4 Depth Control - Dec2016 - NoMM - JFE

Depth Control Procedures
WIRELINE - DEPTH CONTROL PROCEDURES

Documentation
GL_WL_DC
LMS-CSD-K_WI-01
WIRELINE - DEPTH CONTROL PROCEDURES © 2016 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 1

Depth Control
It is responsibility of
the Wireline Supervisor
to ensure proper depth
control procedures are
followed providing:
– Accuracy
– Consistency or Precision

Elevations Review
KB
DF
KB
DF
GL
Elevations Review
DF
GL
MSL
TD/PBTD

How do Drilling Rigs Record Depth?
3 methods:
– Measuring each piece of
the drill string with a
tape and adding up to
tally the results
– Using a laser measuring
device
– Using an electronic
encoder on the crown
sheave to record depth

How do Drilling Rigs Record Depth?
Wireline Log is compared
with the drilling depths
– Total Depth
– Casing Depths

Depth Measurement Principles
Depth measurement will be
more accurate in a well:
– Shallow
– Vertical
– Using calibrated measuring
head
– Using a seasoned cable
– Logging centralized tools
THIS IS RARELY THE CASE

Depth Measurement Errors
Wheels wear
Permanent stretch
Deviated wells / heavy mud
Ice or mud build up
Slippage between wireline
and measuring wheel
Wireline and measuring head
alignment

Depth Measurement Errors
Wireline unit moving
Upper sheave moving
– Any upper sheave
movement will double the
depth difference
– Upper sheave moving by 4
m will cause a 8 m depth
shift

Depth Measurement Errors - Summary
Depth errors can get quite large due to:
– Improper operation procedures
– Errors in the depth measuring system
– Properties of the wireline, tools and wellbore

Wireline Depth Measurement Principles
Cable passes through a measuring head
Cable contacts a precise measuring wheel which
rotates as the line moves
One revolution of the measuring wheel results in a
linear distance equaling the circumference of the
wheel
C = πD
Wireline Encoders
Depth is recorded through an encoder
– Many different arrangements of the measuring depth
systems
– They all will have one depth encoder (or 2)

Wireline Encoders
Usually the depth encoder is electronic
But it also can be mechanically driven
Mechanical Depth

Electronic Depth Encoder
A device designed to convert rotation into electrical
pulses

How Does the Encoder Work?






Depth Encoder

Measuring Head

Measuring Head Pre-Job Check
Verify that:
– Kerr head is properly and securely attached to the spooling
arm
– Measuring wheels are clean and that no groove has been
worn into the surface
Check all the wheels for:
– Looseness and play
– Out-of-roundness
– Worn or rough sounding bearings

Verify that the depth
system is working
– Turn the wheel and
observe the Kerr panel
and backup display
unit to indicate cable
movement
– Set depth panel to
zero

Mark stationary spot
Mark Wheel
Rotate wheel one
revolution

Ensure that one rotation equals 2 ft

Measuring Head Post-Job Maintenance
Thoroughly clean and dry the device as soon as
possible
– Avoids problems caused from borehole residues
DO NOT pressure wash!

Measuring Head Monthly Maintenance
Visually inspect the electrical connectors of the
encoders and electronic load axle for:
– Dirt / Moisture
– Evidence of insulation breakdown
– Clean or replace as necessary
– Install dust caps on the connectors if the cables are
removed

Inspect all wheels for signs of:
– Abnormal wear
– Diameter changes
– Shaft / bearing play
Measuring wheels should be:
– 7.639” - 7.640" in diameter
– 2ft circumference (609.6 mm)
– Replace if there is a groove of more than 0.005"

Shallow grooved tension wheel should be:
– 5" in diameter at the bottom of the groove
– Replace if it is worn more than .010"
Deep grooved tension wheel should be:
– 4.375" in diameter at the bottom of groove
– Replace if it is worn more than .010"

Deep Grooved High Standard Shallow Grooved

Tension Wheel Tension Wheel

Grease all the wheels fitted

Kerr Panel – Main Screen

Kerr Panel – Depth Screen

Kerr Panel – Tension Screen

Kerr Panel – Alarms Screen

Kerr Panel – Automatic Correction Screen

Kerr Panel – Setup Screen

Kerr Panel
Kerr Panel uses a simple theoretical stretch algorithm
based on:
– Tool and wireline weight
– Does not take into account downhole drag
Automatic stretch corrections must be disabled
– Stretch corrections must be calculated using Depth Control
Procedures
– Manually entered into the Kerr panel

Shim Correction
Adjusts the depth measurement off the ideal depth which uses
an ideal circumference
Shim correction is measured in ft/1000ft or m/1000m
– Positive or negative
Shim on the Kerr panel can only be set at the beginning of a job
Kerr panel sends depth pulses to the logging system
– Must be set to send corrected depth pulses (Shim corrected)
– Not raw depth pulses (no Shim correction)
Logging system must be set up with the ideal circumference
– 2 ft and 1200 pulses/revolution

Kerr Panel

Shim Correction
Shim value can be determined
in one of three ways:
– Empirically from previous jobs by
using casing depths and
formation tops
– Previous accurate magnetic
marks
– Measuring wheel diameter and
depth of groove wear

Measuring Wheel Diameter
Remove, clean and place on a flat surface
Measure only the flat surface of the wheel (not the
groove)
Write the diameter on one of the spokes

Measuring Wheel Diameter
Diameter of the
measuring wheel should
be checked every 6
months
– Diameter should not change
with time under normal
conditions

Measuring the Groove Depth
Clean the surface of the
measure wheel
Zero the dial depth gauge
– Place it so that the needle
contacts the flat surface

Measuring the Groove Depth
Slide the gauge over the
center of the groove
Groove depth must be
measured monthly
– As the wheel is used the
groove depth will increase
– Groove Depth > 0.005”
Replace Measuring Wheel

Calculating Shim - Metric
Where:
– Shim = Kerr wheel correction in m/1000m
– WD = Wheel diameter on flat outer surface in mm
– GD = Groove depth in mm
 1640.42 
Shim =  * π(WD − 2GD ) − 1000
 1000 

Calculating Shim - Imperial
Where:
– Shim = Kerr wheel correction in ft/1000ft
– WD = Wheel diameter on flat outer surface in inches
– GD = Groove depth in inches
 
 
 500
Shim = * π(WD − 2GD ) − 1000
 12 
 
 
Shim Correction
Depth is calculated from the measuring wheel which is
spinning the fastest
– Assumes that the other wheel may be slipping
– Ideally the value for (WD – 2GD) for both wheels should be
within .0002”

Calculating Shim

Shim Calculation
What is the shim value?
Wheel Diameter 194.074 mm

Groove Depth 0.127mm

Depth Control
Two methods for depth
control
– Magnetic Marks
– Calibrated Measure Wheel

Depth Correction Methods
Use Mark-Stretch method if:
– Magnetic Marks are available
– Accuracy of marks can be validated
– New wireline is NOT being spooled off the drum
Use Calibrated Measure Wheel method if:
– Magnetic marks are not available or not trusted
– Shim value can be accurately determined
– New wireline IS being spooled off the drum

Magnetic Mark Limitations
Difficulties to get the wireline magnetically marked
Magnetic marks are not trusted
Magnetic marks get erased

Calibrated Measure Wheel Procedure
Methods to determine
the stretch correction
on bottom:
– Assume Down-Log is on
depth (Determine the
Stretch comparing it
with the Up-Log)
– Use the Stretch Sheet

Calibrated Measure Wheel Procedure –
Primary Run
Determine if the shim value has been entered in the
Kerr Panel
Zero the tool string
– Enter the correct depth into the Kerr Panel (SET DEPTH)
– Set the same depth on the Backup Display Panel
– Set the same depth on the work station
– Compact:
– Uses first measurement sensor from bottom as tool zero
– Standard:
– Uses bottom of tool string as tool zero

OH Tool Zero Reference

Depth Logger/ Bottom Log Interval
Tension Pick-up
First
Reading
Sensor 2
First BLI
Total Depth (TD) Reading 8m
Sensor 1
3.5m
Tension Pick-up = Total Depth
Depth Logger
Bottom Log Interval (BLI) Sensor 1 Tension Sensor 2
First Reading (FR)

Sensor Measure Point To Tool Zero
SEN1 3.5m SEN2 8m

Primary Run
Enter data into the Wrap-Chart
− Number of wraps and distance to the top of the drum
flange
Lower the tools about 30m
– Measure RULS
Run below casing
– Record a casing check to verify the casing depth (Difference
between Driller’s and Logger’s casing < 0.5m)
– Perform tool checks
Record a Log-Down (LD1)

Primary Run
About 100m from TD
– Measure RULB
– RULS – RULB should be < 0.3m
– If the difference is > 0.3m rig-up setup has changed.
Problem must be resolved
– Depth must be corrected
– Corrected Depth = Existing Depth + RULS - RULB

Primary Run
Record the Log-Down tension*
Run stack to bottom
– Stop the log down
– Spool out about 3m of cable
– Open Calipers
Start the Repeat Pass
Record the Surface Tension while logging up (w/calipers
opened)*
Close Calipers
Record another Log-Down (LD2)

Primary Run
Compare the two log-down passes (LD1 vs. LD2)
– If difference < 0.2m
– They are considered on-depth
– Determine the stretch (Compare the Log-Down and the
Repeat Pass)
– If difference > 0.2m or Log Down is not available
– Use Stretch Sheet
– Enter the Log-Down and Log-Up Tensions into the Stretch
Sheet
Adjust the depth using the Kerr Panel (Add / Subtract)
Primary Run
Run back to bottom
– Open Calipers
Log the Main Pass
Recheck Casing Depth
Verify that the wireline coming to the measuring head:
– Clean
– Straight line
Depth shift the Repeat Pass to match the Main Pass
Rezero
Example
Exercise
Line Type 3 Conductor (3/8”)
Total Depth 2500 m
Tool weight in fluid 800 lbs
Tension@TDdown 3500 lbs
Tension@TDup 4500 lbs

Depth Control – Subsequent Runs
(OH/CH)
Once the primary run has been completed
– All subsequent runs (OH and CH) should overlay to provide
the level of consistency demanded by the client

(OH/CH)
Zero the tool string
Run below casing
– Record a casing check to verify the casing depth
– Perform tool checks
Run stack to bottom
– Open Calipers

(OH/CH)
Record the Repeat Pass
– Compare the Gamma Ray to the primary log
– Determine the depth offset
After the Repeat Pass
– Stop the winch
– Close calipers
Adjust the depth by the depth offset value
(Add/Subtract)
Run stack to the bottom
– Open calipers
(OH/CH)
Log the Main Pass
– If the interval is short
– Further adjustments should not be required
– If the entire well is being logged
– Continue to compare the Main Pass to the Primary Pass
– Make depth corrections if required using the Kerr Panel
Depth shift the repeat pass to match the main pass

Depth Control – Subsequent Runs - Example

Depth Control – Multi-Stage Wells
Deeper wells are often drilled in
more than one stage
It is important to follow proper
techniques to ensure
consistency
Logs from previous stage must
be available for correlation

Zero the Tool
Run in hole
Record a correlation log at the bottom of the casing
– Ensure enough log data is acquired through casing
– To validate the correlation with the previous stage
Overlay the two stages to determine the depth offset

If proper depth control methods were followed on
both stages
– Depth shift required for correlation should be minimal
– Depth shift would have to be quite large (greater than 0.05%
of the depth) before concerns are raised with the customer
Input the depth shift into the Kerr panel
– Record this shift on the log header
Perform subsequent primary depth control procedure
in the open hole section

Run to bottom
– Record LD1
– Record the Repeat Pass
– Record LD2
Use the Stretch Sheet or the log-
down pass to determine the
stretch on bottom
Adjust the depth in the Kerr panel
Log the Main Pass
Verify that the casing depth
matches with previous stage

Stretch Sheet

Total Stretch Calculation
ΔL = Stretch in the cable at depth L (ft)

K = Elastic Stretch Coefficient (ft/1000 ft/1000 lb)
L = Length of cable in the hole in multiples of 1000 ft
T = Surface Tension in multiples of 1000 lb
WTF = Effective tool weight in fluid in multiples of 1000 lb
KL
ΔL = (T + WTF )
2
CH Depth Control

CH Depth Control
Primary depth control are typically NOT required
Two types of services:
– Logging Services (do not involve explosives)
– Depth Control identical to subsequent runs
– Shooting Services (involve explosives)
– Shooting Casing Collar Locator
– Shooting Gamma Ray (Gamma Gun)

CH Depth Control
Depth References
– Logging Services
Bottom of the tool string
– Shooting Services
CCL

Zeroing Example: On A Drilling Rig
Considering the depth reference as being KB: What is the
value that should be input on the Kerr as zero?
Logging Service Shooting Service
Tool Zero
OH/CH Logging Tool
Tool Length: CCL-Bottom of Gun:

21m 11m
KB Tool Zero KB
DF 0.5m DF 0.5m
10m 10m

Zeroing Example: On A Drilling Rig
KB KB
DF 0.5m DF 0.5m Tool Zero
OH/CH Logging Tool
10m 10m
21m 11m
Tool Zero
DF – Drill Floor
KB – Kelly Bushing

Zeroing Example: Rig less Operation
Tool Zero
CH Logging Tool
KB KB
DF 0.5m DF 0.5m
Tool Length:
21m CCL-Bottom of Gun:
10m 10m 11m
Tool Zero
DF – Drill Floor

Zeroing Example: Workover Rig
Tool Zero
CH Logging Tool

KB 21m KB 11m
DF 0.5m DF 0.5m
10m RF Tool Zero 10m RF

4m 4m
DF – Drill Floor
RF – Workover Rig Floor

Zeroing Example: Workover Rig
Tool Zero
CH Logging Tool
KB KB
DF 0.5m DF 0.5m
21m 11m
10m RF 10m RF
4m 4m
Tool Zero
DF – Drill Floor
RF – Workover Rig Floor

CH Depth Control
Software is designed to serve to position the guns in
the well during explosive operations
– Reduces the chances of shooting off depth
– Window: 25mm – 150mm
– Does not help correlating the logs to the primary depth
reference
Depth interval to perforate (correlation log) is chosen
by the client based on:
– Open Hole formation evaluation logs
– On older wells client may use a cased hole log

CH Depth Control
Correlation Log must be used to tie-in all explosive devices
– Gamma Gun
– Correlate to formation Gamma Ray (preferred method)
– Advantage: accurate correlation
– Disadvantage: higher cost to client
– Casing Collar Locator
– Correlate to known markers
– Advantage: little or no cost to the customer
– Disadvantage: uncertainty – if no markers, short joints
are present

CH Depth Control
What happens if the perforation interval was picked off
of an OH log and the CH log is used as the Correlation
Log at the wellsite?
Supervisor must verify and confirm that the
correlation log is on depth with the OH log over:
– Perforation interval(s)
– Depth interval(s) that will be used to correlate

CH Depth Control – Pre-Job
Ask what log the perforation depths were picked from
Obtain the Correlation Log from the client
Confirm perforating interval
Review the Correlation Log
Does it make sense to perforate this zone?
Is there a short joint or other depth markers to make
the correlation easier?
Could I have any problems correlating to this log?
If YES Discuss with your manager and the client

CH Depth Control - Pre-Job
Draw a gun sketch
– CCL to top shot of each gun
– Top shot to bottom shot
– CCL to bottom nose of gun string
– Total length of the device
Manually calculate and record on the sketch
– CCL stop depth
– Perforation interval depth

CH Depth Control - Pre-Job
Physically verify the lengths and measuring points
– Compare the measurements to the depth offset screen
– Confirm that they are the same
Visually inspect each gun is:
– Using correct size, loaded interval and densities
– Connected in the proper order
– Using the correct selective switch type

Perforating - Running in the Hole (RIH)
Zero the gun string to the CCL
point
Enter depth offset information
in WLS
While descending record a
Down Log
– Look for markers, liner top, short
joints
– Cross-check depths with well
sketch in real-time
Get on depth
– Adjust the depth in the Kerr

Perforating - Tie-in procedure
Drop below the zone and

– Always pull up for the tie-in pass
– Pull at least 3 below and 3 above
– Minimum of 6 collars over the perforation interval
Do not Tag TD unnecessarily!!!
‒ Possibility of becoming stuck
‒ Include a short joint or marker in the tie-in pass if it is within
150m of the perforating interval

DO NOT correct for depth the tie-in strip while logging
– If depth corrections must be made
– Stop logging
– Make the correction
– Start a new tie-in log

Print out your tie-in pass and compare it correlation
log
– Must match in ONE position only
– Slide one joint either way
– Look for any slight short/long joint
– If your collars still don’t match
– Re-log over a longer interval or until you have a clear
marker

CH Depth Control - CCL Correlation
Step 1: Match Print Out Step 2: Slide Step 3: Slide
and Correlation log Down one joint
Up one joint
Print-Out Correlation

Review tie-in pass with client
– At least one tie-in pass must be logged on depth before
commencing the shooting pass!
Once on depth:
– Drop down below the perforation zone
– Begin the shooting pass
– Log while slowly pulling the gun into position (15m/min)
– Record the 3 nearest collars below the CCL stop depth
– Verify that the tool is on depth with the Correlation Log

Perforating
Pull the gun assembly into position and stop
– System depth should read:
Top of the Zone Depth – CCL to top shot distance
Reconfirm that the system (WLS) provided stop
depth matches the manually calculated stop depth
on the gun sketch
Shoot the explosive device
IF YOU ARE NOT 100% SURE – DO NOT SHOOT !!

Shooting Services – OFF DEPTH
Sonde Interface Window
5 1
Current
CCL
Depth
3
2
Current
Gun
Depth
4

Shooting Services – ON DEPTH
Sonde Interface Window

Pulling Out Of Hole
Shot indications
– Tension
– Well pressure increase
– Line vibration
After perforating, keep logging up other collars

Flag your cable for next runs reference

CH Depth Control – Shooting Pass
IF YOU ARE
NOT 100%
SURE – DO
NOT SHOOT 0.8m
!!
100
100
Depth Positioning - Multiple Guns
CCL
Zone 3 2007
2010 3 ft.
Zone 2 2013
Zone 3 Zone 3
Zone 1 2017 10 ft.
2020 15 ft.
CCL Depth
27 ft.
For Shooting
2028 Zone 2
Zone 2 6 ft.
2034
2044
Zone 1
Zone 1 8 ft.
2052
Questions?

4 Depth Control - Dec2016 - NoMM - JFE

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Depth Control Procedures

WIRELINE - DEPTH CONTROL PROCEDURES

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Deep Grooved High Standard Shallow Grooved

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Wheel Diameter 194.074 mm

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Bottom Log Interval (BLI) Sensor 1 Tension Sensor 2

First Reading (FR)

SEN1 3.5m SEN2 8m

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