ZOOLOGY PROJECT

• Title
• Introduction about the topic
• Aim and objective
• Materials and methods
• Result and discussion
• Conclusion
 TITLE A SURVEY-BASED STUDY ON PEPTIC
ULCERS AND THE EFFECT OF DIETARY
AND LIFESTYLE CHOICES ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PEPTIC ULCERS.

2
 NAME – TULASIE RAMAKRISHNA

ROLL NO – 121320053025

CLASS – BSc 3N ANZC

3
 INTRODUCTION

WHAT ARE PEPTIC ULCERS?

Peptic ulcers are lesions in the mucosal layer of GI
(gastrointestinal) system in stomach or duodenum
caused by digestive action of pepsin or gastric acids .
CLASSIFICATION
Peptic ulcer is classified into gastric
& duodenal
• Gastric ulcer- Gastric ulcer tend to
occur in the lesser curvature of the
stomach, near the pylorus.
• Duodenal ulcer -Peptic ulcers are
more likely to occur in the
duodenum than in the stomach.
 CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCERS
• The most common cause of ulcers is infection of the stomach by
bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H pylori). The following
factors raise your risk for peptic ulcers:

• Drinking too much alcohol

• Regular use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or other

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco

• Radiation treatments

• Stress

• A rare condition, called Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, causes

stomach and duodenal ulcers.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS
 TREATEMENT
A few anti- ulcer drugs in the
market

9
HERBAL TREATMENT
For thousands of years, Homo sapiens have relied on traditional medicine. Man began to learn from and rely on nature
in his daily activities. . Many herbs, nutrients, and plant products have been discovered to play a role in protecting or
healing stomach and Peptic Ulcers. Antiulcer ingredients include flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins.
Some herbs and their anti-ulcer activity-
• Aloe Vera: Aloe Vera is a member of the Liliaceae family and is commonly referred to as “Aloe gel." It’s
called as “Kettle” in the local language and may be found throughout India.

• Azadirecta Indica (Neem): The antiulcer and cytoprotective effects of Azadirecta Indica (neem) stem bark extract
were investigated in albino rats.

10
 • Hibiscus Rosa sinensis: Hibiscus Rosa sinensis is also known as the changing rose (Malvaceae). Chembarathi is
the name given to it by the locals.

• Annona squamosa: Annona squamosa (annonaceae) is commonly known as “custard apple “. It is cultivated in
gardens all over India which is locally called as sitapalam

11
 RDA – NORMAL HUMAN
DIET THERAPY 1600 KCAL / DAY

12
ULCER DIET
• Eat five or six small meals each day.
• Add more polyphenol-rich foods
• Fiber to your diet
• Cut back on fatty foods
• Use of food fibres in peptic ulcer treatment - Fibres produce different physiological effects in the organism. Soluble fibres, found
in apple, oatmeal, and pear are responsible, for instance, for an increased viscosity in the intestine. Insoluble fibres (whole grains,
granola, flaxseed) increase stool bulk and make faecal elimination easier and quicker.
• Use of probiotics in peptic ulcer
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can provide health benefits when consumed. They are found in fermented foods like yogurt and
sauerkraut, as well as supplements.
The most common probiotic strains are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These strains have been shown to promote gut health,
improve digestion, and boost immunity.

13
 FOODS TO EAT & AVOID

14
 AIM AND
OBJECTIVES
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

TO DO AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ABOUT PEPTIC ULCERS

AND THE EFFECT OF DIETARY CHOICES AND LIFESTYLE
CHOICES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEPTIC ULCERS.
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

CASE STUDIES SURVEY

10 case studies of patients suffering A survey was conducted among
from peptic ulcer disease were studied people of age groups 18 to 70 about
and assessed. peptic ulcers and it received about
115 responses .

18
 CASE
STUDIES
RESULTS BASED ON THE CASE STUDIES OBSERVED:
A few case studies of peptic ulcer were observed and the following was analysed:
• 70 % of the cases were between the age groups of 35 – 80 years.

• Most of the patients were female.

20
• Nausea, digestive discomfort was found to be one of the most common symptoms followed by pain in abdomen.

• Bad lifestyle habits for almost all cases was one of the most common cause for occurrence of peptic ulcers.

21
• A few other causes were found to be lack of sleep, allergies and other co-existing comorbidities like
hypertension.

• Ranitidine, omeprazole was one of the common PPI’s recommended to the patients.
• Apart from the medications, patients were told to maintain a balance between healthy lifestyle and proper diet
consisting of all the essential nutrients.

22
 Link -

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yeTnzs-
SURVEY G9wheC16e2cFTIj1_XexjYwIWc5cZJupu
hDs/edit?pli=1
 A survey was conducted and data was collected and used for the study. It was conducted
SURVEY - through google form which asked about the patients' age, sex, hereditary information, causes,
agents of aggravation, dietary approaches, and whether it had an impact on their quality of life.

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
 Common food allergies – • Potatoes
• Peanuts • Pollen
• Yeast • Artificial food coloring
• Grass • Dust
• Mushroom and fungi • Milk
34
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
❖ CASE STUDIES –
According to the case studies , most of the patients had –

• Bad lifestyle habits, which was one of the most common cause for occurrence of peptic ulcers other than
H.pylori
A few other causes were:
• lack of sleep
• allergies
• other co-existing comorbidities like asthma, diabetes etc.
• Metronidazole, Ranitidine, Omeprazole along with a combination with nutritious, balanced diet, lifestyle
modifications was found to be very effective in the cure, depending on the severity of the case
 ❖ SURVEY-
A survey was conducted and data was collected and used for the study. At the end of the study we found that the most
common causes include
• Stress
• Hormonal Imbalance
• Dietary habits
• Allergic reactions
• Lack of awareness in general
• Age
• Gender
• Smoking
• Drinking
• lower social position
• Metabolic disorders
 CONCLUSION
The major cause along with Pylori was found to be usage of NSAID’s( Non steroidal anti
inflammatory drugs) unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits, mental health issues such stress
in almost all the patients. The present healthcare system is particularly keen on primary
prevention, and it is important to understand the data regarding those who are currently at
risk in order to accomplish primary prevention. The incidence of peptic ulcers has been
linked to a variety of risk factors. Everyone should be made aware of it starting in their
adolescent years.

37
THANK YOU
LECTURER COORDINATOR
MS. SRAVANTHI SANGAM