M(t)

d d = MM
V=
∆t

∆t = t − t
∆t M (t )
m.s−1
 T
V=
µ

m
µ kg.m−1 µ=
L
√
V= g.h
m.s−2 N.kg−1

m.s−1

S(t) M(t + τ )

τ
d SM d
V= = V=
∆t (t + τ ) − t τ

τ
yS (t) = yM (t + τ )
yM (t) = yS (t − τ )

τ
 t = 40 ms
t0 = 0

t = 10 ms

yS (t) = yM (t − 0, 4) yS (t) = yM (t + 0, 04) yM (t) = yS (t − 0, 04) yM (t) = yS (t + 0, 04)

 ☞

☞
☞
λ

☞
☞

☞
Ne
N = k.Ne

Sh = 5 ms.div−1
1
T = 4div.Sh = 20 ms ⇒ N = ⇒ N = 50 Hz
T
 ν
• M4
M3 •

M2 •

M1 •
λ λ
λ
T
M1 M2 M2 M3 M1 M3 M1 M4 λ
M1 M2 M3

λ
λ λ
λν 4.10−2
T T
M1 M2 M2 M3 λ M1 M3 λ

λ
T
v
λ = v.T =
ν
☞ λ (m)
☞ T (s)
☞ ν (Hz)
☞ v (m/s)

☞ λ ∈Z
λ
☞ ∈Z
2
 v = 2 m.s−1
(10Hz)

a
a

a = 0, 1 m a = 0, 3 m

v
λ = 0, 2 m λ a>λ
ν

a≤λ

a≤λ λ
λ
a

☞
 •

☞
☞
 λ

λ
10.λ ≤ a ≤ 100.λ
 ν

λ
λ
V= = λ.ν
T
ν

c = 299792458 m.s−1
λ

10 nm ≤ λ ≤ 400 nm

800 nm ≤ λ ≤ 1000 µm
 λ = 610 nm
D = 1, 5 m

µm

1 θ
m−1
a
θ

θ θ

1
θ = f( )
a
λ

L/2 L
tan θ = θ tan θ θ θ=
D 2.D

µm

1
m−1 1.104 8, 3.103 5.103 4.103
a
θ 6, 3.10−3 5, 3.10−3 3, 3.10−3 2, 5.10−3
 θ(10−3 rad)

1
θ = k. 6, 3
a
∆θ (5, 3 − 3, 3).10−3
k= 1 = 3
= 6, 06.10−7 m = 606 nm 4
∆( a ) (8, 3 − 5).10
λ 2
k λ θ=
a 1
(103 m−1 )
a
2 4 10

L λ 2.λ.D
θ= = L=
2.D a a

λ L
θ= θ=
a 2.D

c
n=
v
c
v
c λ0 .ν λ0
λ n= = n=
v λ.ν λ
λ0
λ
 L
•
A

H
(N) • α D
sin i = n. sin r β
I α β
n. sin r = sin i i • r • i
r K
π π
A+(
2
− r) + ( − r ) = π
2
•
J
A − (r + r ) + π = π A=r+r
D = α+β i = α+r i = β+r
D = (i − r) + (i − r ) = i + i − (r + r )
D =i+i −A n

λ0
n=
λ

i iV = iR nV > nR λV < λR
sin i = n. sin r rV < rR

A = rV + rV = rR + rR = cte rV > rR

n. sin r = sin i iV > iR

D =i+i −A iV = iR A = cte DV > DR

♠