the following
Figure. Viscosity of water is 1.0 cp, density is 998 kg/m3. Velocity of the fluid in 3 in. pipe is
0.6 m/s and friction loss in 2 in straight pipe is 10.93 J/kg. Calculate total friction loss for the
flow path from tankB to tankA.

14. Figure 3 shows an arrangement for pumping n-pentane (ρ=39.3lbm/ft3) at 250C from one
tank to another, through a vertical distance of 40 ft. All piping is 3-in. I.D. Assume that the
overall frictional losses in the pipes are given by:

For simplicity, however, you may ignore friction in the short length of pipe leading to the pump
inlet. Also , the pump and its motor have a combined efficiency of 75%. If the mean velocity
Um is 25 ft/s, determine the following;
(a)The power required to drive the pump
(b)The pressure at the inlet of the pump, and compare it with 10.3 psia, which is the vapor
pressure of n-pentane at 25 °C.
(c)The pressure at the pump exit.

15. Methane gas is being pumped through a 305-m length of 52.5-mm-ID steel pipe at the rate
of 41.0 kg/ m2s. The inlet pressure is p1=345 kPa abs. Assume isothermal flow at 288.8K.
Calculate the pressure p2 at the end of the pipe. The viscosity is 1.04x10-5 Pa.s.

16. Nitrogen gas is being pumped through 4-in Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe for a distance
8500m at a rate of 7.40x10-4kg/s. Flow is assumed to be isothermal. Viscosity is 1.77x10-5Pa.s
and the average density of nitrogen through pipeline is 2.15kg/m3. If the ratio of of inlet pressure
to exit pressure is 1/2; what will be the pressure of nitrogen at the inlet and discharge end of the
pipeline?
17. Figure given below shows a concrete tank that is to be filled with water form an adjacent
river in order to provide supply of water for the sprinklers on a golf course. The level of the
river H ft above the base of the tank, and the sort connecting pipe, which has negligible frictional
loss, discharges water at a height D ft above the base of the tank. The inside cross-sectional area
of the discharge line is a = 0.1 ft2, and that of the tank is A= 1000.0 ft2.
a) Derive an algebraic expression for the discharge velocity and time t required to fill the tank
up to the level of discharge line.
b) Find t in hr, if H= 10 ft and D= 4 ft.

18. A paint factory keeps its solvents stored in vented (open to the atmosphere) tanks on the
second floor of its mixing building. One particular tank contains linseed oil that is fed through
a pipe to a mixing tank on the first floor through a commercial steel pipe of equivalent length
of 23m. The bottom of the oil tank is 4.6m above the point of discharge into the open mix tank.
Calculate the minimum pipe diameter that will ensure a flow of 10 gal/min to the mixer.
Neglect the head of fluid in the oil tank.
a)Express pipe diameter to nearest commercial size of Sch. 40 pipe.
b) Viscosity of linseed oil = 15 cp.
c) Specific gravity of oil =0.92.

19. A heat exchanger contains 400 commercial steel tube having an inside diameter of 10 mm.
Water is pumped through this heat exchanger at a total rate of 0.04 m3/s .Water flows inside the
tubes. Density and viscosity of water at an average temperature 25 0C, are 997 kg/m3 and 0.89
cp. Calculate;
a- pressure drop in heat exchanger due to friction
b- the power loss in W due to this pressure drop.
20.Water is being pumped in the process using 8 in Sch. 40 commercial steel piping in suction
line and 6 in Sch. 40 in discharge line at 25oC. If the power of the pump is 3.73kW, calculate
the average velocity in pipe 1 (η=0.70).
PS: Use SI unit system in your calculation.

21. Water at 20ºC is being pumped from a tank to the top of an absorbtion column at a pressure
of 1 atm gauge. The tank is vented to the atmosphere and the liquid level in the tank is kept
constant. The flow rate of the water is 142 L/min. The pipe used is 2in. Sch 40 commercial steel
pipe. Total friction loss in the flow path is 2.4 J/kg. If 1/8 hp (horse power) pump of 72%
efficiency is used, what must be the height H in m of the surface of the water in the tank relative
to the datum plane ?

22. In the following figure, the U tube is used to remove water in the tank. The friction loss in
the tube can be neglected. Calculate,
(a) The discharge rate of water at point 2 which is open to the atmosphere.
(b) The pressure of the fluid at point A.

23. Water is being pumped from the sea level to the top of mountain which is 920 m high. 1 in.
Schedule 40 pipe is used in this flow path. Pipe length is 1150 m and the mass flow rate is 1.36
kg/s. The barometric pressure at the top of the mountain is 0.8 atm. Equivalent length for
fittings, valves, entrance and exit losses is 60 m. Efficiency of the pump is 75%.
(a) Calculate the power of the pump.
(b) If the cost of electricity is 0.35 YTL/ kW-hr, what is the yearly operational cost on a 24
hrs/day and 300 days/year?
You may use the following equation, if needed, to calculate f:
f = 0.0014 + 0.125 / ( NRe )0.32
ρwater: 1cp
μwater: 1000kg/m3
Barometric pressure at the sea level is 1.0atm.

24. Crude oil flows through a 2 in-sch 40 steel pipe. Specific gravity of oil is 0.78 and viscosity
is 5.1 cp. Total length of the pipe is 240 m and the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet
section is 54.2 kPa. Calculate the amount of fluid flowing through the pipe in a day.
25. A pump carries 0.0057m3/s of brine solution having a density of 1.15g/cm3 from an open
feed tank having a large cross-sectional area. The pipe used in the suction line is 3.5 in. Sch.40
pipe and in discharge line from the pump is 2 in. Sch.40 pipe. The discharged flow goes to an
open overhead tank. Flow is turbulent.
(a) If the pressure developed by the pump is 3.05x105Pa, find the power of the pump in kW.
Pump efficiency is 70%.
(b) If the friction loss in the piping system are 53.85J/kg, what is the elevation difference
between the surface of the water in the feed tank and discharge end.
(c) If the friction loss in suction line is 5.0 J/kg and level of the water in the feed tank is 5m
above the suction line, what is the pressure at the inlet of the pump?

26. Water at 25oC is pumped from a reservoir to a storage tank. This pipe line contains three,
90o elbows, one wide open globe valve, a heat exchanger and a flow measuring device. Friction
loss due to flow measuring device, expansion and contraction is equivalent to the loss in 5.0m
straight pipe. Pressure drop in heat exchanger which causes friction loss is 13900Pa., the flow
rate is 0.379m3/min and pipe is 2 in. Sch.40 commercial steel pipe. Length of the pipe is 50m.
Calculate sum of all friction loss in this pipeline.

27. As shown in Fig.4. Determine the direction of flow and head loss associated with the flow
across the rock pile.

Fig.4. Schematic of Q.27.

28. Oil (SG=0.9) flows downward through a vertical pipe contraction as shown in Fig.4. If the
mercury manometer reading, h, is 100 mm, determine the volume flowrate for frictionless flow.
Is the actual flowrate more or less than the frictionless value.