ENIE 441

Industrail Safety Engineering

Class-1
Dr. Khaled Hafez
What is Industrial Safety?

● Industrial safety is primarily a management activity which is concerned with:

○ Reducing hazards

○ Controlling hazards

○ Eliminating hazards
Significance of Industrial Safety

● Cost of compensation
● Cost of medical-aid
● Cost of training a new worker
● Cost of the lost time
● Cost of investigation
● Cost of spoilage of materials
● Cost of the damage of machinery
● Cost of wages payable during injury
● Cost of loss of morale
● Cost of loss to the worker and his family
Objectives of Industrial Safety

● To prevent accidents in the plant by reducing the hazard to minimum.

● To eliminate accident caused work stoppage and lost production.
● To achieve lower workmen’s compensation, insurance rates and reduce
all other direct and indirect costs of accidents.
● To prevent loss of life, permanent disability and the loss of income of worker by
eliminating causes of accidents.
● To evaluate employee’s morale by promoting safe work-place and good working
condition.
● To educate all members of the organization in continuous state of safety mindless
and to make supervision competent and intensely safety minded.
Hazard vs Risk
Hazard vs Risk

● A hazard is a inherent biological, chemical, or physical characteristic of a material,

system, process, or plant that has the potential for causing harm.
Hazard vs Risk

● A hazard is a inherent biological, chemical, or physical characteristic of a material,

system, process, or plant that has the potential for causing harm.

● Risk is the measure of potential human injury, economic loss, or environmental

impact in terms of its severity and likelihood.
Hazard vs Risk

● A hazard is a inherent biological, chemical, or physical characteristic of a material,

system, process, or plant that has the potential for causing harm.

● Risk is the measure of potential human injury, economic loss, or environmental

impact in terms of its severity and likelihood.
Hazard vs Risk

● A hazard is a inherent biological, chemical, or physical characteristic of a material,

system, process, or plant that has the potential for causing harm.

● Risk is the measure of potential human injury, economic loss, or environmental

impact in terms of its severity and likelihood.

𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 = 𝑆𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝐿𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑖ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑑

Risk Management Process

● There are four activities that can be part of an effective risk management process.

Hazard
Risk
Identification Hazard Risk
Reduction &
and Analysis Assessment
Control
Evaluation
Hazard Identification
● The first step in a risk management process is to make an inventory of the hazards in a
particular area.
Biological
Chemical Physical

Safety Ergonomic
Hazard Identification
● Hazards can be produced or can arise from many sources
within the workplace.

✓ Materials
✓ Machinery
✓ Equipment
✓ Tools
✓ Processes
✓ Physical layout of the work area
✓ Human interference
Hazard Identification: Evaluation
● When developing the inventory, the following items
should be considered for the hazards:

○ The level of exposure

○ The duration of exposure

○ The potential for, and effect of, simultaneous exposures

○ The current controls in place

Hazard Identification: Methods
● There are several tools that can be used to identify and
evaluate hazards in the workplace.

Qualitative Quantitative

• Walkthroughs • Analysis of
• Reviews of: accident/injury trends
• Incident reports • Survey measurements
• Audits • Exposure monitory
• SDS’s
• Procedure reviews
• Interviews with workers
and supervisors
Risk Reduction
● The hierarchy of control should be used when determining how
to remove a hazard from the workplace.
Risk Reduction: Elimination & Substitution
● Elimination and
substitution, while most
effective at reducing
hazards, also tend to be
the most difficult to
implement in an existing
process.
● If the process is still at the
design or development
stage, elimination and
substitution of hazards
may be inexpensive and
simple to implement.
https://images.app.goo.gl/o2AVVjadbse9ezMBA
Risk Reduction: Engineering Controls
● These types of controls
can be highly effective
and will typically be
independent of worker
interactions. The
employee will not need to
think about the control.
● The initial cost of
engineering controls
might be higher than
administrative or PPE, but
over time it can be more
cost effective.
https://images.app.goo.gl/YKLbEkP7Lpyh58au8
Risk Reduction: Administrative Controls

● These include the work rules and procedures that help minimize exposure.
○ Written Programs

○ Standard Operating Procedures

○ Training

○ Limited Exposure time

○ Job Rotation

○ Medical Surveillance https://images.app.goo.gl/pLXqVt8AeMnfkc3r6

Risk Reduction: PPE

● PPE Provides a physical barrier between the hazard and the employee.
○ Safety Glasses or Face Shields

○ Ear Plugs

○ Cut resistant gloves

○ Hard hats

○ Respirators or SCBA’s

https://images.app.goo.gl/reVedkjvMTs14uCc7
Hierarchy of Controls in Hazard Control
Risk Reduction: Other Controls

● Other risk reduction methods include:

○ Good housekeeping

○ Preventative maintenance

○ Continuous monitoring devices and alarms

○ Personal Hygiene

https://images.app.goo.gl/Af1H31CWyCzVXGKT7