ENTERTAINMENT FOR HAMS APRIL 1966"50 CENTS

73 Magazine Barefoot and All That Jazz , . "

Ken ge ts us in a ll sorts of t roub le
Six and Two Amplifier
Med ium power , ba nd switching, si mple.
.
, W7IDF , , , , . .

, . K1ell.
6
8

The Bee Eliminator , , , . , , WBVVD . 14

Wayne Green W2NSD/l No more a nte nna bees with this set -up.
The Six Meter Jewel , . . . , .. ,. , . . .. . K3PXT . 16
Publisher
A com p lete 50 watt six me ter AM tr ansmitter.
Ascendency Curve Yogis K6EDX. 20
Paul Franson WA 1CCH Au th or Coaper discu sses yagi gain , etc.
The Uhflt " . . ... . . . . " . " . WA 1CCH . 26
Ed ito r
A mu ltipurpose UHF u nit.
Home brew Perm ea b ility Tuned VFO .. W4 VRV . 30
It's simple, stc ble an d cheap.
Rece ive r VFO Co ntro lled Tran smitte r K6REU . 34
Per fect for the CW man.
The Ma tchmaker Circuit W00PA. 3B
Apri l 1966 Some ideas on au toma t ing you r a nt e nna.
Six to Two Tra nsmitting Mixer K9EID. 40
Vol. XXX VII, No. Ye p, a nother one .
1250 mc Slotted Line . . . WABC HD. 42
Find vour frequ ency, SWR, impeda nce, etc.
A Short lo o k at Propaga tion .. . . J . H. Ne lson. 46
By ou r propa ga t ion ex pe rt.
Did dleboxes " ". , W2 DXH . . , ." 48
A new approach to decade-subst itutio n boxe s .
Cove r by W ayne Pierce K3SUK. Mode rn ize Your Philco Converter ... . Wl OOP . 54
Or buil d a modern new 432mc conve rter .
Magnetic Beaming W20lU . 58
Not al l magnetica lly def lect ed tube s make pix .
Vert ica l Anten na Band Cha ng ing . ... W7 BWB. 60
Control your vertica l a nte nna remo te ly.
Choosi ng IF and Mixer Fre quencies ': . WA6 BSO. 62
ADVERTISING RATES So that you do n' t ge t birdies.
Mob ile' Burgl ar Insuran ce WA6UVS . . 66
IX 6X 12X
1 p $268 $252 $236 H a nk-Hon k- H o n k~Honk-H a nk-H onk-Honk-
A Loo k at Antennas for DX K6ZGQ . 68
U~
1!'
138
71
37
130
67
3S
122
63
33 A ve ry int e resti ng art icle. Vita l fa r Dxers.
1" 20 19 18 Some Should Do Something Abo ut . . . . K3B NS ,.~ ... , 74
Roughly, t hese ore our ram. You A ca refu l ana lysis of club ac tivit ies.
would do very we ll, if you are The Tran x Circu it K7VMV . 76
interested in advertising, to get
our offi cial rates a nd all of t he Switc h you r linea r with no tr ansce ive r mod ificat ions.
deta ils. You'll never get rich seil- Practical Doubl e Sideba nd-1966 .. . VE7BBM ... . , , 78
ing to hams, but you won' t be
quite as poor if you a dvert is. in 73. Some discu ssio n of how tooet DSB.
Two Buck Monitor.. . .. . . . . . . . . WA6K Ll. ..... 82
Cheap a nd sim p le CW mo nito r.
Contro lled Audio AVC " . " " . , . , , EI4R" ..• . 84
Excellen t AVC for CW or SSB.
One Way Dual Batt er y System. .. . . WA0A IY... .. 86
Na more de ad batte ries.
A Dyna mic Mike at low Cost Gen a ille . 88
Build you r own m ike .
Diver sity the EClSY Way : . WA2MBT. 92
Impro ve your recept ion with two antenn as.
SSB and the NC·300 . " . ., W6 HOG . 94
Better AGC, BFO a nd pr oduct detectbr .
Gus, Part 11 . W4BPD , . , 10 2
See what Gus is up to this mon t h.
73 Ma gazi ne is pu blished monthl y by li ttle Annie Ha mmy . . K3SUK. . . 124
73, I DC., Pe terb orough, N. H. 03458.
T he phone is 603-924·3873. Subscrip- Sor ry a bout that, Harvey
tion ra tes $4.00 per year, $7.00 two
years , $10 thre e years world wide. Sec-
ond class postage i, paid a t Peterbor- Editnrial -t xew Products l OS
ough , New Hampshir e and at addition- Ham Word Play' .. !) 1 Lrt t er ... . 11 0
al ma iling offices. Pr inted in Brist ol, Hirel'tional Coupler .. ~O lliulle rlil'r!ll'l 1 12
Conn " U.S.A. En tire contents ropy- wayne rirrte K3S l'K 9!l 'l' R-3 spe aker 112
right 1966 by 7.3, Inc. Pos tmasters, roAR ••••. 9S r aveat 1';mptOf 120
please send for m 3579 to 73 Ma gazine, :'or lll li ~h a n neI Preamp 100 .\ d J ndr x ... 12T
Peterborough, New Ha mpsbire. Ferrite Dr . 101 Prunagal.ion 12T

APRil 1966 I

100 Country Certificat e
As announced last month 73 will make
av aila ble a certificate for wo rking 100 coun-
tri es. Briefly, here is the do pe . All contacts
must be m ade after 1 1Ia y 1966 (0001 GMT).
Certifi cat es will be available for ph on e, C \V
and RTTY for each individual band for 100,
200. 300 and 3,50 countries. Countries will b e
th ose accep ted by ARRL , RSGB, REF, DA RC
and othe r na tional am at eur radio societies tha t
we announce. \Ve wiII ha ve a comp lete list
av ailab le for you abou t Ju ne first. Conta cts
made in an yone cal end ar year cou nt for the
en tir e year and for th e next fou r calendar
year s. 196 6 con tacts will be valid only thro ug h
1970. C ards ma y be sent to 73 with SASE for
certifi cation . \V~ will tr y to est abli sh local cer-
tification com mittees in various p arts of the
states and in other co nn tries to simplify th is
p robl em. Ea ch certificate application mu st be
accompan ied b y nne do llar or seven IRe s.
If you have any qu estions or ideas abou t
thi s write to; GUS, 7 3, Peterb orou gh , N. H .
You ca n look for Ole Gus on 7025, 7245,
14065 and 14275. Gu s can be reach ed by
p hone at 80 3-534-6485; collect calls will be
refused.
Muy first is a Su nd ay , . . it should be an
int ere sting da y on the DX b an ds. You mi gh t
spread the wor d ahead of tim e to ma ke su re
th at as m an v of th e DX stations are on that
day as possibl e. It may sound something like
a con test. You know that we will make a
particular fuss over the first certificate in each
call area and each coun try.
DX comments
Please don't feel unn cve d if I ma ke everv
effort net to get myself or 73 into th e un envi-
i 73 MAGAZ INE
de
W2NSD/l
lIev u say di e
able po sition ARRL is in with regards to th eir
classifica tions on countries. They face in solu-
able .p roblems in r unn in g DXCC ,
For in stance th ere is the litt le bu siness of
d eciding what is and what is not a country.
Any of you who have been followin g th i~
sit uation know how rid icu lous it has becom e.
If vou haven't been following it, trust me th at
it is ridiculous . ....
T hen there is the interesting ph en omen on of
the D Xp editions which aren' t reall y th ere .
This m ay be an old time honored arrange-
ment, but ap paren tly it wa s considerably p op u-
larized b y a gen tlema n ( ?) a cou ple years
back who sat in air condifirmed splendor in
nor th Africa and signed a number of calls, all
of which th e ARRL has solem nl y counted
for D XC C. The feeling seem s to be amo ng one
or tw o D Xpedition ers that as long as ARRL is
going to cou nt it as if th ey were in a country
and ther e is no one to stop th em from sign ing
the call from somewhere else;' w hy go to all
the botl}eJ..:. of goin g to that country . Indeed ,
th eir logic seems quite valid .
\Ve have also been treated to a new devel-
op men t . . . the D 'Xpedition that can' t see m to
hear the top DX crs calling them. I don' t kn ow
how m an y of th e top m en were affecte d b y
th is, b u t in a recent call Charlie, ' VIFH, ex-
plained th at this finally broke him of the D X
habit and he is off the treadmill.
Most of us have been aw are of the ARHL's
st rong bia s against phone operatio n, hu t I
doubt if any of us thought that th ey would go
so fa r as to completely cancel the ph one DXC C
award. This cer ta inly is a ma jor setback for the
SSB gang.
(continued on page 114)
 International's "nYING SHOWROOM 66"
will visit your area soon.
Welcome aboard this fabulous electronic flying display.
During 1966, Internati onal' s Martin 202 Flying Showroom will tour citi es through-
out the United States, bringing with it displays of Internati onal electronic equip-
ment and products, plus a technical staff available for consultat ion. - A space
age elect ronic show for Amateur Radio operators, radio experimenters, hobbyists,
Cit izens Radio dealers and users, commercial 2-way radio operators and manufac-
tu rers requirin g special electronic products. - If you are a manufacturer, radio
equipment dealer, Amateur or Cit izens Radio Club, or other interested groups,
we will attempt to schedule a specific tim e and date to visit your area. Watch
for announcement or write International Crystal Manufacturin g Co., Inc. for detail s.
Discuss your technical and engineering
requirements with International's staff.
See how International electronic
product s can work for you.
•, /

/S -~
~ ."

INTERNATIONAL

~
CRYST AL MFG . CO., INC .
18 North Lee
Oklahoma City, Okla. 73102
'--

APRil 1966
73 AFTER HOURS
April
Ap ril first is a traditional tim e for p ractical
jokes and mi schi evou s shenanigans. The u rge
to have fun is so great that eve n th e ed itor s
of norma lly sta id electro nics magazines some..
tim es succumb to th e d esire to sp ice their
usua l technical and serious art icles with a
small touch of whimsy.
In line with thi s trad ition , three year s ago
the Ap ril issue of 73 parodied QST. The cove r
of that issue wa s im medi at ely recogn izab le as
the s tyle used by p re-w ar QST's and m any
old er hams d id q uite a do u ble-take when th ey
saw t hat 73 on th e newsstand or when it ar-
rived at their house. Inside the m ag azine we ro
a num ber of sma ll touch es of satire, too; th e
issue was treme ndously popular with our
readers.
However, th e last tw o Apr il 73's have been
strai gh t-a t least as straigh t as 73 ever is. A
few ham s noti ced this and su gges ted id eas
for Ap ril. A nu mber thoug h t we should d o a
take-off on CQ. Well, to be per fect ly hones t,
there isn't that mu ch d istinctive abou t CQ.
T he co ver, w ith its (always) red logo could
eas ily be parodied and it wo uld n' t be hard for
a fert ile mind to have some fun with th e
colu mn head ings and th e colum ns themselves.
But basically, we were afraid that a parody
of CQ might have th e same effect on hams
tha t CQ itself d oes, and I'm su re that you'll
ag ree th at that isn't something we 'd want to
hap pen to reade rs of 73.
So not hing happ en ed . \Vell, almost nothing.
Som eone alwa ys came up with an id ea, but
always too late .
Then Barry came to work for us.
Barr y had a very fert ile imagination . In
fa ct, Barry had abou t as fertile an imagination
as anyone really need s. Barry isn't wo rkin g
her e now-I hear he we nt back to school- b ut
wh ile he was here, he suggested that . we do
a parody of Playboy.
Playboy? Ridi culous. H ow-cor why- should
4 13 MA GAZI NE
a ham ma ga zin e do an imitation of a trem en-
do usly successful college boy-rising young
ba che lor juni or exec u tive magazine? And eve n
jf anyone had see n any virtue in his sugges -
tion priva tely, giving othe r p eop le cre d it for
good id eas is not one of th e big thin gs her e
at 73, so we rid iculed h im and we n t back to ,
work. T hen Barry left.
A few months later, I had a grea t id ea . \ Vhy
not do a parody of Playboy in Ap ril? It's so
offbeat and far fetch ed that it could b e a lot
of fun . I suggested it to W ayne.
Oucb. After wha t he told me of my idea, I
di dn ' t speak to him for th ree wee ks. Luckily,
he was in E urop e those weeks, so things
weren't too str ain ed .
Whcn he came back, he told me th at he ha d
had . the be st id ea whil e he was in Germ an y.
\Vh y no t do a p ar ody on Playboy in April?
Th at w as a satire that we could re ally have
Fun with . _.
I said, "Wayne , th at's great'!" And went out
and bou gh t a cop y of Playboy (for resear ch ) .
T hen I hought and ana lyzed some more copies
(also for resear ch ) and d iscov ered what it was
th at made- Pluvbov so di stin ctive and p op ular.
Unfortun ately, ~ve could n' t use them. in 73.
So 1 took anothe r long look at th e rest of
the magazine and sen t some -fd eas down to
W avne Pierce K3SU K, who d oes a lot of car-
toonin g -and art wo rk for us. \ Vell, \ Vayne in-
vested in som e research m ateria l, too, and
Vall can see the resul ts in thi s issue. \ Ve hop e
you like it.
Cover contest ..r esults
The winner of om cover contest wa s Bob
T avlor with th e uh , unusual cover published
last month . Bob makes th ose' call lett er sweat-
shirts tha t wo w everyone at hamfests an d club
meetings. See December pa ge 103 for m ore
in form ation on them .
(continued on page 118)
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W ATERS
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WAYLAN D, MASSACH USETTS
WAT ERS QUALITY PRODUCTS ARE SOLD ON LY T HROUGH WATERS QUALIFI ED D ISTR IBU TORS
Loo k us u p a t t he A RRL Co nven t ion in Boston Apri l 22-23 -24, a nd Day t on Hamvent ion A pril 15 a nd 16 .

Barefoot and All That Jazz
A rece nt remark bv a Six that he had run
his Moh awk barefo ot all win te r brought n o
inquiry from the Bureau of I ndian Affai rs,
an d Il 'J atavistic respo n se from the small per-
centage of my cor puscles entitled to take
offense, but it left me wonde ring innocent ly
wh y th e Heath ethnolog y sec tion honors th e
North Ameri can India n so consistently and
never su gges ts to the fron t office tha t a ne w
transmitt er be called the French man , the
I talian, the Yugoslav or the New Zea lan der.
And , p arentheticall y, I do resent Ben ton H ar-
bor's view th at a Mara ud er is appropriate
compa ny for an Ap ach e, a Cherokee and th e
rest. T hat's taking side s, Paleface.
Anot her finn , World Rad io Laboratories,
avo id ed specific t riba l reference, and indeed
may or ma y not ha ve h ad redski ns in mind
when th ey decided Chief and Scout were
names with cus tomer appeal. But if these are
simp ly b rave lab els and n ot sub tly coercive
allus ions to front ier prowess, wh y not use
Min er , Policeman or Nu rse's Aid ?
With these and other q uestions in m in d I
turned to th e ca talog s an d soon d ecid ed th at
th ere's mo re to the nam ing gam e than meets
:', . .
6 73 MAGAZ I NE
Ken Cole W7l DF
P.O. Box 3
Vashon, W a sh. 98070
th e eye. Some tim es a cha nge in nomencla-
ture excites more in tere st th an the thematic
choices. O bviously in th e Joh nson Company
(T hun d erb olt, Viking, Cha llenger , Vali ant,
Ad ventu rer ) a maj or reap p raisal wa s involved
in retr en ch ing to m ere Cou rier and Messen-
gel'. I wonder what happened that day in
Waseca, Mlnnesotu? Nothin g ve ry decisive,
apparen tly, D ivisive, ra th er , for th e Valiant
C hallenger clique seems to be stick ing by its
gu ns . Mean while, unimpressed b y the arci ng
out front, sa nguine cra ftsmen in the rear of
the Joh nson shop tu rn ou t hand som e and ex-
p ens ive compo nen ts for cold -b looded p rof es-
sion al b road casters w ho are re spo nsive on ly
to sp ecificat ions, These ar tifa cts b ear no melo-
dra matic n ames, h it then n o comm ercial
mul ti-kilowa tt tran smitter is calle d Block-
buster , or Beh emoth. , Perf orman ce speaks
louder than b lurbs, bu t SOnlCbody isn't list en -
ing.
H alli cra fter seems to ha ve had de ep er
doubts abo ut lab els wit h high mu zzle veloci ty.
Their . Super Skyr ider -DeRan t- Challenger
p eriod was followed b y a gentle turn tow ard
cryp tic lett er and number combi nations, h ow-
ever a company th at starts- with Sky Bud d y
an d c.9 1~ es up rou gh ly three d ecades la ter with
Tornado! and Legionn aire! obviously think s of
itself as a swinger. So the re is st ill a re ason -
abl e po ssibil ity th at one day Ha llicrafte r will
b rea k ou t of its cryptogram p ha se with na m es
pitched to sh att er a bran dy snifte r at ten
me ters. But I trust not.
Sometimes, ((.)1" on e reason or another, it is
impossib le to de te ct a tren d , and this wou ld
seem to he true ill th e case of Cleg g. T heir
Inter ceptor is really not a nam e to conjure
with, and Venn s-an alias of Aph rod ite-is a
cu rious, mildl y dist racting ch oice. Come to
think of it, why d id th ey favo r Venus? W hy
Homan rat her th an G ree k? Rumors that an
office p art y was resp onsible, like ot he r involv-
ing defer en ce to Ge loso, owe more to frivolit y
t h en logic. Her e is a puzzle. My own gu ess
is that a sub tle-m inded exec ut ive topped off
a pe rf ect d ay with a d ouble Martini (F rench
vermouth, Dutch gin, Sp ani sh olive, It alian
name ) and ..Ill amusin g little mem o scra tch in g
Ap hrod ite. And subs tituti ng Venus. Relu c-
tant ly I' ll give him good marks for acu men ,
if not for chivalry, for it soun ds quite odd
eno ug h to rep or t, "I 'm ru n ning a Ven us b ar e-
foot," T he Aph rodite theory may be de pre-
ca ted b y the com pany, but th en I would p oint
out tha t another Clegg p rod uct is ca lled Zeu s
and the imp lica tion is th at Venus wasn't
arr ived at b y chan ce sinc e simp le consistency
wou ld h ave k ept Clegg on Ol ympu s, and very
Iikel v di d until word came down from even
higher that A. was out an d V. was m. Too
b ad .
Tu rn ing without real regret from titular
fan tasies root ed in the ethnic, m ythological
and p assabl y va lorous , we find th at a quality
of men ace is d eeme d attractive bv some exec-
ut ives. Or , to be more ca n did, th e;' have opted
for the silly in p reference to th e ridiculous.
Black widow an d Bandit are nam es that tie
for a special award plus oblivion . And u nless
it wa s conce ived. as an in congru ous tribute to
a lovely airplane Spitfire ta kes second p lace.
For com ing up with Sidewinder Gonset wi ns
a pri ze too, and if they d ecline on the sh aky
grou nd th at this term is a sla ng refer enc e to
SSB th en a p alm will b e added for mendacity .
Sidewi nder refers to a reptile. See the College
Edition of Webs te r's New Worl d D icti on ary
of th e Am eri ca n L anguage. A secon dary,
colloqu ial meaning is also giv en and I am
h ap p y to q uo te it here: "A powerfu l swing ing
blow of the fist, de livered fr om th e side." Ag-
grieved A~ l enthusias ts ma y see in this second
definition a su b tle technical va lid ity.
Ant en na namers fire sho tguns fro m the hip
and th er e is no coherency to th e results. Hor -
net, H ustler, E I T oro, :\l ;rk Something, Super
"\Iagnnm ( Antenna Speciali sts cum Smi th and
Wesson }. Kot until we come acro ss Joystick
and T rikStik d o the h ackles rise. T hese two un -
fortun at e appe llations are either offen sively
frivolous or Hu gh H ef ncrian . If the form er
then th ey do n't d eserve con sid eratio n, an d if
the la tter a det-ailed ana lys is wou ld he ina p-
prop riate ill a fam ily mngaziuc. J'1lI referri n g
to 73.
W ell the-n. if clear- cu t trend s ar c d iffi cult to
visu alize ill the nom enclature favored bv in-
di vidu al manufac turers certainl y an ine scnp-
able message appears when on e sta nds off a
bit and su rveys th e industry. T ak e a deep
breath an d ru n th e names trippin gly off the
APRIL 1966
tongue, Apa ch e! Coman ch e! T hu nd erb olt !
Thor! Viking! T orn ad o! ( Move back.) Band it!
Warrior! Spitfire! Sid ewinder! m ack Widow!
Ch allenger! Valiant! Mohawk! T he me ssag e
has Super Magnum imp act, hut I'm ahnost
too nervous to read it . The mi nd reels before
th e pan op ly of men ace and power, but d o
th ese sound like the names of refined elec-
tron ic aid s to friend ly communication? Cer-
tain ly not. A child w~u ld reco gn ize the m as
automobiles. T he T hun d erbi rd yearns for a
Thu nd erbo lt; the Apa che fits th e Fury; put
your Band it in a Barracu d a. \V arr ior and
Mu stang. T orn ado and T emp est. Spitfire and
W ildcat. Stu ffy Marks th is-and-that (issue of
Britannia and Kin g Arthu r ) ca n be accom -
moda ted b y pseu do-Cont inen ta l Mon zas,
Mon aco» and Rivieras. I nevitabl y a Galaxy
( Space is In ) p resid es in a Ford Calaxie .
Th ank s to weak stomac hs, or for some b et-
ter reason, a few companies with familiar
nam es have shown litt le inclin ation to go the
fren eti c rou te . Nati onal ( t~ (l le S\\'-3 cf h al-
lowed memory ) is one of th ese. H ammarlu nd
is an other , and indeed a sho rt but impressive
l'st of firms could b e introd uced as evidence
that th e emphatic ban ality of noisy lab els is
less th an essential to the market ing of an in -
veutorv of quality.
I n sup port of the se l ~)l dou ts one sees ind i-
cut iun s of relatively u na dorn ed ca nd or return-
ing to our m ar ketplace, of adve rtis ements em-
p hasizin g sp ecification s nntl pri ce, an d shor t
OJ l irreleva nt fireworks. Gra nte d th is imp rove-
m ent is neither ub iquitous n or J!!;celera ting
T buu d erholtwise , ye t how many of TIle latest
of our sop h isticated and eminen tly salab le
tran sceivers h ave names calcul ate d to ch ill
the b lood? I ca n' t think of any . Even ha rd -
n ose lineal'S are " being giv en l; bels you can
m en tion witho u t reminding the kids of a T V
p ro gram . D oes this me an that th e int r in sic
d iscipline and rewarding efficiency of SSB
have brought w!.t h_ th em a b onu s of m aturity?
Arc ou r ca talogs going to lose their links with
comic books, T V and D etroit ? I h op e so.
Aggressiveness sp rings from insecur ity , a11(1
the passage of ti me b rings to m ost human
end eavors a reasoned mellow ing, a climate
k ind to meri t. D efian t nalJ.l es fit we ap ons, no t
tools, F ifty yea rs ago F okker aircra ft earn ed
resp ect ill ae rial wa rfa re ; today in om' coun -
try and in ma ny others a F okker de sign h as
wo n a toug h com petitive battle for success as
a d omestic rou te airliner. It d oesn't h ave a
horrendous nam e; it' s calleo the F rien d sh ip .
7
Low cost, high power, single pole swi tching
for our most popular VHF bands. It's
good down to eigh ty m eters, too.
A Simple Sixand Two Amplif ier
H aving been called on recen tly to bui ld a
comme rcial high p ower amplifier swit chin g
from 20 to 150 mc with comp le te freque nc y
coverage for use as a laser modula tor, I wa s
ve ry temp ted to give it a whirl on th e air as
it was being tested through 50 and 144 me.
T he cus tomer wa s in a rush , th ough, so
it wa s d elivered , and anothe r was built
strictly for six an d two : altho u gh it can h e
made to work down to 80 meters wit h a mo re
expensive swit ch and more coils. The VHF
model is prob abl y of most interes t, so I'll con-
centrate on it.
Circuit
T h ere ar c three things that loom up lar ge
d ollar-wise in this six and two meter ampli-
fier : the tu be socket, the blower and the tube.
However, if you have a 4CX250 or tw o ly in g
around an d are think ing of th e poss ibi lities
of a quarter kilowatt on six and two, this de-
sign allows yo u to switch ba nd s with only one
p ole and one throw. You could also use a su r-
p lus, inexp ensive, 4X150 in this ci rcu it.
T he circu it in F ig. 1 has been used success-
fully u p to 200 me h ere . It is very hot on two
meters and even more so on six. It can be see n
Rr CI
eus
II.V.
- I) 10 - roY
Fig. 1. Sche matic of th e 4CX250 amp lifier for six
and two meter s using singl e po le switching .
• 73 MAGAZINE
Bill Hoisington K1e ll
Peterboro ug h, N.H.
to be a trough line p i network on two me te rs,
cha ngin g to a good okl coil typ e p i netw ork
on six. T he sw itc h is a slightly rework e d
(sold er Oil some strap cop per leads ) knife
bl ade copper switc h with a porcelain base awl
it sure does th e job . Used to se ll for 50 ¢ in all
the hard ware stores. Maybe still do es.
No te in th e circuit th at th e RF p late chok e
is at the low (for HF ) end of th e plate in-
d uctor, L l. This pa rticular choke h as a slig ht
abso rp tion spo t near 70 me which do es not
bother in anv wav on six and two m eters , but
can he a n uisanc e w hen working for comp le te
coverage fro m 20 to 150 me. On th e joh me n-
tioned I switched cho kes fro m the fr ont pan el
to ju mp over 70 m e.
RF outpu t circuit
--
I wou ld adv ise getting a good socke t wit h
the screen bypass built in. This capacitor is
in a circula r form around the tu be, and b e-
lieve me, th er e is nothin g like a round fla t
d isc for V HF and U HF capacitors. D Uli ng
seve ra l weeks just sp ent on th is un it ru nn ing
up aml-down b et ween 18 and 170 me m an y
times wi th all kinds of coils , switc hes an d
cap ac ito rs, no t once did it self oscillate. An d
th is is with no neutralizing at all. T he bu ilt in
screen b ypass is reall y d oin g its job of isolat-
ing the input fro m th e outp ut circuit. It als o
has ano the r job -t o do as yon will see.
A wo rd ab ou t RF cu rr en ts in screen-go d
coaxial tube s is in order h er e. El ec tro ns, as is
well known , flow hap pi ly from the ca thode of
these tubes over to th e p late, gr ea tly att ract ed
an d sp eeded tip on the ir wa y by th e hi gh
p osit ive plate voltage. F ield theory says thut
:11\ elect ro n find ing itself in a va c-uum bet ween
two conductors, one posit ive an d the othe r
negative. will accelera te and sla m into th e
 CI - 2OpI' WlDE- SPAC£D.6 PLATES 'fOTAL
(2 - 100 OR IM pl , 15QO V
LI - 2- METER PLATt LlHE OF I" WOE IlIlASS OR lXP P'ER STRAP
L2 - $ -IolET[R PLAn: COIL Of' ~~"O.o. COPPER WIRE , 3 TUl "G I- llB · OJ) .
1I0K EHCUlSlNG SOCKET
lXlPPER- a.AO BAKELITE
.. ~'-OW[R
OR T tl l", M AS S TROUGl'l ,-,"' E
6 -""" LG,4 " tllGli. " " WJ;lE II N5IOU 7
BIAS
Fig . 2 . Top an d s ide views of t he 4C X25 0 a mpl ifie r.
positive cond uctor at a remar kable Hum be r of
miles per hour, if the volt age is high . In fac t
they will get we ll up toward s th e speed of
light with mall )' thou san ds of volts.
Howeve r, th ey do not travel at the spee d
of ligh t in tubes in amateur use, and thus are
subject to th e much talked about transit tim e
effect. T he point here is th at in ord er to know
wha t is going on RF-wise in VH F and even
more so in UHF, you should differentiate be -
tween the electron flow and th e RF curre nt
flow. A positive ic ac e from the RF d rive on
the grid causes electron s to go th rough the
grid. With a few landing on it of course. At
the mome nt they go through the grid they
see the screen ahead of them wit h all th at
be autiful 250 volts p ositive on it and awa y
they go like dogs afte r the electric rabb it.
Same thing hap pens all over aga in as they
go through the screen, only th is tim e the y see
J.son volts ( minus the 2.50 of th e screen) and
really get mo ving. (T his is whe re the blower
comes in, b y the wa y ) . Arriving at the plat e
th ese elec tro ns, being little p ar ticles of nega-
tive electricity, cause th e pla te to go neg ative.
X ow, wat ch nu t. The wave-fron t created on
th e plate travels along the plat e line LI at
almost exactly the spee d of light , reaches th e
cold end of the trough line ab out a q uar ter
cycle later and t hen starts hack again, reach-
ing the opposing condu ctor th at is, the con-
du ct or in the tube that is RF -wise a ttached to
the walls of th e trough line, as is right an d
proper. But what is this opposing cond uctor?
Is it the ca thod e? Nop e. T he grid ? Guess
again. It is none other than the hig hly b y-.
p assed screen. The RF waves in the trough
line ca nnot get through the screen. The screen
APRIL 19U
""
FRONT W~ CZ (PAIIT IALJ
SECTION ~ LI END OF 80K SHOWING
NOTE - NOT SIotOWN a+ DETAILS 01' PLA.TE .. OUTPUT CONN.
IN T HIS VIEW ARE
C3 8o ,f2 WHICH AIlE
ADl1o'E C2 - SEE
SECTION VI[ W
is thus the second most important element
for the RF output , not the cathode.
Th e cathode leads need to be short for the
inpu t circuit however. So, the moral iSI p ay
at tent ion to the pla te-screen HI" circu it here
for those hun d red s of watt s out y O ll arc look-
ing for.
High power VHF tr~u gh lines
Cctnog do wn at lust to th e actual cons truc-
tion (" tin 'cut ting" ) we see in Fi g" 2 a top
view of the tro ugh line, switch and 6 mete r
coil. T he socket is moun ted in the center of
the front end whic h js 4 Inches-be, 4 inches
thin brass .022 to .025. A Hat box is also
mounted unde r the socket with a cover con-
taining th e blower pipe hole. T his cover is
fastened with four screws, which allows work
on the socket la ter if needed . A well insulated
and spaced low cap acitance grid lead is
brought out to RF C I and the grid in put ca-
pa city. Th is must be air sealed of course, as
well as all ot hers- going through th e socket
box, in order tha t th e air from the blowe r will
be forced througlv th e socket, which is de-
sign ed for that purp ose. T he air continues on
through th e p late fins after going th rough the
socket.
T he tuning capaci tor C I sho uld be able to
take ca re of th e B plus volta ge of some 1500
volt s, or higher if you're that anxiou s. T he RF
voltage may be considerably higher than 1500
if the plat e circuit is opera ted unloaded . ( No t
ad visable for any length of time! ) D o not
make th e usual pencil t est unloaded without
havin g th at pencil on a stick! I nsulatedl T he
RF really rips out but p lenty. Not just a little
,
 AC OUTlE TS TO flLOWEA.
SCREEN SUPPl..Y, HV F LS,
,\X2 :1OB FIL. XFMR
STAI\IOBY
~>+-~ nllr-K~"YY'>~.........~
OTO -60
veers
Fig. 3. Bia s su pp ly fo r the amplifier.
spa rk but a roaring afC. Don't say I didn't
warn you .
Th e actu al plate connection is a thi n copper
strap (soft coppe r) with its ends bolted to...
ge ther. Th e plat e line, compos ed of two 1
inch stra ps at th e plat e whi ch are joined to-
gethe r abo ut 2 inches from th e plat e making:
a single strap from then on, is sold ered to th e
p lat e strap . in two pla ces as can be seen in
F ig. 2.
F ig. 2 also shows the po sitio ning of the
out put capaci tor C3 and outp ut jack J2. C2
and C3 are actually inside the fron t trough
line wall. Th e knife switch is mou nted on a
wood block about l}~ in ches which hrings it
up to level of the plate ta nk line ( 2 meters )
which is po sitlonecl in the midd le of the 4
inch high trough lin e. T he Hat ha ndl e of th e
knif e switch may he extended th roug h a front
panel. I»sulatcd! A pa nel is advised , as the
switch, L2, C2, and one end of C3 are all at
high volta ge . I used bakeli te shaft exte nd ers
and mount ed the front panel, 3/1 6 inch white
plastic, abo ut one inch in front of the front
wall of th e tro ugh line. RF C2 is 80 turn s of
No . 20 solid, cove red wire, 2 J~ inches loug,
wound on a ceramic form 3f inc h a .D.
Th at about d ocs it exce pt for a few det ai' s.
T he output end wa ll and the socke t wa ll arc
of thin brass, .02 2, some 4 by 4 inches sq uare.
Th e RF output jack is mounted on a stra p
which is soldered acro ss th e top of th e trou gh
line . You can also dose the top in with a brass
cover if you wish , and the efficiency will go
up a percent or so on 2 meters. I have n ot
d one this yet. Th e output end wa ll has a large
hole cut out in the middle (not shown ) for
the cold end of the 2 meter pla te line to he
led out side to the switch. Note th at wh en
usin g a pi ne two rk th is is onlv cold to the
extent of bein g near 50 ohms. '
Again a word of caution. I tuned this rig
up frequen cy-wi se on low voltage, ab out 250
to .500 volts. I do n't like to lose readers.
Driver and power supplies
So far I have only driven this amplifier with
the "50 Watts For $50" rig to be describe d
10
ill 73 Magazine . T he RF d rive power, that is,
grid input to the 4X250B , is listed as from 0
to 2 watts in the han dbooks, so take you r
choice as to d rivers. E ven a Sixer should do it.
I have used va rious powers on th e d river and
it see ms 10 sett le out arou nd 10 to 12 watts
DC power to the d river , wit h th e untuned
grid cir cu it, cabl e, nucl d rive r being used here.
The ca ble connec ting th e dri ver at the mo-
men t is about ;) feet loug. W ith all un tuned
grid cir cu it thi s cable can change the HF volt-
age Oil the grid up or down a conside rable
am oun t as can readi lv be seen. At or ne ar a
q uarter wave len gth -and tuned by the grid-
ca thode input capa city of th e 4X 25011 th ere
could be a lot more HF on the grid than with
a half wave on th e line where one could ex-
pe ct something like th e exciter link voltage to
he found on the grid.
Exc ite r d rive power and modulatio n of th e
dri ver should he adjusted while listening to
your own voice or with a sco pe . You'll soon
see wh y whe n yon do it.
Bias supply
\ Ve ha d some trouble at first wit h a lar ge
jump in grid bias vol tage un de r RF exci ta tion
and mod ulatio n. T his w as due to the b ias
sou rce not being "st iff" enough, and was rem e-
d ied by the bias supply shown in F ig. 3. Using
this su pply the negati ve voltage wa s 70 w ith-
out HF dri ve, 80 with drive, and ab out 85
when mod ulat ing the d river . The Va riac
shown ill the prim ary of th e bias sup ply is of
cou rse a bett er meth ocf'''<Yr regu lat in g such a
su pp ly than a potent iome te r net work in the
DC output.
Screen 'supply
Nothing fussy abo ut th e screen sup ply. Just
o to 300 volts. 50 ma, adjusted by another
Variac. The "T urn-On" switch has a 115 volt
outlet \V1iich goes to the H V Var iac, which is
in the pri ma ry of the BV tra nsforme r. T his
allows the screen and HV to be turned on at
th e same tim e.
H V supply "
Again nothing spe cial. I' m using my oId
K\V job, tapped down to 1500 volts AC max-
imum. And of course, another Variac! Cau-
tion! Do not op erate th e tube with the screen
on th e plat e off! All those electrons which ar e
supposed to go to th e plate land on the scree n
and wowie, what screen current! Very bad for
a $38 tub e,
13 MAGAZ IN E
Results
F irst, be sur e th at there is a t least 50 or so
volts negativ e bias on the grid cud that it can
be varied. Set the screen for abou t 100 to 150
volts and the p la te for say, 50 0 volts. This is
wit hou t any RF d rive . N o p la te cu rrent should
show . D rop the bias do w n ca refu lly . Pla te cur-
ren t an d scree n cur re nt sho uld begin to show.
Ad just the plate curre nt to abo ut 100 rna for
a sta rt. T hen apply drive on 6 me te rs u sin g a
d ummy load, for example a 100 watt bulb in
J2. Pl ate curr en t should jum p up to som e
20D m a o A g -iod plate dip sho uld !lOW sho w
All Band Swi tc hing?
As mentioned in th e introdu ction of this ar -
ticle, th is circuit ca n be used in a re al "all-
ban d " a mp lifier- at least clown to eigh ty
mete rs. Perusal of man y jou rn als tu rn ed u p
sev er al a rticles Oil th e 4X150 series tubes, but
most of these used 0 11 two me te rs called for
lar ge pl u mbi n g in the form of 1J~ " tubi n g
whic h is not eusv to wo rk with. None of th em ,
to my kn owl ed ge, used sw itching from two
to six-cor lower .
Being an a rd ent V HF-UBI" contr iver since
ti le pre-\V\ \'II d ays on five met er s, I ha ve
alwa ys b een slightly unuoved by a rticles an d
rigs with the ti tle "all-b and " only to find the
ra ng e to he eighty th rou gh te n. W ith th is
a mp lifier you ca n switc h from two to eighty
met ers . You ca n also b uild it out of co p per-
clad b ukelite s a nd thin b ra ss wit hou t goin g to
p lumbi ng. Fig. 4 sho ws th e circ uit when go-
ing dow n to 20 me, w hi ch I h ave do ne, or all
th e way down to 80 me te rs, w h ich I have not
don e yet. Xote particularly th e shor tin g of all
coils not used , by the multip le a rms of th e
BANOSWlTOi SHOWN IN
2- METER Pos ITION -
ROTATE Cl.OCK- W1SE
TO CliA.NGE 9AHOS
'"
Fig . 4 . "Al l ba nd" ve rsion of t he a m plifier.
A PRIL 1966
unde r re son ance on ro tating C 1 with C2 a t
maximum. Ad just C 2 for load , returnin g with
C l. T his p i ne twor k should ad jus t nic ely from
a la rge p lat e d ip a n d litt le RF ou tp ut with
C2 a t ma ximum, throu gh a maximum RF out
at the p rop er sett ing, an d on to very flat or no
tu nin g at all with C2 at minimum . This last is
not' the p lace to leave C 2 an d pl ate current
will b e h eavy. A little p racti ce will show you
h ow to opera te the pi ne t. The max im um RF
outpu t p oint is very noticeable ove r q uit e a
na rr ow ra nge at or near the p rop er sett ing for
C2. On 2 m eters of cour se the re will be a
g reat deal less of C2 for m axim um ou tp ut.
Her e's the cont inuous coverage 2 0- L5.0 mc la se r
m odu lato r th a t led to ' the simple r six and two
a mpl ifier.
swit ch , a nd th e ..switching in of ad di tio na l
load ing ca p acit ors as th e wavelength in -
creases.
S I is shown in the 2 me te r p osition . T he
Radi o Switch Co rp . of Marlboro , N .J" m akes
excellen t units- of th is type in a variety of
sizes. P ersonally, I h ave alwa ys favored one
complete operating p osition p er b an d , but
th is rig m ay ch a nge that . A com p lete rig pe r
b an d can get a little exp ensive, w hich is w hy
I like Co mpac tro ns an d the sim p lest typ e of
rigs pos sibl e. I like to sit do wn a t a table and
h ave th e 2 m et er a nten na connect ed to the 2
me ter rig, the 2 me ter conv e rte r, et c. \ Vell,
th a t is for you to d ecide, an d thi s switc hing
amplifier gives useful food for th ou ght. If you
ge t up b eyond the 500 volt, 10 0 watt class,
th e modula tors ge t cu mb ersom e, so on e bi g
mo dula tor could be sw itche d . You h ave to
su it your self on th is comp lex q uestion.
11

Mobile Antenna
Here ' 5 the greate s t advan ce in
mobil e hi story • • th e L ance r 1000
roted for 1000 wott s DC in put or
2000 wott s P. E. P. SSB (inp ut to
th e fin al). Now e n;oy the ult im ate
in 5..ban d mobile DX' ;ng with one
de pe ndabl e hig h pow er rate d ant en-
n a featuring:
(1 ) Inte rchongeabl e co ils for you r
fovorite bands 15, 20, 40, 75/ 80.
» »
(2 ) Dire ct cou pling on 10 me ters.
(3) Mosle y-de signed co rona ring at
antenn a ti p for e l imination o f
co rona pow er los s e s. (4) Capaci t y
coupl e d top whip section for max i-
mum antenna effi ciency. (5) 52 ohm
impeda nce. (6) VSWR 1.5/1 or le ss
on all band s. (7) Hinged whip for
eas y fold-o ve r. ,(8) L o we r antenna
sec tion re v er ses to provide cho ice
of hinge u s e on trunk or bumper.
FOR MORE INFORMATI ON WRI TE:
( code no. 95A)
JIL.Ie¥ ~.ac.
4 6 10 N . L IN D B E R GH BL V D. , BR I D GETO N MO . 6 30 42
12
Now check for good modu lation using a
tuned d iode, tran sistor am plifier, and p added
earpho nes as expla ined in pr evious articles .
Thi s litt le system allows you to hear yourse lf
as othe rs hear you!
There are s~\'eral ad jus tments for an A),I
linear. T he amount of RF d rive is important;
the fixed bins on the grid; th e amo unt of
dr iver mod ulation ; the scree n voltage; and th e
RF load ing of the plate circuit. 'I'heeffects of
these are read ily heard while listen ing on the
"svstem" . All handbooks on A\ 1 lin eal'S men-
tion the adjustme nts as "critical" . If you try
to put one on th e air without li.s1en illg to it
YOflrself , this cou ld be true. But if you have
the mean s to hear what is going out, then I
do not ag ree. I have left th e adj ust ments alone
for we eks and still OK. ylodulation report s,
"E xce llent," "mod ula tion a litt le heavy but
good, " and so on . Don't forg et that an A\I
linear is 66% efficient RF -wise under dri ver
modulation . No t 33% as sometimes mentioned
by han db ooks. Some of th em ( handbooks)
h~vc only com mitted "sins of omission" by
just men tionin g th e 33% and not say ing any-
th ing: ab out th e 66%.
Thi s article mainly con cerns obtaining 6
and 2 met er RF with a low-cost simple swi tch.
This it do es! I -h uvc recei ved various rep orts
running from "an increase of 1 S unit," to
"yon W Cl II up 3 to 4 S units" comp arin g th e
linear with th e 50 watt set . Also, I have by
no mean s pushed it yet, ru nning only about
200 ma and 1000 volts maximum so far . ' ViII
tr y high level. modu la tion-end more power
lat er. After all, th is bottle ( ceramic it's tru e )
is conserv atively listed at 250 wa tts output in
the tube handbooks, so, we'll see.
. . . KICLL
· A sc o pe is recommended . E d it o r .
_That Pretty Anodizing
Man v fellows who build gear for themselves
are very happy when they get hold of some
of the beau tiful anodized alumin um th at is
available. It make s attractive construc tion
projects, hut they un fortunately often work
ver y poorly. Th e culp rit is tha t beautiful finish.
Aluminum an odizing form s one of th e finest
insulators known, It is almost glass-hard and
ha s excellent d ielectric strength. So when you
used anod ized alu minu m, scra pe it th orou ghl y
any place you expe ct electrical contact to exist.
Don't rel y on tooth ed lockw ash ers. Remo ve
the finish' by sand ing un til you see th at ug ly
ba re alum inu m .
. . . Jack Bayha W 811PY
13 MAGAZ IN E
;
 -...............-.--........--
.....
....

8eam~H
Advanced
Matc~in~ S~stemk
ADDeD Gain
VJf1"Jl..
llJlJl
/f'l] 01
e ssi trt <lJ) <lJ) You' ve bee n he ar ing a bo ut it - mayb"
~\')JllIllli))QJ IU UlUl you've, worke d Carl Mos ley W¢FQY -
'The Old Man Hims el f' us ing it, Now he re it 'is •• • A Re volution ar y Ne w
3- element beam featuri ng an advance d Mosley· engin eer ed matchi ng sy s-
tem ca lled 'B road Bond C ap ac it ive Matc hing' wit h coa x fed, bala nced
elem ent for more efflc le nt bea m performance and extra gai n over comp e re-
ti ve 3· e le me nt beams. A New Tri-Ba nd beam rat ed for 1 KW AM/ CW & 2
KW P. E. P . input to t he fina l amp lifie r SSB on 10, 15, & 20 mete rs; with
a full 8 db. ga in on a ll t hree ba nds ove r refere nce dipo le ( 10. 1 db. com-
pared to i sotropic s ource); a ma ximum front-to-beck • •• •• •••• •••••
• • • The C LASSIC 33 • • • Thi s new rugged beam in t he Mos le y Tr a p-
Most er tradi ti on of quali t y beams bri ngs you al l the exc lu si ve feat ures
of hig h pric ed beams - added gain , improved boom to element and mast
clamping; wide r elemen t spaci ng. Pri ce d well within your budget . What
more coul d you poss ibly wa nt in a 3- e le ment T ri- Band beam? . . . . • • •
• , • For F urthe r Informat ion Wri t e Co de 97 • ••

46 10 N . LINO B E RGH BL V D . ,
6R I DG ETO N M O. 6 3042

APRIL 1966 1l
 ,

I
r
I
\

14 73 MAGA ZI NE
 Ha rtland Smith W8 WD
467 Park Aven ue
•
' .
Birm ingh a m, Michi ga n
The
Bee Eliminator
Tired of having t o p romote ant euu a ra rsmg
or lower ing bees whe never you w ant to tr y a
new beam or rep air an ailing sky wi re? The
Bee E limin ator will free yo u forever from the
need for bo rrow ed muscles when it is tower
wr estling time. Constructed of rea dily ava il-
able materia l, this simple device offers th e ad-
van tage s of a tilt -over tower at a fraction of
the tilt-ove r tow er's cos t.
Th e p roto type illu strated in the accompany -
ing photo and sketc he s consists of a V-sha pe d
wood en supp ort and several piece s of ~" gal-
vanized pipe fashioned int o the drum and
cran k of a ha nd operated w inch. The dimen-
sion s sho wn are not critical an d so th ey may
be alt ered to suit your own requirements.
If you ca n't mount the win ch at the corner
'V 8VVD is a- self-employed mail order dealer
of [) m m film and Sli1)J1lies. lIe's tcritten many
articles for all of th e elect ronics magazines.
.--
'-... . . . "".
_-
. . . .... ...,....
, ,+-- - ..'_ _ -Jb,,-L
.....,..........-... ........
"Fig . 1. Top view of 'winch .
APR IL 1966
Fig. 2 . Side view of winch .
of th e house, as in th e au thor 's case , in crease
the length of the side boards from 8" to 20"
to provide plenty of knuckle clearance for
your cra nking hand. A red uct ion in th e crank's
len gth is not recommended , sinc e th e sho rter
you make it, th e hard er you'll ha ve to wor k
when raisin g the towe r.
A 14" stee l rod acts as a safety stop to pre-
vent the cra nk from running backwards whe n
the winch is unatt ended. T he stop sho uld
always be pu shed to th e righ t, except wh en
you are a ctu ally turn ing th e cran k. Sma ll bolts
in th e ends of th e rod keep it from acciden-
tall y slid ing out of the U-frame .
Provided the re is no more than a 400 p ound
stra in 011 th e pull ey attache d to the tower , you
can lise the Bee E liminator without modifica-
tion. Greater loads, ho wever, will require %"
nylon rop e, hea vy duty pulleys- and added
bracing of the winch box. .Manila rop e sho uld
be avoided because it lacks both th e streng th
a nd excellent weathering properties of p oly-
"ethylene and nyl on. . \ V8VVD
'TCM'E!I CRAHI<£O DOWN ,
RE-"D'f TO BE LOWERED
V4" POLY£nfYt..E7£
Wll\TE!I- SKIINO "OPE
Fig. 3. Met hod of stringi ng rope between tower
a nd winch.
IS

The Six Meter Jewel
A com plete six mete!' VFO controlled
fifty w att transmitter.
"Well, the rig here is home brew." A re-
qu est for additional inform ati on rev eals the
following : Pow er supp ly, modulator, excit er
and vfo are on sep arate chassis com plete with
int erconn ectin g cables.
Since manv ham s do not ha ve rack mounted
equipmen t, 'the resulti ng conglomeration of
cables and chassis is usuall y not scenic. The
average ham, by na ture a pro crastin ator, never
q uite gets aroun d to removing the ha yw ire
appearance whic h is no rma lly generated in his
anxiety to get the new rig on th e air.
If signal report s arc satisfa ctory, appearance
be darned! Th e rig works swe ll ( the ultim at e
goal ) so why worry. If anything goes wro ng
with th e rig , we'll take care of it th en . .
Pictured here is a 6 me te r gem des ign ed
and constru cted bv W3G~IA and K3PXT.
Two identical units have been cons truc ted, th e
only variation between th e two is a result of
parts ava ilab le,
As to funct ion- K3FYn , harm onic of PXT,
K3PXT is all emp loyee of the Frankford A r-
senal. Metrology and Colibration Group. Th e
Jewel is a club station ( K3W Bl) project for
rome of the club members.
16
Carmen Dioda t i K3 PXT
9 3 N. Hillt op Drive
Churchvi lle, Po .
Phot os by W3 1KH
can attest to 7 states the first da y of operati on,
and ha s sin ce wor ked 23 confirmed states with
very litt le effort. Signal reports were: You' re
,5-9' plu s, lots o£ QR\I on ybttf freq uency om,
hut you're pounding righ t through, absolutely
no difficu lty copying your station, beautif ul
clean crisp signa l, etc. In gene ral reports have
been such -thut ~lYL is kept b usy sewing on
the shirt buttons.
Th e cost of this unit is negligible since most
of the p art s have been salvaged from dis-
carded idiot boxes. Parts not available from
passe boob- tubes were purchased surplus.
xtost imp ortan t is the feeling of pride with
the statement, "Well th e rig here is home-
brew," while su rveying th e ne at compact rig
that you have built and are ope rating .
Circuit description
The power supply uses a single transfor mer
for both low and high voltag e. The low voltage
sectio n uses two 6AX4's in a full wave recti -
fier circuit. Ca pacitor input insure s minimum
hum in the audio circuits. The high voltage
circuit consists of a 5U4, combined with the
rectifying elements of the 6AX4's as a bridge
71 MAGAZIN i
 """-~
RELAY

5163 6 1-. 6
~ L4

ex

(3) 1"1540

.,.
,.., •
L --1.~·:-S}·--~~!·····---)+600

Fig. 1. The Six Mete r Jewel rf se ct ion and modu lator .

circuit. Choke input p rovid es good regu lati on using th ree stages of HC amplification before
for the 6 146 . A dpst switch removes th e de a dir ect cou pled hot cathode paraphase am pli-
voltages from th e plates of a ll tubes for stand - Her, which feeds a pair of old reliable 6L6's,
by op eration, while simultane ously deenergtz- operating class AB1, forplate modulation . T he
iug the Dow Key ant relay. umb vpassed cathodes of the am plifier com -
The rf section uses a 5763 as uu elect ron bined with the dire ct coupled pa raphase am-
coupled H artley oscillator which tunes from p lifier, results in excellent frequency response.
8.3 to 9 me. Th e tuned circu it of the oscillator Most imp ortant. however, is the eliminat ion of
is load ed with a high C to L rat io for good an interstage tran sform er 's spac e'jmd cost.
sta bility. A volta ge regulat or sup plies th e
screen grid ( oscillator plate ) which is elect ron
coupled to the p late circuit. This elect ron
coupling isolates the oscillat or from the fol-
lowing stages. Th e combined high C to L
ra tio. volt age reg ulation and electron coupling
resu lts in a ve rv sta ble vfo with effectivelv
negligible frequen cy shift. .
T he p late circuit of thi s sta ge is a freq ue ncy
trip ler, capacitance coupled to the following
do ubler stage. Th e dou bler is in t\1 1"11 capaci-
tance coupled to the input of th e final at the
operating frequ en cy, with a very health y 4
to 5 ma of grid d rive th rough out th e entire
6 met er band. Th e outp ut of the final utili zes
th e ver y flexible pi -coup led network for
gr eater ha rmon ic attenuati on , and relatively
cons ta nt imp edance thro ugho ut th e ent ire
band. An add itiona1 adva ntage to this method
of coupling is that it ma y be used at some
future dat e as the input to an amplifier for
additional power. when deemed necessar y.
z The modulator section is straig ht forwa rd. Bottom view of the Six Met e r Jewel.

APRIL 1966 17
Construction
T he com p lete transm itt er is con stru ct ed on
a 12 x 10 x 3" cha ssis. T he fr ont p an el is 12
x 8". It s sole p urpose is to mount the meter s.
Th e me ter at the left is the mo du la tion in di-
cator wh ich at th e time the pi ctures we re
taken was no t wired in becau se of th e author's
inabili ty to scro unge th e necessary d iod es at
the time. This met er is used to asce rta in th at
modu la tion does not excee d 100 %, thus avold -
ing sp la tter and distortion. The ce nter meter
is th e final amplifier p late cur ren t an d th e
meter to the righ t is th e final grid . Using th e
p rop er sh un ts, m ultip liers, and swit ch , on e
met er ca n b e us ed to m onito r these cir cu its.
The individ ual meters p rovid e simultaneous
monitoring of th e imp ort an t circu its and an
instant indication of an v d ifficulties th at mav
ar ise d urin g tran sm issiOl;S.
T he oscillator di al (l ower cen ter ) is a Na-
tional Vel vet Vern ier drive . This u nit requ ires
no mecha n ica l change and is mou nte d d irect ly
to a H ammerlund ~ I C 50S va riable ca pacitor.
Th e d ial is marked 0 to 100. A ca libration
chart may b e used for frequ en cy id ent ification,
or the spot swi tch tech niq u e of zero b eating
th e receiver can h e used to d etermine fre-
q ue ncy within the calibration acc uracy of th e
recei ver. T he latter method , of course , is th e
,
mos t practi cal.
The 6 146 final is mounted in a h orizon tal
18
p osition be n eath the chassis. Sma ll holes
spa ced ~ inch apart on the top and side of
chassis p rovid e sufficient ve n tila tion for cool-
ing. T his m ethod of mo un ting th e final m ak es
efficien t use of space that wou ld norm ally b e
wasted .
In gen era l, the la yout is simp le. Th ere is
n o crowding of com po ne nt p arts, am ple room
for wiring an d solde ring, no r is the rig co n-
structed elevator fa shi on (l evel on level ) as
can b e seen fr om the photos; p ra cticall y all
comp on en t pa rt s are eas ily accessib le for tr ou -
ble shootin g wh en requ ire d .
Calibration and ad justment
The rf section is ad justed for p rop er fre-
q uen cy stage b y stage with the aid of a grid
. di p m eter. Th e over m odula tion indication
meter is adj uste d as follow s: speaking nor-
ma lly in to the microphone ad just the mo d u la-
tion con trol un til th e need le deflect s sharp ly
upwards at speec h p eaks. T he up ward swing
of the me ter now indicates th at modu lation is
in excess of 1001 . No w slow ly hun b ack th e
mod ulation cont ro l to th e p oint where met er
movement no lon ger occu rs at p eaks.
The me ter eflectlvelv elim inates the need
for a scope for- mod uia tion adjust ment and
p ermits easy ad just ment for obtaining 100 %
mod ula tion wi th n o fuss.
Top view of the Six
Meter J ewel.
73 M AGAZIN E
 •••• 52
oest
(

~ ..,

E TO 6All4

E TO ALL cmIER FlU.

Fig. 2 . Powe r section of th e Six Me te r J e wel. o

T he filaments sho uld be set to on, at least
o
a half hour before op eration to ascertain min i-
mum d rift of the oscillator , however, th e 0 0 00
L~ L":l L"> '-":l
longer th e filaments are on the more sta ble th e ";ci.,; ci
ODt'-<:l "l
oscillator. Set the T ra ns. Hec. switch to T ran s. o
and adjust the tripler tun ing and doubler tun-
ing for max imum grid drive. Adjus t the plate
tuning for mini mum plate current and th e
plate load ing for maximum indi cation. Alter-
nat e bet ween the two until a p lat e current of
120 rna is ob tained.
.. .. .. . .
~2 ~$

when cha ng ing fre q uency. it is not neces- SEES

sary to retune the tran smitter unless the grid
current d rop s below 3 rna ; it is only essential
o CtCt ~~;i!.
M

to redip the plate tunin g and adjust the pla te

load ing. ~ 0'
...... 0'
...... (-

";' '';'0 0
0'0'
....
..
:::: g:--~
Conclusion ««
This rig as constructed is ideally suited for L":l L'" L":l ol) O OC L':! OQ0 0 0 0
0 0 O t'-L':! O Q Cl ll) lI) lI)L"')

the ham wh o has a limi ted op era ting space, e-)o ...io;r; 0) 0 Loj"; ...ici air-:
.... .... .... Ct ........ .... Ct~"'1'~
~
its size is such th at it is ea sily transported from
Qth to Qth during periods of mobility (vaca-
tions, et c. ).
It is the wri ter's intenti on to coristruct trans-
mitters of thi s typ e for several bands, each
transmitter complete ly independent , yet capa -
ble of driving an amplifier for g reater p ower
when deemed necessarv.
Most important a l)l:eakdown in one trans-
mitter will not curtail opera ting activities for "' .. ,.. .... ... ...... 1-0 ........
$.3 2 ~ :l$ $ $.s.s.s2
more th an a sing le band. Meanwhil e we'll look "' 0> " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0> ''' 0> 0> 0;> 0> '''
E E5 5 s s a a S S E 5
for you on 6 mete rs. CtCt ~ ~CtC:>C'lC:> ,",<OC:>C'l
;''' ~ ~
. . . K 3PX T Q Q

Coil Table
Ll. Osc ill at or , 9 tu rns n u m b er 20 on %," ceram ic f or m .
T app ed th ir d turn f r om col d end.
L2. TripIer, Like L1, but no t ap .
L3 . Dou b le r , 5 t urns ,#1 8. 1.:2" d iamete r. %" lon g.
LA. P lat e , 5 turns # 14, ~4" d iameter, %" lon g .
RFCI. 6 t urns ';:-22. ~~" d ia m e ter . sp a ced wire diam e te r .
RFC2 , 3. Ohmite Z50.

A PRIL 1966 19
A formula for optimum spaced -
optimum gain parasitic antennas
The Ascendency Curve Yagi
When the Ja panese physicist, D oct or Yagi,
released his d esign formulae for the now
famous an te nna des ign which car ries his name,
a new era in directional, narrow ban d , rela-
tively high ga in ant enna p erf orm anc e w as
born .
In the nearl y th ree decades that have followed
man y an arde nt an tenn a man has att emp ted
to imp rov e or re fine th e b asic yagi formul ae
and some have me t with varying degr ees of
success.
Most recen tly, althoug h the period extend s
back more tha n ten yea rs, th e ve ry lon g-many
eleme nt ed versi on kn own variously as the L on g
John and long yagi ha s ca pture d the spot -
ligh t ill amateur antenna d esign circles.
r
on
'rc
"n
f-- - - ----il.'
f-- - - - -- - - - - ---JI·
I • IIlIlO VSWR " H ER, IIIOOEL 43
Tl'l • 100 Iof... 0UTPUf 0IlI 222.5 Me
"' - 8' · -..., OF CUlIENT IlllEA9.FIE~ IN 0iARTS NQ.I, 2 , 3
A- 8 · n ST RNfGE PATH ( 2'0 fT.1
Fig. 1. Test se t up for the a nte nna mea su rements
desc ribed in the text.
20
Robe rt Coope r K6 EDX/W5K HT
c/o Vo lley Vision , Inc.
P.O. Box 407 9
Modesto. Ca lifornia
T his antenna d esign , sporti ng six or more
parasiti c elements, has d eve lop ed alo ng th e
th eoretical lin es of "if a litt le bit is good, a lot
is bett er"; referri ng to the total n umber of in
line clements in the antenna plane.
Unfortuna tely th is is not alwa ys tru e. The
mere presence , of ad ditional elemen ts is no
guaran tee tha t p erform an ce of the an tenna
will imp rove . And in fact th e con verse has
been found to be tru e if the de sign er is not
extreme ly care ful as to wh ere he p laces his
elements and how th ey in te r-act with other
eleme nts in th e same or -sootlar pl an es,
Very brief ly, th e basis for any p arasitic
an tenna is th e dr iven element or d ipole . \ Vith
the addition of a longe r-than-d ri-ven element
elemen t - ( the reflect or ) the rad iation pattern
of th e di pole chan ges from hi-d irectional to
un i-dire ct ional. And th e characteristic fee d
imp ed ance of the d rive n element cha nges; it
lowers.
W ith- the addition of the first shorter-than-
driven elem ent elemen t (the di rector ) th e
rad iation pattern of th e antenna changes still
further , narrowing in th e fro nt {i.e. throug h
th e di rect or element) . An d the charac teristic
feed imped an ce changes once ag ain ; st ill
lower .
Beyond thi s point ( the three element beam )
th e add ition of parasitic elements usually takes
pla ce ahead of the first d irector. And wit h
each ad d itional di rector, the theory is that the
forward horizont al an d ve rtical radiation pat -
tern s sharpe n resulting ultimat ely in a highly
d ire ction al anten na th at radiates esse ntially
only in the forwar d d irection over a co rnpara-
73 MAGA ZI NE
tlvely narrow hori zontal and vertical field.
H owever as add itional di rectors are added
to th e antenna. ea ch on e has a corresp onding
"field effec t" on those element s already pres·
ent and ma nv of th ese eleme nts wiII in tum
ha ve an affe~t on th e characte ristic feed im-
pedan ce of th e driven element; lowering thi s
impedance still fur ther.
At some point in the addition of directors
the feed impeda nce fluctuations stabilize and
only the forward patt ern ( and to a small ex-
ten t the side lobes) are further affected as
add ition al elements are mount ed .
Inter-element relationships
Th e primary consi derati on , then, in the
car efu l design of any optimum ga in parasitic
antenn a is the car efu l derivation of the final
op erating position of th e various parasi tic ele-
ments. Int er-element relationships is of pri-
mary conce rn.
A nu mb er of text books and published
sources contain referen ce data for th e de sign
of op timum gain vagi ante nnas. If you w ill
carefully ana lyze these standard sources you
will quickly discover that no two are alike and
many differ widely in approach .
Most however claim to have reasonably co-
inciding res ults.
Anyone who has worked with pa rasitic an-
tennas is aware that two wid ely divers e sets
of dimensions for tw o ant ennas, ea ch to p er-
form over the same frequency ran ge, will de-
liver two wide ly di verse sets of perform ance
p arameters.
Our aim here is simple. To illustrate und er
carefully controlled laboratory conditions the
inter-element relationships found in p arasitic
elemen t ant ennas of up to eight elements, and
to suggest th at any VHF-UHF antenna en-
thusiast followin g the p rocedures outlined here
will have as a finished product a yagi antenna
th at sq ueezes an extr a 10 to 20 percent for-
ward gain into th e troposphere, with each
parasitic eleme nt de livering true optimum
periormanc e.
Measured inter-element relat ionships
All design work, measurement s and results
were gat hered under reasonably pure lab ora-
tory ant en na test range cond itions using the
eq uipmen t set fort h in Fi g. 1. The results here
have been du plicat ed over a wide range of
fre quencies covering 50 to 950 me and com-
parative analysis has be en performed using
both commercial and so-called standard hand-
book design ya gi antennas in the ama teur 144
APRIL 1966
Fig. 2 . The m easured current pea ks foun d in front
of th e driven element (dipo le) of th e test 222 .5
mc ya gi whe n the driven element was mo unted by
itself on th e te st boom . Note th e 3 2 inch <0 .6
wave leng th) sy mmet rica l cur ren t (power) pea ks a s
the te st rece iving d ipo le and meter were moved
away from the d riven e lernen r.
and 220 me b ands.
In each instance the test results indicat ed
an improvem ent in forw ard gain over con -
ventional existing antennas or designs va rying
from a low of ten percent on the better de -
signs to a high of 20X on those no t so good .
Heferen ce is first mad e to F ig. 2. T his illus-
trat es th e principal of measured wave fronts
or current points as found along the forward
( right an gle ) path of fire from a gamma
mat ched and resonant 222.5 me driven ele-
ment, suspended on th e test range.
A £loating refe ren ce pic k up dipole feeding
a micro -a mm eter field str ength indicator was
moved along the horizontal radiation plan e of
the dri ven element and measurements made
of th e physical distan ce between correspond-
ing: curren t peaks. Th ese distances are plotted
on chart num b er one, and they. c.9L,r espond to
0.6 wavelength in free space at the ope rating
tes t freq uency of 222 .5 me. ( N ote : 0.6 wave-
length is an observed phenomenon an d sho uld
not he confused with 0.5 wavelength current
peaks norm ally 'assum ed in antenna theor y
discussions.)
In step number two a reflector element, 5%
longer than the driv en element at the"test fre-
q uency, was mcnnted on th e same boom with
the dri ven elem ent , and a dow n-test range
field strength meter was observed while the
reflecto r was positioned for optimu m forward
gain.
In step number th ree a 2.5% shorter-tha n-
driven elemen t direct or..was mounted on th e
same boom and the identi cal down range field
strength ind icator was utilized to posi tion the
direct or in the position on the boom wh ere
op timum forwa rd gain could be measured.
In bo th step s, the addition of the reflector
and the addition of the first director. the
gamma-matched d riven element was re-tu ned
for optimum loadi ng and minimum VS\VR as
ind icat ed on a Bird thru line meter wit h a
21
2.50 milliwatt clement. I n ea ch case the VS\V n
wa s lower than 1.2 to 1 after adjustme nt.
Fig. 3 re ferences th e physical spacing of
eac h clement, wit h its neighbor or neighbors,
starting with the addition of th e re flect or ele-
m ent.
F ig. 3 should be stud ied at this time. Here
the read er will observe that as add itiona l di -
rectors, beyond the first, ar c added, and the
down ran ge relative field str ength of th e an-
tenna inc reases, various changes take p lace
in the physical spacings of the alrea dy p osi-
tioned clements and th e ga mma -match set-
ling.
Afte r the second direct or is added (i. e. the
fou r eleme nt par asitic ) th e gam ma setting
becom es uniform indi cating tha t in this par-
ticular d esign ap p roach any five or m ore ele -
men t beam (using th re e or more d irectors)
will load wi th the same gamma ( or oth er form
of matching ) setting as a four elemen t (wit h
tw o director elements).
I n F ig. 3 pay p articul ar att en tion to the
ad d itio n of the fifth d irec tor.
Keep in m ind th at in each case the addi-
tion of each clement was made solely on the
basis of locating the clemen t whe re (after all
ot her inter -elemen t relat ion ships we re com-
pen sa ted ) op t imum forward gai n r esu lted .
With the addition of the fifth director, the
human u rge to wa nt to locat e it app roxima tely
14-18 inches ah ea d of the fourth d ire cto r wa s
gre at, even though the antenna test ran ge
mea surement eq uipme nt ind icated th at op ti-
mu m gain was act ua lly nearl y 34l:i inch es
ahead of the fourth di rector .
T o th e eye, th e fifth d irector seemed to
wa nt to locat e whe re th e sixl ll sho uld go, and
a gaping hole existed in the bo om po sition
where the fifth should be!
T his p art icu lar ep isode cost us more than a
week of back tracki ng and re-bu ild ing, bu t
t he res ults always came out the same, regard-
less of suc h variously tried changes as height
of the anten na above grou nd, vertical or hori-
zon tal polarizati on , and so on .
The real surprise after th is stage of devel-
op ment came wit h the addition of the sixth
director. Ou r assump tion was th at it sho uld
locat e another 34Jf inc hes (app roximately)
ahea d of th e fifth physical director. \ Ve tri ed
th is and th e field streng th diminished. At-
tempts to position it in th e genera l area of
14-18 inches ahead of the fifth director (as
th e other prior d irec tors had spa ced ou t) m et
with a very sligh t 4% improvement in down
range field streng th.
On a h unch the sixth d irec tor was placed in
the "hole" where the fifth should have located ,
and after some .small amoun t of inter-elem en t
juggling, th e antenna ga in jumped and th e
final p ositionin g show n res ulted !

ELEMENTS/GAIN ELEW£NT LOCATIONS/ SPACINGS NOTES/ TEST RANCE READINGS

FIEl..O STRENGTH R£AtlI "lG 7 .. A

o d b GllN
I AT REC£N1NG 7E ST POINT.

0FQl..£ I REFL.ECTOIl
15.2 db GAJ~
H G.A/IoIMo\ MA70l CAPAClTOIt ADJUSTED FOR 1' 1 VSWR.
FIELD STRENGnt 2O .,A.

OIPO..E/ REFLECTOR
I DIRECTOR
7.9 d b laiN
I KY/" ~%" I GAMMA MATCH CAPIloClTOR Atl..'ISTED FOR 1' 1 VSWR.
FELD STRENGnt 47 ......

OIPOU I REfL£CTOR
2 DIRECTORS
9. 1 d b GAIN
I~'/" I ~"' lleY' 1 GAM"'A WI TCH CAI'IloCfTOR ANISTED FOR LI S' I VSWR.
FIno STRENGTH o~ ..A.

DIPOLE I REFLECTOR
a DIRECTORS
10 .1 db GAIN
I KYM' I ~Y" 1 17o/' 1 14";< I GAM ~A,iIl ATCH CAPACITOR AOJ USTMENT
FIELO ST RENGTH 80 .. A.
NOT ~ E CE S SAR Y.

DIPOLEI REFLECTOR lOre" NO GAMMA MATCIj CHANGE.

4 DIRECTORS FIELO ST RENGT H REAOING UP TO 90"A .
10.4 db GAIN

OFOLE I REFLECTOR NO GlM ~ A MATCH CHANGE. NOTE W IO£ ~ SPACED F IFT H

e DIRECTORS OIRECTOR. FIEL D STRENGTli 104 vA.
11.0 db GAIN

0lP0LE:1 REFLECTOR NO GlMlolA CHANGE. NOTE SlXTt/ OIRECTOR 8ET~N

6 OIRECTORS FOt.RTH AJC FlnH. FIELD STRENGTH 16O.,A.
13. 1 li b GAI~

Fig. 3 . Resu lts of adding ele ments to a d ipo le. Ga in is refe renced a ga inst origina l tune d dipo le.

22 73 MAGA ZINE
 Small est size ever-4¥S H x 11 ¥SW x 8 % 0.-10 Ibs.

At last a "mo bile" t ranscei ver with space saving feat ures, predominant.ly solid state,
req ui ring only .25 CUBIC FEET OF YOUR CAR SPACE.

• Maximum '12 amp ere battery ( 12 volt) drain in receiver ; final tub es do not draw even
fil ament current until mi ke button is pressed.
~-
• Instant heatin g 8042 's in fi nal provid e 100 watts PEP outp ut ( 165 watts PEP input) ;
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375 HALE A VENUE eSCOND IDO . CALIFOR NIA
. .

APRil 1966 13
 I susp ect that others have found th at the Spa cing of Dire cto r Elem en t s
fifth director in a con tro lle d enviro nment ya gi No. Di D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
belong s well ah ead (relatively) of th e fourth elements
for there are such designs in p rin t to day in in voq l
- 3-
reference b ooks. Ho wever I also suspect that 34 '~
4 34°0 86%
other designers. upon noting this fifth-p osition - 5 34% 88:sf 138%
34% 85 195 %
in g, have also assumed ( as I did ) that the
6
7 85 62 133 %
142~ 188 % 295%
sixth would also locate the same approximately 8
341j:
34 00 86 Yo67 132 00 192% 249% 297%

elon ga ted sp acing di stance ah ead of the fifth.
My extensive experimen ts indicate thi s is a
mis take for in truth the sixth goes where th e
fifth shou ld h ave gone .
This is re latively simp le to veri fy. Remove
the last director (fifth to be added-sixth in
line ) aft er the sixth to be ad ded (fifth in line )
has been p ositioned . Perform ance d rops much
out of prop ortion to the gain of the theoretical
las t d irec tor's influence.
Inter-element relationships
In Fig. 2 measured current p oints were
plotted as a func tion of physical dis tance along
the path of fire of th e drive n element.
I n F ig . 4 these sa me m easure p oint s are
referenced agains t the final pos iti ons of the ,
p arasitic elemen ts in th e six di rector (fight
element) parasitic antenna. Note carefully
whe re each element fall s re lative to the rise
an d fall of the current peaks pl ott ed before
the elemen ts w ere added and pos itioned.
N ote, if you will, th at di rec tor elements 1,
3 and 5 fall on the descending (down) sfde
of the curren t slope wh ile director eleme nts
2, 4 and 6 fall on the ascending ( up) side of
the sa me curve.
Refer to F ig. 5.
Here th e relative po sition of th ese J il e..JOl
ele me n ts is shown as a p er ce ntage of th e
p hysical dist an ce from th e top (o r star t) of
the current curve in whic h it falls.
In the eight ele ment yagi, for exam ple,
di re ctor number one is 34% doum (o r p hys ical
Spacings g iven he re are for any number of total e le-
men ts uP. to 8 wit h a 0.2 wavelength ref lector spacing
(for mcxtmum I gom). Note the "ghost e lement" In the
7 element yag i. .
Spadng f or 100 me Yogi
8 Elements 01 to 02 to 03 to D4 to D5 to D6
25.52" 35.66" 33 .28" 4294" 40.79" 34 .34"
Fig. 5. Element to element spacings a re given with
the first D1 measuremen t the d istance from t he
driven element to the first d irecto r. T he total boom
lengt h required is 18 . 1 feet. The driven element
leng t h is 55.20 inches and t he refle ctor to driven
eleme nt spacing is 2 3 .85 inches .
distance ahead) of the driven element, wh ich
represen ts the st art of th e first curve.
D irect or nu mb er two is 86% lip ( on th e
ascendi ng side) of the sam e curve.
D irector number three is 32'% down th e
second curve.
Di rector number four is 92% up the seco nd
curve. And so on.
I n ea ch case the optimum spacing of the
elements, and th eir fina l optimu m ga in set-
tings , is a clearly recogn iza ble p attern or p osi-
tionin g th at corresponds precisel y w ith th e
originall y measured 0.6 wav ele ng th rep eatin g
current peaks .emitted by ~tlte driven ele me n t
sta nd ing alone .
It is a rela tively simple matt er to reduce
these obse rvations to a form ula which will
allow th e b uild er to du p licat e th ese p erform-
ance parameters on nearly any VHF ~ UHF
frequency.
Calculating ascendency curve
(A) Determ ine the ce nter freq ue ncy of the
range yo u wish to cover. Ca lculate the
ascending-descending curve ( 0. 6 electrical
_wavelength in free space) by the following
formula :

H+t+H F
req.
492
III me
divided by 5 X 6

ti 1}E:1~1:~=~
I)IPI)L£
Co nvert to inc hes by ruult iplyi ug th e res ult
of above bv 12.
(B) This figur e, th e AI D Curve, w ill de ter-
mine the p lacement of all of your director
Fig. 4. Cu rrent peak on driven elemen t alone re la-
t ive to pos it ion of directors. clements. T h e spacing for the reflector will b e

24 73 MAGA ZINE
e9t~al to th e figure d et ermined in (A) above,
d ivided by 3. T his is 0 .2 wavelength spacing.
( C) The p lacement of all director elements
can be determined by following the table be-
low. I n thi s table, everythi ng is given in p er-
cen tages in tenus of the percentage of the
AID curve (0.6 wavelength ) d erived from
( A ) . above. For examp le, as shown below, in
an eig ht element ( 6 director ) yagi for 100 me,
the first director will be 34% dOfcn th e d e-
scend ing side of the first AID curve, as meas-
ur ed from t he dri ven clement forward. 34%
of the AID curv e of .5.96 3 feet at 100 me is
25 ..52 inch es. The first director th en falls
25.,52 inc hes ahead of th e drive~ elem~nt, at
100 me . The second dir ect or falls 86 % along
the same first AID curve, or 6 1.18 in ches
ahead of the d riven eleme nt. And th e third
d irect or fa lls 132% along th e AID curve, or on
th e daten side of the second A ID curve. At
100 me, wit h a 5.963 foot A ID curve, 132%
along th e curve Row fa lls 94.46 inches from
the driven element. And so on . Just remember
th at all calculations are in term s of the basic
AI D Curve, wh ich is com puted from (A )
above.
( D) Element lengths, from experience, is as
follows. ]f th e yagi is to p erform ove r a }f
megacycle (or smaller ) ba nd width, make the
reflect or 5% lon ger than the dr iven ele ment
and th e directors correspond ing ly 2.5 % shorter,
each tha t amo u nt short er than th e p receding
d irector (o r dri ve n elem ent in th e case of the
first di rect or ). If the yagi is a b roadband affair,
to wo rk over a 6 megacycle wide television
cha nne l, mak e the reflector 5% longer than the
driven element and each d irector 5% shor te r
th an its predecessor elem ent.
( E ) The formula for calcu lating dri ven ele-
ment length is as follows : (a ssu ming use of 1
inch or smaller diameter tubing for the driven
elem ent at frequencies lower than 45 0 mega-
cycles )
Len gth in inches = 5540
frequency in me
F ina lly, for reference sake , and purification
of the p resentation, Fig. 6 illu st ra tes the cu r-
rent peak readings made after the eight ele-
ment yagi wa s comp leted. F or re ference sake
th e dashed line is included as th e original
read ings tak en with the driven eleme n t alone.
H er e it is clear lv evident th at cu rre nt re la-
tionshi ps in the t~ansmitted wave fro nt are
largely dis tor ted an d re-pl ayed with th e addi-
tion of the parasitic elements to the sin gle
APR IL 1966
T
YAGI D-EMEHTS SliOWN IN R£ L AT!'!E POSlTto"l
T O BOTH SETS OF REAOlNGS
Fig. 6. Current peak readings made ofter t he e ight
e leme nt yogi was compl eted .
eleme n t d riven-elemen t antenna. Interest ingly
enough, the roles of th e odd nu mbered direc-
tors ( 1, 3, 5 ) and th e eve n numbered direc-
tors (2, 4, and 6 ) have reversed in this an-
ten na field compariso n. \ Vhereas the od d
number ed di re ctors for mer ly fell on the de -
scend ing sid e of the dricen-element only cu r-
rent curves, th ev now fall on the ascendin g
side of the new cu rve . And the opposite is
q ui te true for th e eve n nu mbered di rect ors,
falli ng as they do now on th e descending side
of the new se t of curves.
The logical exten sion of th is approach to
yag i antenna desi gn ' is simply this. That in
any paras itic an ten na configuration, the cu r-
ren t di strib utio n wit hin the field of th e an -
tenna is extremely critical. Th e proper phas-
ing of these antenna currents is of even
greater importanc e. Exp erien ce wit h other
yagi d esign for mulae 'ind icates that-some b ene-
fits are to be derived. fro m almost any design,
although it wou ld see m logical that hap-haz-
ard d esign ap proaches to ext re mely long ya gis
is an excel len f way to end up with less for-
ward gain and directivity tha n you m ight
reasonably expect from a well designed th ree
eleme n t an tenna.
Yagi gain, then, appears to be a matter of
d eg rees. The -aiiiateu r who w ishes to ve rify
the de sign par am et er s of an existing ya gi an-
tenn a need s only to set up a rea son ably pure
test range, and feedi ng his tes t an tenna with
a low power signal ( 100 miIliwatts is fine for
thi s purpose ), observe th e cu mulative results
as elem en ts are added" to, or moved or re-
moved from th e anten na under tes t.
Removal of an y director elemen t and a
cor respo nd ing rise in indicated field stren gth
at th e tes t receivin g site , or no chan ge at all
is a good indicati on that all is not well in th e
cu rrent ph asing region of you r parasitic yag i
antenna!
K6EDX

The Uhfit
A UHF wa vemeter, det ector, field strength met er,
mo nitor, m ultiplier, filter, concerter etc.
The ot he r day, a visito r told me th at he
wa nted to ge t on 432 me, b ut had n't becau se
it's too exp ens ive, too hard, too m uch tro uble,
t oo com pli cat ed , too di fficul t to find eq uip.
m en t and too tim e consum ing.
Tha t's rid icu lous. Anyone who can solde r can
sit do wn for a fcw minut es with a few scra ps
of met al and a few other p art s and build him-
self useful pieces of UH F equipment . T his ar-
ticle d escribes one I ca ll th e uhfit (for UH F
u nit ) .
The uhfi t can b e used for find ing band s,
t uni ng transmitt ers and antennas, monitori ng
signals, filter ing ou t unwan ted signa ls (a nd
filteri ng in wa nt ed ones ), mixing for converter
use , mu lti plying signals for local inj ection or
4"x IWx Ph:" 8 0X
4'
,-
(FEEOTIiRUI
"
Fig. l . Th e Uhfit- a UHF mu lt i-pu rpose u nit . Th is
is th e bcsic wcvemete r-fteld stre ng th meter, Modi-
fications for othe r use s are described in the text .
26
Pau l Fra nson W A1CC H
Pet e rbo rough, N.H .
test ge nerator use and ma n y other tasks.
So what is the uh fit? It's a simple tunable
trou.!?h line c:lvi,~Y tuning 2 10 to ~70 me ..Vari-
ous nccessones suc h as antenn a Jacks, di od es,
wire links, transisto rs, feed through capacitors
and ot her components ar c add ed for spe cific
pu rposes as outlined in th is article. The uhfit
cove rs the 220 m e ban d for individu alists,
UH F airc raf ts, th e 4 20-450 m e ham band , the
460 m e cit izens hand and lots of whining
rad ar.
Constru ction of the uhfit
T he uhfit is most easily made from cop per
clad lamina te board with the copp er on the
insid e, b u t it call also he mad e from other
materials. Probably brass mak es th e pr ettiest
box; copper is nice but a bi t soft. You can
ev en us e old tin cans. T in isn't the best of
cond uctors, but good sold er i; 63% tin and not
many p eople bother to lose sleep ove r tha t.
An ad van tage of solid m etal ove r the cop p er
clad boardIs that you can put a cover on the
u hfit for neatness, higher Q (p robably) , an d
to keep th e h ugs out. There will be a sma ll
ch an ge in freq ue ncy ra nge if you use a cover.
I b uilt my u hfits from the COPlJer clad board
and d id n'c . pu t a cover on because of the
mechan ical problem of ge tt in g a good elec-
trical contact.
T he cen ter conduc tor is a piece of cop per
or b rass rod about 3" lon g. You can often find
pieces of it in old T V se ts as shaf t extensions
and most hard ware stores carr y it too. Be su re
to tin th e end s of the rod and the m atching
part of the box b efore you try to stick them
together. The best soldering tool for th is- or
an y sold ering- is an Un gar 4 7 ~ wa tt long
chisel tip .
T he variable capacitor is not too criti cal. I
used a small Joh nson or IIam marlund mi nia -
ture variable in mine, an d some surplus capac-
ito rs are rea l ni ce. If you use a smaller capac-
73 MAGAZINE
 itor, the mnn mum frequen cy will he higher,
but the maximum won't change ver y mu ch
since most of the small cap acitors have abo ut
the same min imum capaci tance. Conversely, if
you use a slightly large r cap acitor , the mini-
mu m freo ue ncv will be lower than 210 me
but the. ~la xiI~ ll m freq uency wiII decreas~
q uickly since miniat ure capa citor s over about
]S pf aren't verv sma ll. See the sec tion on
other freq uenci es if vou want to fiddle.
W e're now to the point where you have to
decid e what you're goin g to lise th e uh flt for .
Chan ces arc vou'Il wan t and need the ba sic
wavcmeter -fieid streng th me ter most, so I' ll
descri be th at first .
Ft g. I and F ig. 2 show this ba sic uhfit use.
In ad dition to th e trough line cav ity, you' ll need
an rf conn ector, Some heavy wire , a diod e and
a feed throu gh ca paci tor. I like BNe connec-
tors. They are excellent ele ct rically, easy to
conn ect and discon nect, and plenti ful. You
can pay 3 .S~'\ apiece for the m surplus, but most
hams don't. Fairly modern surplus seems t o be
covered with them and a good scrounger can
get all he need s for very little. If you want
to use oth er connec tors, RCA phone type are
probably as good as an y for this use.
Th e feedthrough bypass capacitor is not
critical Values from 100 to 2000 pf seem fine.
There are ma ny different types available from
surplus, new, and fro m old TV tuners . Be
fairly gentle with them since they 're fragile.
If you wa nt to bu y a n ew one, th e Ce ntm lab
~ I FT- IOOO for 30 <' from most distributors
seems about as cheap as any .
I used a IN82 diod e in some of the uhflt s,
a I N29.5 in others, and some unmarked detec-
tor dio des in oth ers. I also tried ma ny mis-
cellaneou s computer types out of curiosity
and satisfied mv cur iosity. Stick to diod es
designed for VHF and Ui-IF use . T ransistors
Unlimited and others sell them at very rea-
sonable pri ces. Solde r these diod es quickly as
the y' re not fond of he at. VH F tran sistor collec-
tor-ba se and emitter-b ase junctions can work
well. too. if you happ en to have more VHF
transistors than VHF diodes.
The loops for the antenna input and the
diode aren't critical for most uses. You can
eve n eliminate the loops and ta p directly on
the center conduc tor if you pr efer, though
that will b road en the tuning and cha nge th e
freq uency range somewha t.
Using the uhfit wavemeter
It's very simple to use th e wavemete r once
you have it calibrated . For that, see the section
on calibration. Connec t an ant enn ae-usually a
APRil 1966
T he Uhf it . Note that t he diode is ta pped on t he
tu ning line . It was late r fou nd that a lin k was
better for most uses.
sho rt piece of wire- to the ante nna jack and a
met er to the bypass ter min al an d case of the
uhfit. Use a sensit ive meter or meter and
amp lifier (sec the article in the Janllary 73
for some exce llent amplifiers) for low power
oscilla tors and transmitt ers or a low range
voltmeter or milliamm eter for high power
tra nsmitters, bu t don't try to get too muc h or
you may bake th e diode. T hen just tune the
waveme te r for maximum output. You' ll quickly
notice that tuning is very sha rp. In fact, you' ll
probably try to figure ou t a vernier arra nge -
ment or at least u sc a b ig knob after you've
used th e uhfit for a while.
The uhfit as a field streng th meter
The same arrangement is used here. Con-
nect an an tenna to the ant enna jack and tunc
for maximum met er reading. Use any old
piece of wire for rou gh tunin g 'or-a car efulIy
made, bala nced, isolated, matched dipole for
an tenna measurem ents.
The uhfit as a monitor
T he uh fit ca n be used as a monitor of sign al
strength by connecting it to an antenna near
your transmitt er antenna . Then a me ter in
;'our shack \\liIrfell you instantl y if .somethm g
goes wro ng with th e tra nsmitte r, transmission
line , or ante nna,
You can use it as an A~'l mon itor by con-
nec ting a pair of h eadphones to the output
jack if your signal is strong. If no t strong
eno ug h, use a 1 k to I "M load resistor aeross
th e outp ut jack and amplify th e signal th ere
with an audio amp lifier such as one of th e
Lafayett e $5 tra nsistor ones. The feed throug h
ca pacitance and load resistor should be com-
patible in regards to tim e constan t; if that
sta te ment doesn't mean anything to you, don't
worry about it unle ss the audio sounds "bassy".
T hen try a larger load resistor, or smaller feed
27

HI-Q TANK WAVEMETER
Fig. 2 . T wo use s of the Uhfi t: 0 h igh Q tank to
help eliminate unwa nted frequ encies, and the
basic wovemeter.
through or check you r tra nsmitter which may
be bassy, You can also use th e uhflt as an
audio detector for the hori zontal plates of
your scope.
You ca n monitor 55 B signals with the uhfit
if you happen to have a very stable oscillator
to inject a carrier, but I wou ldn't bu ild the
uhflt just for that.
The uhfit is good for monitoring C\V if you
have eno ug h vol tage outp ut to key a sma ll
transistor oscillator.
ATV? Sure . Use the same scheme as moni-
toring AM if you like to listen to video signals.
Come to th ink of it, they tell me that some
devoted HTl'ee's can cop y teletype in their
head . Maybe ATV'ers see th e pictures when
they hear video. . •
More useful might be to connec t th e output
of the uh Bt to the Z axis of YOur scope. You
mig ht have to reverse the diode if you don't
like negat ive pictu res. For horizontal and ver-
tical sweep, yon might be able to use the
scope itself since you may be sync hed on the
60 cycle AC line in one way or ano ther in this
age of interconnected power lines. You'll prob-
ab ly have to clip off some sync pulses with
diodes or transistors and red uce the feed -
through capacitance. I haven' t tried it .
You can also use the uhfit as a slrnnle A~I
receiver for ne arb y planes or hams. D~n't for-
get th at that's not legal in the VH F contest
anymore, though .
RF filter
This use of th e uhfit requires a slight modi-
fication from th e ab ove uses. It's shown sche -
mati calIy in Fig. 2 as a hi-Q tank. Use another
rf connector and loop inst ead of th e fee d-
through and diode. Then the filter can be
used in receiving to help keep unwanted
signa ls-especially images and strong locals-
out of your converter . Use large coupling loops
for minimum degradation of your no ise figure,
and sma ll loop s for maximum rejecti on of spu-
rio us signals. These small filt ers don't work as
we ll as large, silver plated coaxial ones, of
course, hu t th ey do a p rett y good job.
aa
The sam e conside rations apply for trans-
mitting. The filters will help prevent UHF
T Vl or AF I (air for ce interference, very ba d )
if you use a varac tor mu ltiplier on 432 me
without an amplifier. D on't try to fee d too
much p ower into the uh fit. of course .
T he filter is also good for tuning up trans-
mittel'S. Put it be twe en the transmitter or
multip lier and the dum my load to make sur e
that th e p ower you're measuring is on 432 me
and no t 288 m e or somewhe re else .
Diod e multiplier
In the basic uliflt, usc a varac tor or UIIF
diode (s uch as the Amperex IN3182 at 85¢ )
and rf connector ins tead of the de tector diode
and feed through. H ere's one case where it's
good to tap onto the lin e instead of using a
loop . Feed rf into the varactor r f connector
( input) and tune the capaci tor to twice or
thrice its frequency. This provides a low level
multiplier for local injection in a converte r
or a test signal. A resistor of 47 k to 1 M from
th e low freq ue ncy side of the diode to ground
improved results for me.
Mixer-converter
,
To make a simple conver ter from the uh fit,
you 'll need two loop s w ith rf connectors, and
one loop with a UHF diod e and a low capaci-
tance feedthrou gh capacit or ( say 50 pf) . You
can eas ily ma ke a ca pacitor of that va lue from
a sma ll p iece of, do ubl e copper. clad fiber glass
laminate or ,..-hat have you. \ Vhile it isn't
critical since thi s converter isn't going to set
th e moon on fire, a conven ient arran gement
is to put the othe r loop b ehind the cen ter .
connector.
O ne rf loop is for the antenna . T he other
is for the local injection . The J ooP wit h th e
diode is th e mixer an d the output from th e
feed throu gh is your if. Reson ate a coil of wire
with the feed through capacitor at the if you
choose and use a loop of w ire to couple to
your if receiver.
Fo r narrow hand work, yo u can usc a simp le
crystal contro lled local oscillator and multi-
plier. The best if fe r this would b e a low noise
six or two met er conv erter. F or ATV , use a
simple one transistor local oscillator an d your
TV set as an if. For wide ban d, modulated
oscillator use, a su perregener ative receiver such
as the Sixer or 'Twoer or a cheap FI\.f receiver
is a good if. Good F~ I tuners ( like my Scott)
do too good a job of rejecting AI\t and yo u
lose part of the modulation.
No one cla ims that thi s type of conve r ter
73 MAGA ZI NE
 is the ultimate . Howe ver, wit h fiddling and/or
a tra nsistor pr eampli fier or tw o, it can do a
very good job.

Tun able oscillator

Th e uhfit can also be used as an oscillator
in a simple adap ta tion of th e UHF di pme ter
in the Decem be r 73. Simp ly use two fee d-
through s (as in th at ar ticle) and connec t the
collector lead about an inc h or two up on th e
ce nte r line . Use a sma ll loop for output. That
gives you a simp le UHF signal source, tu nable
local oscilla tor or low powe r transmitter. If
you wa nt to mod ulate the oscillator vou' Il act
mostl y F!vI. T ransistor oscillators ldv~ to F11.
Don 't expect too much .

Different fr equencies
If you wa nt to cov er lower frequen cies,
you r best bet is to ma ke th e box larger, the
line longer and use a larger cap acitor. I didn 't
try to get lower tha n tw o me te rs.
High er freqnencies are more fu n. For 1215
to 1300 me, make the box about one-third as
long, bu t the same wi dth an d dep th. Use a
brass screw or brass core from a broken coil
form wit h suita ble nut or bus hing as a capaci-
tor. It provides jus t the right amount of
cap acit ance as it goes into the op en top of the
lin e. Be ca reful th at it doesn' t short or you' ll
- have a half wave instead of quarter wave line
and twice th e fre quency.
For fixed freque ncy use in conve rt ers, et c.,
a glass or ceramic pi ston trimmer is fa r ea sier
to tun e th an a var iable air one since they pro-
vide at least a ten to one bandspread.
Calibration
Calibration of the uh f it is eas iest with a
tunable calibrated oscillator such as the UHF
dipmeter in th e December 73. Of course, you
need a wavemeter to calibrate that. . . Chances
are th at someo ne around you has one or the
ot her. If people who volun teer to help cali-
bra te wavemeters or d ip meters will send me
th eir names and addresses, and those wh o
want help will send a self ad dressed envelope
or po stcard, I'll try to ge t you together
properly.
TWO CATEGORIES ·TO CHOOSE FROM
St a nd a rd Duty Guyed in Heavy Duty Self Supporting
Heights of 3 7 - S4 - 88 - lOS gnd Guyed in Heights of
gnd 122 feet 37 - 54 feet (55)
71 - 88 feet (guyed)
ROHN hos these 6.IMPORTANIJ'OINTS:
Ease of Operutien-cr olle r guides betw een se ctions a ssur e
easy, safe, fri ct ion -free raising an d lo wer ing . Strength-
welded t ubular steel sections ov er la p 3 fee t a t maxi-
mum he ight for extra sturdin ess a nd streng th. Uni que
HOHN ra ising p roced u re raises all sections together-uni-
formly wit h an e qual sect ion overl ap at all heig hts!
Versatility-desi gn ed t o s u pport the l a r gest ante nn ae
with complete safety and assur an ce at any height desired!
Simple Installation-inst a ll it yo urse lf-use eit h er fla t
b ase or special ti lt ing base (illustrated a b ove ) de pe nd -
ing on y our needs. Rated and Tested - en tire line en gi-
neered so you can get· exactly the right size a nd p roperly
r ate d tow er fo r your a ntenna . T he ROHN line of to wers
is complete. Zinc Gal vanized - h ot di pped ga lv a nizi ng a
stan dard-not an extra-with all ROHN to wers! Prices
st a rt at less than $100.
SEND FOR ROHN TOWER HANDBOOK ·
_$1.25 Va lue
_ONLY $100 post pa id (speda{to readers
of thi.~ m agazine). Ne ar est
sou rc e of supply sent on re ques t. Re pre -
sen tatives world-wide t o serv e you. Wr it e
today t o:

And finally, I make no claim for any origi -

nality for any of th is, tho ugh non e is taken ROH N M anuf acturi ng Co.
from any re membera ble source as I have a P. o. Box 2 000 Peoria , Illinois

spongy mind. I also d on't claim that the uh fit.
is the ultimate in UH F eq uip me nt, but it's
simple, cheap versatile-and fun ! \Vhy else
build auy thing, . . . W AICCn
" World's LargeM EXCLU S I V E Manu fa cturer
of Towers: de"igne rs, engineers, and installers
of complete communicatio n tou·er systems."

APRIL 1966 2.

A Home-Brew
Permeability Tuned VFO
Fo r som ething like twe lve years, I' ve been
tr ying to bu ild a good VFO . Unfortu nate ly,
such is th e natu re of Genus H ammu s th at after
I built each one my re q uir ements becam e
st ricte r. A friend once told me that wha t I
wanted was a crystal-with a knob OJ I it. Ac -
tually, I've tr ied that , but the rang e is too
limit ed . I repli ed , w itt ily, that all that I needed
to build what I wanted was: a case built like
a batt leship , a d evice with p ower gain that
produced no heat, and a variable reactance
that wasn' t subject to vibra tion.
T o some extent the Features that I wan ted
ar e incorporated in the present VF O, and th e
result is pretty good. I built it ou t of scrap
mater ial using hand tools and a qu ar ter inch
power drill. Th e VFO dr ifts onIv a few cvcles
from tum on, has pl enty of bandspread a~d is
pr acti cally insensitive to vibra tion.
T he oscillat or uses basically the Clap p cir-
cuit. The cap acitive swamp ing is not as heavy
as usua lly used , but thi s seems to have no bad
effects in this ease .
Cir cuit
Th e circuit as shown has bee n tested wit h
va rious ind uctances and capacitances and os-
cillates up to 25 me. It wo uld probably work
above that frequency.
T he tra nsistors are 2N70S's. T hese are 1\PN
silicon high fre quen cy t ransistors op er ated in
this circuit at very sma ll fraction s of th eir
ra ting s. At least one manufacturer sells these
at less th an $1.50 ea ch. Other similar tra nsis-
\V4VRV is at! A ss!. Professor of EE at Clem-
son o-n leave to Oh io Slate while he's 1corking
0 11 his Ph.D . and th eir radio obse rvator y. He
likes to design and build VH F gear.
3D
Lewi s Fit ch W 4VRV
938 Nor thwest Blvd.
Co lumbus, Oh io 432 12
tors will undoubtedly work in the circuit , but
the 21'\708's are about as inexpensive as any
read ily available which have good high fre-
q uency characte ristics.
Th e oscillato r is followe d by an em itt er fol-
lowe r. Thi s is followed by a class A amplifi er
whic h is followed by another emi tt er follower
for low impedance outp ut to a cable. The
VFO shown will produce a useful voltage
ac ross a 50 ohm load . A 75 ohm load gives a
litt le mo re voltage still.
It is not, of course, necessar y to use the
p erm eabilit y tun ing sho wn with this circuit.
but th e se ries capacitanc e should be kept fair ly
high for oscilla tion to sta rt readily if a varia ble
capacitor and fixed ind uctor are used .
Mechanical details
--
The circuit is bu ilt on Vector board using
Hen clips. . Standard components we re em-
ployed throughou t, and no difficulty w as en-
co untered due to any un want ed couplings. Th e
transistors are soldered ill (a fter mount ing all
the oth er compo nents to the flea d ips ). T he
silicon ' t ra-nsistors are ver y toleran t of heat ,
h ut th e iron sho uld not be applied to the leads
for more than abo ut five seconds. That will be
more tha n en ough . No heat sinks w ere used .
Th e box used in thi s case to hou se th e unit
was made from ll" aluminum, top , bott om,
front and back, With ~" aluminum sides. Th is
is un d oub ted ly overd oing the rigi dit y bit , but
it was available. A sufficiently rigid enclosure
can he mad e from J~" aluminu m ( rack-pa nel
type) with angle stock a t the cor ners (do it
Yourse lf stock ava ilable in hard ware store or
from Sea rs, Roeb uck ) . A Minibox might do,
hut I've never found th em rigid eno ugh for
VF O's. L ook at the construction of a BC221 ,
for example.
73 MAGAZINE
T he heart of t he VFO,
L L a pe rmeab ility tun ed
coi l wound on th ick pla s-
tic stock.
Use batteries for the power supply. The
VFO freq ue ncy varies wit h voltag e and even
with a well regulated labora tory type AC sup-
ply some F:\l could be det ected as a rough
note at the 5th harmonic. Batt eries smoothed
it right ou t. T hree "D" size Rashlig ht batteri es
sh ould last q uit e a while since the drain at
4 .5 volts is 3 rna. This figure s out to a total
power inp ut to th e VFO of 13.5 milliwatts,
which is one of the mai n reasons for th e stu-
bihty. Th ere's p racti ca lly no internal heat ing.
The inductor
To keep chan ges in th e box from stretching
the coil from th e indu ct or is constructed to be
supp orted by the box at only on e point.
T he slug, which gave th e inspiration for
this mode of constru ction , is from an old Ferri-
loop stick broadcast coil ~" in diam et er, with
a 4-40 screw on on e end, and a hole the right
size to take a 4-40 screw in the other.
APRIL 1966
The bass an d up rights we re constru cted
from recta ng ular plas tic stock }~ " x W'. Th e
coil fonn itself is %" roun d p lastic. A hole W'
in dia me ter was d rilled th rough th e center of
the coil form and then smoothed slightly b y
wr apping fine sandpap er around a smaller
drill and working it back and forth until the
slug slid easily through the form. Wh en p lastic
is dr illed with a high speed dri ll it tenus to
grab and melt and otherwise beha ve bad ly,
so the dr illing: should not be rushed . Th e cen-
teri ng of the hole exactl y is not extr emely im-
p ortan t, but it should b e stra igh t and as p ar-
alle l to th e form as possib le. On e end support
was th en glued on with polystyrene cement
an d the W' hole continued throUgh th e coil
form through the support. ( Let th e ce ment
harden th oroughly first. ) Both sup por ts are
then glued to the base and th e coil form glued
to- the othe r support . After dr ying, the hole is
dr illed ba ck through th e first support and coil
form and thro ugh the rem aining support. T his
View of the transistors in
th e VFO. No te th e solid
con st ruction.
JI

wa y, all th e holes line up exactl y.
A 4-40 nut is th en put on the screw in the
slu g: and the slug is slid into the form. Th e
nut is then heated with a soldering iron until
it me lts secu rely into the sup po rt. Anot her
4-40 screw, at least tw o inc hes lon g is then
thr eaded an inch or so into a nu t, and 'W' or
so of its th readed end is libernllv smeared with
epoxy cemen t. The hole in the slug is also
smeared on the inside with epoxy cement for
about ~" . (A toothpick serves well. ) The slug,
in th e coil form , should th en be positi oned so
th at when th e nu t on th e two in ch screw is
melted into th e rema ining end the screw will
go into the hole for abo ut th e ~" th at has been
glued.
On ce asse mbled in thi s fashion, th e n uts,
screws and for m will he in align men t, and the
slug should revol ve freely for ~ .. or mor e of
trav el inside the form . Unfor tunately, once as-
sembled in thi s fashi on , it is impossible to tak e
the assembly apart without h reak ing som e-
thing , so be careful!
Th is m ay sound in volved , h ut once th e
drill ing of the form and sup p orts is complet ed
and th e pl as tic cemen t has har d ened , the re-
maining steps tak e ab out as long as it takes
to tell about them. Th e importan t thing is th e
order of asse mbly-which should he fair ly oh -
vious .
The coupl ing from the dial to the inductor
is a piece of tubing with an insid e di amet er
th at th e 4-40 screw on the slug will slide in -
side . The tubing is slotted ( with a cop ing
saw) on one en d , and built up wi th w ire on
th e other to fit th e ~" hole in the di al. A shor t
strap is soldered in to the slot in the screw on
the slug . This st rap rid es in the slot as th e
slug rid es in and out and serves to transm it
th e circ ular motion from th e dial to th e slug.
Th is me thod of construction also avoid s tra ns-
mitting any lat eral motion to th e sIng d ue to
the expansion of th e case from heat.
The w inding wa s pnt on the form and ce-
men ted with Qvdop e. Since I was onlv in ter -
es ted in proving a point, ra ther than .{bs olute
linearit y, onl y an approximati on wa s made to
a wind ing that would give the ultimat e in
linearity. Even so, one revol u tion of the screw
1%
Fig. I . A Ho me Brew Per meabili ty
Tu ned VFO. See text for L1. A ll
transistors a re 2 N7 0 8 . Batte ry vo lt -
age is not crit ica l; a 4.2 vo lt mercu ry
ba ttery is rec ommended for be st per-
formance .
gives 35 kc at one end of the ran ge ( 5 m e )
and 50 lee at th e oth er end (5.8 mc ) with the
winding as show n. F urther adjust me nt of the
spa cing: of th e wind ing before glu ing wo uld
. have imp roved that. This pa rticular fr equ ency
range mixes wit h m y 9 me filter output fo r
eventual use at 50 me.
The winding in use is twent y-seven tl101S
of # 2 2 enamelled wir e . The first ten turns are
close-wound, and th e next seve nteen with
gradually in cre asing spa cing. The spacing be-
tw een th e last few turn s is ab out ::in".
Results
The resulting tu ned circu it is temper ature
sensitive be cause th e d imens ions of the ferr ite
slug are temperatu re sensitive. However, th e
inpu t to all four transistors is around a tenth
of a watt, and th e oscillator shows no discern -
able drift cause d h y internal heating durin g
op eration.
Uncomp ensated for temperature, th e VF O
was tak en from a cold car into a heat ed room,
honked to a counter and turned on. The d rift
was down in frequen cy an~rsteady, about ten
cyc les per minu te. The VF O wa s turned off
and left in th e room for a couple of hours.
Tu rne d on again , after rea chi ng room tem -
peratu re: the tot al d rift was 150 cycles in 24
ho urs from a cold start . If the temper ature
whe re the VF O is to be used is not stea dy ,
some form of temp er ature" - com pe nsa tion
should _b~ . employed. Ne ga tive temperature
coefficient capacito rs sho uld d o ni ce ly here.
As currentlv constructe d, the VFO ha s sev-
era l drawbacks . T here wa sn't enough hea vy
aluminum avai lable to build the hox big
en ough to put a good turn -count d ial 0 11 it.
A ten turn Bevode x dia l ha s been tried , but
is not entirely sa tisfactory. The output volta ge
is onlv a volt or so 1TI1S. For use with a mixer,
th is i~ enough voltage, but if th e VFO is to
d rive a crystal oscillator stage, another stage
of am plificat ion w ill be needed . The inp ut re-
sistor in the grid circuit of such an amp lifier
stage cou ld be 100 oh ms or so, the reb y re-
moving the ne cessit y for neu tralization.
. . W4VRV
71 MAGAZI NE
 New Webster
"Circle W" quality symbol
heralds the

high power
antenna at a
lowpower
•
pnce
Now ... BIG-K . . . basicall y an impr oved
version of t he wel l-known Top-sider mobi le
ant enna but with ONE-KW (p.e.p.) coi ls
and pr iced t o represent except iona l val ue.

New t echn iques and large qua nt ity pro-

duction have lowered manufacturi ng costs PRICE INFORMATION
WMW·B •
whi le mai nt ain ing highest quality. All of Fold-over mast and adjustable whip for KW
t he sav i ngs ar e being passed a lo ng to coils. 93" long (Bumper)• .• • . .• •. .• . 13.50
th e c usto mer. Compare these pric es WMW_D
for a KW-rated mobile antenna! rotc-over mast and adjusta ble whip for KW
coils. 77" (Deck mount)•. ••• • . . • .•.. 13.50
There will be only one type of coil- KW·80
BIG-K - IOOO watts p.e.p. f or all bands (ex 1 kilowatt , 75 meter coiL . . . ... • . ,. , . 8.95
cept t he coi l for 160-meters which is' 300 KW·40
1 kilowatt, 40 meter coil 8.95
watts p.e.p.). The basic ant enna remai ns
KW·ZIJ
t he same wit h the exception th at the 1 kilowatt, 20 meter coil .. . .•. .. . . .. . 6.95
BIG-K alum inum col umn wi ll be given a KW·15
special coat ing fo r environmental protec- 1 kilowatt, 15 mete r coil. .. . • .. .•. . .. 6.25
t ion. As before, the column is hin ged, per- KW·10
1 kilowatt , 10 met er coil. .4 .45
mitti ng coil and to p whip sect ion to fo ld
over. Webster's exclusi ve f ast release and TW·160
300 watt , 160 mete r coil. .•.. ... • • .. 5.80
posit ive lock-up feature remain s inta ct.

Write for descrip ti ve literature.

RA YTHEON
IJ
COMPAN Y
213 East Grand Avenue, South Sa n Francisco , California 94080

APRil 196 6 33

A Receiver VFO
Controlled CW Transm itter
After working a contest or two it doesn't
take a wise ama te ur long to understand that
time is a premiu m . A kilow att helps to br ing
contest poi nts, but with the advent of highl y
selective receive rs an d crow ded ham bands
high power ofte n goes unheard. Like sna tch-
in g cola bo tt les ou t of the cases as th e deliver y
truck drives by, contes t ope rators have to be
fast, smoot h, and on freq uen cy. And needless
to say if we have ou r transmitt er exac tly on
frequency at all times an d are takin g up only
one freq uency on the band there is that m uch
more room for QR ~,'1 fre e operation of ot her
sta tions. \Vith this in mind I rea lized that I
nee ded a rig that was not commercia lly ava il-
able.
The re are a few sto re bou gh t rigs th at have
trunsceive operation but most arc designed
exclusively for SSB or are designed for SSB
an d include C\V operation as an add-on fea-
ture which has be en given little considerat ion .
Shortly before beginning construction on the
rig described he rein I prac tically gave away
a $2000 tr ansceiver with atrocious VOX key-
in g and a transm itter th at was always 1.3 kc
off fre qu ency.
A glance at the block diagram of m y trans-
mi tter (Fig. I) will bring to visualization
w hat is hap penin g inside the transmitter. T he
Fig. 1. Block diag ram of the receiver VFO
co nt rolled CW transmitter.
34
Gary Glassmeyer K6R EU
10 2 7A Buc han
San Lu is Ob ispo, Cal iforn ia
variable crys tal oscillator generates a signal
which can be varied several kc either side of
the fre quency which bri ngs the transmitt er in
exact coincidence with th e receiver. T his we
will call the cente r-frequency. In m y p articu-
lar case I am usin g a Drake I -A receiver with
a 4.6-4.0 me vfo. T his signal source is tapped
directly at the grid of th e mixer tu be it is
feedi ng and cabled out of th e receiver by
means of high im pe dance microphone cord
and phonograp h conne ctors. Capacitive cou-
pling is used to bring the rf to th e signal gri d
of V2. If you don' t like the idea of delving
into your receiver to pull out the sample of rf
nee ded to excite the mixer you can easily
modi fy your existing vfo, Q[. any external vfo to
operate on 4.6-4.0 me, or \~atever frequency
you des ire, other than on e in the ham ban ds,
and stilI have the advantage of a fine hetero-
dyne, grid-block keyed exciter. Ma ny wiII be
in terested "in using both th e receiver vfo arid
a separate one for cross -band operation, chas-
in g DX etc.
By applyi ng the VXO out put to the injec-
tion grid.of V2 we get the des ired operating
frequency along with va rious im age signals
and harmonics of the two inp uts . When figur -
ing the proper VXO crysta l cent er frequ ency
for use in con junction with your receiver be
sure that none of the har monic or image fre -
q uen cies fall m uch closer th an 10%-15% of
your ope rat ing frequency. To determine the
VXO crystal cen ter frequen cy if your rece iver
vfo is above the received signa l frequency,
subtract the received frequency from the vfo
frequency. If it is below, add the received
signal frequency to the vfo freq uency. For
exa mple in the case 'of the Drake ] -A, when
its vfo is tuned to 4.6 me the received signa l
frequency is on the low edge of th e ham
73 MAGAZINE

Front view of the transm itter.
bands, in order to determine the VXO crys tal
center frequency on 40 meters we add 4.6 me
and 7 .0 m e to get 11.6 m e. As th e vfo is tu ne d
lower in frequenc y the tra nsmitter freque ncy
will raise, 4. 6 me gives a transmitt ing sign al
of 7.1 me, and 4,2 me brin gs us to th e top
ed ge of th e ballet
V3 serves as: bot h an amplifier and a device
to filter out undesired sign als with both grid
an d plate tuned circ uits.
At thi s point it might be interesting to note
that th e sub-asscm blv chassis tha t V3 is on was
originall y a Celoso ; ll-ba nd vfo , and the 5763
was used in it as an amplifier stage. The tube
socket tha t \'2 is in was original and held a
BeL6 p reviously. VI was mou nted in an emp ty
space forwa rd of the 6BA7. Other components
sup plied by Ge loso ar e, th e slug-tuned coils,
their associate d trim mer condensers, the VXO
tuning capaci tor, w hich was first a vfo grid
circuit part, and assorted resistors and by-pa ss
capa citors which just happened to be he eded
in the new circ uits. F or tho se who have an
unused Geloso vfo kicking around you might
employ it's comp act chassis in the constructi on
of your vers ion of thi s transceiver. If you do n' t
you migh t go out and bu y one, they are rela-
tively cheap. T he V2 pl at e circuit slug tuned
coils were left untouched as far as taking off
any turns or re-wind ing the m. H owever, they
we re taken ou t of the single ended circuit and
used in a pi-network wi th a 140 pf cap acitor
ad ded on th e plate side to tune them to res -
onan ce, and a fixed 100 pf cap acitor pl ac ed

/
; IK

+ 300 + 300 - 0 + 150

REG.
lOO p! "- - ORIGINAL GELOSO VFO PART
, vr L I - 4 -1/2 T. NO. 14 , 1' ~/ Il:; " DIA. ,S/ S " L G.
;- L2 - ~T. NO-I6 , 2." DIA., 10 T. Po l. , TAPPED AT t-va . 5 - 1/8, s. II - i/a 1; FROM PL AT E END (8 5. 'II NO- 3907- 1)
-esoo

C--.'~ ,=f'-tVV"t'+ 150 REG.

, ~

" "0
• ~,

ow
/
a O,,1

'~"j:
~,

'Ow

~
-W 60E4

Fig. 2. Schemat ic of the t ra nsm itter. Not e t hat many of th e por ts used ca me from a Ge loso YFO, but
ca n easily be found e lsewhe re ,

A PRIL 1966 35

J.
Inside of th e transmitter.
in the output side . These fixed 100 pfs ar e
soldered dir ect ly across th e final's grid to
ground , th is helps to stabilize the ampli fier.
Th e coils were re-adjusted to bring t hem to
resonance in thei r new application. Mr. Geloso
used five other slug-tuned coils, three of which
were selected to determine vfo fundamental
freq uencies, the othe r two were used in the
plate circuit of the vfo tube. All we re re-wound
and grid-dipp ed to the midd le of each ham
band in use. On 80, 40, and 20 met ers three
air trimmers which were all ready on the chas-
sis were tied across th ese coils for padding.
T he vfo tuning condense r had three ganged
sections on it, two were wide spaced, one with
a few more plates tha n th e other, and the
third had a thick, closely spaced plates. T he
thick plated section was igno red and not use d,
the lar ger value wide space job needed a few
of its plates jerked to make it equ al in value
to its counte rpart. T his is easily accomplished
by merely pu lling on them with a pair of
needle-nosed pli ers. T he result an t product, if
eve rything goes well, can be used to vary th e
load on th e VXO crystal and th ereby enco ur-
age it to oscillate on a slightly different fre-
quency, and give us a transmitted signa l sev-
eral kc either side of center freq uency .
Prob ably by now you are won de ring just
how far can we va ry this litt le VXO gem. This
depends on the crystal frequ ency and th e effec-
tive circuit capacitance. W e purposely control
the grid-to-ground and screen-to-ground cap a-
cita nce to get the desired effect with the mod -
ified Geloso vfo condense r. I ts va lue is some-
where aro und 10-50 pf p er section .
The final amplifier, V4, uses an 829B with
its sections in p arallel , 600 volts on th e pl ate
and has a pi-network tied on the end. T his
stage was de signed to drive a pai r of 4E27 AI
5-125B's in groun ded grid and has no wide
ran ge matching conde nser in the p i-output
end . Fixed micas are switched in pla ce' by the
tank coil switc h and were chosen experiment -
any . H owever I've calculated th e ne cessary
values to be used for matching a wide ran ge
36
of imp ed ances and th ey are drawn into the
sche matic.
Th e 600 volt power sup ply is externa l and
is actually the rectifier power unit, P P-1l5A,
out of a TRC-8 450mc transmitte r available
th rough surplus chan nels. A sugges ted pow er
supply is shown in the schematic and is taken
out of th e Radio Amateur's Handbook. Volt-
ages of + 250, + 150 regulated, - 40 to - 60,
and 6.3 ac are derived from the buil t-in sup ply
in the bot tom rear of the rig. Silicon rec tifiers
were used to save space, elim inate heating,
and besides they are cheap .
Exten sive shielding was u sed in cabinet
constru ction, a tr apped lady bu g would never
find her way ou t of the enclo sure, neither
will any frequencies in the VH F ran ge. She et
metal screws are spa ced no farth er than two
inches apart to ma intain a tight electrical
seal. Reynold 's do it yourself angl e stock was
used to support the finely p erforated she et
alumin um which wa s procured locally. The
chassis is a 3x7xl7 inch Bud which turned
out to be a little big ger than neccessary, but
gave me plenty of working room and space
for additi onal thi ngs such as a T-R swit ch,
low-p ass RIter, or ma ybe a simple ssn genera-
tor. ~, inch alumi num plat e was used for the
front panel and" he lps support th e frame.
Ot her than peaking all Lie circuits to
re sonance before trying the rig out, ad just-
ment of th e final's grid bias voltage is all
th at is necessary to get it in operation. No
tune-operate switch was [ncorp erated in the
rig, nor was any plat e, grIer, or relative out-
put indicator. In ord er to tune, mere ly tu rn
th e V3 screen voltage po tentiomete r-drive
control so th at th e screen is on the ground
side of "'the pot, and peak the dri ver plate
tuning, C5, and final plate tuning along with
the p i-out put capacitor for maximum reading
on your s-meter or relat ive ou tpu t ind icator
(whic h , i[ _also throw n into the schemat ic).
T hen advance your drive control to just below
th e point where full ou tp ut is realized and
re-peak the final plate tun ing . With the re-
ceiver in a high selectivity condition, and the
bfo on zero, ( the position where you hear the
lowest pitched hack-ground noise ) , key the
transmitter and tum th e VXO frequency con-
trol until the tran smitter frequency falls
exactly into the peak of the select ivity skirt.
This will bring the transmitt er in exact co-
incid ence with the receiver p roviding you
h ave th e VXO on the right side of zer obeat.
If you do n't , give it a cra nk do wn through
zero beat and back on the other side and
onc e aga in into the selectivity skirt.
. . . K6 REU
73 MAGAZIN E
SMALL PAIR BEATS A FULL HOUSE
One parti cu lar pair, 5 8· 34 sideband t ransceiver / exciter and SB2·lA
gall on linear amplif ier - are sma l l enough to beat a f u l l house. Or,
for that matter, any no- room -fo r- pa sseng e rs KW mobil e ins ta llation .
Proof . Photograph shows 5 8 -34 and SB2·LA t ogeth er as a com ple t e
l KW, 4-band side band stat ion (i ncl uding receiver of cou rses-beati ng
a f u ll house handily. The tw o un it s placed end-to-end occ upy less
t han 2 l inear feet - j ust over 1 foo t in dep t h. less t han 6 in ches h igh!

But SSE d idn 't set out to produce a miniatu re tran sceiver at t he
expense of undue component crowding-transistors and diod es aided
by advanced bi lateral ci rcu its did it with room to spare.
5 8·34 specif ica lly, is advan ced equipmen t - predom inantl y solid-
stat e- in pace wi t h t he t rend t oward elim inat ion of al l t ubes in a
host of electr onic gear. The 58-34 SSB t ransceiver costs only 395.00
(wit h 12V DC and IllV AC bui lt -in power supp ly) and uses 23 tr an-
sistors, 18 diodes, a zener, a varactor -and only 3 tu bes !

Highlights : 58·34 : a-bane s, 3775·4025 kc, 7050·7300 kc, 14.1-14.35 me, 21.2·21.45 me.
• 13SW p.e.p . input (s lightly lo...er on IS) • Built-in dual 117V AC : 12V OC supply (nega·
live gro"!nd) • COllins mechani cal tuter • Panel sel ectab le USB·lSB • lIlf. W, 10NO.
N

5"H. Weight : 19 Ibs.

SB2·LA: BO·4()-20·15 met ers • Input SS8: lKW p.e.p. AM: 300W. CW·fM·fSK: 400W.
• Built·in 117V AC power .supply . IZ"W, lZlh"O, Slf4"H. Weight: 40 ros.

MODEl SB3- DCP INVERTE R

Heavy-duty t ra nsisto rize d inve rte r fo r mobile op-
er at ion of SB2-LA linear am plifier at l KW input .
In put 12-15V DC, negative ground. Outp ut fit 13.5V
DC inp ut , 150 volt s AC pe ak squa re wa ve at 250
cycle s . 6"W, 12" 0 , 33f4" H. We ight : 17 Ibs .
Writ e for new b-roch ure desc r ibine;SBE line .

RAYT H EON COM PA NY

z13 East Grand Avenue, South San Franc isco, Cali fornia 94080

h po rt sa les : Rayt heon Compa ny, Inte rnatio nal Sales & Se rvices, Lexington 73 , Mass , U.S.A.

The Matchm aker Circuit
An idea article
How'd you like to build an automatic an-
tenna tuner that wo uld follow your VFO up
and down th e band ? Remote ly, even 'way out
in your h ack yard? Well, this Mutchmaker
circu it, as I call it , makes th is po ssib le.
This is not a cons truction article. Because
few b uilders follow the origina l des ign a11Y-
how changing and su bs titu ting parts to sui t
the junkbox heing standard ham procedure, I
am just going to explain th e circuit, its ap -
plications, and the few p recau tions needed.
..T he circuit is an adaptation of the VS\V H
br idge circuit, and de pends on Ohm's law
(E/I equals R) for its operation. That is, re-
gardless of po we r (watts} , the ratio of voltage
(E) to cu rren t (1) is always th e same for a
given resis tance. In the Matchmaker thi s re-
sistance is th at of the fe cdli ne.
The schematic of the b ridge is shown in
Fig. 1. T here are two separate measuring cir-
cu its, you will no te (separa ted b y th e das hed
line), arranged to p rod uce two outp uts of op -
posite polarity, which are compared on a zero -
center meter. One measures a port ion of the
line voltage, the other measures the voltage
across a Lohm resis tor in the line, which is
eq uiva len t to the current. A variable capacitor
adjusts the portion of line voltage measured
to th e right ratio for the feed line used.
This circuit is inserted in the antenna tuner
COAX FROM
TRANSMITTER RI Ln.
"RATIO'
270 pl 1"
\1'''
.,
lERO- CENTER MICR0AM METER
(I00 -0-KlO ~A OR BET T ER)
Fig. 1. Schemat ic of the Matchmake r b ridge.
38
Ha rvey Pie rce WrjJOPA
5372 E. Bold Eagle Blvd.
Whi te Bear La ke , M in ne soto
between the coa x line from the transmitter
and th e tuning 'u nits. Then, when the tuning
uni t is adjusted so that the an te nna exhibits
an impedance equal to that to whi ch the cir-
cults has been adjusted, th e output of th e two
measuring circ ui ts will be equa l and cancel
eac h other, so the zero -cen ter me te r will read
zero. Furthermore, if the antenna impeda nce
is too h igh , th e meter will go off center one
way, and if the impedance is too low, it will
go off center the opposite way. \Vhich way it
goes will de pend en diode and meter polarity.
This fea ture makes an automatic antenna
tu ner possible. If a resistor of, say one -half
megoh m is con nected in place of the meter
and the voltage across it fed into a de ampli-
fier suc h as shown in Fig.. 2",.., the outpu t can,
through relays; contr ol a tuning m otor. In
Fi g. 2 , if the input is positive, th e pl ate cur-
ren t to V I increases and V2 decreases, so the
balanced. po lar relay actuates th e "Forward"
motor re lay . If the input is nega tive, th e nc-
tion reverses, and the "Reverse" motor relay
closes . T hese mo tor rela ys are th ree- p ole, sin-
gle-th row typ es, with two pol es con necting
the mo tor field p roperly for forwa rd or re verse,
while the third applies po wer to the mo tor.
The relatively simple circu it of F ig. 2 may
not be sensitive eno ugh with availa ble po lar
relays, so I would like to suggest a system
such as Fi g. 3 for those who un der st and tra n-
sistors. No va lues .. are given for the compo-
nen ts of either circuit becau se so m uc h de-
p ends on what you use for tubes, t ran sistor s,
re lays , etc. Nor can polar ities be assigned, for
the sa me reason . Just be sure the motor turns
the tu ni ng un it the right way to re ach the nu ll
and stop in tu ne .
T he va lues given in F ig. 1 are abou t right
for medium p ower (150 wa tt) transmitters.
For lower powers, the two 200 k resistors can
73 MAGAZINE
 TO · X"
FORWARD
RELAY '<,

,,
~
~ ~,

,,
,,,

( FIELD
\!j Fig . 3 . More comp lex and sens it ive antenna tuner.

;:::ft~Yf--J ARMATU'li:: to distinguish b et w e en resis tive , indu ctive, a nd

capacitive im p e da nces. W hile th er e are ci r-
+ r
PLATE SUPPLY
--:1,+ [",
REL AY AND
MOTOR SUPPLY
cui ts tha t will do t his, th e y ge t a b it involved,
an d anyway the circuit shown will eas ily
't ra ck' with a vfo over a n a mateu r h an d if the
Fig . 2 . Automatic anten na tuner. LC values are properly sel ected to avoid re -
ac tive nu lls in the t uning ran ge. Ba nd-swit ch-
b e red uce d to 50 k, and for higher powers in g 'of the tuner is n ot to o d ifficult if m u lti-
t hey can b e incr eased to higher values. Rl , hand op eration is desired.
the one oh m resist or, may best be made up Interest ing cir cuit, isn't it ? E ve n used as an
of ten one-watt, n on-ind ucti ve, ten -ohm ca r- in dicator it wi ll te ll yell if the an te nn a im-
b on resistor s, con n ected in pa ra llel in bi rd - p edan ce is too high or too low . Changes in
ca ge fashi on , ( In case you don't kno w , ca rbon power input merely change the magn itude of
resist ors have color bands a ll the same wi d th, th e error rea din g, n ever th e zero p oin t, so A),l ,
while the w irewound (inductive ) type ha ve C\V , or SSB have no effect on its nul} p oint .
the first color band extra wide. ] It h elp s if you O K, e n gineers! Build yourself an au to ma ti c
ca n put CR2 and the .0 1 uf capacitor ins ide tuner!
th e " birdcage" of resistors . Ot her combina- W00PA
ti on s of resistors for In are p ermissible. T h e
tota l wattage can he de creased for lower
p ow er or increas ed for hig her p ow er .
CR I an d CR2 can b e IN34A's or any sim-
ila r type of ge rmanium diode good for 20 to
30 volts a t one or two rna . The 2Jf mb choke
serves as the de re turn for C EQ. Short le a ds
to the coax input connector are necessa ry, and
compactness and some shield ing from the
rest of th e tu n er arc de sira ble. Ot he rwise no
parti cular precau tio ns ar e n eede d in co nstru c-
tio n.
A d jus ting th is " Ma tch make r" ca n be done
eithe r of two w ays. A non -in d uctive dumm y
load w ith a resis tance eq ua l to the feed line
im p e dan ce is co nn ected temporarily in p lace
of th e an tenna t uner. T hen powe r is fed
throu gh the line at an appropriate frequency
a nd the va riab le "ra tio" capacitor is a djuste d
ca refully until th e ou tp ut at po int "X" is ze ro
as read by a ze ro- center mete r as in F ig . 1, or
by a VTV~ I or VO~L Or an S\VR indica tor
of co rrect im p ed ance can h e co nnected in th e
coax line and the a nten na tu ned up for m ini-
mum S\VR, and with normal p ow e r supplied
the anten na, the "r atio" cap ac it or is adjusted
as ab ove.
I t is only fai r to state that the Matchmaker
"Yes , he's hom e- but you ca n s tay the wh o le
circuit is not the comp le te answer to a wide- we ekEn d- he 's in an ot he r of t hose wo nderfu l con-
range au tom a tic antenna tu ne r b ecause it fa ils tests

APRIL 1966 l?
 Bob Hen K9 EID

Six to Two
Transmitting Mixer
This simple unit will put a low pow er
six meter signal of allY mode 011 two.
Perfect fOI· SSB or Sixers.

T he tre nd toda y in VHF a mate ur equipment
is towa rd usc of comm ercial SSH exci te rs and
adapters. Bu t one th in g m issing am ong the
ma ny lines of eq uipme nt ma nu factured is a
unit tha t will allow the amateur to usc hi s
50 me equ ipment on two me ters.
Yet this ca n be done vc rv eusilv and effcc -
tivelv without nnv modifieat i'on of the six meter
tnm~mitter if yot ; use a transmitting mixer and
use the exci te r to drive th e mixe r. Re cei vin g
ca n be easily han dl ed b y a simple conv er ter
'which tak es its local injec tion from the oscil-
lat or in th e tran smitt ing m ixe r un it via th e
oscillato r output jack.
The mixer shown he re (F ig. I ) gives tre-
mendon s sup ression of unwan ted signals. It
uses a 636 0 tu be as a mixe r an d a second 6.360
as a cl ass ABI am plifier to give an output of 15
to 20 wa tts PEP. This is p len ty of po wer to
dri ve a linear or to u se b aref oot an d ma ny
wo nd er ful con tacts ha ve b een made w ith this
unit without a ny additio na l a mp lifica tion.
Co nstru ct ion is ve ry simp le and ea sy if yon
follow the pho tos. Proper shielding between
stages is very import ant to tam e th e unit so
th at it wo n 't tak e off on its own as some mi xer s
do. Th e shields ca n be made ver y easily from
she et co pper or coppe r clad b oar d . .
L2 , L3 and L 4 ,can all be mad e from une
piece of B and \ V stock b y re moving a sing le

+ 28 0

" -seeo
1I
COIL OATA
10 ~s NO.22 [ NAM. ON 1/2 ' 0 1,0,. Sl.UG-1U£D fOR ..
I.2, L 3.L4 B" \II' NO.3Oll · SE[ SOlEMATIC ( t TURN LI NK
-esoc FOR 'osc OUT-)
L:l B .. .... 110. 3002 · 5 TUIl NS CoT.
L6 SA.Io'E AS L5 PUJS t- Tl.IlN UNK AT CENTER

'" -eiec

~,

« zoo

""
Fig. 1. Schemat ic of the s ix to two me te r SSB m ixe r. 8 & W 3002 is two inches (5 e rn) of Y2 inc h
(8 mm ) 8 turn s pe r inc h number 18 wire. h 's th e so me a s PIC 1728 a nd Air-Dux 4 08T. B & W 301 1
has a diamete r of 3,4 inch (2 ern ) and is 16 turns pe r inch (6 per em ).

40 73 MA GAZIN E
Here 's th e bo ttom of the six mete r to two mixe r. Th e Top of the m ixer. T ubes,
copp er dad chassis p late is 5 x 6 inches (12 5 mm clockw ise f rom bottom
x 15 ern ). center, a re: OA2, 6 EA8,
63 60 a nd 63 60 .
turn bet we en windings. T his ma kes a neat,
- - _ ... _ - -: .- - -~ - ==-

easy-to-mount assembly.
T his p art icular un it was built on a cha ssis
which w as designed so that a final amplifier
co uld be adde d lat er. The room ava ilable will
accomodate a 5894, 82g B, etc . The chassis
co uld be made smaller if des ired.
The power supply shown use s a power
transformer from a junked T V set. It work s
well and is easy on that ole pocket book! Th e
bia s circ uit is a clever svstem since it needs no
additional tra nsformer. Th e switch in this su p-
ply can be on the ante nna relay and allow th e
mi xer to be cut off d uring the rece iving cycle.
Jlist reme mber that it should he open on
receive and closed on transmi t.
Th e voltages shown are opera tiona l voltages
d urin g tran smit with S I closed . T hese voltages
will vary somew hat with differen t t ra ns-
for mers in th e power supply. Th e power sup-
ply is built on a separate chass is to minimize
heat in the mi xer unit.
T his uni t performs very w ell wit h six meter
SSB transceivers. It is a ve ry easy method of
putting an SS B signal on two me ters and it
could also be us ed to put any six meter 1\11
signal on two.
H ave fun bu ild ing and op era ting this fine
unit . . . . K9E ID

APRIL 1966 41

A Slotted Line for 1250 me
Hem's an easy -to-b uild inst rum ent for
m easuring freq uency, VS1VR and impedan ce.
Th e S'V R hridge is a very useful- and
sometimes badl y neglected- tool. Especially
on ] 2,50 me with only two or th ree watts of
power , you should measu re your S\ VR and do
something ab out it if nec essary. I recently
joine d th e 23 em boys, though I have only
worked 1234 m e so far. My first att empt to
commun icate wi th \ V8VKQ on the other end
failed bu t aft er two evenings of dili gent work
with a meagre am ou nt of test equipment we
ma de contact . It would have been a lot easier
with te st equipment good in th e 1250 m e
range since most hams are not equipped to
measure freq uen cy and adj ust their rigs at
these fr equencies.
Aft er th at experience, I ma de the slotted
line ind icat or described in th is ar ticle . T he
cost is next to nothi ng and it' s ea sy to bu ild ,
h ut it do es a good job, The u nit is b uilt around
a one inch thin well cop p er lube I mi" long
( F ig. I ) . This tube has a K" slot cut len gth-
wise for 7Jf", abo ut ;Ii wav eleng th at 1250 m e.
T h is is long enon gh to get a fair sam pling of
th e stand ing wa ve or null points.
V INSULATOR
I' TUBE "<,
PROBl': CARRIAGE
Pl'lOB£ CARRIAGE
'2
Silo s Smi th WABCH D
G 4 475 N. Vc sscr Roa d
Flin t, Mic h igan
Th ree othe r p ieces of 1" cop per pi pe arc
neede d . Two arc 5/l()" lon g and on e is 1%"
long. T he two ,5/ 16" pieces each have ~ " cu t
out and are reshap ed to fit inside th e 1" tub e.
T hese two pieces were each sold ere d to 1/ 16"
plates as in th e detail in Fig. 1. T his p rocess
makes two cup -like structures which should
fit within the end of the 1" pi pe . Drill ni ne
holes in each cup : four holes for attachin g th e
cup to the slotted line, fou r to fit t he BN e
con nector mounting pl ate and one %" hole to
pass the m ain body of th e connec to r. File two
notches for th e connector ears. You can fasten
the cups to the slotted tub e with sma ll sheet
meta l screws, th readed holes or nu ts sold ere d
to th e b ack of the holes.
T he 1" x 1%" piece of pip e is for the pro be
carriage . It is cut ' lengthw ise on one side,
slipped over the 1" tube, centered, and a }~ "
hole d rilled through it over the slot in th e I "
tube.
The p robe is built [rom 7~:~_...Q.!ld 3~" b rass tub-
ing from your hob b y shop . At the probe end
is an insulat or fro m a coax fitting and on the
r:.- soccer
~ ~"1. TUllE
V iii" TalE
DETAIL ' ~ct
11 MAGAZIN E
 000
..
sc
;70 •
i!i.,
!50 II
~.,
• :
~:
o
: VSWR
°1 2 3
m o
4 !1i 6 1
Fig. 2, Ratio of oute r tu be to inne r line for var ious
impe da nces.
other en d is a jack made f1"0 11i all oct al tu be
socket. A small piece of }~" b rass tubing is
used to make the diode socket (sec detail A).
r\ pi ece of 22 gauge wire is inserted in th e
p rob e end of th e 1/16" tu bing and soldered.
A H\2 1 d iod e wo rks ve ry wel l.
Use Fig. 2 to choos e the p rop er size for th e
lin e in the ce n ter. E ach end of thi s line sho uld
b e tapered and soldered to the coax fitting as
in detail B. The center cond uctor shou ld be
7/16" for 50 ohms or 5/ 16" for 73 ohms .
The me ter u sed shou ld have a ra nge th at
permits a full seale readin g a nd sho uld b e
calibrate d with so me sca le.
Uses : Measuring Ireq uency
Frequency can he measured with th e slotted
line in two way s: th e distance b etween n ull
poi nt s at on e h alf wavelengt h ( ';.../2 ) or the
distan ce he tween peaks. See Fig . 3. Measu r-
ing b etween the nulls is p referable since the
p eak s arc ve ry b road . If your lin e is Hat, th e
p eaks an d nulls ma y b e very sma ll, so you
m nv ha ve to indu ce a m ismatch ill th e line.
Like wise, yo u m ay hav e to ind uce a mismatc h
to get the two null s to fall within the 7}f" of
th e line. T he eas ies t way to ind uce a mi s-
match is a short in th e line.
Measu re th e d istan ce be tween the nulls
ca refullv wi th a ce nt imete r ru le. T wi ce this
distan c~ di vided into 30,000 will give you
you r frequency in mega cycl es. I t would b e a
good id ea to ch eck th is aga inst a sta nd ard or
at least av oid operatin g to o close to th e ed ge
of th e band.
Mea suring VSWR
Measu rin g voltage sta nd ing wav e ratio
(VS\ VR) with th e slotted line is easy, too . we
a re lookin g for a ratio of E m i li ' the minimum
vo lta ge on the line, and E m ;n ' The ra tio:
E m:!.x = VS\\'H.
E lll i.n
APRil 1966
H owe ver, the re is a sligh t complication of
vectors in E ma x an d E m i n , so th at to find them ,
VO II m ust first de termine th e hi gh est voltage
~ead on th e mete r, E 1 and th e lowest vo ltage
read on the m eter, E:.:! wit h th e same se tting
o f th e shunt resistor , as th e p robe carr iage is
slid along th e lin e. Now, E ll uu ; = £1 + E:.:! a nd
Emili = E 1 - E :! so th at
E, + E,
= £, - E~
A ll even sim p le r m ethod is to set the me te r to
fu ll seale (1 00 ) at th e high est readin g, and
rendi ng th e VS\VR direct ly from F ig. 5.
Imp edance measurements
It' s a litt le h a rd er to me as ure impedance,
bu t even it's not b ad if you do it ste p by ste p.
F irst , consid er th e high imp edance on you r
line w hen vo ur a nten na is ope n or sh orted.
Pe rh a p s YO{l don't think of it as a ch a nge in
impedan ce . T h is is what we a re lookin g for.
Reme mb er th at there is a definite relat ionship
b et ween impedance a nd frequency. F ig. 6
shows th e vol tage rel ations hip b etween a short
and open. On <1 short set the probe for a null
point, usu ally th e first null from load en d of
th e slotted line . T his will be our re fer en ce
point. You will note th at whe n th e load point
0
is op en there is a shift of 90 or a quart er
wavelength eith er side of the refere nce point.
T h is ad d s lip to on e h alf wavel ength . Any
im p ed ance b e tween in finity and zer o ohm s
will lie somewh ere alon g th e h alL wavele ngth
of the line. It will b e no ted that an open is
equid istant fro m th e refer en ce point tow ard
th e genera tor a nd towa rd th e load. ho wever
th e line has moved toward th e loa d (ca p aci-
tive reactance ). " T o measure thi s rea cta nce,
we replace th e load th a t we measure with a
short. \ Ve set our probe to the first minimum
read ing from the load end of th e slotted line.
Mark thi s spotcwi th a scribe. This is our ref-
e re nce po int . Now we remove the sh ort and
add our load u nd e r measurement. It will b e
noted th at the vo ltage has m oved upward .
:\Iove th e probe towa rd the load . If th e volt-
~TTEO
t "
~ ~SLOTTED
t ~
U NE LINE
Fig . 3, Le ft . Me asuri ng freq uency. Fig . 4 , Right .
M ea su ring YSWR.
4l

100 POINT SCALE ~ R EFLECTED
- - - SHORT
- _·_ ---- OPEN
Fig. 5, Left. VSWR scale Fig. 6, Right. Impedance
measu rements.
a?c g~Jes down, you are h ea ding .in the ri ght
d~rect~on. If the vo ltage sta rt s to go u p change
di re ction toward the generator. Move the
probe as ab ove to th e new nu ll p oint a nd note
the d irection that the probe h as been moved
H er e's a step -by-s tep example. Fi rst , you' Il
n:eu. .the frequ ency and wavelen gth, VS\ VR,
d irection of probe, di sta nce b etween re fe r-
ence p oint an d new nu ll, an d imp edance of
th e slotted line.
L et:s say as we measured. the frequency,
th e distance be tween the null poin ts was 12
em . This is h alf th e wavelength, so the wa ve -
len gth is 24 em. The frequency is 3000 0/ 24 or
12.50 me. . get OIl 1250 me.
Let' s sa y we read 80 as a max imum and 20
as a m inimum on a p oint scale ill mea su rinu
the VS\VR:
T he slotted lin e used ha s an im p ed an ce of
.50 ohms.
\Ve are now read y to pl ot this inf or mati on
on the Smi th chart ( F ig. 7, bett er ge t out you r
magnif ying glass) .
LOAD POINT
D raw th e VS\VH circ le at th e prim e cen te r
with a ra dius of 1.G.
Draw a line from .083 wave length towa rd
th e load fr om th e p rime cen ter.
At th e intersection of th e cir cle and lin e,
foll ow the constan t resistan ce circle to .74 and
the ca pacitive reactance circle to .3 1. Our
load imp edanc e is th en:
z, Zo ( .74 - .31j )
Zr. = 50 ( .74 - .31j)
Zr. = 37 - 1.5..5i
Well, there ar e some of the thin gs you r
slott ed coax line can do besides tel ling you
that vo u' re on th e air. A comm erc ial versi on
woul~l cost $7.50. I guarante e tha t you'll get
your d ollar's wo rth out of this oue as it costs
less th an $1 to b uild. I h op e th at it h elps you
WAS CE D
0

E ma x = £ 1 + E:..> = SO + 20 = 100
E lll i ll = E 1 - E~ = GO

VSWR = 100 1 "0

GO'\)
=
O r set E 1 to 100 by adj u stmen t of R, then E.~
woul d read 2,3 on the mete r, a VS\VR of 1.G6
by F ig . 5.
As in Fig. 6, th e p robe wn s moved tow a rd
th e load.
L et' s assume th e d istan ce from th e refer ence
point to th e new nu ll was 2 em . What p art of
a wavelength is 2 cm? \Vavelength is 24 ern,
so 2/ 24 = .083 waveleng ths .
T his is a m ovemen t of .083 wavelengths
towa rd th e load F·,g. 7 Sm,ith c h or t f or. de te rmm m g rmpe da n ce .

- -
A New Book Publish ed by 73
PARAMETRIC This book, the firs t on parametr ic amplifiers fo r the
AMPLIFIERS ham, is written f or t he average amateur and explains in

,.,
:mt~,
simple language how t hey work, how to build your own
f or t he vari ous UHF bands, how to t une them 'P.
Parametr ics have helped UHF move into t he space age,
but don' t fo rget t hat t he fi rst working parametr ic am-
plifier was bui lt by WIFZJ ,,' worked en six meters.
Order t his book direct, $2.00 postpaid, or f rom your local
parts dist ributo r.
J Im Fisk WAGBSO

.....- - 11
_~'_M "_

73 MogQ%ine Peterborough, N. H.

44 73 MAGAZI NE
 IF WISHES WERE
LINEAR AMPLIFIERS
o 0 CE\§CEOOv@[)\I] CE
WOULD OWN A

~ D~

1
~

-----.
--J i
lt~ 0.. ce.Obl>~'•
It ' s only natural that everyo ne wants th e finest ... and we f eel so ce rt ain th at th e 2· K
is " OF THE FINEST" t hat we g ladl y urge you t o st udy aH of the line ars ariawe say, " If
you can f ind a better li near, buy it ." When you decide on t he 2-K, you can choose with
co nf idence - co nfiden ce in the compa ny th at design ed and produ ced it. Confidence
that ten years from now the 2 -K will st ill be con sidered the cl assic in its field.
Pi-L outp ut circuit > Cathode-Pi input · Double rugged band change switch · Step-start relay system >Ultra heavy
d uty power su pply with resonant inpu t fi ller choke and 5000 volt oil-filter condenser > Two supe rbly Iinear 3-400
Z zero bias triodes > H igh efficiency silver plated tank coil · All aluminum cabinet .. . only 29¥z" high.

TED HENRY IW6UOU) BOB HENRY (WOARA) WALT HENRY ( W6N RV)
6 % FI NANCE CHARGE· 10 % DOWN OR TRADE·IN DOWN· NO FINANCE CHARGE IF
PAID IN 90 DAYS· GOOD RECONDITIONED APPARATUS · Nearl y all ma kes & madels.
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6116 N. 27t h.Ave., Phoenix, Ariz. 602 AM 4·389 5

" W orld s Largest Distributors of Short Wove Receiv ers"

A PRIL 1966 4S
 A Short Look at
Current Propagat ion
D ear Paul :
Your re cen t lett er mentions th at some new-
comers wou ld like to know more about our
p rop agation cha rts and you also ask for a pre-
view on cond itions for 1966 and the next few
years. I will answer both questi ons in the fol-
lowing two part d iscussion de aling with the
pr op agat ion charts first.
The ba sic d ata for the propagation charts
comes from nu merous ionospheri c sound ing
stati ons sca tt ered th roughout th e wo rld. These
sounding stations arc m anaged by va rio us gov -
ernments, uni versities, and other r esear ch
uni ts. Our own Bu reau of Standards p lays a
conside rable part in the p rogram.
Most of th ese stations measure th e h igh est
frequen cy th at the ionosphere will return from
a poin t d irectl y overhead. They call this th e
"critical fr equency" at "zero d ista nce:' The
m easurements are made on a 24 hour per day
basis and have been in progress for many
yea rs. \ Vith th is ba sic info rm ation , which in-
cid en tally also measures th e heigh t of the iono -
sphere, it is po ssib le to construct a world -wid e
map of ionospheri c "cr itica l frequenci es" ver-
sus tim e of day, m onth of yea r, and yea r of
46
the sun spot cycl e. By grap hical tec hn iq ues we
convert the "zero di stance" frequency to an
"any dist an ce" fre qu ency. I might menti on
here th at it is a pretty tedi ous job .
Sunlight and darkn ess control th e critical
freq uency. It is "usually" high est aro und noo n
and lowest just before sunrise at any given
point ove r th e earth's surface.
When ma king freq uency p redictions we
mus t first d et ermine th ose poin ts over th e
earth's sur fac e whe re the radio signa l makes
its first and las t con tact with the iono sphere
for an y given circuit. T hese points in space
are kn own as "co ntrol p oints." On a circuit
3600 to 4000 km long there is aile control
po int for opera tion on the F2 layer of the
ionosphere. Also only one for shor te r circu its.
Circ uits longer th an 4000 km operate on two
control points -these ar e th e D X circuits and
the cont rol points " are about 2000 km from
each -end of the circui t. A really long haul DX
sig nal will be reflect ed b y the ionosphere sev-
eral tim es, perfo rming a series of hop s over
th e earth's surface . when tbg, signal contacts
a contro l point it m ake s up its min d then an d
there if it is going to go any further or not .
H the frequency is too hig h for the control
p oint, the si gnal wiII pass through the iono- _
sphere and -be lost in space. If it is too low
it w ill be abso rbed .
The control p oint d ema nd ing the lowest
frequenc y in th e chain of hops is the bo ss.
Frequency-propagation ch art s ar e constru cted
with th is in m ind. The signal will usually be
best when there is only a moderate d ifference
between the two con tro l po int fre q uen cies.
W hen one con trol point d eman ds 8 me and
John II . Nelso-n is a well knorcn IfF Propaga-
tion Anahfst for RCA Communications. Among-
his articles are "Sunspots and Radio \V eath er '
in the [nn e 1948 RCA Rl.--'View and "O bserv ed
Diurnal Variatiolls in Freq uencies and Signal
Qllalifie,v" in the December 1954 RCA Review .
lie scrites the month ly propagation column
ill 7.3.
73 MAGAZ IN E
 th e other deman ds 3:3 m e the circuit will he
p oor. Th is is b ecaus e th e am at eur has to use
7 m e and as his signal approaches the 33 me
area it becomes abso rbe d b y sunlight.
T his latt er situation prevails at certain li lli e',\'
of the da y on suc h D X circuits as Eas tern
U.S .A. to Jap an , Philippi nes, India and Aus-
tralia . It also p revails on Western U.S.A.
circuits to Eu rope, Iud iu and Afri ca . Anot her
facto r th at might be mentioned is th at the
longer the circuit ( in the north ern hemi-
sph ere) , the closer the signal will pa ss to the
Nort h Pole. H ere th e signal must p ass thro ugh
th e au rora l zone. T his is bad because of severe
abso rp tion.
Th e hou rs of the day d uring which th e
sign a l will suffe r significant absorption is in-
(Heated on my cha rts w ith a symbol.
Now for the sec ond p art of your qu estion.
The new sunspo t cycle be gan to show a sig-
nificant increase in sun spo t n umb ers in Sep -
tember 196,5 but it is increasing qu ite slowly.
T he low pa rt of thi s cycle has lasted mu ch
longer th an the low of 19,54 and 1955 and is
inereasin g more slowly. T his indicat es a stro ng
p robability that the forth coming cycl e will he
of onl y moderat e int ensity.
On e of the stra nge features of th e present
sunspot situation and th e cur rent frequency
behavior pattern is th at in sp ite of the slow
increase in sunspo t numbers there has be en a
disp roportio na te rise in useful frequencie s dur-
ing day time hours. H owev er, no important
change has occurred in night tim e freq uencies
when compa red to th e p ast two wi nte rs. T his
is quite pu zzling.
So far, the pr esent sunspot cycle ha s p ro-
duc ed only on e really large sunspot. This spo t
cro ssed the sun d uring th e first ten da ys of
Sep tember. It did not do much damage to
radio signa ls but did p rodu ce numerous solar
flares. Today, December 5 th , 1965 , using a six
inch tele scope, I can find onl y one tiny spot
on th e sun .
Th e numbe r of sunsp ots will increase
th roughout 1966, 67, 68 bringing with th em
an increase in critica l frequencies. Th e ultra
violet ligh t radi at ed b y sun sp ots creates a
mor e den se ionosphere wh ich , of course, ha s
a high er critical freq uency . D X fans will bene-
fit b v this but it is doubtful if the ph en omenal
resul ts of the last sunspo t cycle will he d upli-
cated.
DX condition s will gen era lly improve
throughout thi s forthcoming rise, but it might
be well to app rise th e new-comers that the y
are going to com e upon some strange situa-
tions durin g the next few years.
Quite a num ber of th e fast growing sunsp ots
...
'.. ' .4 · ::::'
...•~ .-_
- ~ -r ...'
..",...:
" I de nt suppose yau kn aw a ny th ing a bout wha t
happened to my coil stock."
during the rising portion of th e sunspo t cycle
develop great sola r flares. Th e Hares p rod uce
such int ense ult ra-violet radiation that our at -
mosp here becomes so str ongly ionized that it
absorbs all HF signa ls, resulting in a comp lete
absorp tion blackout. This happ ens only during
daylight and usually lasts around half an hou r.
To expe rience one of th ese bla ckout s is dra -
matic to say the least. Signa ls chan ge from
perfect to ab solut ely nothing in two or three
seconds.
There wiII be cases of night ttme blackouts
du rin g which DX signals will be useless for
two or three consecutive night s wh ilst during
da ylight hour s the signa ls will be very good
from sunrise "to - sunset. Thi s w ill not happen
very often however. In general we are goin g
to find tha t D X signals wiII be much bett er
th an they ha ve been for the p ast three year s.
Th e tendency will be towa rd s more severe
distu rbances b ur of short durati on.
I have studie d sunspo ts and their effect s on
HF radio for 20 years and have observed
thousands of spots th rou gh a six inch tele-
scope. I t is a ver y complex research p rogram .
Th e references in this letter rega rding ultra-
violet are no t based on m y own work. Th e
astronomers tell us that it is UV tha t prod uces
the ionosph eric effects th at I me nt ion, th e
theo ry hein g that UV ha s strong ioni zing en-
pabi lities.
With best regards to yourself and Wa yne.
I 'll close now, with th e sincere wish for an
ahunda nce of UV for your DX fans.
John Nelson
47
~ .
•I
... ..,..
, . -'
•.-.!»..,...
"..J
-"
" , l ._ ,t. ., " .
; ,:;.';-
;~,:::~;~' ':~\'';:'~:~r~~:S'~ ~~;
Here's a new look at an excellent old
idea. No experimenter should have to
work without Diddleboxes.
Diddleboxes
Sometimes my circuit s don't work q uite
right and I have to try fitting in differen t com-
ponents to remed y th e sit uation. Pots and
variabl e cap acitors will do, - but fixed comp o-
nen ts seem to be bett er suited for these tests.
For instance, it' s q uite ea sy to bum up a two
wa tt pot because at ten percent of ro ta tion
its power rating is down by ninety percent !
And the th ing always has to be measured to
complete t he test.
D ecade substitutio n boxes go right ba ck to
ancie nt h istory. I've seen them in ver y old
catalogs. Th ey're wonderful things. You can
jump fro m one ohm to one megohm at th e
flick of a switch , and it's the easiest thi ng to
tack on or trim off a few ohms by turning one
or two knob s.
But I reasoned that, since I'm going t o
choos e the nea rest resistor, why not start out
that way? Th ere is no need to play ohmic ar-
W 2DXll is a self-employed technical writer
interested in design and construction, !noon-
bounce and space communications. A number
of his articles have recently appeared in 73
and more ore upcoming.
4.
Ja mes Ashe W2DX H
R.D. l
Freevi lle, N.Y. 13 0 6 8
peggios on a megohm sca le, the circuit will
never noti ce my vi rtuosit y~_..a.no t he r point is
that a simple 'rotary switch with twelve re-
sistors will have far less p arasitic ind uctance
and capacita nce than the extensive system in
a de cade box. Sounds like a good th ing, and
that is t he way it has worked out.
There was some difficulty in finding good
12-position switches. But I found two sup -
pli ers who could provid e satisfac tory single
pole 12-position switches: CTS and Mallory.
Th e CTS switches come in a very convenient
bu ild-it-yourself style and I ha ve' found the m
useful for many applicati ons besides diddle
boxes. It migh t be nice someday to build from
16-pol e switches, becau se the n each de cade
could overlap the ad jacent ones. This has not
proved to be much of a han dic ap .
The th ree pho tog raphs show nea rly the en-
ti re story of building diddleb oxes. Note that
the w ires are kept as short as p ossible, an d
tha t the capacitors have a shorted ring in com-
mon. Thi s red uces parasitic indu ctance and
capacitance,
The leads go out throug h q uarter inch
gromme ts. I have been most satisfied with
73 MAGAZINE
At t he left a re two
Diddl e boxe s opened up
to s how their cons t ruc-
ti on . To the right is th e
Diddlebox cove ring 10
k to 82 k in use on a
brea dboarded circuit. At
the bottom of the page
are a ll t he por ts fo r a
Diddle box except the
wire for t he leads.

Muel ler # 34 .\Iicrngator clips. wit h a tiny
plast ic cover. I trim the last eighth inch off
th e cove r so the jaws are clear. A tentative
idea of puttin g p ho ne tip or b an an a jacks ill
the boxe s for test lead att ac h me n t h as never
b een carr ied ou t.
I h ave b een ve ry succes sf ul ill mar king
painted or un p ainted p an els w ith India ink.
The sec re t is to scrub thorou ghl y with strong
d eter gen t and a cotton rag to ge t off all th e
grease, rin se without touching , and let d ry
in a warm p lace. Th e clean sur face takes ink
as well as p ap er does, although it ha s a ver y
different feel under th e p en . Untou ch ed ,
Ires hl v enameled surfaces do not seem to re-
qu ire ·th is trea tm en t.' Aft er letter ing , some na il
po lish or a coat of good , cle ar ename l m akes
things permanent.

10
Ii
15

"
1l
l,T
53
19
.. ,
SC
-"A t1
'U.

APRil 1966 49
 ~ l y b oxes conta in 10% comp onen ts, selec ted

~~:COAXIAL
for on -the -nose accuracy b y a gOGU imp ed an ce
bridge. They're all we ll w ithin 1%. If you
do n' t ha ve a b ridge, 5 % and 1'1 comp on ents

RELAYS ii
are availab le h om surplus so urces . It' s worth
some time an d expe nse making sure they're
light, b ecause you will be using th em for
years . A key p oint is don' t roast th em . Use a
OUR SPEC IA LT Y .. • Yo ur No.1 sou rce tra nsistor he at sink if you mu st , and work
\" for sta ndard an d specia l a pplicari on units . / rap id ly. You 'll come ou t way ah ead in th e lon g
v
run.
There are two basic kinds of switches.
DK60 SERIES Shor tin g switch es make b efore break , non-
shorting sw itch es make after break. Ea ch h as
HEAVY DUTY SPDT
COAXIAL RELAYS its place in cert ain types of circuits. F or in-
stance, shorting sw itches arc preferr ed for se -
$ 12.45 lett in g meter sh un ts, b eca use the shun ting
resistan ce will d rop way d own bet ween
ranges. If you used a nonshorting switch for
th is job , yon migh t find you rself p inning th e
A OPOT SWI TCH need le b et we en p ositions.
fo, SWITC HIN C 2 From a diddleb ox tes ting vi ewp oint, ci r-
COAXIAL LIN ES cuits fall int o tw o ge neral class es: those whi ch
SIMU LTAN EOUSLY
give pro bl ems and those which d on't . The
from $1 9.00 u . ones wh ich don 't are low-freq uency an d p ulse
circu its in genera l. They d on 't ca re if one or
two compon ents h ave rem arkab ly lon g leads
d uring testing. Th ere is litt le d an ger of feed-
A OPOT SW ITCH h ack th rowing th ese circu its into oscillation ,
I N TER NA LLY CON. Th e subs titution tes t p rocedure is p eacefu l and
N ECTED IN DE_
ENERCIZ ED POSIT ION
eas v. Thi s is th e way I like Itl
Hi /!;h frequen cy a~l d sh or t risetim c cir cuits
are h arder to w ork with , I beli eve the re is no
sub stitu te for a go od unders tanding of how
DK77 SERIES th e ci rcuit works. Th en vo u can tell wh at it' s
likel y to d o when you put tba lon g lead s ill .
MINATURE, LOW COST
50 ohm SPOT T wo su ggestions th at IHlVe worked for me are:
COAXIAL RELAYS pu t som ethin rr in series wi th th e di dd leb ox,
such as an RF choke or a sma ll resistor. or
revise th e- circu it so it is less affecte d by th e
loris lead s.
DK7 2 SERIES O ver th e n~ "t fpw years I 've accumulat ed a
number of diddlel)()x ~s . Not all .of th em are
lP3T COA XIAL RELAY FOR
REMon SW ITCH INC of r.f. th e sin gle-d ecad e t \,I)O I'v e d escr ib ed h ere .
SOURCES One h as -a -supplv of bvoass cap aci to rs. An-
wrru UHF COS NECTORS $ 2 2 .9 5 u .
oth - r rmite larue b ox h old s some electrr-lvtics.
\ Io<;t of th e resisto r and some of th e ca pa citor
b oxes are in p -rirs. Certain sym me trica l cir-
-ut:s. su ch as bi stnbles. require this.
DK78 SERIES Xlv exp-ncnce wit h di ddleboxes has b een
N EW M A N UA L COAXIAL v-rv Irvora b'c . T ha ven 't lost one ye t! I thi nk
SWITCHES
(N ot Wafe r Switcbes) thi , i'i b ecause of ..1 cer tain p olicy of working
ou t wh at ou ght to happ en before doing a test.
Ava ila b le: IP2 T. SP<l'I". IP 6T
and r,.,..,o"". swi trh _ T try to set it all up so only a few secon ds arc
fro m $t 2 .75 ea , req uired to rre- t the answ er.
.. " .. i h. bl ~ a t yu u r d i.t r ib utur o r w r it'" At th ree to (I, .p dollar s p er bo x. I b elieve
DOW-KEY CO.- a $f'( is as goo d and as 1Ias1(, an investm en t :I S
a VTV~ 1.
Thief River Fall s , Minn e sota
_ W 2DX lI

'Q 73 MAGAZINE
 Wayne Pierce K3 SUK 0
Ham Word Play

A~ NA TRANSIST€>R

----
RADIo ---
_.. hal
•
,

moBIL
capaci~ l<?J ~

RESjSTOR eSCIlleSCePE

A PRIL 1966 51
 SOLID STATE
FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
WORLD'S LARGEST SELECT ION OF STOCK FREQUENCIES

Avai lab le in t he following freque ncies from st ock :

Mode l Inp ut me Ou t p ut me
3 01 -D 144 -1 48 50 -54
3 01 -EI 14 4- 145 .6- 1.6
301 -E2 145-14 6 .6- 1.6
2M 301 -F 14 4-1 46 28 -30
30 1-0 144-148 14- 18
30 1-R 144 -148 7-11
301-5 14 3.5- I 48 .5 30-3 5
301-B I
301 -B2
5 0 -5 1 .6 -1 .6 ANY CONVERTE R
NOW ONLY
$15 .9 5 ppd .
5 1-52 .6-1.6
exc ep t 301-X, $18.95 ppd.
6M 3 0 1-C I
30 1-C2
5 0 -5 4
50 -5 4
7 - 11
14-1 8 T he mode l 30 1 uses 3 of t he very latest type epi-
30 1-J 50-52 28-30 taxia l pla nar UHF t ra nsisto rs for uns urpa ssed goin
a nd low noise a t a ll Ireq ucen cie s. It ca n ope ra te
2 0M 30 1-G 13.6 - 14.6 .6 -1.6 from 6 to 14 volts ( posit ive or nega ti ve ground )
3 0 1-A I 2 6.5-2 7.5 wit hout a ny significa nt cha nge in goi n or frequen cy.
.6-1.6 The ci rcuit consists of 0 t uned R.F. a mplif ier, crys-
CB
301-A2 2 6.8-2 7 _3 3. 5 -4. 0 tal controlled oscilla tor a nd a low noise mixer. More
4 0M 30 1- K 7- 8 than 30 high qua lity po rts ca refully c ssembled an d
.6 - 1.6 test ed . Sensit ivity is better t han h micro-volt for a
CH U 30 1-L 3.35 1.0 6 db sig na l to noise ra tio even at 160 me.
WWv 30 1-H 5 .0 1.0
• Enclosed in a st urdy 16 gaug e, 3J1a " x 2-%" x
lnt 'L 3 01 -1 9-1 0 .6-1.6 1h " a luminum case with mounti ng ea rs, tr an s-
Ma rine .6 - 1.6 fer switch a nd. two 50 -239 (l::IHF) rec ept acles.
301 -M 2 -3
3 01 -N I 11 8- 119 .6- 1.6 • 100 % ma de in the U.S.A.
301 -N2 119 -120 .6-1. 6
Ai rc ra f t 30 1-N3 120 - 12 1 .6- 1.6 • 2 yea r 'guarantee on a ll ports including t ra nsis-
3 0 1-N4 12 1-1 2 2 .6- 1.6 tors!
30 1-NS 122- 12 3 .6- 1.6
• Free 24 hr. SPECIAL DELI VERY an ywhere in
Fire , 301 -P I 154 - 15 5 .6- 1.6 th e U.S.A. if you send a money order or cashiers
Police 30 1-P2 15 5-1 5 6 .6 -1. 6 check.
etc. {
30 1- P3 154- 15 8 7-1 I
OPTIONAL ACCESSORI ES:
Wea the r
! 30 1-W I
301-W2
162.5 5
16 2.55
1.0
10.7 9 volt batt ery eliminator wit h 110 volt cord.
Only $2_95.
CU STOM 30 I -X Ye u r choice of a nyone in- R.F. cab le a da pters in 6", 12" or 18" lengt hs
MADE p ut a nd output frequ ency be twee n wit h PL-259 plu g on one end (motes wit h co n-
.6 a nd 163 me . verte r). Oth er end your ch oice of Mot orola
mal e or fema le, RCA, aNC or Pl-259. Price
(4 -6 wee ks de livery on cu sto m co nver ter s) $ 1.00 eo. ca ble with 2 plugs.
For prompt shipment p lease incl ud e posta l mon e y orde r or cashier's c hec k. CO D's m ust include 20 % de ~
pos it . New York C ity residents a dd 5 % sales tcx. Ne w York Sta te res ide nt s a d d 2 % sales ta x . Include
sufficient postage for all ite ms except converters which ore pos tpaid.

Dep t . H

VANGUARD LABS 196-23 J a m a ica Ave .

Hollis, N.Y. 11 423

52 73 MAGAZINE
 $2 5 995 SHIPPI NG
COLLECT

COMPLETE WITH LENS

SUB-M INIATURE
SOLID STATE
TV CAMERA World's most effici ent camera. Mode in U.S.A.

FOR CLOSED CIRCUIT OR AMATEUR TV

• Measu res only 2%," x 4" x 7" (excl uding lens and connectors).
• Weighs only 3 Y2 Ibs.
• Advanced circuitry utilizing 35 semi-conductors most of which are silicon .
• Resolut ion guaranteed to excee d best capabilities of sta nda rd 525 line TV re-
cei vers.
• Field -eff ect input circ uit provides noise-free vide o. This is a VANGUARD exclu-
sive. <,

• RF output 30,000 microvolts adjustable for channels 2-6.

• Vide o output 1.5 V pop compos ite with standard negative sync .
• Viewabl e pict ures obtainable from as low as 1 ft. candle of iIIumination..to bright
sunlig ht . "
• Vidicon controlled automatic light compensation eliminates electric eye and
provides e rro r-fre e compensation for light level ch'!.nges of up to 120 to 1.
• New VANGUARD " HI-FI" vidicon e na bles use of an y 8 mm movie lens instead
of 16 mm len s req uired by ot her TV cameras .
• Electronically reg ula ted power suppl y and thermally compensated circuits "elimi-
nate change in picture quality whe n line voltage and temperature fluctuate .
• All parts guaranteed for 1 yea r (exce pt for open fila me nt on vidicon or break-
age).

COMING SOON: Video tape recorders (available first to owners

of the Vanguard 501 camera). Record home movies on tape
with the 50 1 and replay anytime through your TV set.
Building you own TV camera ? Send 10. for our new catalog descr ibing our complete
line of sub-assemb lies a nd pa rt s incorporati ng th e la test ad vances in technolog y.

196-~3 Jamaica Ave.

VANGUARD LABS Hollis, N.Y. 11423

APRIL 1966 53

Modernizing a 432 me Converter
Bring YO W ' old conl'e>'ter llsing Phi/co
MADT's UlJ to dat e at low cost,
Back in the old da ys ( Decemb er, 1960 )
whe n Philco was in th e transistor b usiness and
no t making For ds, Ph ilco Application Lab
Rep ort 684 . tit led "R F Amplifier and F re-
q uency Mu ltip lier Perform ance of the 2N1 742
VHF 1IADT T ransistor at 420 Megacycles"
was writt en by J. Specialn y, Jr. A later version
of th at w as rep rinte d in an ea rly issue of 7 3
(with the circuit diag ram in the following
issue ) , and ma ny of these conve rters arc ill
use or on shelves in ham sta tions.
One reason for their being on shelv es is th at
the 2K 1742 had a relatively low gain, and a
noise figu re of 9 or 10 db at 432 me. The
T 2028 was an imp rovement, and th e 2 ~ 2 39 8
hetter still, but they are not on par with th e
more mod ern pnp me sa transistors available
fro m Tl and Motorola. Th e T I -X~ I0 5 and T1-
X ~ 1 0 6 are particularly good. and th e price is
right. If you bu y ten dollars worth, the
chances are you'll get a dozen which are capa-
ble of under 4 d b noise figure at 432 me, and
the res t will be pretty good , too.
Another reason for shelf service is tha t it is
UTIOOP is uiell knou..:n for his ham activit ies
(build ing m odern equipment that wo rks, 432
me. VHF contests} and uniting. Few ham au-
thors are more com pet ent , clear or clever, and
I cry iches» I see his articles in QST. Hes a
design eJlgineer at JIicrOll.'ove Associates and
he claims th at lie and. his six hams tcork on
test eq uipm ent. T est equipment. Hank stvdied
G reek (amo ng other tlting s) at the Roxbllry
Latin School before he got his class A license
in 1944, u:hich probably explains something.
54
Henr y C ross W 100P
1 1 1 Birds Hill Avenue
Nee dha m, Ma ss. 0 2 19 2
p retty casy to kill a VH F tran sistor . If it
didn' t short out, it still migh t de teriorate in
p erform ance due to an overdose of rf. I think
techniques in coax switc hing h ave improved
in the last few years amo ng hams, b ut there
are still shacks where the receiver takes a
beatin g eve ry time th e transmitt er is put on.
I have shown a silicon diode limit er on the
input. of the moderni zed converter for this
reason . If the right diod e is used, there is n o
loss in p erformance from th is. .Man y of th e
earl y vara ctors ar e suitable. The eas iest way
to spo t them is to measure....l:he breakdow~
voltage at about 1 maoDi odes having a break-
down below 10 v which are sold as mic ro-
wave vara.. c. tors are p robabl y suitable, but those
havin g breakdown voltages higher are likely to .
be more lossv at zero b ias. In anv event, a
serious VH F -ha m shoul d be abl e to chec k his
receiver pe rformance or noise flgnre, and de -
tect eith er... .gra d ual deterioration or catas-
tr oph e . T he same kind of check will show
whether hookin g the diod e up mak es things
apprecia bly worse. I n my case, no difference
could be measured.
The first RF stage was changed from
grounded -base to ground ed emitter. At UH F
the ground ed-base conn ect ion is regenerative,
and with the higher gain of the newer tran-
sistors, sta bility is a prob lem . 1 set the first
sta ge up grounded -emitter because it is more
stable ( even without ne utralization ) an d be-
cau se th ere is a sligh tly lower noise figur e, ill
theory . T he second stage was left un ch anged
(1 used a TI-40 0 for tha t, which is not as
1. 73. M a r ch and A p r il 1961.
73 MAGAZI NE
 ..... ~ ~ _~EO_T!EE ~ .!S_~.P _~_~_L ~

J T1JRfII~ NO. le WOUNO ORIGIrtAL U RF . ",P ORG'W.. t. e :

a- 3IMl IMNDf':EL ISEE COL DWGSJ TI- Xto<'OO (SEE COIL D\IIO:OSI I
TAP HAl,.F-WAY RF AMF' ) n- eoo ) " WIXER (O tANGED FROM IOpf )
I (_~, T I-Xl,40 5 ••:
2N2 ,~::: /-:;;,, , ,. - , . - , 2N17"'J
\. ARCO -40 2 ,. 001 :
I. F.
f!)--to-+'-::H~H f+~H

fE SONAT[

, ~,
AT LF.

I "70 pf,l' ~ ,l330pf .. KEEP Tl€SE l£AD S SlotORT.

: 8YPI\SSES M€. BUTTON MICA
IL ERlE 6!)4-orr,CENTRALAB za- oa :
•
!lES0HAT[ AT
SIGNAL FREQ

Fig. 1. 432 me co nve rte r. Thi s is a mode rn versi on of th e 4 3 2 me conve rter desc ribed in th e March
a nd Apr il 196 1 7 3 ' s. Whil e the only c hanges ore in th e rf a m pl ifie rs, th e rest of th e circuit is included
so tha t you con ma ke th e conve rte r wit hout referr ing to those ea rly issues.

"ho t" as th e X~I0 6 that I used in the first a hole in th e ch assis, with abo u t a sixte enth
HF ) . When a TI ·400 was also in th e first HF of an inch of free lead. T he button byp ass
the noise figure wa s a little bit worse th an sh ould be about a thousand pf.
with the X~1 06. The main point is to keep Wh en I tr y to use a lower capacitanc e by-
the grounded elect rode lend sha rf. D on't use pass the stag e goes in to some sort of I-IF para-
a socket. ANY length is und esirable. Th e first sitic oscilla tio n. Th e emitte r retu rn ra n ou tsid e
stage em itter was ru n to the tab of a mit-a th e chassis a wa ys; th en cam e -beck in to go
button Ieed th rough which was soldered in to to the pot in th e bias circuit. It see ms that

Ph tlco conv e rte r as mod i-

fied. Input is a t right wit h
p rotec t ive diode ac ross
the first coil. T he tran-
s istor is just visib le to th e
left of the fi rst shie ld .
It' s a sma ll p lastic half
sp he re .

APRil 1966
"
 Top vie w of the front e nd of the con verter show-
ing th e e mit te r re turn from the first rf ampl ifier.

for any tr an sistor type the re is a best curren t

to run at, and it may vary b y two to one
amon g transistors of a given typ e, thus th e
ad justm ent. Tu rn po t for be st signal-to-noise
ratio; the inp ut tunin g an d th e Area tr imm er
are also adj usted for best N F or best s/ n on
a weak signal; g rab the align ing tool and have
a ball.
The \ V3IIIX converter sh own in th e pi c-
tures belongs to WIYWQ. It is set up for 5.6
me if and th e noise figure measu res about 4
db . The image ratio is 21 db, so there is un der
on e per cent im ag e no ise power con tribu tion ,
• Technical Sessions not eno ugh to matter. I wo u ld advise 14 m e if
for easy tuneup in 432 converters, but this one
• Exhibits wo rks ve ry we ll. .
Th e diode I used was an l1A-450C . These
• Awards are no longer mad e. The modern type would
• Forums - VHF, OX, SSB, RTTY, pr obably be an MA432lB (wire lead ) but if
you tried..to b uy on ly one you might de cid e
Antennas, Army MARS that th e m oney wo uld be just as well spen t on .
a good coax relay. I use two in cascade in th e
• Women's Act iv ities receiver line. and get less signal with the re-
• Homebrew Contest lays in th e transmit position than wi th the
pa tch ca}Jlli .di sconn ect ed and the end con-
• Hidden Transm itter Hunt n ector exposed .
. . . W lOOP
• Flea Market
Coil a n d P a rt s D a ta
Ll and L2 a re on d ia gram.
FCC EXAM: 0 900 Saturday, April 16. Gen- L3. t he co il m ar k e d "resonate at if " in the emitter of
the mixer, Is 14 turns ,# 28 on ~'4'" iron slug fo nn.
e ral Cla ss only. U , m arked " resonate a t signa l frequency" is about
one tum # 22 3/16'" di ameter.
LS . 18 turns # 28 closewound on %'" fonn w it h iron
For i nfo rm o tio n, mop, o ccommodotions , writ. : slug.
DllIyton HomyenUon, Departm ent M, Bo x 44, L6. 3 tum li n k on 1.5.
L7 . 10 tu rns #20 ti n n e d copper %'" In, %'" lon g .
Dayton, O hio 4.5401 LB. 3 turns ;;:20 t in ned co pper %'" In.
L9. 5 t u rns # 18 tin ned co pper ~4 '" In. %,'" lon g . Tap
at 1 %" turns from grou n d.
LI0 Is on di a gra m .
C8 a n d C9 are 1_18 p f p ist on t r immers.
CIO and Cll are .5- 8 pf p iston t ri m m er s.

56 73 MAGAZINE
SWAN is nBig DXer's" Choice! Sho wn to the le ft is "Butch" Greve. W9EWC (Ea t Wis-
c o ns in Ch e ese ), operating his new SWAN 400 mobile
rig . Butch , who started operating in 1925, has con-
firm ed hundreds of countries and holds many DX Con-
test Certificates. The W9EWC home station is located
a t # 1 Cheddar lane. Hilbert, Wisconsin. When Butch
is not Hamming, he is busy manufacturin g the famous
Wispride Cheese .

TERRY SEZ . '. .

If you are int e re s t e d in any new
gear . do as Butch did and get
Amateur Electronic Supply' s
t errific deal. Not only can we
give you a top trade-in allow-
ance for your good used g ear ;
but . if you use our Sta y-on-the-
Air Plan . y ou can kee p your
trade-in. unt il your ne w ge a r
arr ives . You will never miss a
s ing le QSO! Get our trade deal
Terry Sterm an t od a y ! - use handy coupon
W9DIA below - you a re und er no obli-
P roprie tor gation .
350 Transceiver . • • ••• • •••• •••••• •• 1..14 .08) $395 .00
400 Transceiver • • • •• • •. •• • ••••• • •• .(14.08) 395.00
Mark I Linear - less tubes .• • • •. . • •• 1.. 15 . (6 ) 425.00
Two 3-400Z tub es for above ••• •••. ..• 12.27 ) 68 .00
405 MARS oscillator,S fix ed c ha n ne ls . 11.44) 45.00 USE O R ENCLO SE THIS COUPON WITH
406 Phone Band VFO. ••• •• • •... •. ... 12 .52 ) 75 .00 ANY ORDER AND . . WE ·LL SHIP . _ • •
410 Full Co verage VFQ , • • •• •••• •• •• ~ i3 .25} 95.00
22 Dual VFO Ada ptor . •• •.• ••... •... •.
II7XC Il7v . AC Suppl y w/cab . & s pkr . n .88 )
14-117 lZv. DC Supply w/cabl e • • • . ••• .(4.1 5)
VX-I Plug-in VOX for 350 & 400 .. •.• ••
SSB-2 Sel ecta ble Sideband Kit for 350 • •
25 .00
85.00
120. 00
35.00
18.00
PREPAID
IOOke Calibrator Kit for 3 5 0 • .• ••• • • •• • 19.50
Delu xe Mobile Mounting Kit. • . . ,_• . . . . . .
10 Meter Fu ll Co verage Kit (e arl y 350'5 )
19 .50
15 .00 ••••••••• • ••••••••
RC-2 Trun k Remote Control Uni t • • . . .•• 25.00 • To: AMATEUR ELECTRONIC SUPPLY.
45 Swantenna - Manual • .• ••• • _• ••• •• J.2. 16) 65.00 • 4828 West Fond du Lac Avenue •
5S Swantenna - Remote Contr ol. .(3. 2 5 ) 95.00
230XC DOv . AC Supply w/cab. & s pkr , D .25 ) 95.00 • Milwaukee. Wisconsin 53216-7 •
I

•• ••
14 -2 30 I2v . DC Supply w/230v . Basic • .(4 .5 1) 130.00 • I ain interested in the foll owing new equipment:
117- X Basi c I 17v. AC Su ppl y only • • . • .(1 . 16 ) 65 .00

·•••
2 3 0-X Basic DOv . AC Supp ly only . . •. •( 1.52 ) 75 .00
14 -X 12v . DC Module w/cab le . .• •••.. .( 1.80) 55 .00

.'•
Cabinet & Speaker w/AC line cord .• •. • • 20 .00 • I have the followirtg ·lo trade: (what's your dea l?) . '
1 17v. or 230v . line cord . .. • •• • •... _•. . 5 .00
8 fo ot powe r s u pp ly cable • .•• • • • • . • • . • 3 .00
• Sh ip me PR EPAID(your expense) the following items:
••
•
The payments shown above are for a as-month time-payment
plan with $5.00 down . The minimum tota l order that may be
financed for 12 months is S60.00; for 24 months - SI20.00;
for 36 months - $180.00. NOW! Our t ime-payment plan offers
a IDS-d ay pay-off option! • I enc lose S
•
I wiII pay ba lance (if any) •

AMATEUR
•
• D COD D 1year D 2years D 3 years
•
•

ELECTRONIC •
• Name
••

SUPPLY •
• Address

• City
• ••

•
4828 West Fond du Lac Avenue • Slate Zi p . ·
Milwaukee, W isconsin 5 3216 ~7 • D Send Reconditioned Equipment Bulletin ••
Phone (414) 442 -4200 ••••••••••••••••••
=
Power Control Through
Magnetic Beaming
In a recent article in the Cathod e Press,
mem bers of the staff of M nchlet t Lab ora tories
have discu ssed a magnetically be am ed, super
po wer tu be. Brie fly, the somewha t random
and irr egul ar m ove men ts of the elec trons in
their pa ssage from cathode to an ode have
b een r egimen ted-elect ronk ally speaking- and
wit h their passage thru the grid ba rri er thus
exp ed ited , th e resu ltant h as tw o ve ry b en efi-
cia l facto rs : lower driving power than usua l
for triodes, and higher plat e efficien cy than
would otherwise be expected. The magne tic
"assistance" to the electron How also ca uses
more of th e ca thode em ission to mig ra te to
th e p late ; and th ose elec tron s so diver ted will
result in less heating of the control grid stru c-
ture . T he for egoin g is a somewha t b rief and
ungu arded ana lysis of the orig inal stor y.
Always eager to ap p ly new de velop men ts
51
Neil Joh nson W20LU
7 4 Pine T ree Lone
Tappen, N.Y .
to ama te u r ra dio , I beg an experim entation
with a re ceiving typ e tube and a p ermanent
magnet . The vacu um tube was a ty pe 6CL6,
connected as a hi gh-mu tri od e; th e m agnet
utilized was a Lafayett e «p owe r magn et" th eir
st ock n umber 14R3 30 2 . T h e circuit u tilized
was as shown in Fig. 1. F or some inexp licab le
reaso n, ou r magnetic " be aming" d id not see m
to sp eed lip the electron flow ; but it wa s pos-
srb'e to d ecrease the flow of electrons by tre-
mend ous ratios. The failure to obtain the
exp ec ted p osit ive results might lie in the fact
f lat mo st re ceivin g tub es are ma de wi th mag-
netic m ate rials in , th -tr an ode structu res; or it
might possib ly b e that the grids in th e tub e
und er tes t were quit e closely sp aced. W hereas
the grid wires in th e p ower tube under origi-
Ha l di scu ssion were relatively wid e ap ar t in
the ir spacing .
In our first experime ntal setup, th e m agn et
sat atop the tube, wit h the glass tip of the
6C L6 projecting thru a ho le in th e ce nt ra l to p
of th e magn et. By simply rotating th e magnet,
our previous "normal" pl ate current of 10 .
milliamperes was reduced to a low current of
30 m icro -amperes, for a ratio. of 330 to 1. See
Fig. 2 sket ch ,
Ou r n ext atte mpt at controlling th e m ag -
ne tic flux- \WIS to insert the Be L6 tube inside
the cu rved pa rt of th e magne t . T he soft iron
ba r, or "keeper" was kep t separate d 3/16"
from th e pole p ieces of the magnet prop er by
spacing with T eflon b locks . W e b egan th is
experiment with a "norm" of 9 rna of plate
current-e-i.e., with no magnet. Thro ugh rotat-
ing th e tube an d b y slid ing it back and forth
insid e of th e m agnetic field, it was p ossible to
reduce pl ate cu rrent to 2 m icro -amper es, u s-
in g «magnetic cut-off." This gave us a cont rol
ratio of 4500: 1. See F ig. 2.
Someh ow we ke p t obta ining the imp ression
that we were not quite "on the ball" in apply-
ing our theories, so the Teflon spacer blocks
(thru which the magn etic Hux had to pass to
71 MAGAZINE
 .
I
~~
'" 1M 4 0 0'1
=== 6CL6 1.5 t< +150 '1
~, .
~6.3V
Fig. 1. Circui t for ma gn etic cont rol expe rime nt .
circu late fro m pole pieces to the magneti c
keeper ) were increasd to 9/1 6 inch and wh ile
going th rou gh the sa me rout ine, the 9 ma
nor mal current was d ecreased to ap pro xi-
mately 1 micr o-amp ere, for a ra tio of rou ghly
10,000 to one.
StilI feeling somew hat fru stra ted , we hit
up on th e idea of leav ing off th e "kee pe r" and
so th e magnet was employed witho ut any
auxiliary agent, other than th e va cu um lu be
und er investig at ion. T his setup result ed in
the 9 to 10 rna "norm" of pl ate cu rrent bein g
red uced to ~ micro-ampere. T his wo uld signify
a control ra tio of approximat ely 20 ,000 to 1.
This was the result of careful pla cem ent of th e
tube wit hin th e magnetic field , but i t wa s no
"freak» for the expe riment wa s read ily rep ro-
du cible .
While our or iginal goal of in creased sensi-
tivit y wa s not reach ed , it is felt th at th e
method outlined d oes hav e promise for cer-
tain am ateu r app licat ions. W ith a power ra tio
in th e neighborhood of 43 d ecibel s, it is ev i-
dent that we d o h ave q u ite a range of con trol
h ere. D esigning a suitable electro-magn et
shou ld not be too d ifficult a ma tter, and suc h
circuitry could be used for on-off powe r con-
trol (keying? ) - possibly for increm ental power
con trol. T his suggests, possibly, some form of
modulation. L ack of ti me at ho me, p lus a
heavy wo rk sch ed ule, h as kep t m e from pur-
suin g th is id ea any furth er at th is time. R ather
tha n let th e idea di e, it is being passed along
to th e frat ern ity for wh atever mod ifications,
app licatio ns, add itions and results they mi gh t
obtain . Good hu nt in g!
. . . W20LU
Fig . 2 . Experi ment 1 gav e 10 ma "norma l" f low
a nd 30 uc at " magnetic cut off ," l.e. , when mag-
net ic fl ux cuts e lectro n bea m c t 90 deg rees .
APRIL 1966
NEW
PRODUCTS
pa g e 115
N avem be r
1965
This exclus ive an d amazing system
possesses the un1qu e prop erty of
an even p e rfOl'ma nc e over all fr e ·
que nde s b etween ' .4·30 Me/s.
Every JOYSTICK System is supplied comp let e
wit h feed e r a nd a n an tenna matching unit-
selected by you to suit your pers onal set-u p.
It is rea dy to go on th e ai r a nd gives an un-
precedented ' lif t' t o sig na l s t reng t hs es pecially
for 'cl iff' an d 'cave' d well er~EVE N FROM
UNDERGROUND! Natu ra lly t he a dvan tag es of
using t he 'JOYSTICK' ' up-i n-tne - c1ea r' a re eve n
g rea te r!
4,000 licensed sta t ions e nd SWLS a ll over t he
world ha ve a lread y found th a t t his is th e f irst major
brea k-t hrough for 20 yea rs in the fie ld of ae rials.
The perf orma nce for such a compa ct unit is s tag-
ge ring. Even t he skeptics ha ve bee n convinced once
t hey have unders to od t he basic principles a nd ha ve
followed t he simple 'lo ad a nd dip' proced ure given
in the inst r uct ions.
N EW JOYSTICK RAN GE
There is now a whole new - ra nge of Joyst ick Systems--mad e
to ma tch your QTH, your rig a nd your pocket! The SYSTEMS
cover TXjRX, SWt, indoor a nd out doors, mobile a nd evee a
new JOYMAST! Made only in the finest material s th e SYS-
TEMS oro reli a ble a nd perma nent!
ZL4GA
WOR KS GSWP
ON 80 METRES
INDOOR5--Zl4GA's JOYSTICK got him 569 on 3.5 mcs fr om
G5WP on 21st Fe brua ry, 1965 a t 0850 GMT. AICl n had worked
VE7BIY on 3.5 mcs a t 559 C1nd a lso logged S9 countri es on
14 m / cs by t haJ l1ofe, inclu ding l U1HBS an d 9M4LP. Test i_
monials continue t o ·pour in- reod W 10E's fonto stlc result s!
P,,' d dg, cpere te • dg ;',
GUARANTEE 1DO% Money Bac k Guara n-
tee if you' re not comp let ely
satisfied !
READ ALL ABOUT IT!
This tic ket will bring you th e new broch ures by return of
ma il!
~ --
I
- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --- --- - - - -- - ,I
Please send brochures and testimonials.
I I
I Nam e Ca ll I
I I
1 Address I
I I
I City Sta te Zip Cod. I
I I
I Part ridge Elec tro nics, Ltd., Depa rt ment 3 I
I PROSPECT RD., IIROADSTAIRS. KfNl . ENGLAND. . I
~-- ----- - -- - - ---- - - -- - - - ------ -~
"

Vertical Antenna Band
Changing Unit
In these days of the wa ning sunspots, in-
crea sed attention is be ing dir ected toward effi-
cient low angle vertical antennas for th e 80
and 40 meter bands. One of th e mor e popular
ante nnas is the 40 to 45 foot radiator with an
ap propriate tun ing net work at the base to en-
able ope ration on 80, 40 , an d 20 me ters. Such
an a n te nna was very ad equately de scribed in
th e Augu st '63 issue of 73.
\Vhile thi s typ e of antenna is convenient to
use from the standpoint of three b and opera-
tion in one antenna, it is verv inco nvenient to
make th e trek to the base cf th e antenna to
change b ands, particularl y whe n the snow is
knee de ep. Thi s is the situa tion which bro ught
about this very simp le and inexpensive rem ote
bandchan gin g setu p .
F irst consideration wa s given to motor
d rive n swit ches, but th ey we re ru led ou t d ue
to thei r tendency to get stiff d uring very cold
weather. T his left relays as the only practi cal
answer to dependable all weather op erati on .
Briefly the operation is as follows: When
Kl and K2 are both de-en ergized th e coax
from th e tran sm itter is connected to the 20
meter tap on the coil. \Vhen only K1 is en-
ergized, th e coax is connectod to the 8 0 met er
tap and th e ante nna is also chang ed to th e
80 mete r tap on th e coil. Wh en both Kl and
K2 are en ergized, the coax is connec ted to on e
side of the capacitor "C" and th e antenn a is
w,J
60- 40
RElAYS SMOWN
DE- ENERGIZED
~:t
jlJlL:.. ,
~w~
I ~
"~
I
'"
ll ~
I&Tc eo
C. ~
"
Fig. 1. Ch angeover uni t dia gra m.
60
Henry Howe W7 BWB
E. 2807 38th Aven ue
Spokcne, Wash ington
connected to the other side of th is capacitor.
Fi gs. I and 2 sho uld be very self-explana-
tory but a few p oints should be kept in min d.
First , low volta ge DC relays should be used
to minimize the possibility of volta ge br eak-
down in the buried control cable. Only two
wires are necessary as the rela y coils are op-
erate d against gr ound. It will be ne cessary to
tie one or tw o wires of the antenna gro un d
system to th e hou se ground to insure a good
low resistance return for the relay coils. Two
conductor # 14 house wirin g suita ble for direct
burial is excellent for th is purp ose, part icularly
on a long r un where voltage d rop migh t be-
come a prob lem . T he rela y contacts should be
capable of hand ling at least 5 amps.
The inte rcon nections be tw een relays, coil
and anten na sho uld be kept as short as pos-
sible. Also, an antenna current me ter may be
inser ted at point ,"X".
The pur pose of this article is only to de -
scribe a remote ban dch an ge-over unit and
sho uld not be used to construct the who le
antenna system itself. F or this, the reade r
should refer to Brier's article on Vertical An-
tennas in the August 1963 issue- of 73.
Good luck and may you keep your feet
dry! . . . \v711WB
Parts Lis t
K l, K2 -Low voltage D C rela ys w ith h i-curren t con-
b,"
TI-8u i tabl e v ol ta ge for above r el a ys; a p p rox 1 amp
DI- 100 p iv 2 amp silicon d iod es
,ox
SW I-2 pole 3 po si ti on r ota r y s w it ch
C2~5 00 p,f §O_vo l t El ectr oly ti c
1 '"
'"'
o $I-.:'~l
,,,
: ,,,
,,,
,,
w ,
,
o SI· 8 ~
"
"IOc
00
-
Fig. 2. Powe r supp ly a nd con t rol.
73 MA GAZI NE
r;--:- - =_. ~

,LQQK I
I ~,~ 350-12 DC PIS
B&W
5100B
$ 89
LSA-3 linear w AC P/ S 99

99
HALLICRAFTERS
SX-62
SX-96
SX-99
SX-IOO
SX-IOI
$119
99
59
119
129
HX·20 exciter
MR-I
MT-I
139
39
39
RX-l Mohawk Receiver 139
SB-IO SSB Adapter
TX-I Apache
59
109
SX-IOIA 169 JOHNSON
20-A $ 99 SX-lII 159
100-V 379 SX-1I7 249 Ranger $ 85
200-V 469 SX-140 59 Viking I 49
Viking 11 69

I~
600-L linea r 169 HT-32 209
HT-32A 259 Va liant 129
HT-37 199 Valiant II 179
roW"
75A-I
75A-3
$129
199
HT-40 59 Viking 500
Desk Kilowatt
199
559
HT41 linear 179
75A-4 399 SR -I50 All Band xcvr 339
75S-1 259 NATI ONAL
SR-160 tribander 219
• 75S-3 449 PS-150-AC 69 NCX-3 xcvr $239
_ 75S-3B 489 NCX-5 xcvr 499
32V-3 PS-ISO-DC 75
149 NCX-A AC PI S 75
! KWM -2 795 HAMMARLUND NCX-D DC PIS 69
5IJ-3/R-388 399 HQ -IOO $ 89 HRO-50 119
312B-4 125 HQ-IOOA 129 HRO-60 189
DRAKE HQ-II0 99 NC-88 49
HQ-129 79 NC-98 59
2-A $139 HQ-140X NC-140 89
2-B 99
189 HQ-170 189 NC-155 99
TR-3 399

!
HQ-180 259 NC-183 69
AC-3 59 NC-270 139
2-AQI2BQ 25 HEATH 139
2-AC Cali brator NC-300 ' _
15 DX-35 $ 35
EICO DX-40 39 SWAN
DX-60 59 SW-120 $119
720 90 watt xmtr $ 59 DX-IOO 69
730 Modulator 35 SW-140 119
DX-100B 89 SW-175 149
ELOrCO HA-IO Warrior 159 SW-240 219
SS8 -100 SSB exciter $ 99 HA-14 Com pact Linear 89 SW-350 329
HP-IO DC PIS 25 SW-400 299
ELMAC HP-13 DC PIS 49 Swan AC PIS 65
AF-67 $ 49 HP-14 KW DC PI S 85 Swan DC PIS 85
AF-68 75 HP-20 AC P/S- 29
PMR-7 39 HP-23 AC PIS 35 SBE
PMR-8 59 HR-20 All Band Rec_ 89 SB-33 $199
M-1070 6/ 121l1 0V PIS 39 HW-12 80 meters 119 SB-34 349
HW-22 40 meters 109 SBI-LA linear 169
GLOBE HW-32 20 meters 109 SB-33 DC PIS - 49
Champion (as is) $ 30 HX-lO Ma rauder 199 SB3-DCP KW DC PIS 199
Globe Ki ng 500A 199

If Globe Scout 65
transmitter
Globe V-IO VEO
25
25 ORDER TODAY!
GONSEr
Globe PSA-63 PIS
755 VFO
25
25

M\ Equipment
I
-~ I~- ­
GSB -IOO xmtr $189
GSB-201 2 KW Model 219 Completely

!
159
t-76 AC PIS 59 lleconditioned
G-76 DC PIS (new)
G-76 DC PIS
Com municator VfO
59
45 'toU
CI\Wl BEl\l
Edwards
l L . :4/22 0
39
OUR PRICES Electron ics
TElEPHONE POrter 2·8759
1320 19TH S1. / LUBBOCK, TEXAS 79401

A PRIL 1966 61

Choosing IF and Mixe r Frequencies
\ Vhen building rece ivers or converters, one
of the mos t imp ortant steps is the choice of
suitable if and mixer frequenci es. Most am a-
teurs follow the simp le ru le of thumb that the
int erm ediat e-freq uency must be grea ter than
5% of th e center frequency in an r-E stage. In
amateur b and receivers this difficultv is u sually
solved with a first if of around 16'00 kc in a
du al conve rsion arrangement .
H owever, when th e desired signal and high-
frequ ency oscillator arc mixed to obtain an
output at the intermediate-frequency, the mix-
ing process inherently gen era tes har monics of
th e two inco ming signa ls. Con sequently, spu-
rious signa ls occur at the se harmonics and t he
various combinat ions of th eir Stuns and dif-
feren ces. If th ese spurious signals are no t con -
sidered wh en selecting an if fre quency, some
may fall wit hin the if pass band where they
cannot be filtered out. In ma ny case s th is will
result in undesirable distortion of th e if signa l,
or a t the very least, annoying "birdies."
Man y charts and grap hs have bee n pub -
lished which may be used for this purpose ,
but in most case s the y are so comp lex th ey do
not simplify the task. The inf ormation shown
in F igs. 1 and 2 is ident ical to that normally
available , but it is arr anged in a form that is
easily used . \Vith these gra phs it b ecomes
readily app arent when a parti cular mixer fre -
q uency will produ ce undesirable "birdies ." Al-
though these graphs include only those signa ls
gen erated by the first six harm on ics of the
two mixing: frequencies, harmonics higher than
this are usually of suc h low magnitude th at
th ey ca use no pr ob lems in ama teur applica -
tions. Because of th e different relation ship s in
Fh + F. y .
Fp,:!: 2 F. 2Fh-~.
Fh :!; Y . 6'S -F h 2F.
Fh :r 4F. Y.- Fp,
F~ :t ~~I
Fh :!; 61'.
T'
Fig . 1. Diffe rence freque ncy output .
62
Jim Fisk WA6BSO
1560 Glenc rest Ct .
San Jose, Cal iforn ia
the mixing process, two graphs are required,
one whe re the if is at the diffe rence of the
two incoming signa ls, the other at their sum.
The on ly informa tion required to use thes e
charts is the ra tio of the lowe r frequency (F s )
to th e higher fre quency (1'\) . This ratio indi-
ca tes th e entry point to the cha rt.
Fo r exam ple, assume that we are selecting
an if freq ue ncy for a 6 met er converter. If
we were to selec t an if of 30 me, a 20 me local
oscillator would be required for th e desired
difference freq uency output. Computing the
rat io of FI;/F11' 20/ 50 = 0.4, we wou ld look at
this point on th e differe nce frequency graph
of Fig. 1. H ere we find th at th ere are two
spurious sig nals that fall in the center of the
=
if passba nd, 4F,- F" (80 me-50 me 30 me)
and 3F ,,-6F, (15 0 me-120 me = 30 me ).
Obviously this is a poor choice .
H ow about a tunab le if from 7 to 11 me?
This wou ld require a local oscillator of 43 me;
compute th e rat io F,jF u at both ends of the
band : 43/50 = 0.860; and 43/ 54= 0.796 .
L ooking at the chart we see that no spurious
signals are present at these frequenci es, but
note the bird ies th at fan between the se two
limits at 0.8, 0.83.3 and 0.85f. v Vith an if that
tun es from 7 to 11 mc to cover th e 50 to 54
me ban d, thi s ind icates that birdies would ap -
pear at 5 ~ .75 , 51.6 2, and 50.18.
Consider the ever-popu lar 14 to 18 me tuner ·
commonlv used bv amateurs with VHF con-
verters. To tun e tile six meter ban d, a crystal
controlled local oscillato r at 36 "me will mix
with sigll ~l~..i.n the 50 to 54 mc range and pro-
vide the requi red output . Let's comp ute th e
F ,jF h ra tios and see what kind of birdi es w e
4F. -Fh
3F h-6F.
6 F.-2 Fh
73 MA GAZI NE
I' ll 1', '2fh -GF,
I'll 2 1'. 2F~ -~.
F~
F~
I' ll
V.
~.
$1'.
'"
2F~- 4 ,,"
I' ll 6F.
Fig. 2 . Sum frequency outpu t .
have; 36/ 50 = 0.720 and 36/ 54
Looking at th e chart of F ig. 1, we can see
that there are three prominent birdi es coin-
ciding with th e rat io 0.667. Since in all p rob-
ability we would n't be int erested in op era ting
at a band-ed ge anyway, these birdies are
probably not significant. However , look at the
0.714 point on the gra p h; a big fat birdy cor-
responding to 5004 on the dial!
To ob tain an if tuning range large enough
to cover the entire six me te r ba nd an d yet
avoid spuri ous signals it is necessar y to locat e
an area be tween two birdies that is wide
enough to cover th e enti re band . One way of
doing thi s is to op erate at th e upper p ar t of
the grap h between 0.857 and 1.0. We may
rearrange the F sl F b ratio so that when we
know th e required ratio ( grea ter than 0.857
in this case) we can find the required local
oscillator frequency:
F, = 0.857 F"
From our exampl e in th e 6 meter band,
F, = 0.857 x 54 me = 46.278 me
T o prev ent a hirdy from ap p earing at 54 me
on th e converte r dial, the local oscillat or fre-
qu enc y should be slightly high er than this
minimum to ensure that the sPUri011S response
is well outsid e the if p assband . Using a local
oscillato r of 47 me and a tunab le if from 3 to
7 mc would meet th ese req uirements.
T hese examples have all assumed the use
of a crysta l controlled local oscillat or, but in
some cases a tu nab le oscillator may be de -
sirab le . As an example we might consider an
if of 7 me and a tunab le local oscillator from
43 to 47 me. Compute the F slFh ra tios at the
ends of the band : 43/50 0.860 and 47/54 = termediate freq uen cy.
= 0.870 . Note in these two equations that the
local oscillator freq uen cy ( F g ) is different be-
cau se it is tunab le . Looking at the chart in
F ig. 1, no birdie s app ear between 0.86 and
0 .87 on the cha rt so this is a perfectl y satisfac-
tory cho ice. Going back for a moment, you
will remember tha t a tuna ble if from 7 to· 11
me resu lted in birdies; here we can see that
a tunable oscillator and an if
AP RIL 1966
y.
5F, · Fri
'Ill.·5f.
6F.-FIl
Yp,·~F.
'T'
""1-:;'1'"
o •
~ ;
= 0.667. doe s not . Obv iouslv in some cases a tunable
oscillator is a defi~ite adv anta ge ( uot with-
standing the p roblem of oscillator stability ) .
Th ese examples have assumed that th e local
oscillator is lower th an the sig nal freq ue ncy,
but a similar met hod is used whe n th e local
oscillator is higher. The only thing to remem-
ber is th at the lower frequ en cy is always di-
vided by the high er frequency to obtain th e
necessary ratio. In some case s the use of a
higher oscillator frequency w ill mov e the ra tio
to a poin t on the grap h that is free of spurious
signals. In commercia l amateu r band receiver;
thi s techniq ue is sometimes used in th e 3.5 to
4 me band.
Choosing an int ermed iate-frequency w here
th e desired bandwid th is not too grea t presen ts
few er difficulties than where a wide ban d-
wid th is required. T his is evide nt on 144 mc
where the entire two meter band is a rela tively
small percenta ge of the operatin g freq uency.
I n th is case it becomes qu ite ea sy to sandw ich
the desired tun ing .runge het weee- the spurious
signa ls 0 11 the graph . For instance, a tunable
if from 27 to 3 1 me (l ocal oscillat or at ] 15
me ) would be qu ite suita ble for the two meter
band because the F J F h ratios would fa ll be-
tween the birdies at 0 .75 and 0.8 on the gra ph
and no sp urious responses wou ld fall within
the tuning range of the converter. .
The sum frequency graph of F ig. 2 is used
in exactly th e- same way as Fig. 1 excep t tha t
it is oriented toward those cases where a sum-
freq uency mixing process might be desirab le.
Usually this will occu r when mixing a very-
low-freq uency signal up to some sta ndard in-
T hese grap hs have proved to be particu-
larl y usefu l when selecting a commo n inter-
mediate-frequency for several different VnF
converters or when choosing irs for homebrew
amateur ba nd receivers. \ Vith out a graph of
this type it becom es a hit or miss situ ation
with a good prnbability of difficnlties witb
unwanted spurious sign als.
output of 7 me WA6BSO
63
 THE cfi!i!jT'Q1D NEWS T .M.

FROM " Th e home o f the orig i n a ls" Number 1 of a series

T hi s is tile first article in a series dealing with hints and kinks in

antenna installation to help amateurs obtain the very best in mobile or
ba se -station antenna performance. \

The elusive ground

Ama te urs are relying m o re on the a nte n na manufacturer for in f or m ati on
cr it ica l to his pa rti cu lar anten na ins t allat ion . T od ay, ma ny va riab les i n rad io
sys tem d esi gn s make this a di ff ic ult tas k. T he New-Tro nics peop le fe el a
we ll e ng i neered p ro duct sho uld be devoid of su nd ry outboard art icles.
Specifical ly, a nten nas wit ho ut special coa x le ngths, base t un in g or m at ching.
Contrary to po pula r be lie f, you can co ntrol base i m pe dan ce a nd you can
m ainta in a reaso nable ope rati on Q yet ret ain ban dw id th and m inim um SWR.
Amateu r mobi le an tennas req u ire good ground p lan e sys tems. An a uto body
can ' t alway s be co nsidered gro u nd u nl ess u nitized elect rically in t o a co mmo n
grou nd . Ofte n, fe nde rs, hoo ds an d tr un k lid pa ne ls have bee n foun d co m -
plete ly in sul ated fr om the rest of t he body du e t o pa int. To co mp licate this,
th e body itself is ofte n insulated from t he f ra me . In some cases, b u m pe rs and
even engines are not grou nded to the f ram e or body. The on ly su re-fire way
to solve t his elus ive g rou nd p rob lem is to b raid or braze all ve hicle sectio ns
together.
So metimes low SWR ca nnot be obtai ned , hen ce, base i m ped ance is t ho ught
in correct. (Wit h a Hustle r Anten na, this wou ld n or m all y be an improp er instal -
lati on and/or grou nd ing.) A fores ho rte ned mobile a nten na, rega rdl ess of how
w ell it ' s made. co ntai ns ind ucta nce or loa d ing w hi ch ca uses less t han opti mum
pe rfo rma nce . Load ed an te n nas at best ca nnot eq ua l t he perform an-ce of ful l-
size cou nterpa rts. So, im pr oved perform an ce actua lly mea ns a few DB less loss.
Hig he r pow er capability and increased perf or m an ce go ha nd in ha nd .
Howeve r, high powe r capabil ity d ictates use of big wire wh ich nor m all y pro-
d uces very high Q, ve ry na rrow ba ndwid th an d ve ry low base imped ance.
Un li ke most ante n na ma n ufactu rers, t he Hustle r pe op le will not com p rom ise.
They select wire for Hustler ante nnas whic h per m it s highe r cur re nt wit h less
heat ing. T hey a lso sel ect t he be st LC rat io betwee n th e indu ct an ce an d ti p-rod ,
le ng t h of t he base sectio n and size an d pitch of thewire , Ca ref ul ha nd li ng of
t hes e va riab les p rov ides the opt imu m m o bile ante nna .
Fo r hi g h power ca pability, 52 ohm base i mpeda nce, widest possib le ba nd -
wid th, very low SWR reson an ce a nd m echanical ly soun d weat he rp roof co n-
st ruct io n, f ind your el usive g rou nd . Then , fo r peak performa nc e, insta ll an
all ne w Super Hu stl er Anten na.

Yours to rtop "0".'"".,,:;-..:;.(

J. L. Taylo r, Manager, Elect ron ic Sales W8EEC

NEW-TRONICS CORP. /3455 Vega Ave" Cleveland, Ohio 44113 "m ·A

64 73 MAGAZINE
 I' 14LL NEW from NEW-TRONICS
I

S UPER

unbelievable mobile performance

The Super Hustler has . ..
High Power Capability-Capable of maximum legal limit o n SSB .
Widest Bandwidth - Bell er than ever . . . maintains minimum
SWR over phon e portion of 40, 20, 15, and 10, - 60 KC wide
at 2 to 1 SWR on 75 meters.
Low SWR - 1.1 to 1 or better at resonance .. . no special matc h-
ing required.
Proper Base Impedance - Nominal 52 ohm s at resonance - no
magic lengths of feed line or matching de vices required .
Low Frequency Drift - Frequ ency drift from heat he ld to abso-
lute minimum.

Here's 413 reasons for exceptional performance.

M ~-Zo~:i-;;;;;;;-n~;;;;;';i~;vid~;;"~~~;;;;;~:--
lated from eac h oth er for top performance value.
See the new Super Hustler at your
distributor NOW . . . get the facts.
SWR cha rt and com -
parative information
supplied on requ est.
6126· A

SEE US AT THE DAYTON HA M V ENTION APRI L 15- 16- 17, 1966

APRIL 1966 6S

Mobile Burglar Insurance
About the must popula r items on the ham
market today. judging from th e offerings of
the major rad io m anufacturers, are th e small
rela tively inexp en sive trans ceivers TImv begin-
ning to dom inate th e market. No t th e least
imp ortant asp ect of th is populari ty is th e mo-
bile cap ab ility design ed into these units. xt ost
of us want the op tion of going mobi le even
though th e pro ba b ility of our d oing so, except
for th e annua l vacati on , is normally quite re -
mo te . A strong ar gument against goin g mobile
is th e very real possibili ty of h avin g the gear
stolen. I t isn't unusual for the radi o equ ip-
m ent to be worth mor e th an th e au tomob ile
in wh ich it is in st alled (m y case ) ; and it's a
b rave man , indeed , who will sleep sou n dly in
his motel bed while th e family bus is parked
outsid e with noth ing mo re than the car door
locks to protect th at n ew transceiver.
T his article will provide some ideas For
automobile burglar alarms guarantee d to dis-
courage all but th e most determined burglars.
On e sys tem has been installed in myoId hack
for th e past four years and no t once h as my
"S" line been stolen; but what is more irnp or-
tant , I' ve been able to slee p soun d ly at an y-
bod y's mo tel without the slightes t worry over
'raving th e old b us and its contents disturbed.
The h eart of all the simple ala rm systems is
th e au tomo bile horn . Using th e d om e light
Fig. 1. Mobile burglar Insurance.
66
Jac k D. Bruce WA 6UVS
Carmel, Cal ifornia
switch as an actuator the horn is ma de to
b low wh en ev er the door is opened. No thing
could be more elemen ta ry than thi s system
since it involv es b ut a single switch and a
piece of h ook- u p wire. A recent ma ga zin e
article cove red th is d esign and I'm sure its
author mu st be a real wri ting "Pro" to h ave
expanded suc h a simple id ea into an in terest-
ing ar ticle.
A ma jor improvemen t on thi s basic system
can be acc omplished wit h the ad dition of a
few simple parts. \Vith thi s improvement the
horn will blow in a series of stacc a to bla sts
whe n th e d oor is opene d , and unlike the basic
svstem which will cut -off whe n the door is
closed , thi s one will con tin ue to operate un til
th e deactivate swi tch is pu shed. Moreover
since the h orn bl asts are not continuous th ere
will be less than half the drain on the battery
wh en th e syste m" is actuated. This cou ld b e
important if you h appened to be unav ailabl e
wh en th e alarm is touch ed off. Ad d itionally,
it is unlikely anyone will mistake thi s p ulsating
sig na l for a stuck h orn b utt on .
F ig. 1 is a schematic of the alarm wh ich I
have been usin g. As can be-~Seen it is quite
simple an d essentially diffe rs from the ba sic
alarm only in th e add ition of one relay an d a
turn signa l flasher unit commo n to almost all
aut omobil es. In th eory the u nit op er ates in
thi s m ann er: With the syst em actuate d , that
is wit h switch 51 in th e closed po sition , th e
do or is opened providing a ground for th e
horn relay jhrough th e Basher unit. At the
same tim e Rly1 d rops into closed positi on p ro-
vid ing a gro und for th e h om rel ay Ind ep end-
ent of th e door switc h wh ich initiate d actua-
tion of th e alarm . C urrent th rou gh th e Hasher
unit causes it to h eat an d break th e circu it
rhythm ically wh ich .in tum con trols the opera-
tion of th e h orn relay and the h om . All would
be beer and skittles "if this were all there is to
it but u nfort unately there is more. T he horn
relay is sup posed t~ be a 12 volt un it ( 12 volt
ca rs) so anyth ing add ed in series with the
relay coil such as a flash er unit would theo-
reticall y prove imp ractic al. H owe ve r, most
automobile accessories are designed to operate
on low voltage and this is the case with the
71 MAGAZ IN I
 horn re lay; it will pu ll in at a bi t less than 12
volts qu ite nic ely, even if not so qu ickl y as at
the rated volta ge. But since th e alarm will
operate just dandy so long as the relay pulls
in at all this is no rea l disadvantage. The
flasher un it is an un known q uant ity itse lf UIl -
less we di g rather deeply into th e complexi-
ties of th e particu lar au tomobile for whic h it
wa s designed. Certain ly it is a low voltage
high current d evice. What current any partic-
ular un it is d esigned to opera te on cannot
always be determined an d for th is reason w e
need RI whic h by-passes en oug h cu rre n t
arou nd th e hom relay to insure operation of
th e flasher. The unit which I ha ve in use is a
12 volt u nit which I pi cked up ind iscriminately
in a parts stor e; its resistan ce is someth ing less
th an a half ohm and seems to requ ire about
3 amps to operat e. I n my u nit when RI is set
at about 3 oh ms the flasher opera tes a t abou t
the right frequ en cy. I haven ' t tried a 6 volt
flasher u nit ; it migh t ver y well work better.
Because flasher units ar e such unpredicta b le
beasts even wh en used as directed Rl m av
p ro ve something of a problem . I use d a smail
ch oke which just happened to be of th e righ t
resistance. I would suggest, as a first step ,
h ooking the Rasher u nit and a hcnvv dutv
variab le re sistor together at one end. T h e re-
sistor sho uld be abou t 10 ohms. Take th e as-
sembly out to the car an d locate th e hot wire
goi ng to the horn button . T his wire will usu-
all y en te r th e stee rin g column throu gh a p lug
and jack arran gement . Pull th e ho t wire ou t
of th e connection and touch to the car chas sis
to see if th e h orn bl ows; if it does you've go t
the right wire . Now hook th is wir e to the end
of the flasher u nit conn ected to th e resistor.
T hrough a lead h ook th e free en d of th e re-
sisto r to the batterv or a 12 volt sou rce such
as the am meter. N"aw ground the en d of the
flasher unit whi ch wa s not sold ered to the re-
sistor. T he ho rn should begin to b low contin-
uously . No w ad just the res istor un til th e
flasher u nit an d the horn beg ins operatin g at
th e desired fr equency. Fig. 2 shows the tes t
hook-up. The value of Rl has now been d e-
tenn ine d. The wattage of Rl will have to be
rather large bu t sin ce th e horn operation is
intermitt en t som eth ing less tha n h alf of th e
steady curr en t value is sufficient. Should the
resistor bum out the hom wiII blow steadilv
rather than in blasts so th e basi c int egri ty of
th e alarm is stilI m aintain ed . About 15 watt s
will suffice for my in sta lla tio n.
Hly 1 can be any garden va riety of 12 VDC
re lav. of which there mu st be millions clu tter-
ing . the junk boxes across the cou n try. The
only requirement is th at it must h ave a set of
APRil 1966
Fig . 2 . Showi ng tempo ra ry hoo k-up of f lashe r unit
and res istor R1 fo r de termining f ina l value of R1.
R1 shou ld be a bout 10 ohm, 25 wa tt and ca n be
eithe r a s lide resistor or a rheost at .
normally op en contacts. S3 may be omitted if
the engine co mpar tment is locked fro m insid e
th e car. T he function of th is switc h is to p re-
vent the imaginative th ief from get ting at th e
batter y and d isabling the entire electrical sys-
tem before attempting en try into the ca r.
Location, type and mo untin g of S3 mus t de-
pend on th e typ e of car, in clination of th e
build er and generosity of the jun k box. It ma y
be a push button type with n orm ally closed
contacts which may be mounted wh er ever the
en gine h ood will hold th e switch de p ressed
wh en the h ood is d own . Alt ernatively, a sim-
p le toggle switch m ay be used with a string
tied between the switch and the hood in such
manner that wh en the h ood is raised the
sw itc h is actua ted . A m erc ury tilt typ e switch
could also be used.
Switch S2 is strictly a convenience ite m
whose only purpose is to provide an unobtru-
sive but readily accessibl e switch for silencing
the ala rm once it has been set-off. S l will p er-
for m the iden tical fun ction b ut in add ition it
will also disa ble th e alarm whereas S2 will
lea ve the system armed. I wo uld su ggest a
microswitch mounted within the do or and ac-
tuated b y the door lat ch. If used, 52 sho uld
be a p ush button typ e with no rma lly closed
contacts.
Resistor ~ Itt , the flashe r unit and Relay
Rly1 shou ld all be mounted on a small ch assis
and installed within the body of th e ca r wher -
ever space ca n be fou nd . Switch es S2 and 53
are m ounted in acc ordance wi th th e di scu ssion
above. Either Switch Sl or Switch 52 ( ff
used } mu st be m ounted in an accessible place .
I mounted Sl. ( 5 2 n ot used ) just behind and
und er a m ember of the radiato r gr illwork.
This completes th e set-up . If installation of
th e alarm is mad e as directed above I d efy
an y b urglar to ma ke off with eithe r you r mo-
bile eq u ip me nt or automobile short of using
a blow tor ch .
WA6UV5
67
No ham interested in working DX
should ignore this article. It states
some veJ'Y interesting and important
conclusions.

A Look at Antennas for DX

Bob Nelson K6ZGQ
1 10 Mo rn ing Volley Drive
Sa n An tonio, Tex a s 7 822 7

The basic question in DX work is, how does So now tha t we know we wa nt an antenna
one get the b est sign al between two dist an t sys tem wit h a low radi ation angle, wha t do we
points on the ea rth? Answering this ques tion, do about it? L et's exp lore first the effec t of
from th e antenna sta n dp oin t, is the subj ec t of polarization on radiation an gle .
this article.
The earth is shaped somewhat like a glob e, Vertical antennas
as shown in F ig . I. Also shown is a shell sur-
rou nd ing th e glob e, which represents the iono - Vertica l antennas of differen t heights
sp here. A radio wave start ing at point «A" mounte d wi th the ir b ases at grou nd level, and
gets to po int «B" by a series of reflections, operating ove r a perfectly reflect in g earth,
alterna tely off th e ionospher e an d the sur face wiII display radiation lobes as shown in F ig. 2 .
of the earth. N otice that the smaller angle "a" These arc diagrams for the best res ults that
is, the fewe r reflections it tak es to get a signal can be ac hieved. wit h vertical....an tenn as of a
between the two p oint s. This is the single given h eight, where 100·v angle radiation is con-
most imp or ta nt fact to keep in mind whe n cerned. N otice th at th e rad iati on lob e always
choosing an antenna system for DX work. It has a maximum value at a r adi ation an gle of
is a fac t of nature that a sign al loses about 5 zero d egrees, wh ich looks ve ry good fo r DX
db of strength on eve ry «skip," so if you wa nt
to work the DX reliably you must radiate your
signal at a low angle. In fact, where DX is
concerned, you r an tenna's r ad iation angle is
mo re important than its gai n .
Angle «a" in F ig . 1 is the an gle between the
local h orizon (or a lin e ta n gen t to the surface
of the earth) and the main ra dia tion lobe of
the an ten na. It is called the "radiatio n angle"
in antenna literature. The size of this ang le
is deter min ed p rim aril y b y the ty pe of po lari -
za tion used, and by the h eight of the antenn a, EARTHS SUIlFACE

alt hough some oth er factors do come into

play, whic h wiII be discussed later.
IONOSPHERE

K6ZGQ is an electrical engineer iRS USN A

1963, MS Stanford 19 65) in the Air Force Fig. 1. T he path of a signal between two d istant
who if] interested in just about all facets of pai nts. For cla rity, the dista nce betwee n the
Earth's sur face and the ionosphere is g reatly ex-
hamming. aggerated.

68 73 MAGAZINE
 TRANSCEIVER HIT PARADE

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APRil 1966
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69

Fig. 2 . Rad iat ion a ng le diagra ms for opt imu m ve r-
tic a l antenna s, a ssum ing pe rfe ctly re flecti ng
g round . A. Simple qu a rte r wave ve rtica l. B. Ha lf
wave ve rtic a l. C. One and one-hc lf ve rt ica l d ipoles
fed in phase . D. Two ve rt ica l di po les fed in phase.
The last two or e known a s collin ear arrays. The
stubs a re to provide p roper phase in feed currents.
These four a nte nnas represent t he best ra dia t ion
angle results tha t ca n be obta ined with a ver tica l
antenna of a cfven height. Th e patte rns a re actu-
ally symme trica l a round th e 90 ax is, of course .
Q
work. Unfortunately, the sad fact is th at the
surface of the earth is not p erfectly reflecting,
nor is it even close to it. T he effec t of the ac -
tual surface of the earth is to n ot onl y raise the
radiation angle, but also decrease the signa l
st rength by several db, for average soil.
In fa ct calc ulations carried out b y th e writer
u tilizing a digit al-an alog com pu ter setup show
that for eq ua l h eights above grou nd , hori zon-
tal polarization is alleaus superior fo ve rtical
polariza tion at lou: rad iation angles by at least
3 db, where D X frequ en cies are con cern ed .
Anyone wish ing to investigate this profound
statement fu rther is di rect ed to referen ces 1
an d 2. A typi cal res ult d eri ved from the com-
p ut er wo rk is shown in Fig. 3 for a ve rtical
antenna composed of two half-wave di poles
arranged colin early and fed in ph ase, as shown
in Fig. 2D. Noti ce that the signal is re duced
by abou t 6 dh, and the rad iatio n angle rais ed
to about 15 degrees, compared wit h a p erfect
groun d . This pl ot was made for avera ge soil.
Dry and rocky soil wou ld give even wors e
re sults, while wet loam or sea wate r wo uld
give a definite improvem ent.
T o fur ther de flate the esteem of the vertical
antenna for DX work, let's explode two often
qu oted myth s abo u t th e ve rtical. First, al.,
70
though a good ground system is ve ry helpful.
even m andat ory, wh en using a ve rtical, no
significa nt im prove me nt in low angle rad iation
can be expec ted by im procing the ground in
the near vicinit y of the antenna . In other
wo rds , no amo u n t of salt on th e gro und
around th e antenna , ' and no number of quar-
ter-wave radials, wiII sig nificantly imp ro ve
D X operation. The reason for thi s is tha t th e
reflections off th e gro un d th at prod uce low
angle ra d iation occu r at good-sized di st an ces
from th e an ten na , an d if imp rovement is de-
sired it would he necessary to p rovid e a
gro und of superior conductivity aro un d the
antenna for a di stance of a t least one-q uarte r
mile-a very expensive un der taking. E ven
then th e nu ll at zero degrees would still exist,
for it on ly d isappears with a gro und of in-
finit e cond u ct ivity.
Secon d , it is not tru e that a r:e-rtical all -
ten na has an iuli crent 3 db gai n orer a hori-
:;Dntal b y c irtue of its operating o ce r its
«image." Although th e im age effect is pr esent
with a ve rtical ( and does produce a 3 db ga in
over th e sa me an tenn a in free space), it is no
less p resent with a hori zon ta l anten na, so
neither has a d efinite ed ge here. T he image
effect can h e visua lized simply by pi cturing
the gr ound as a mirror. An antenna above
gro und will see an ima ge directly below it in
the m irr or. By use of the antenn a and its
image diagrams, suc h as F igs. 2 an d 4 can be
'" R A o
RELATIVE FIELD STRE~'GTH
Fig. 3 . T he typ ical effect of ove ra ge soil on th e
ve rtica l rad iatio n pa tt e rn of a ve rtica l ante nna .
T he pattern her e is for t he so me a nt e nna as in
Fig . 2D . T he dot ted line represen t s ideal con d ition s
(i.e ., pe rfectly ref lec tin g ground ), while t he solid
line is for rea l gr ound . T he actua l pattern is svrn-
metrica l ar ound the 90 ax is, of course .
0
73 MAGAZINE
 ·.
II) • • • • 0 • • • • ..
.n..'.... ,no o........TH
101 ANTENNA HEIGHT' 0.2 5 II l bl ANTENNA. HEIGHT ' 0.$ 1\
lel ANTENtlA HEIGHT' O.T~ 1\
Cd}ANTENNA HEIGHT ' 1.0 "
(II ANT ENNA HEIGHT . 2 11.
Fig. 4 . Radiati on ang le diagrams fo r a non-direc-
tio na l h o rizontal antenna of var iou s hei g hts above
perfectly reflecting g round. On ly a n a n te n na wit h
ex t reme vertical di recti v it y wi ll grea t ly c hange
these resu lts for low rcd tot fon a ngles.
derived. See Reference 1, pp . 808-810 and
882-888 , for furth er information on the image
co ncept.
H orizontal antennas
Xo w let' s see wha t th e horizon tal antenna
can do for us. F ig. 4 show s rad iation d iagrams
for a horizont al antenna of d ifferent heigh ts
above pe rfectly reflectin g gro und . No te tha t
th ere is always a null at zero de grees and tha t
the lowest lob e mo ves to lower ang les as th e
heigh t is incr eased , althou gh th e number of
lobes increases. C ontrary to what may be be -
lieved b y some, no antenna ty pe (with all its
eleme nts lyin g in one h ori zon tal plane ) can
gr ea tly chan ge th e result s sh own in thi s fig-
u re , as far as th e ra diation an gle is concerned.
If you want a low ra diation an gle yo u m ust
p ut your antenna high in the air. A ha ppy
fact about the h orizontal antenna, th ough . is
th at the effect of the act ua l ea rth is n ot to
gr eatly ch an ge th e d iagrams of Fig. 4. T h e
lobes will h ave sligh tly dimini sh ed len gth and
th e n ulls will fill in to some extent. b u t the
effect is small enou gh that we can use Fig. 4
with good accuracy for practical antennas.
Now let's ge t d own to b ra ss tacks. Ju st
exact ly what are th e best radiation an gles ' for
DX work? Fig. 5 sh ows th is in form ati on for
the usual DX bands. Notice that as the Ire-
APRIL 1966
qu cu cy increas es, th e hest an gles get smaller.
Also no te that there is a lower limi t on tilt>;
ra d iation an gle tha t it wou ld n' t be wise to
exceed. In other wor d s we don 't want our an-
tcuna too hi gh, which is fortuna te from all
economi c standpoi nt.
Let's luke 20 me ters for a ll example, sec
F ig . 4. An nut cnn u h eight of one waveleng th
( ubout 70 feet ) will give us maximum ra di a-
tion between 8 and 22 degrees for th e lower
lobe , within the op timum ra nge. Moving th e
antenna to one and on e-ha lf \ v-avelengths
heigh t, which will increase th e expense con-
side rably. will move the low est rad iation an -
gles down only a littl e. On the oth er hand ,
m oving th e antenna to lower heights will
rai se th e lowest radiation angles cons ide ra bly .
Th is is th e reason that the 20 met er boys
lcith their beams at 70 feet d o m ilch bett er
than th ose of tiS leitli loiccr antennas, and
have litt le trouble competi n g with an tenn as at
greater heigh t. T he point of thi s is th at an in-
telligent height of one-ha lf wavelength or less,
h owe ver . th e quad produces sligh tly lower
angle radiation than the yagi wiIl. This is du e
to the fac t that the q uad h as a bu ilt-in sta ck-
ing effect, sinc e its eleme n ts do not all lie in
one hori zonta l p lane, as with a ya gi . Th e ob-
vious conclus ion is th at if vou are limited to
he ights of on e-half wavelength or less, th e
quad is a good an tenna to look in to. Ab ove
th is height, h oweve r, th e yagi migh t be better ,
since its construction is simp ler and it can
give gre ater gain.
As far as gain is concerned a 2 element
quad has a maximum ga in of-about 5.7 db .
whi le th e 2 element parasi tic di splays about
5.4 db; the q uad has a sligh t edge. Wh en go-
ing to mo re than 2 eleme n ts. thou gh , the
parasi tic ya gi always has th e greater gain . At
th e 3 elemen t level, for exam ple. the yag i h as
abo ut 1.3 db more gai n. See Fig. 6.
One ot he r advantage of th e qu ad is that it
is a little less susce p tib le to certain types of
noise wheri receivin g tha n th e yagi. T his is
pro bably due to the fac t th at the quad is a
typ e of loop ante nna . And whi le sp eaking
ahou t receivin g noise we may as we ll take one
Ba nd 40
.. 2 0 15 10
me te rs mete rs meters mete rs
~-- - - - - -
Optimum
Rad iation 10-3 5 " 7_22 " 6 _20" 5-I4"
An gles
Fig . 5 . Th e best rad iation a ngle s for wor king DX
in four popu lar a mate u r ba nds.
71
mo re pot-shot at the vertical and point out
that the ver tica l is mu ch more suscep tible to Number Max imum Maximum
man -m ade n oise th an is a horizon tal ant enn a, of Ga in of Yogi Ga in of Quad
Eleme nt s
Another fact abou t ti le quad , wh ich h as to
do wit h its having less gain than th e ya gi, is I 0 db 0.9 db
that it is inh erently a low Q antenna. This 2 5,4 db 5.7 db
mean s that it will op erat e ove r an excee d ingly ----~

wid e bandwidth with a rcas oua hlv low S\VH. 3 8.5 db 7.2 db
- - - - -- - - ---
The DX mall torn be tween the q uad and 4 9.3 db 8.0 db
yagi wou ld do we ll to read references 3 an d - - - - - -- - --
5 9.9 db 8.5 db
4, wh ich cover th e antennas exha ustively and
are exce llen t, read able books.
Fig. 6. Th e maximum gain obtaina ble from q uads
a nd yogis with d iffe rent number s of ele-
Th e multi-band b eam ments. Th e qc lns not ed a re relative to a
di pole .
There is a hap p y coincidence about using a
multiba ud beam for the D X b an ds. Since th e
op tim um radiation an gles decrease as fr e-
q uen cy inc reases , it is "n ecessary to raise the Conclusiou
antenna ( in wav elengths ) as th e freq uency is T he att empt of this articl e has been to give
ra ised, if it is des ired to keep the radiation a brief ove ra ll p icture of the DX antenna
angle in th e op timu m range. But if th e an - problem. It wa s p articu larl y desired to po'nt
te nna stays at a cons tan t he ight, measured in out th e superiority of th e h orizont al over the
feet, it will automatically be rai sed in wave- ver tical as we ll as emp hasizing th e imp or-
len gths as the fr equency is ra ised . The result tan ce of small rad iation ang les . To th e writer's
is that a m ul ti-h and antenna for 20, 15 an d knowledge a di scussion of th e DX an tenn a
10 m et ers moun ted at 70 feet will give near problem such as was given h ere h as n ot - ap -
optimum rad iation angle results on all three pear ed in any ot her am ateu r jou rn al. Any?ne
bands. This can be see n b y comparin g F igs. se riously interested in pursui ng the sub ject
4 and 5 . further will find th e an swers to hi s qu estions
There is also an u nd esirabl e feature attend- in th e listed referenc es. T hese were selected
ant wit h many mu lti-band beams. Most d e- for their acc uracy an d read abil ity. Good D Xl
signs use traps and matching n etworks w hich . . . K6ZGQ.
ar e inh erently lossy. T his means that a lot of
R efer en ces
the rf is soak ed up in the tra ps, ra ther than
1. T erman, F . E . Electronic and Radio En gineeT in g.
being rad iated toward th e D X station. T he 4th Editi on . McGraw-Hill Book Co . 1955 .
result is that multi-band beams ar e seldo m, if 2. Te rman , F . E . R ad i o En gi neers Handbook. McGraw-
ever, as efficient as a sin gle band arra y, Hill B oo k Co . 1943.
3. Orr. William T. (W6SAI) Beam A n tenna H andbook .
R ad io Publications. Inc. 1955.
4. Orr . wlnram I. (W6SA I) Quad A n t en n as. R ad io
Stacking an tennas Pub li cations, Inc. 1959.
5. ARRL Antenna Book. 1960.
There is ano ther way to reduce the effective 6. Kraus , J . D . (W 8JK) Antenna s. M cG raw-Hill Book
radiat ion angle. This is b y sta cking id en tical Co.
antennas above on e another. Unfort u na te ly,
thi s is difficult at DX frequencies because the
stacking d istan ce must be in th e vicinity of
three-quarters to one waveleng th to be effec -
tive. At 20 met ers, for example, th e minimum
distance between ante nnas is abou t 55 feet.
At 10 meters, though , st acking is a d efinite
po ssibility for th e ambitious DXer. Both an-
tenn as are fed in phase with eq ual currents.
T o use F ig. 4, then, one measures from
gro und to the midpoint between the two an -
te nn as to find the effecti ve h eight. W ith th e
midpoin t at one w av elen gth, th e upp er lobe
( F ig. 4 D ) wou ld largel y disappear, and th e
lower wave angle wou ld decrea se slightly.
Th e res ult would be ab out a 4 db increase in
sig nal stre ngth at th e DX location.

72 73 MAGAZINE
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APRIL 1966 73

Someone Should Do
Something About ...!
On e of th e mo re int eresting facets of ama -
teur ra d io is the op portunit y to p arti cip at e in
u niqu e orga nizations loosely id en tified as " ra -
dio ha m clubs". Upon cons id ering tha t ea ch
mem be r has p rogressed thro u gh a filterin g
p rocess d esigned to eliminate all bu t th e most
d edi cat ed , it is interesting to obser ve th e re-
sults. F irst he has had to cultu re an in ter est in
a very d emand ing h obby, subjec t himself to all
agonizing period of learn ing rul es, theor y, cus-
toms and morse code . Next under protest, he
has indulged in outrageous expend itu res for
equip ment . The n he has been fur ther moti-
vated to seek ou t th e compan ionship of similar
individuals . Finally, he not only end u res, b ut
d eligh ts in, attendance at regular club meet-
ings.
These m eetings follow proceed ings th at
have been universally ado pted . O ne familiar
wit h th ese rit uals can freely mo ve from one
geogra p h ical locat ion to another and find sol-
ace. Unfor tunatelv, these rit es are n ot d ocu -
men ted an d the ~lllinitiatcd must learn them
th e hard way. T he cons tit utio n of any given
club is usua lly of little benefit, for exa mp le,
and reference to it can only resu lt in con fusion .
T he most important th ings to bear in mind
are that th e members att end these meetings
for entertainment (viz: nig h t out from th e
XYL ) , and the clu b president is ch arged with
providing some typ e of diversion, suc h as a
speake r. In fact, some obs ervers are of th e
op in ion that th is is h is onl y p urpose, and hi s
re-election is d ep en d en t upon hi s de gree of
success in thi s vein .
All radio cl ub m eetin gs are called to order
45 minu tes afte r the announ ced time. Th is al-
lows a p eriod for memb ers to ind ulge in a
q uai nt pas time kn own in amate ur ra di o as t he
"eyeball Q50". This informal prelimin ary
even t is comp rise d of impromp tu d iscussion
centered on three (3) general are as of ex-
aggera t('{l claims :
K.l IlNS {forlllerl!! K2111ll1 ond KS DM ) is (/0
electrical engineer (BSEE Oh io Universit y '51)
for a nutior electrical. com pany. H is main
interests are operating and club teo-rk.
74
Jo hn Johnst on K3BNS
11 Fieldston e Rood
Lev itt own, Pe nnsylva n ia
Drawings by Wayne Pie rce K3SL: K
1. Lam en tati on of th e h eavy d eman ds p laced
upon one 's station b y rare D X opera tors
d esirin g a Q50.
2. The am oun t of high po wer one is utili z-
ing, in cluding vari ous pr ecau tions to in-
su re that a mini mu m of 1 KW output is
always mainta ine d .
3. T h e vas t superior ity of one's equipmen t;
th e exte n t of th e claims bein g in p ro-
portio n to h is de sir e to unload it .
Of particular note are the audience partici-
pation en tertainment meetings where a special
game is p layed. T he neop h yte wo uld be ad-
vised to sur press hi s urge to fu lly participate
in th is ga me unt il th e ru les are fully u nder-
stood. It begins wit h the preside nt announc-
ing, "Tonight will be a bu siness meeting!",
me aning h e cou ld n't obtain a speaker.
Upo n this signa l, th e members are aler te d
to critically observe -t he p roceedi ngs, concen -
tra ting up on findi n g the "de bate item: ' As th e
chairm an routin ely ca lls upon ea ch comm itt ee
head for a rep ort, some of the m ore ded icated
mem be rs wa rm-up for the main de bat e event
wit h com ments an d questione'Somewha t rele-
vant to th e report . Candida tes for team cap-
ta in can thu s identify themselves.
The m ain deba te item is usually selected
between TS an d 20 m inutes after the call to
order, when boredom ha s set in. \Vh ile th e
scope of these items are va st , there are ce rtain
crite ria which mu st be met in order to en joy
fu ll participation .
1. Unde r-no cir cum stances must th e d eb ate
item resu lt in any ad ditional work for
anyon e excep t the p resid ent.
2. It mu st n ot en com pass anythi ng of real
conseque nce. Abst rac t an d th eoreti cal
su bjects are id eal.
:3. It m ust n ot }>c so com p lex as to allow
for mo re th an two p oints of view.
Aft er severa l false starts, th e d eba te h egin s
to unfold . The teams can he id enti fied as play
contin ues. T he chai rman m ust make an im-
port an t decision whi ch lias a significan t impact
up on th e org an ization or th e two teams. If he
elects to assume the neutral role of an umpire,
the team s are divided by an imaginary front-
73 MAGAZINE

$OM£OHE Sf/ooLD
Do .:3OMETIlING
ABo" "t"••••• .
to-bac k line down the center of the audience.
On the other hand. when the chairman de-
clares h imself a p layer , the di vision is auto-
maticallv fron t vs. re ar . Becau se the ch airman
holds a ' strategic p osition in the room (and
often is a litt le m ore info rme d on the back-
ground of the sub ject ) , h is u nfair advan tage
is offset by limiting his tea m t o tho se on the
rost ru m and-d ep end ing upon th e size of th e
au dience-from one to th ree of th e fro nt rows.
The tap -off is initiated by a poten tial team
cap tain w ho arises and d ema nd s "that some -
thing be d one!" concerning a certa in item. It
is imperative th at h e not be specific about
what sho uld be do ne or by whom , th us pr e-
venting a premature completion of the game.
H eroically seizin g th e initia tive , a cand ida te
team cap tai n for the ot he r sid e recogni zes th e
challen ge and rises in reply. It is not p er tinen t
that hi s retort reve al any great enlightenme nt
- delivery is th e cri tical aspect of winning
these coveted positi ons. when th e debate item
is ac cep ta ble to th e au dience, th ey so sig nify
hy respond ing to th e call-to-ar ms, and th e
main even t can proceed.
Ob servin g protocol , members from ea ch
tea m ra lly to the ir se lected cap tain an d alter-
nately rise to repea t h is arg ume n t, interspers-
ing their com m en ta ry wit h items usually un -
re lated to th e subject. T he ind ivid ual m emb er
can find great com fort in ad d ressing th e cap -
tive audien ce and is willing to end ure listen-
APRIL 1966
ing to th e others in return for his op po rtun ity
to get a few thin gs off his ches t. ( Most cov-
ered to pics : CB , d ep lorable state of amate ur
radio, TV I ) . Resid es, 50% of the audienc e is
on h is sid e before oven h e starts.
Veteran observers are q uick to po int ou t
th e upswing of inte res t ill th e game sinc e th e
wid e accep tance of VOX keyed tran smitt er s.
Before this d asta rcllv tech nical ud vuuccme nt
an opera tor cou ld po u r ou t h is feelin gs Int o
a m icrop hon e for all th e worl d t o h ear ( in
realit y, it would on ly h e one othe r ham who
was partially cop ying R3 X 54 with heav y
QRM ) , an d h e co uld rave OI l until he go t good
and ready t o manually th row the transfer
switch . II~ n ow feels fn'lstr at ed b v automation
since every tim e he pauses to take a b reath
d u rin g h is d iscourse, he is vulnerable to bein g
cu t.. .off. An ind ividua l with th is p ar ticular
problem can be rapi dl y identified in eve ryday
life by hi s cont in ua l interject ion of the p h ra se,
"A \ V\ V\V\ V\ V," a fter everv sen tence.
In the un fortunate sitll<{tion wh ere the au-
di ence sea ting arra ngeme nt is such as to ma ke
th e ima gin ar y di vision line ind istin ct , an in-
divid ual n ot qu ite sur e of wh ich sid e he has
been assig ne d m ay be p romp ted to arise and
summarize the two po sitions, and eit he r offer
a com prom ise or request a mo tion . T hi s is an
obv ious d elay of the game an d h e is p en alized
b v a loud ad mon ishm ent b v h oth sides as he
slinks to hi s sea t. O utcast : h e remain s silent
an d makes n ote not to sit ill the middle next
time.
The game is completed when an arbitra ry
tim e limit is reach ed , usually r0:4 5 P~L The
fina le is q uite ra pid with th e cha irman dissolv-
ing the tw o teams b y requestin g volunte ers to
work 0 11 the problem . This is th e signa l th at
the game i~ ove r and ever yon e is to remain
silen t.
Any imp ortant items ar c dispos ed of ra pid ly
with out commen t wit hin th e n ext ' 5 min utes
so th e meetin...e:, ca n h e ad journ ed to a nearb y
ta vern for a victor y celebr ation b v both sid es.
The tea m cap tain's sh ake hand; an d ag ree ,
" It was good to clear th e air!" ~ Ii dn i gh t hav-
ing been established b y XYL's, In c. as the
"t ime- to·be-h ome-f rom -th e-ra d io-club-b v," th e
«eye ball QS O" is resumed w ith th e sky-th e-
limi t for exaggera ted claims, until the magic
h our.
As the m emb ers ha p pil y re turn to their
h omes wit h fond memor ies of a battle well
fo ught. mentally rep h rasing wha t th ey sa id or
wish th ey h ad sa id during their speech, the
true value of the ra d io cl uh ca n best h e ap -
p red at ed .
K3fi NS
7S
Richa rd Malisch K7VMV
9 05 0 Monument Drive
Gra nts Pa ss, Oregon
The Tranx Circuit
Switch your linear with a tranx circuit
Marry excellen t art icles on th e construction
of line ar amplifiers ha ve appeared in late
issue s of 73 Magazine; one problem common
to the se lineal's when used with a transceiver
is th e problem of switching. The linear amp li-
fier should be in sert ed between the t ransceiver
and the antenn a du ring the receive period .
Since switching the line ar (in and out of the
tr ansmission line ) man ually is dangerous dur-
in g mobile operation, auto matic swi tching per-
fanned b y a relay is p refer ed in the inte rest of
safe ty and convenience.
Of ten th e relay for perform ing the sw itch-
ing is activate d by closing a separate set of
contacts ad ded to the tra nsmit switch on th e
t ransceiver, or th e relay may be act ivated by
the hig h voltage in the p lat e lead of the trans-
ceiver's transmitt er sect ion. Both of these
methods require mod ification of the tran sceiver
and both me tho ds require the addition of long
leads from the transceiver to the lin ear ampli-
fier to operate th e relay. The alternate method
is to install a "tran x circuit" within the linear
amp lifier. T he tranx circuit, short for transm it-
ter-operated control, will trigger the relay as
man as a signal above a p reset level appears in
the transmission line to the antenna. The ad-
vantages are obvious-the transceiver need not
be modified; it kee ps its portability. Also, no
high voltage lea ds are req uired to tri gge r the
relay, and thus the safety is increased to both
the operator an d innocen t bvstanders . Use of
the tranx circuit also allows ~emote triggering
of a linear amplifier when contained in the
tru nk compartmen t of a , vehicle. The only
_ __ _ _
5Q~
Fig . 1. Schematic of t he tranx circu it. Other gen-
e ra l purpose trans istors ca n be used.
76
Here's the tranx circu it insta lled on an 832A linea r
fo r two. The circ u it is bu ilt on the sma ll piece of
insu la t ing boa rd at the right. T he p icku p loop is
below the e lectrolytic just beneath it .
interc onnecting lead between the transceiver
and linear amp lifier is the coax.
Tranx circuit theory
The tran x circuit is essent ially a de operate d
amplifier which picks up a small amount of
radio frequency energy from the transmission
line bet ween th e transceiver and an tenna du r-
ing transmi t conditions an d switches the linear
amplifier in to the circuit. D Uli ng receive con-
d itions, the radio frequency signals in the
tr ansmission line are no t strong enough to
activa te the de am plifier of th e tranx circuit to
th e point of tr igg ering th e relay, wh ich means
the linear amp lifier will rcmaiii out of cir cuit
and inactive.
The circuit
The tranx circuit consists of two basis cir-
cuits , a rectifying-filtering circ uit and a de
amp lifier. T he pos itive cycles of the HF picked
up by the p ickup loop charge C l thro ugh CRl.
After charging C l, emitter-base current from
Q l and current through Rl will discharge Cl.
T he discharge time of Cl gave abo ut 0.5 sec-
ond delay after th e signal was turned off before
the relay dropped out of the hold position.
The de amplifier circuit is comprised of an
N PN transistor directly coup led through a
limiting resistor , H2, to a 150 mw general
p u rpo se PN P trans istor . The de output of
the PNP tran sistor is connec ted directl y to a
twel ve volt de relay of the ty pe oft en fo~nd in
surplus equipment desi gned for twelve and
twenty-fou r volt op eratio n.
Under tr ansmit conditions, th e cha rge across
Cl attracts elect rons fro m the em itter through
the base of Q 1. E lect rons then flow through
73 MAGAZINE
 ANTE NNA

II · - - - - - - - - - • I
INTRODUCING : OUR NEW

Fig. 2 . A rrangement of the t rc n x cir cuit a s used

w it h a t r c n sc e t v e r .

the collec to r of Q 1 and limitin g resistor R2,

into th e base of Q2 , whic h forward biases the
emitte r-base junct ion of Q2. \ Vith the emitt er-
base jun ction of Q2 forward bia sed , electr ons
will flow from th e negative terminal of BI
th rough the relay (closing the relay conta cts)
and ret urn to the positive te rminal of HI
th rough Q2..

Sensitivity
T he only di fficulty en co un tered w ith the
tran x circui t ca me from the p reliminary cho ice
of HI whic h wa s used to con tro l the maximum
sensitivity of th e circu it. The circuit lost sensi-
tivit y wl;en RI w as red uced below the va lue
shown in the schematic. W hen Rl was in-
creased , th e circuit had a tend ency to remain
activated , that is, th e relay wo uld not release
within a pr ed etermined length of tim e after
the tra nsm itte r wa s turned off.
Ben ch tests (using a VTV1\1 and 147 me
RF source ) showed that the sensitivity con trol
could he adjusted so th at signals from one volt
~
to one h undred vo lts peak to peak wo uld I
trigger the circuit.
ACTUAL SIZE ODEL MT-2 :
Ob servat ions from field tests I MULTI-METER I
T he tra nx cir cui t work ed succ essfullv when I

· $12.95· :
used in con junct ion wit h a H eath kit -T wo'er
and a twelve inch p ickup loop in a mobile I
in stallation . A fifteen foot len gt h of coax was
th e onl y in terconn ecti ng lead bet ween the I
Two'er and the linear ampli fier. The tranx
circu it keyed eas ily with th e rf from the
I POST .PAID USA & CANADA I
I
T wc'er, and no adverse effec ts (suc h as the
generation of TV I ) we re obse rved . The cu r-
ren t dr ain was also verv low. Under id le con- I QUE'MENT :
ELECTRONICS II
d itions, the tranx circu'it required about fifty
millampere s. Long tran smitting periods p ro- I
du ced no no tlca ble in cre ase in the t emp era-
tu re of the transistors. H oweve r, the grid I 1000 SOUTH BASCOM SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
tuni ng would ca use the rel ay to drop out of I " Northe rn California's Most Complete Ham Stota" I
th e hold position jf not correc tly tun ed.

APRil 1966
.. . K7V~ l V I
---------- SINCE 1933
.1
71

Practical Doub le Sideband - 1966
Although it is not my intention to reopen
th e pr ese nt D SB-SSB controv ersy, I have
thoughts and sugges tions which should allevi-
ate mu ch of the misunderstanding regarding
double side ba nd. I have also suggested sever al
ways of ove rco ming design pro blems of a
worka ble mod ern D Sn transmitt er.
The main complaint most SSB operators
have against DSB is the wid th of the trans-
mitt ed signa l. H owever, it should be remem-
bered th at a DS B signal is essen tia lly an AM
signa l witho ut a carrier, and incidentally,
without heterodynes! It also should be realized
tha t a Dsn sig~al is two SSB signals on the
same referen ce carrier, one up per an d one
low er sideband. 110st complaints of splatter
or d istor tion on D SB signals are th e fault of
th e comp lainan ts receiv er . Co st unfortunately
has littl e to do with any patricular receiver's
ahility to reject local co-channel interferen ce .
All one has to do is p lace an att enuator pad
ill th e receiver front en d to restore th at 'clean'
sound to any 'suspected> local DS R sign al.
Cir cuitry
Th e ba sic practica l high lev el balan ced
modu lator is shown in Fig. 1. It s opera tion
will not be d iscussed since there are so man y
excellen t references ava ilable suc h as the N ew
Sideband Ham/book bv D on Stoner \V6TI\S.
Basica lly though, the a~ldio is fed in p ush-p ull
to the ou tp ut scree n gri ds, the rf inpu t is in
'r' -~H
u is th e fac t that it will reject any low freq uen cy
Q com po ne n ts. This will reduce intermodulation
,.
Fig. J. High leve l modulat or for DSB.
78
R. Hillma n YE7 BBM
2 125 Bridgeman Ave nu e
North Vancouve r, a.c.
p ush-pull and the rf outp ut is in parallel. T he
bias, shown as batt er y for simplicity, sho uld be
adjus table and is designed to keep th e bal-
ance d modu lato r tubes operating within their
maximum plate di ssipa tion. It will also serve
to correct any irre gul arities in th e ou tp ut
wave form.
Design prob lems
Probably th e biggest problem in des igning
a handswit ching D SB transmitter is the ac tual
bamlswit chi ng circuitry in the final grid. Leads
mu st he kep t as short and symmet rical as pos-
sible. The most practical found b y the au thor
is di agra mmed in Fig. 2.
The circuit is, in practice , d riven b y an un-
tuned bu ffer stage wh ich is controllable as to
dri ve. C 2 acts as 'd rive p eak' control and also
balan ces the rf ap plied to both b alanced mod-
ulator tubes. If care ful, sym metrical const ruc-
tion in used car rier should be in th e order of
30 0 db. T he switch wafers should of course
w4
be ganged to switch the exciter st ag es and th e
final outp ut circ uitry too!
The cho ke of a suitab le modulation tra ns-
former seems to cause some amat eu rs a grea t
d eal of tro uble. I have found th at 40 0 cycle
power transform ers are p robably the best
choice for seve ral reasons. The first consider-
at ion is that th e tra nsformer mu st have a turn s
ratio of around 5.2: 1 in orde r to d evelop suffi -
cien t scre~ri volt age from th e modulator. I n-
ciden ta lly, the transformer is con ne cted as
step-up . That is, the 117 volt primary is con-
nect ed to the aud io and the secondary ( cen-
ter -tapped ) goes to the screens of the high -
level balan ced modulator, refer to F ig. 1.
Another reason for choosing this transform er
d istortion and will , in effect , place the two
side bands farther apart since the information
is to be tr ansmitted at higher audio frequen-
cies. It is also ad vantageous to roll off the high
frequen cies. This will kee p the signal from
becoming too broad. A low pa ss filter such as
73 MAGAZINE

-3
a .o
-l -I 0
IULOCYU.ES
Fig . 2, Left . Bc. rdswltch inc fin ol grid c ircuit ry fo r
a D$B t ra nsmitte r. Kee p leads short a nd sym-
me t rical.
Fig. 3, Right. DSB spectr um.
the Stancor C-234 0 sho u ld give the desired
re sp onse, 300-3000 cycles. Sp ectrum-wise th e
signa l sho uld look like that in Fi g. 3.
Another objec t of concern are the ra tings.
of such a tran sformer. As hinted ea rlier th e
117 volt 400 cycle see ms abou t best to match
th e out p u t of suc h tubes as 6AQ5, 6V6 etc.
as modulators. As a 'rule of th umb' th e sec-
ondary of the tra nsformer shou ld be abl e to
su p ply (assu ming 117 volt input ) abou t twice
the com bined scree n volta ge of each bala nced
modulator tube normall y ope ratin g A~1 phon e.
A tr ansformer wit h a second ary de livering 300
each side of the cen te r tap h as p roven to be
an exce llent cllOice for mod u lating suc h tubes
as the popul ar 61 46 and 6DQ5.
Most manu fact urer s of tr ansformers make
400 cy cle eq uip men t under milit ary contract.
Althou gh th ese transformers are not availab le
f rom dis tri butors they ma y h e found as su r-
p lus or alternatively by wr iting any of the
larger manu facturers.
Anot he r ver y d efinite design problem is
mode switching. \ Vith p roper d esign it is pos-
sible to obtain 350 watt s PEP on DSB, 150
watts C\V, and 100 wa tts A~ I all from a pair
of 6DQ5's.
As wit h an y pr ob lem in order to solve it
you mu st first un der st and the ba sics. In swi tch-
in g between mod es you are, in effect, simply
ch an ging cond itions of the balanced modula-
tor tubes. By this I mean you ar e changing
bi as, mod ulators and circ uit configurations. I n
order to change your DSn hi gh level balan ced
mod ulator to A\I vou mus t : lift one catho de
of an ou tput tube, remove screen voltage from
this same tu be and th en swi tch th e modulator
tra nsformer into th e other tubes screen circuit
in a fashion wh ich will modulat e its sc reen
voltage and th en su pp ly a proper amount of
gr id bras to ke-e-p t he lube from takin g off -in
the abse nce of dri ve. For C' V the followina
should be don e; on e ca tho de of an output
APRil 1966
ttlhe should be lifted from groun d, tile screen
voltage from thi s tube likewise should also be
lifted . The remai nin g tube sho uld h ave grid-
·1
'Z .)
b lock keyin g bias ap plie d and fixed screen
voltage. Circ uit ry for such sw itch ing is show n
in Fig. 4. By the tim e all the band -switchin g
and mocleswitchin g circ u itr y is in corp or ated in
th e overa ll schema tic it ap pears q uit e compli-
ca te d. H owever, it is a simple m atter to resolve
any and all of the circuit in to simpler portions.
Since the mech an ical d esign of a ~ D SB
transmitter or any tr an smitter is an involv ed
p rocedure it will not h e cove re d in d et ail Th e
most imp ortant fac tor in designing a DSB
tran smitt er is a svmmetrical mech ani cal an d
elec trica l construction in the balanced modu-
lator clrculrrv.
The trans~itter sh ould be carefully con -
structed us ing all curre nt cons truct ion' proce-
dures. Keep all ac wiring close to the chassis
to avoid hum p ickup . Sh ield all critical audio
lea ds and prop erl y bypass all hi gh voltage
leaus. As a last word on elec trical d esign let
me say tha t good signals re q uire good power
sup p lies.
Assumi ng th at a DS B tran smitter h as bee n
b u ilt you will want to check its operati on on
an oscilloscope. T he familiar bow-tie patt ern
is th e de sired shape whe n rf is ap plied d ire ctly
to th e vertical pl ates and au d io is ap plied to
th e h orizon tal plates thro ugh a voltage divid er
as shown in Fig. ,t). T he desire d waveshape is
also sho wn.
If difficul ty is foun d in attempting to obtain
a bow-tie pat tern it m ay be because th ere is
too mu ch or too little dri ve or the bi as on th e
II
SlAS
(GlCl llIl.OO<l
!lIAS
lA JoU
Fig. 4 . Pract ica l doub le sideb a nd modul otor-output.
79
balanced mod ulator screens is too high or too

~
low. In particul ar, the bi as on th e secondary 10K
~...
PLATES
of the modulat or will affect the crossover ~,-

point on th e p attern. D rive will cause th e pat-

tern to b ulge or become concave depending
on whet her too mu ch or too litt le d rive is ap -
p lied. If in doub t re gard ing your particul ar
pat tern consult one of the many exce llent
handbooks ava ilab le. I ncid en tall y, a sing le
aud io tone is all tha t need be applied to ob-
tain a bow-tie 00- DSB whereas th e familiar
two -tone test is used on SSB to obtain the
sa me pattern.
That's it! I ha ve p resented a few practical
hints for building a D SB tr an smitter. This
modes popularity is still gro wing as witnessed
by severa l new tr ansmitters appearin g on the
market. The mode is extrem ely p ractica l from
OF 1lIOC. xr lolFtI
,.
!o
Fig. SA. Sou rce of horizont a l swee p fo r Q bow t ie
pattern sho wn in 5 8 .
p ra cti ca lly all aspects and above all it is ex-
tre mely simple as compared with SSB.
In closing, if any read ers are int er est ed in
com plete construction details of a b an dswitch-
ing 350 wa tt DSB tran smitter drop a no te to
my QTH an d I'll do my best to tr y to write
such an art icle.
VE7Illnl

A. Thi vie rge VE2H E

A Semi-Swilc hless Direction al Coupler

Ever since [ bu ilt m v first "Monima tch"
S\VR indicator, I have f~lt th at simu lta neo us
mo nito ring of th e Forward an d Reflected com -
po nen ts would be desirable. I would all too
freq uently find myself tryin g in vain to tune
for minimum Reflect ed only to find that I had
the switc h in the Forward po sition ! Or (tha t
was befor e I grew a third h and ... ) I would
get ann oye d at Ilipping the switch back an d Fig . 2. Fina l circu it wh ich g ives conv ention al For-
for th tunin g for a he althy F readi ng . . . and wa rd and Refl ected rea dings ::IS well a s the specia l
get a healt hier R readin g. I considered using Tune position .
tw o meters, but th e thought of such lav ish
Th e next logi cal step qu ickly su gges ted it-
extrav agance was swiftly b rush ed aside every-
self. Sin ce th e outputs from th e co upler ar e
time Junior need ed new shoe s. If other ham s
of opposite polarities, why not mix th em in a
h ave run int o th e same p robl em (no. n ot
com mon -load and read th e resultant? It
Ju nior 's shoes . . . ) here is one answe r to ou r
works. Se F ig. 1. Two I k resistors in ser ies
comm on p light.
are b ridged ac ross th e F a nd R term inals of
I use a zero-center mi cro ammeter. The the Mouimutch and the m icro arnm eter con-
connections to the Reflect ed diode are re-
nected to their jun ction po int reads the alg e-
versed to produc e a neg ative ou tput. No
braic sunt of th e two voltages: A maximum
conf usion now : po sitive readin g for Forward
positive d eflection indicates m inimu m. s'\-vn.
and neg ati ve for Reflect ed .
T he necessa ry con ne ctions are made
th rou gh a three p osition two pole switch. See
Fig. 2 for comp lete wir ing. This provides 3
"IIEn£CTED"
center Tun e po siti on givin g the con figu ruti-m
shown in F ig. I as- well as the conven tional
IN) ...
" Foncard an d Reflect ed position s.
~
Simply switc h to Tw w and manipulate all
loadin g and matchin g contr ols to obtain a
,s IN3. m aximu m positive defl ecti on. You may then
" sw itc h to F an d R in the norma l ruuun er to
"FOfI WAFtO"
veri fy the results of your knob tw idd ling. B1It
FiQ. 1. Use of a ze ro ce nter mic roa mme te r fo r th e after n wh ile you won 't bother.
Mon imatch. . . VE21lE

80 73 MAGA ZIN E
 NO FROSTING ON THIS CAKE
(SWAN CONTINUED)
My ad in the January issue crea ted q uite a
stir, and ma ny letters were received fr om h am s
all ove r th e country . T he upsho t is th at I feel
prompted to de fine Swan's va lue a litt le more,
specifically fo r you fellows who are wo nderin g
what to purchase.
I recommend and sell Swa n in greater nu m-
bers than an v other tra nsce iver be cau se of the
in heren t sou ndness of the product and b ecause
of its obv iously grea te r va lue. L et me explai n.
In evalua ting any mod ern sideban d transcei ver
considera tion must be made for th e total fre-
quency covera ge over th e maxim um n umber of
ama te ur bands, th e flexibili ty of the equip ment
to reach outside the band s for l\lARS and CAP
wo rk, th e d egree wit h which the p roduct will
op erat e sa tisfactorily on C \V and A~l as we ll
as side ba nd, ratio of rejecti on of th e unwan ted
p roducts vs. the effective power ou tp u t, and of
cour se the mechanical conv eni ence of opera t-
in g the eq uip men t. Pr ice of course is an object
A NEW SWAN PRODUCT
Fo r those of you who are in terested in VHF,
I have a pl easant sur p rise-Swa n is bringin g
out a 6-meter sideband transce ive r. It will look
essentially th e same as the Mod el 350, it will
ha ve th e sam e di mensions, it will provide 240
wa tts of PEP inp ut to a pair of 6146B's, and it
will provide fu ll 6-meter coverag e in incre-
ments of 500kc bv me ans of a lockable band
se t capa citor. Pro~ision h as be en made in its
d esign for a 500KC crystal calib ra tor acc essory.
T his tr an sceiver has an RF ga in con trol. Full
AGe and a crysta l latt ice network of 10.7mc
and will op era te on upp er sideband an d AM .
It is meant to be used with any of the st an d ard
Swan powe r sup p lies . Best of all, the price of
HERBERT W. GORDON COl\1PANY
Woodchuck Hill, Harvard, Mass., 01451
Telephone 617-456-3548
and so is the re cord of service-free hours th at
can be expected . After all, we ca nnot all af-
for d Cadillncs. It see ms to me as I write thi s
that there are an awfully lot of C bevrolets 0 11
th e road and that a mod ern C hev rolet is cer -
tninl y giving its ow ne r a grea t deal of sa tisfac-
tion . I liken Swa n to Chevrolet . It has the
power , th e Hexibi lity, th e opera ting conve n-
ience, and a re cor d of reliability wh ich pl aces
it in the fro n t for value. Swan gives you fu ll
80- 10 covera ge, 3. 7mc total, an d the chance to
operate on ~IAR S or other external frequen cies
with th e pu rchase of a sma ll and inexpen sive
accessory. The power th at you get is greater
than practically any othe r transceiver out .
Priced wi th t he AC power sup ply at onl y
$480.00, you get your ch oice of C\V, AM , and
sid eband . If you wa u t to try some th ing int er -
esting, compare th ese facts on freq uency,
power, an d pri ce with the othe r tran ceivers an d
th en sit back and judge for yourself what you
ough t to do. You will be p icking-Swan.
this new Mo del ..250 is expected to be only
$295.00 with deli very starting in early May.
Get your order in soon!
If you ev alua te th e pl easu res tha t you will
receive fro m vour h am rad io in terms of m axi-
mum con ta ct t ime vs. hours expende d you will
begin to understan d why 6-me ter activ ity is
bec omin g so ve ry popular.
Here is th e rig wh ich is bou nd to make h is-
tory and , in ty pica l Swan manner , you get
max imum valu e. No "frills- the pleasure is in
the ea tin g, oops I m ean the operating . Now
you know wh y I say there is no frostin g on
this cake!

Two Buck Monitor
Gath er roun d , all you poor h arassed ops
who arc ge tti ng hot on your C\v or want to
and wh o own a m onitorless tr ansmitter or
sid eband transceiver . Som e of tho se rigs are
p retty h ard to h ook a m oni tor to so you can
tell wha t you're se nding. You can install a
noisy relay to operate th e monitor, but there is
a better and cheaper way in most cases so
wh v not lise it? Let's live modern and come
lip 'with a two h uck monitor scheme that will
p lug righ t int o the key jack and let you know
ho w your keying sounds . N ot only that, h ut i t
has no ot her wires or leads than th e lin e to
the key jack and a p lace to p lu g in th e key
itself .
T he reall y best way to monitor your send-
ing is to listen 011 the station receiver but if
you own a tran sceiv er , forget it. The n ext
best way is to have au aud io oscilla to r that is
keyed along with the transmitter. T he best bet
in am lin oscilla tor s today is th e 98¢ tra nsisto r
mod ule va riety that is in practica lly all of th e
ma il order ca ta logs. These units ar e the most
in simp lici ty. W ire up a small 6 volt batt ery
and a speaker to th em and the y will operate
for months, an d drive you out of th e room
with their volume to boot. And you can use
th e u nit for a cod e p ra ct ice oscillator if yo u're
reall y ru sty, th en plug it into th e rig wh en
read y to go.
Now the trick is to h ook thi s thi ng up t o
Mil • • • 1 Ii ' _ P " ti
,
••
\'
.,
External view of the Two Buck Manitar.
Ron Gunn W A6K LL
3 5 8 A lbatross Ave .
Livermo re, Calif. 9 45 50
your transmitter when th e key is operatin g a
circ uit tha t is fr om 30 volts and up , and of
any polarity. W ell, if the voltage is high
eno ug h to be d ow nright da ng ero us, don 't be a
h ero, install a double pole relay and live a
wh ile . But if the voltage is a couple of hu n-
dr ed or less, science h as fou nd the an sw er .
a nd the q ua ntities the y make these th ings in
h as d riven th eir price down to less than four
bits. I am spea king of the fan tastically efficient ,
tin v and enorm ouslv valuab le silicon power
d i~de. .
These un its ha ve a forw ard dro p (con duct-
ing m od e) of less than 0.6 volt a t full rated
current. As far as any circu it we m igh t want
to operate thru it is concerned, it isn't even
th ere . The rever se resistance is an other story,
however. When the , cathod e of on e of these
diodes b ecomes positive , the series resi stance
jump s to many megoh ms.
Our p robl em then is to hook up th e two
circuits we are interested in without their in-
tera cting. By interactin g I mean pr even tin g
th e volt ag e in th e ke ying circu it fro m chang-
in g th e solid state com ponents in th e monitor
into low grade r esistors. T he two circu its I
speak of are th e keyin g circu it itself (neces-
sa ry !) and th e m on itor circu it we wo uld like to
op era te at th e same time.
First. determine the polarity .of the tran s-
m itter ke ying circ uit. Jf th e tr ansceive r is
block-grid ke yed. it will h e nega tive . If it is a
modulator bala n ce/unbalance sch eme or a
t one oscilllat or, it m ay we ll be po sti ve. If
you h ave to inst all th e keyin g yourself or it is
obv ious from th e schema tic. fine . If not th en
pl ug in a pho ne pl ug with th e pl ast ic h andle
]:.
. :1~~ .
CRI e'n
'i" ---1---'
"''''''
, rc ~ ffi
"" "'"
Fig. 1. The Two Buck Monitor using the Cordover
CPO·4 madule.
71 MAGAZINE
 THIS SPACE IS RESERVED FOR
AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT
FROM TRANSLAB
HER E IT IS!
ElECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS • • • MODEL 601 BALUN

i, ~ ~

i ~

Ins ide of t he Two Buck Mon itor . The cordcve r 1=,,--,--0,----,:----0:-- -;:-
modu le is just above the batter y.

removed an d d etermine what po larity is 011

the tip with a voltmeter. Be righ t or the two
circuits will interact as exp lai ned ab ove-once .
The odds arc 50-50.
1\OW gaze upon F ig. J . In it is shown a
scheme for isolating th e two circ uits in qu es-
tion from each other whil e operating them off
of the same kev. The silico n di ode mentioned
L.oo.L,--~--~-~~-~--~--
o
above has solv~d our p roblem . When the key
is up . and our schematic ass umes th at we use
block-grid keying (negative), th e negative volt-
age at the key goes to maybe a couple of c i- - - - - ---,
hu nd red volts. T his voltage w ould instantly
r uin the monitor except that we have insta lled
the diode in series with it and have polarized
it such that the negative volta ge on its an ode
has cut it off and th e monitor never sees any
10 203040~ 6070I!lO'JOIOO.O 120 00
voltage thru it . \Vhe n the key is d ow n th e F~HCY IN MEGACYCLES ........
keyed circuit sees gro und anti the rig turns
on. At the same time th e mo nitor circuit sees
a cont inuo us circuit th ru th e key, the nO\\1 tI tip.
forward bia sed diode and the hattery. It has
also been turned on .
1'\0\\', if you happen to have p ostive voltage
$ 1 9.9!?
Plus Pos tcce .
W ith mating
-... 1:] I
}"
UG2 1B/U
at th e key jack. just d isconnect the monitor o dd $ 1.0 0
part of th e cir cuit at th e key (poi nts x an d y) ')
and reverse them. Then be sure to label th e
mo nit or either p ostive or negative as th e ca se 2·30 MC· 2 KW P.E.P. • CO MPLETELY
ma y be. The wro n g polarity w ill ru in it . .\Iine WEATHERPROOF ' 1:1 or 4:1 RATIO (SPECIFY)
has the statement "use with negative keyed • MOUNTING FOR BEAM OR DIPOLE
voltage only" on it as can be seen in the photo. ea rly pe rfe ct c hara ct erist ics a re obta ined by t he usc
If you go ho g wild as J have an d ge t a N of low loss ferrite ma teria ls a nd speci a l wind ing tec h-
niques. The tra nsformer is comple te ly enca psulated in
p retty bo x, etc., the cost will be more th an a pla st ic to a ssure f reedom fro m moist ure or shoc k da ma g e.
Model 601 is desig ned to r 'D 1:1 ra t io (50 ohms unbal -
couple of h ucks, bu t th e ba sic parts arc not a nced to 50 ohms balan ced ) a nd t he Model 601 A is e vert -
a ble for applications requirin g a 4 :1 rat io (50-200 ohms
far from it . By th e way, if the con tac ts on your or 75· 300 ohms). Each unit is supplied with a UG58A/ U
bu g are the least bit dirty, the mon itor will tell (ty pe N) fi tti ng to provide superior weather resistance.
you qu ick. It is very sensiti ve to resistance in WRIT E FOR DATA SHEET OR SEE YOUR LOCAL DEALER
the keyed circuit and will greet you with a
d ifferent note on your dnh s than you get on
your dits. You r V ma y sound like it's straight
TRANSLA B INC.
fro m Beethoven. Th e cure? Clean the points, 4154 FEDERAL BLVD. SAN DIEGO, CAL. 92102
of course. . .. WA6KLL

APRI L 1966 83
 M. B. Crowley EI4R
78 Chur ch Stre et
Ltstowel, County Kerry
Eire

Controlled Aud io AVC System

Th e two essen tial requ iremen ts of th e Aud io
d erived uvc sys te m a re ( 1) fast rise tim e, ( 2)
cont rolled deca y time.
Lack of fast rise time means that on th e first
syllable of a modula ted wave or the first dot
or das h of a C\V signa l, an annoying blast of
sound is rec eived because th e incoming sign al
has not had sufficien t time to generate and
apply bias to th e controlled va lves th en ru n-
ning at maximu m amp lification.
Slow de cay time, to the u ser s' choi ce, is
d esira ble, b ut fast enough to allow th e COI1-
trolled valves to reach full sensitivity rea sonably
q uickly at the end of tran sm ission, and rea dy
for th e next weak in comi ng signal as required ,
and also slow en ough to allow the user to read
the value of th e incoming signal from his S
meter needle before same ret u rns to zer o.
The last t\VO re q uirem en ts a re conHicting in
th at too slow a decay time ena bling the S
meter need le to remain reasonabl y stea dy will
not allow the set return to fu11 sensitivity
qu ickly eno ugh, or vice versa, with the se t
q uickly sensitive, the meter is unreadab le, du e
to its fast movem ents.
E labora te circuits ha ve been d evised to
overcome the se failings b u t complicated sys-
tems are enough to make se t owne rs shy free
of incorpora tin g them in their rec eiver s; th ere-
fore, a sim ple syste m tha t has the necessa ry
req uiremen ts and gives steady meter reading
is desirable. Such a svstem is now outlined in
circuit , where it is n ~ticeable that th e reason-
ably slow d ecov tim e for the av e lin e an d th e
ve ry slow d ecay tim e for the meter, ar e now
separa te functions.
The inc omin g signal is applied to the grid
of first section double triode, which ha s an
u nb iased catho d e resistor allowing th is section
to wo rk undistorted with strong or weak sig-
nals. The amp lified outp u t of thi s valve is
pa ssed via .01 mfd conde nser to th e cat hode
of the second half of valv e wh ich cathode is
connected to earth via a crvsta l d iod e with
the negative blocking en d to cathode . Th e
ca thode and grid compo ne nts of this sec tion
are so in ter conn ec te d that a nega tive mean
level of bias mainta ined on the grid , following
slight ly below the signals on th e cathod e. Thus
the tip s of th e rect ified aud io volta ge at the
d iod e are p assed from the cathode to the grid
to charge the 25 uf cond enser an d also from
ca thode to anode to the ave line th rou gh the
10 k resistor to charge the .1 uf conde nser.
The time constants of th e controlled grids is
made d elib erately sma ll (e .go,. th rough 50 k

" Beamed-Pow
, er"ANTENNAS," BALUNS"
I. V. KITS and ROTATOR SYSTEMS!

You, too -can enjoy World re nown TELREX

performance and value! Send for PL66 te ch
d a t a and p ricin g C.at a log, de s crib in g th e
World's mos t po pular communicat ion anten-
nas, rotator-selsyn-i n dicator systems a nd ac-
cessor ies ! E xpanded da ta sheet s, inc lu din g
your favorite band, also ava ilable.

Use, is one of t he most dep endable

test imonia ls of e nd ors ement, an d Telrex
p roducts a re in use in 135 lands ASBURY PARK. NEW JERSEY 07712, U. S. A.

84 73 MAGAZINE
 , _ " " '- ' -_ Av e L iNE

Fig . 1. Controlled a ud io AVe syste m .

•
S.W.R. BRIDGEand
resistor s with grid s bip ussed wit h .005 ~f con-
d en sers ) thus allowing th e ave line decay tim e
(about two sec ond s) to dep end on the val ue
FIELDSTRENGTHMETER
of th e .1 uf conde nser in thi s circuit. The d e-
cay tim e can be varied to su it users' choice by
increasing or decreas ing th e value of th is con-
denser.
95
Any movemen t of electrons in a diode, valve
or valve portion act ing as a diode, du e to the Allow $ O¢ lor
packin g a n d
constantly changing polarity of anode in re- s h ip p ing .
spect of th e cathod e resu lting in reversa l of Ca liforni a re s i-
d e n ts includ e
elec tro n ch arge m ovement wit h the valve or 4~ sa les ta x.
di od e will cause noise in suc h circuits as d e-
tect ors mixers or any n on linear device , which
will add to th e overall noise background of th e
receiver. The pecul iar arra ngemen t in the cir-
cuit of the d iode and its associat ed compo-
nents were arran ge d in all effort to ca ncel ou t
th e reversal of valve space cur ren t, eith er from
th e anod e to catho d e or grid to cath od e, T he
eventual nega tiv e charge Oi l th e va lve grid b v
th e storage cha rge of the 2.5 uf conde nser will
can cel out reversal of elec trons from anode and
gr id to cath ode. The can ce llation of this n oise
source to the anod e wh ich is connected to th e THE BEST
controlled va lves , wh ich can amp lify any VALUEWE
source of noise, leaves us wit h a mu ch q uieter HAVE
receiver, an adv antage not to be ignored . Th e EVER.
25 IJf cond enser is also conne cted to th e me ter OFFEREDI
circuits and h as a slow time cons tant allowin g
the met er to rem ain steady long eno ugh for
comfor ta b le readin g. An e xce llen t combinati o n unit fo r eit he r ho me
The components of th e circ uit are n ot in any ste ticn o r ~mQbile use ... as an accurate Standing
wa y cr itical in values leaving some lat itude Wave Bridge and a se nsitive Fie ld Str e ng th
reg ardi ng ch oice of compon en ts. Most any Mete r. 52 o hm impe d an ce . W ill take a f u ll kilo-
crystal di od e in good wo rking order will suf- wa lt a nd ca n rem a in in the line a ll o f the ti me .
fice. F or g reater va lues of ave levels, a 12AT7 Grey met a l case , 5%" H x llf4" W X 21/4" D,
va lue ma y be used to re p lace th e 12AU7 with - wit h sta nd a rd fitt ings, 1 ;ra" Brigh t-vue me te r,
ou t changing any compone nt s. Placem ent of a nd de tach able, tel e scoping ante nna w hich e x-
te nds to 10 3,4". With instr uct io ns a nd sche matic.
va lv e mid parts is n ot crit ical, h ut if p laced
away from th e au dio source, a scree ned lead
from au dio source to th e va lve inp ut should
be used to pr even t grid hu m th rough th e set.
A simp le typ e of d e bri d ge amplifier such as
th e com mo n 6C4 circuit ca n be used. Mavbe
QUEMENT
you r S meter is sens itive enough witho ut "an
amplifier. T his is left to th e rea de r's choice .
. . . EI4R
ELECTRONICS
1000 SOUTH BASCOM SAN JOSE, CA LIFORNIA

APRI L 19E6
" Nort her n Califo rn ia's Most COf'IIIp le te Ham Sto re "
SINCE 1933

One-Way Dual Battery
Use a unique one-way dual diode circuit and
never worry about your car battery again.
Sometime ago I decided that I wa nted to
be able to operate my am ateur gear without
ever having to worry about the ca r's battery
going dead . H aving experienced the unpleas-
antnes s of not bei ng able t o park for a while
d uring the winter, with th e engine off and the
heater Oil, or tr ansmitting to my heart's con-
ten t, I considered at first having a spare bat-
tery In -the trunk and hooking it up by cab les
to the charging syste m under the hood . As I
though t about it further, however , I realized
that with thi s svstem I would need heavy
cables so that I{O volta ge would be lost, i
would lose a bit of trun k space, I would have
to do a let of work (I don 't like doing more
than I have to), and I could just as easily ru n
Rich ar d Ja cobs WA(JJAI Y
1015 Glenside Cit y
Un ive rsity City, Mo.
UOWIi one battery as two -thus gall ung onlv
a few more minutes of total elect rical power.
I had to have some way to increase my
au tomobile's stored elect rical energy ( ba tt ery
p ower ) and at the sam e time arra nge it so
th at I would n't have to switch betw een th e
batt eries wh en I was using the system or con-
nect th em for charging-automation wa s my
answer.
D eciding on the ultimate solution, I de-
cided to use a d ual-diode, dual-battery circuit,
which pe rmits two batt eries to be installed
View of the eng ine compa rt me nt of the ca r show-
ing th e two ba tte ries an d pa rt of the d iode he a t-
sin k. '
 I NO_I)
r - - - ...DC-250 OR
I I EQJIVAL[ f\IT

: ... 13961
NO FOOLING!
:, ':~
, ' $200 trade on a Ranger
- : $200 trad e on a Valiant
$250 on a monoband Swan
Fig. 1. Sch e ma tic of the one-wa y dua l diod e, dua l $300 on a Swan 240
ba tt e ry syste m .
$325 on an SBE 33
und er the h ood an d enables charging of b oth
batt eri es simu ltan eously b ut elimina tes forever
$379 on an SR·150
on e's no t b eing ab le to get hi s car sta rte d in No tricks to it, we' ll give dea ls like these
th e win ter or after he h as talk ed too long and wh en you trade i n your pr esent equipm ent
run down the ba ttery. As can be ascertaine d on a brand n ew
fro m th e diagram, the car's electrical load
( ligh ts, horn , starte r, heater, etc .) are on one
batt ery; and th e am ateur load ( rec eivers,
tran smitt ers, PA system , electronic-siren, po -
National NCX-5 Mark II
lice ami aircraft r eceiver, etc.) are on the five band SSB transceiver
second batterv .
Since the ~1iodes conduct in only one di-
rection, curren t output from th e 'alterna tor
flows fre ely through the d iod es to the batteri es
bu t since th e diodes will not cond uct in the
reverse direction, one load cannot take cu rre nt
Q:.
6 .
from the other butterv.
I used Westin gho use I N 1396 diodes which
are m ica at .50 PH V 0J 70 amp s and mo unted 01110
·iiii ::i;i
th e two OI l a \Vestinghouse industrial heatslnk
whi ch is av ailable from th at com pa ny's Youn g-
wood , Pennsylva nia p lant. The heatsink is
m ount ed under th e h ood an d h as p rovided
Now avail able on i mmedia t e 'delivery from
seve ral veers of main tenan ce-fr ee service. 111-
Radi o Products Sales f or onl y: . . . . $685.00
cid en tal ly, to store th e most powe r possible,
I rep laced the original batter y wit h a D elco
h i ~h capa city D C-.2.S:0 an d go t an ide n tical one We also have availa ble: the NCXA power
for the ot he r sid e of th e engine compart men t. supply at ~ _ . $110.00
Since th er e is a sligh t d rop in forwa rd volt. The NCL2000 Linear . $685.00
age with th e diod es in th e ch arging circ u it, it The console _ _ . $24 9.95
is a good id ea to have the voltag e adjust men t The dc power sup ply . $11 9.95
on the reg ulator tur ned up to compensate for
thi s. Write us f or a qu ote on wh at yo u'v e got to
One nev er knows th e fee ling it is not to t rade. Your Heath 12 , 22, 32 cos t you $1 20 ,
ever h ave to worry about anothe r d ead hat- we' ll allow you $2 40! Better write . . . rig ht?
ten '. If one leaves- th e he at er on too long in Cali f orn ia residents add 4 % sales ta x on our
th~ wint er or th e air-cond itioner on too lon g pri ces.
ill the slimmer with th e eng ine off, h e can
always "[ump" th e p ower from hi s # 2 (a uxil-
iar y eq uip me n t} battery. If h e likes to ya k 11..1.8 PRO DUCTS SA LES INC.
fro m hi s m ob ile and talks too lon g on hi s # 2
(au xiliary eq uip men t ) batt ery and dr ain s it 1501 SOUTH HILL STREET
comp letely, h e can do it kn owin g that h e will
still have his fully charged # 1 (automobile LOS ANGELES, CALIFORN IA
equipment) battery with which to start the
car. You can't bea t itl The West's Oldest Ham Distribut er
• .• WA0AIY

APR IL l M6 67

Richa rd Gena ille
719 Quarterstaff Road
Winston-Sa lem, North Ca rolina
88
A
Dynamic
Microphone
at
Low
Cost
Fo r man v veal'S radio amateu rs have ob -
tained, b y ' va rious and sundry means, th e
popular W estern Electric F l··..:rransmitter Unit
for use as an exce llent ca rbon micr ophone at
the ho me station or for mob ile and portable
w ork. \Vhile the F l Unit performs ad mirably,
it also ha s cer tain disadvantages, such as th e
need for provid ing ope ra ting cur ren t by the
usc of an external ba ttery or by mod ifying
speech amplifier circuitry to utilize tube cath-
od e curren t. Excessive carbon butt on cur-
rent very often results in packing of th e car -
bon gra nu les and unsatisfactory operation .
Very ofte n an opera tor will complain of hear -
in g ca rbon mike hiss on your signal.
On th e other end of the F series typ e tele -
phone hand-set, of which th e F l Transmitte r
Unit is a part, is the unit known as the West-
ern Electric HA -l Receiver Uni t. To most
hams this part of the tel ephone hand-set ha s
had litt le significan ce other than to be the
pa rt th at you norma lly wo uld listen to whe n
using th e han d-set. Unknown to many ham s
is th e fac t that th e HA -l Rece iver Unit can
be used as a m icro phon e with excellent re-
sults in providing good voice com munica tions
qu ality. It is a con trolled diaphragm magnetic
73 MAGAZINE

An unusua l op p ort uni ty exists for hams who
have an int erest in ,\IABS or CAP to purchase
a bran d new HCA SSB-.=i transcei ver. T his 4-
channel transceive r covers the range of 3-1.=i
me and provid es a mea ns of switching anyone
of 4 di scret e freq ue ncies wit hin this spec trum
with a flick of a swi tch . All circuit s from the
crystal to the outp ut pi ar e swi tche d by this
contro l, an d when you tu ne up for an).' one
sp ecific frequency you tune the entire trans-
ceiver with a separa te set of adjust ments for
each cha nne l. T here are provisions for 4 an-
tennas and you get a choice of a B-po le la ttice
filter for either upper or lower sid eband. T he
u nwant ed carrier a nd/or opposite sid eband is
rejected by more th an 50db while permitting
more than 125 watts of PEP out put.
H ere is a de vice, th e best of its kind for
.\.tAR S opera tion, cur rently selling for $742 .50 ,
absolut ely new . I have a total of only 46 of
these u nits available for sale which I wiII sell
to th e first 46 customers who send in th eir
money. This is wha t you will get for $249 ..~ O :
The tra nsceiver; one crvstul of vour cho ice be-
tween 3 and V5 me (t his crystal will always be
1400 KC higher th an the frequency you wan t
to op era te 0 11 ) ; eithe r 110 AC supply or a sup-
p ly that wil l operate on 12 volts D C for use in
a motor ve hicle; th e crystal latt ice selectable
sideband filter th at you wish, eithe r upper or
lower, or von mal' bu v the othe r filter for an
extra $ ,~ O .OO; intercon nectin g cables; an d the
ins truction man ual .
HERBERT W .GORDON COMPANY
Woodchuck Hill, Harvard, Mass., 01451
Telephone 617-456-3548
APRIL 1966
Attention MARS Members:
A Very Limited
Offer
T he transceiver w-eighs only 16 lbs, the AC
sup p ly 23 Ibs, the D C sup ply 8 Ibs. It me as-
ures 12Jz" x 7 ~f " x 13". The receivin g sectio n
itse lf has extre mely good sensitivity , being bet-
ter than 1 micr ovolt for 50 milliwa tts output
with a 10d b signal plu s noise to noise ra tio.
By the way, you get the p ush -to-talk micro-
p hone and the built-in spe aker as part of the
pa ckage. You have automatic speech d ip ping
lip to l Sd b, and each crystal of th e 4 th at you
ca n use is hous ed in a thermostutical lv COJl -
trolled oven which is su pplied as part 'of the
gear. You ca n ma tch <lil y an tenna fro m 10 to
80 ohm s incl udin g whips . T he front panel con-
trols includ e a pilot lamp lo show the se t is on,
a mod ulat ion indicato r, and em ission control
which provide s for either up per or lowe r side-
band output or either sideband wit h carrier. I n
ot her wo rds, } 'OU ca n go A ~ J with this rig. You
have a trim contro l which gives you the means
of tu ni ng up to 7.~ cycles on any incoming sig-
nal, and you have both an RF gain cont rol and
a power out p ut gain control.
This is late, modem equipment, new , checked
unt, guar antee d and <sold on a mon ey-ha ck
Imsis; $742.50 worth of new sid eband gear for
$2 4D.50 special only at
"
type receiver un it similar ill operation to a
permanen t-magnet type loudspeaker. As is iere """""""7·'
-- ~ ~ ---- ~ I MICP.Of'tlO'I£
~ S Sj~ D (SEE TEXT
HEAD
" PHOTOSf
alread y well known in am at eur circles, a _ I REO ~T GIlN MI~E
: INSERT .0 0 1 IF QUALITY

perma nent -magnet loudspeaker call be used as ~~C:'WER 'KJ

~ A SOVI"CS TOO "BASSY" l SEE TEXT)
UNIT _ M :
a d ynam ic microphone. altho ugh the fidelity - - --- ------ .
is not as good as is obt ainab le with a properly l RED !ll.1< 4 -- - ~;7
IL '~c,o.Bl..E
C'107 Ol'l EOI..N.
desi gn ed micropho ne . L ikewise, th e H A-l Re- ~ lll BTllO'I ICS

ceiver Unit can be used as a dvn umic micro-

Fig. 1. Schematic of th e Jaw cos t dynamic micr o -
phone, but with superior results" It has a more pho ne u sing the HA- l rece iver u nit .
desira ble freq uency response for ama te ur
communica tions work than most of the low- than about $6..50 if all of th e ma teri al, includ-
cost crystal microphones presently Ilood mg th e ing the HA-l Unit . is p~rchased n~.w. "
market, is physically ru gged and is not easily Th e interior of the microphone head aucl
affected by shock, heat or hum idity. The HA-l the completed microphone with sta nd arc
can now be obtained. withou t recourse to shown in the photographs. X eed less to say.
"various an d sun d ry mean s," at a nomina l cost. one docs not have to adhere strict ly to the
\ Vith a sm all amo unt of effort , a few addi- miscellaneous hardware used hy th e author as
tion al components and some miscellaneous th ere are pro bably many variations of mount-
hardware, you can make up a good communi- ing th at would he entirely satisfactory. 1.'hc
cati ons q ua lity d ynamic microp hone which II A-l Receiver Unit and the SO-1 match ing
you can use at your station as either your transformer are mou nted ill the 2;l:1 " x 2}s" x
main mike or as a rugged mike for mobile ] %," aluminum Mini box. A hole approximately
and portable wor k. H ere is how it is done. 111.6" in diameter is cut in th e section of the
Since the output impedance of a typical Minibo x which is to serve as the front of the
dynam ic typ e unit such as the HA- l is quite mike. F or appearance 's sake, a small piec e of
low, it is usually desirable to provide some alum inum screen wire is placed over the hole
mean s of imped ance ma tching to a hi gh im- all the inside of th e Minibox section. The HA-l
pedance microphon e inp ut. Th is is most ofte n uni t is positioned centra lly over the wire
accomplished by the use of a sma ll ma tching screen and hole " and fastened secu rely w ith
t ransformer normallv mounted inside of the small ca ble clips. The SO-1 mat ch ing trans-
case in which the dv'nami c un it is insta lled . To form er is mount ed by means of a small copper
de term ine the ch; rac te ristics of th e t rans- strap as shown in th e photograph. The author
former required for ma tching the H A-l . an used a small dab of nail polish to pr eve nt the
impeda nce curve was plotted for the HA-l truusformer fro m sliding out from under th e
Unit using measurements made with a Knight- strap in the even t th at the -. microphone is
Kit Sine W ave Audio Generat or and a Knight- dr op ped. A lug type terminal strip was
Kit Vacuum Tube Voltmeter. F rom this im-
pedan ce cur ve it wa s found that the imped-
an ce of th e un it varies fro m about 60 ohms at
300 cycles to near 400 ohms at ,5,000 cycles.
F or norm al voice wor k we are pri maril y in-
terested in th ose voice fre quencies which lie
between 50 0 and 2,500 cycles. To ob tain the
necessary impedance match for the H A-l Unit
to a high impedance connection and to kee p
th e dimensions of th e matching transformer as
small as possibl e, a U.T.C. Sub-Ou ncc r minia -
ture trunsfonner was selected for th e job . Th e
particula r mode l, th e SO-I , is physicall y small
enough to loca te within the meta l box which
will ultimatelv be used as th e mike "hea d ."
It has a primar y impedance of 50/200 ohms
and a secondarv impedance of 62.5k to 250 k
ohm s. Th e response of the 50 -1 is p lus or
minu s 3 db from 200 to .5,000 cycle s. Thi s
small transformer is the only item req uired
for th e microph one cons tru ct ion th at costs in
excess of one dolla r. The en tire micro ph on e, Inside view of the mic ropho ne he a d showi ng method
stand and all, can be constru cted for no more of mounti ng por t s.

'0 73 MAGAZI NE
moun ted inside th e Minibox to facili tate inter-
connec tion of the tran sformer secoud urv lead s
to the cond uct ors of the microphone' cable.
Th e schema tic is shown in F ig. I . The trans-
former primary leads are soldered to the H A-l
unit directly , taking ca re not to use excessive
hea t when soldering , The bla ck secondary lead
is used as the ground lead an d is con nected
to the shield of th e mike cable as well as to
the microphone case. The gree n sec ondary
lead connects to the mike cable inner cond uc-
tor and is the grid connection. T he mike stand
prop er is mad e up of a Sylvani a # P3305 Pen-
dan t Can opy, sometimes known in electrica l
supply houses as a canopy cove r, into whi ch
is clamped a 9" length of 'f " thinwall elec-
trical cond uit. A Thomas & Bet ts "Socks" con-
d uit connector is pushed on the oppos ite end
of the piece of cond uit and is inserte d into a
hole, large eno ugh to ad mit th e connector ,
which has been drilled in the botto m of the
Minibox. A hole lar ge eno ug h to acco mmo date
a %" rubber grommet was d rilled in the ca nop y
cover mike sta nd base. Th e mike cable is
passed through the gro mmet and tip the piece
of cond uit into the Minibox wh ere it is then
con nect ed as mentioned previously. Th e
sha rp-eyed read er will prob abl y notice a hole
cut in the rear cover of the microphone case
and cove red with aluminum screening. This
ho le wa s cu t hv the author since it seemed to
improve voice ' q uality in th e aut hor's unit.
Th e decision to include thi s open ing wa s made
after trying out the microphone with and
without the Miuibox sectio ns completely as-
sembled . Th e onl y explanati on coming to
mind for this behavior is possibly that of sound
wave reinforcemen t of cancellation due to the
waves striking the rear of the HA-1 Receiver
Unit diaphragm. If after testin g the micro-
phone it appea rs that the quality is a little on
th e bassy side, a characteristic com mon to
man y dynam ic microphones, a small capacitor
Oil the order of .001 uf can be connected in
series with th e grid side of the mik e ca ble .
Less capacitance will pro vid e mo re restri ction
of the lower freq uencies. Th e ad dition of thi s
capacitor may be accomplished a t the speech
amplifier inp ut grid end of the circuit or withi n
th e microphone head .
Your complet ed dyn ami c microphone
sho uld , afte r following the pr ecedin g instruc-
tions, look like th e complete d unit shown in
th e photograph un less you chose to assemble
the compo ne nts in a differe nt manner. You are
a ll set to conn ect the mike ca ble to you r tra ns-
mitt er audio sect ion and to receiv e com pli-
ments on your low cost d ynami c microphone.
, . . Gen aille
APRIL 1<;166
A CUBICAL QUAD antenna is a fu ll wave, -loop type 01 ant enna
wit h, low n, high signa l to noise ra tio. (a t mospheric statte dis-
eharpes are much less on a quad, t han on a long wire or beam
type ant enn a ) , High captu re area, with ap proximat ely g db.
forward gain , 25 to .30 db. Iront to back rat io and a f ront to
side rati o in excess of 50 db. , low SWR.· 1.5 to 1 on a ll ban ds.
THi S PARTI CULAR DESIGN built on th e hypote nuse of a n an,le,
using no boom otrers :
• No spiders to worry about brea king
• Muh lower Ilo ind load
• l ower ice lo%d (le ss area lor ice 10 f or m on)
• Bett er ~ a lance (less st ra in on rotor)
• Rotor mOl nted fai r ly c lose i nti eeeter of grayity
• Thh desi;n has ta kcn away t he monstrus look of a quad
• No loadin g corb necessary.
• Dplim lm spacing of .15 \III u ti engl h on a ll bands orrers t he
same impedence on a ll bands, t herrlore can be fed wit h one
feedlin!: BG s-u
• Weight 21 l bs.-SO TV rotor ca n be used
• No metal in th e horizonta l tl a ne (5 " 01. 11 amount in th e
semi- horizontal plane-no Boom) . "Ia ny hams hau become
aware of t he detuni ng tff eet of metal in the horizont a-l
plane of any hgrizont aJly polariz ed ante nna, and /laYe sene
so far as to break up t he baom or ot her large meta l s up .
porls by using wooll or ot her t ypes of insulali ng mat eria ls
as inserts .
• Turn ing radius -less th an nin e feet
• Ease of assembly_After a ngled center support has been
assembled , th e rest of th e assembly ca n actu ally be to n-
structed In the air by eil her sr Ui ng th e center s l pport up
i n t he rotor or tyin g eenter sl pport at ~t len f eet ab ou
highest obstruti on.
• Fiberglass rOds wilh no holes dril led i n a ny par t . 1 t he
rods. (,058 x 7,. inch al ' lIIing,", has bei'n libcrglassed i nto
t he fiberl lass rods, th en th e rods are atlilt hed to th e cellter
support by telu t oping th e ~. inch aI, min im i nto t he 1
ineh ahlll l nim ang le cente r supports .
• All a" mlrtUm .058 wall sUIII'less har d dra.... n.
ACTUAL TESTS -
This qrad sta yed I I
ill th e a ir wit h windi
I P to 6 5 M.P . H. with
a si mllat ed tee 101d
af 20 lhs. ( Four ( 5 )
lb. lfad weights )
$99.95
10% on
CO D ord e rs.
Small qu a d fo r
10 Dr 11 m eters
$ 39, 9 5
MACO PRODUCTS
9 15 E. Corn ell Ave.
Spring field , Illinois 62703
Te le phone 217_544-5891
"
Use this simple scheme to couple two
ante nnas to uour rec eioe r t o)' b etter
reception,
Diversity the Easy W ay
T he ac tiv e VHF enthusiast is p rimarily in -
terested in cons istency an d faithfulness in
reception of DX. In fa~t thi s ide a of strength
an d con tinuity ran ges throu gh the exp ressi ons
of m an y in our history. Thro ug h p oetry Brown-
ing tell s u s:
Th en, God for King Cha rles! Pym and his
snarls
To the Devil that pricks on such pesti lent
cnrles!
Ho ld by the right, yon double you r might;
So, onward to Nottingham, fres h for the
fight.
March we along, fifty-score strong.
Crear-hearted gentlemen, sing ing
this song!
(From Cavalier T unes, Ro b ert Browning.)
D iversit y, the techn ique usin g the b est
possible signal obtainable fr om one an te nn a
ins tantaneously and automatically selected
from a m ultip le antenna array, each antenna
separated horizontally by a large distance,
cert ain ly is a worthwhile method for realizing
the subject specifications for VHF reception .
lVA2AfTB is a student inter ested in experi-
menting.
-- ~
12/'\10
~-SHIl::LD .00!..L7 rh
;J; ~'.""
6. 3 V
Fig. 1. Schematic of the simplified divers ity
ad opter.
92
Alexande r Labounsky WA2MTB
Wayaawi Avenue
Ba yv ille, N.Y.
Altho u gh th is te chnique has no t b ee n d es-
cribed as much as it sho uld h ave been in the
leading ama teu r rad io journals, significa nt
advances have been made in thi s field b v
many in dividu als and b y the "PC-iS" in th~
rea lm of h igh fidelity F:"J bro ad casti n g. R e-
q uisite readin g on clive rsit v is th e art icle' b y
two en gineer s of H ennon Ho smer Scott, Inc .
W he n dive rsity is men tioned , many thi nk
of th e relatively expensive mean b y w hich it
m ay b e accomplished, an d installed. That
mea n is th e use of two or more VH F antennis
separated by at . Je ast three wavelength hori-
zontally connected . to separa te, In dividual
ra dio r eceivers employing "inters tation noise
sup pression" (s quelch) with eac h au dio outpu t
p ar all eled . But th is requires at leas t two, iden-
tical VH F receivers 1
Instead of the ob viou s expense that is in-
curred b y use of th e a bove, p ar allelin g the
an tennas toget h er and feedi ng the resultant
transmission into one VHF receiver wo uld b e
a wonderfu l su bs titu te if a met hod for p ar al- .
leling an te nn a lines could be foun d which
wonld not attenuate incomin g signals. T o
avoid the u se of matching tran sfo rmers, et
cetera. at th e very inp ut of th e receive r, the
au thor inadvertently stumbled upon a m agn i-
ficent breakt hrough for the posed problem .
Diversity a la amateu r radio is sh ow n sch e-
mntize d in Fi g. 1. T his diagram, designed for
two ch annel dive rsity op erati on, is illu stra ti ve
of two groun ded-g rid rf prea mplifi ers with
th eir resp ect ive outputs wired in series for
inse rt ion throu gh coaxial cab le to the input of
the VH F receiver. If built to ac hieve a very
low no ise figure, it sho uld exhibi t add itiona l
gain th ou gh the result ant output is lower tha n
it shou ld b e due to a lack of sop his ticated
out put, imped an ce ma tchin g networks between
the outpu ts of th ese two rf p ream plifi ers an d
the output jack on the u nit in F ig. I.
Sta ndard circuitry is u sed throu gh out and,
73 MA GAZ INE
 DON'T BE AN APRIL FOOe
SPECIAL LIMITED OFFER !
Regula r Net
Hallicrafters SR160 3 Band
Transceiver $
Hallicrafters P150DC Mobil e
Supply .
Hallicrafte rs MR160 Mobi le
Rack .
Regular Net

BURGHARDT'S APRIL FOOL SPECIAL 500/0 OFF! $236.95

• You will reall y be an Ap ri l Fool if yo u pass thi s on e up!

A mc r i(: o's Box 37A

Mo st Reli a ble Wote rtow n, So. Da k.
Am ate u r De al er Phon e 605-8 86·5 749

likewise, stan da rd VH F wrrmg procedu re

should he carefully followed. It should be kept
in mind th at all wiring is to be as short as
poss ible in th e cr itical wiring areas. If opera-
FREE ALL
NEW
tion is des ire d on frequencies above 220 m ega- CAr LOG
cycles, th e b uilder m ay , of cour se. resort to
sta ndard tro ug h lines as substitutes fo r th e ou t-
p ut tun ed circui ts.
A word on au teu na sp acing, ea ch ant enn a,
kep t as hi gh as possib le, sh ould he spaced a
min im um of three wavelen gt h s, horizontally;
the larger this spa cing, the better. Th ose who
are affluent enou gh t o 0\\11 sufficien t land or
who resid e on a ru ral ( antenna !) farm , will
find n o d ifficu lty wh en installing d ive rsity
eq uip me n t on the 50 megacycle band.
This auth or, using d iver sity on th e am at eur
ban d s, has, also , used the tech niqu e success-
fully on th e F :\l br oadcast band , specifically
in rece ivin g Jack Parr's 'V ~lnV- F :\1 of Moun t
\Vash ington from the au thor's QT H . F or the
serious DX-p hile, th e p rop osed method con-
taine d her ein is inexpensive, easily installed ,
and most effectiv e in catchi ng: D X, p articularly
when an airp lane flies overhead .
. . . W A 2M T B
' Von R cc kinghausen, D an iel, B a r ish, Martin L .,
" S pace D iversity Tec h n iq u es Imp rove FM Rece p t ion ," , State Zip _
A ud ia , p . 48 . November, 1960.

APRil 1966 93

SSB and the National NC-300
I am su re that there are ma ny who have the
National NC -30 0 Receiver and arc using it to
cop y SSB and C\ V. This receiver has many
good features an d wit h very lit tle effort can be
made to perform exceptionally well in this
mode of ope ration. T here are two shortcom-
ings , bot h of which will be dealt with in th is
article. In installing the modificati ons no holes
have to be d rilled and the front pan el is not
dest royed. Th e complete mo dification can be
p erformed in less th an three hours. The first
change 'w as t o alt er the time con stant of th e
ave circuit. T he disch arge time was len gth ened
conside rably to provid e for smoother operati on
when receiving C\V or SSE transmissions . Th e
ave at tack and release times have been set so
as to give optimum pe rfor mance while receiv-
·ng AM , SSE or C\ V stations. Th e p rod uct de -
ector and bfo oscillator circuits are modified
next. I n th is chang e th e de voltage rat ios and
th e signa l injection voltage ratios are altered .
\ Vit h this change the ac tion of the prod uct de-
te ctor is smoother and th e amount of distortion
is greatly reduced.
Anoth er modificatio n was wired into the re-
ce iver which made the un it more desirable for
SSB use and can p rove to he very useful when
in the C\ V mode. Thi s cha nge is also covered
at the end of th e article.
1. Remove the cover from the bfo can (T 6)
XI ~2
2 1 3 ~ KC 2295 KC
Fig . 1. 2nd converte r modificat ion s .
94
Eric Hanse n W6HOG
1010 Pine St reet
Me n lo Pork, Ca lif.
Clip out the lOOk resistor (R39) located
be tween ter minals B & C and rep lace
cover.
2. Co nnect a .5 uf @ 50 volt mylar capacitor
across R-19 whi ch is loca ted on a terminal
stri p near L9.
3. Remove R-30 ( 6Sk) and replace with a
27 k !f wa tt resistor. T his resistor is located
on a terminal strip close to the emp ty hole
by V6 .
4. Remove C-55 (5 p f ceramic) and replace
with a 5-80 pf trimmer (Arco 463). This
capa citor is connec te d be tween pin 5 of
V 6 and an adjacent te rminal strip.
5. Remove the wire connected between pin
1 of V8 and te rmina l C <>I. T 6.
6. Co nn ec t a 100 ohm resistor fro m pin 1 of
V8 to terminal C of T 6.
7. Connect a 220k }%watt resistor from pin 1
of V8~ to grou nd.
8. Connect a combination of a 330 ohm re-
sistor and a .1 uf 200vdc capacitor from
p in 2 of V8 to ground.
9. Remove R40 ( 6Sk) connected from pin 5
to p in 6 -of V8 .
10. Remove C-7S ( .047 pf) which is connec te d
from pin 6 to V8 to ground and replace
with a .02l-lf GOO vdc p ap er cap acitor .
] 1. Remove R ~ 54 which is connected between
pin 6 of V8 and a termin al strip .
12. Remo ve R-38 which is connected bet ween
pin 7 of V8 and g round.
13. Connect a combination of a 200pf cera mic
cap acitor and a 10k }2 wa tt resisto r from
pi n 7 of V8 to ground .
14. Solder a 2-lug term inal strip to th e case of
the output tra nsforme r (T 2) locat ed near
V8. Place the strip on the side nearest V8 .
V5. Connect a lOOk !f wa tt resistor from p in 5
of V8 to one of the insulat ed lugs on the
73 MAGA ZIN E
 termina l strip just fustahc.. .
16. Con nect a 56k "!f wa tt resisto r from th e lug
on th e term ina l strip with the l OOk re sis-
tor just connected to it, to th e other insu-
lated lug on the termi nal str ip.
17. C onn ect a 10k ~ watt resistor from th e
lug with the 56k resistor only on it to pin
6 of VB.
18. Co nnect a wire from th e ju nc tion of the
56k and lOOk res isto rs to pin 6 of VlO
(6AQ5 ). Repl ac e C-41 (. 01) wi th .22"f
at 35v.
19. Tum the rec eiver on with th e rf ga in full y
clockwise and the mod e switch in th e A1\:1
position. The calibrator is th en turn ed on .
Tun e in the ca librator for ma ximum de-
flection of the "S" me ter. Place the mode
switch in SSB an d rotate L6 unt il the beat
note is zero-beat. Th is operation sets the
bfo in the p rop er po sition on the if slope.
20. \ Vith the receiver in th e SSB mo de of
op eration and the rf gain fully clockwise,
ad just the variable trimm er on V6 fr om
minimum capacity up to th e p oint wh ere
distortion is h eard while receiving a
strong SSB or C \V sta tion. Back th e ca-
pacitor off about one-ha lf tum and leave
at this sett ing.
This comp letes the wirin g changes d ealin g
with the p roduct d etector, C\VO oscilla tor ,
and Ave circ u its. The receiver if sta ge should
be aligned fo r optimum perfo rma nc e as som e
of th e compon ents that were changed will
ten d to load the if strip d iffere n tly th an before.
If th e following selecta ble sid eba nd mo difi-
ca tion is goi ng to b e insta lled d o n ot re-
align the receive r at this time as th is wiII be
n ecessa ry after th e sideband change also.
W het her th e receiver is aligned or not th e
trimmer cap acitor in step 20 will have to be
set as this sets the level of the signa l fed
from th e if strip to th e d et ector. Th e receiver
should be p laced in th e ssn m od e wh en
receiving C\V or SSB stations because in this
position only is the ave employed. If it is
desired to eliminate th e ave action when re-
ceiving a station the mode switch sho uld be
pl aced in the C\V p osition. The "S" m eter will
become more "bo u rbon" and will read m uch
higher tha n before. By re tarding th e rf gai n
control one-quar ter turn, the m eter will read
correc tly .
Selectable sideband modification
Following is the modification for installing
a switc h in the :t\'C-300 in ord er to provide
for upper nnd lower sklelmud selection with -
out tou ching th e C\ Va control. This is ac-
APRIL 196 6
complished th ru the ad d ition of two cr ysta ls,
one on ea ch side of th e if ban dp ass
1. Remove the wires from th e p hone jack on
th e front pan el and conn ec t the b lu e and
gre en wires together. Do not remove th e
black wire from the xmt-rec switc h. If
desired, the p hon e jack may be mounted
on the re ar of th e ch assis and re-con-
nec te d so the front panel will not be d is-
turbed. Rem ove th e phone jack fro m th e
front panel.
2. Install a spdt rotar y switch in the h ole
where the phone jack wa s removed . If
a rotary typ e sw itch is used, the h ole will
n ot have to be en large d .
3. D isconn ect th e wire s connectin g 1'5 to
th e rest of the cir cuit s.
4 . Remove T5 and replace w ith a p late 11p OIl
wh ich are moun ted 2 crys ta l sockets
which lvill h old crys ta ls Xl a"ud X2.
5 . Remove R9 wh ich is connected to pin
I to V3.
6. Rem ove the wire connected to pi n 2 of
V3 .
7. Connect a comb ina tion of a 33pf ca-
pacitor and a l OOk ~ watt resistor from
p in 1 to pin 2: of V3.
8. Con ne ct a com bination of a 22 0 ohm ~
wa tt resistor an d a 470pf capacitor from
p in 2 of V3 to' grou nd.
9 . Co nnect a wire from pin 1 of V3 to one
end of each of th e two cr ystal sockets.
10. C onnect the comm on terminal of the spd t
switch install ed ea rlier to th e black wir e,
the other end of whic h is con ne cte d to the
xmt-rec switch.
11. Con ne ct one of th e switch ed ter min als of
the spdt switch to one of the crystal
soc kets.
12. Connect the other terminal of the switch
to the remaining crys tal socket.
The wiring changes required to provide for
selectable sideband are complete.--In mo st re-
ceivers it wtll be found th at th e corre ct set-
ting for the C \ VO co ntrol is half-way between
th e center and th e po sition marked «2". The
if strip in th e receiver sh ould be peaked up
due to th e fact that the crystals will be on a
sligh tly differ ent fre quency than th e coil net-
work that was rem oved . The 2295 kc crysta l
will provide lower 'side ba nd on 80 and 40
meters and upp er sideba nd on 20,15 and ]0
meters. T he 2135 kc cr ysta l will provid e upper
sideb and on 80 an d 4 0 with lower sideban d on
20,]5 and 10 meters.
T his comp letes a se ries of m od ifications
th at I believe you too will agree m akes the
National K C-300 a real fine-business single
sideba nd re ceiver. \ V61IO G
95
 W ayne Pi erce
K3SUK

This jovial fellow with a twinkle in his eyes

is \Vayne Pierce , K3SUK , the artist responsible
for th is month's cover, "L ittle Annie H ammy,"
"Ham \Vord Play," and most of the cartoons
and other artwork in this issue. \Vay ne is well
known to 73 read ers. His first 73 cover was
Nove mber 1962 and he's done many more
since then, including the Januar y 1964 Call -
book spoof, the Octob er 1964 cover and lead
article, "A Ham in the White House?", and
the February 1965 T VI cover. He's also pro-
vided clever illustrat ions for.....many ar ticles,
excellent cartoons and an occasio nal piece of
art.
Wayne has been a junior high school art
teacher in -his hom et own of Oxford, Pennsyl-
vania since graduating from Kutztown (Pa .)
State College in 1959. H e's ma rried and has
a two-year old son .
Most of Wayne's ham operating activities
are con fined -at present to CvV on eighty and
for ty me ters wit h some six meter phone work
in the Chester County RACES for the local
civil defen se.
H e's also a sports car and putters around
with his i\IG T F -1500 when the wea ther co-
operates.

.. LEARN CODE .,
....
4.
",.
~.:.,._:,._~4~
_ - - .__ ~
- - ~' ~~~c~~ ~r&A~:te2u?E~~~:)Fr~;t.th~ ~~o~~e~;~~. Novi ce, Technician,
CSL NR 3 & NR 4 (l t ape) f or the advanced operator with a sin-
~ Iherighl way-with ~.. ~~ . - cere desire t o copy code sounds at rapid speeds. How t o copy
...... "d
..... S UndLanguage., '---- --d~
~D e D
- 3CVE behind, etc. 25 to 55 wpm. Both tapes, plenty of copy-plain and
scramme u, numerals and nuecteatren.
"Th e special ized language of sound" bri ngs you a complete . study Magnetic tape. 7" reel, dual t rack. 2 hours. Immediat e delivery.
of the Int ernat ional Morse Code Sati sfied users say- "Complet e Send check or money order. (Specify Wh ich ta oe.l $6.95 each.

YOU R receiving speed, mas ter t he code now! *****

in e ~ ery detai l"- " Easy to learn!"- "CSL is t he besttv-c-Increase Botti tapes all O Il(' or der , only $13.50.
Sound Hist ory Recording, Dept. 73, Box 16015, Waslt ington, D. C. 20023

96 73 M AGAZIN E
 ATTENTION! NEW JERSEY HAMS

grand opening
COME VISIT OUR NEW STORE
at 225 Rte. 46, TOTOWA N. J.
ATTENTION! CONNECTICUT HAMS
ARROW has moved from Main St., Norwalk to
ISAAC ST. SHOPPING PLAZA, NORWALK
NEW LARGER STORE, BETTER STOCK
STOP IN AND SA Y HELLO

VERSATILE MINIATURE
TRANSFORMER
Same as used in W2EWL SSB Rig-
March, 1956 OST. Three sets of CT
wi ndings fo r a combinat ion of lmped-
ences. 600 ohms, 5200 ohms, 22000
ohms. (By using center-taps the i m-
pedances are quartered). The ideal t rans-
fo rmer for a ss e transmitter. ether uses:
Jnterstaae, transistor. high impedance
cho ke, line to grid or prat e, etc . Size
only 2" h. X ¥4" W. X ~I' d. New and
fu lly shielded.
$1.49 ea., 3 for $3.95. 10 for $12.5D

PRECISION
i PLAN ETARY·VERNIER .
I for exceptiona lly
fin e tunin g
Sho''''" aoprOJi ma:ely
actcet size
• AM , CW Or' SSB
• Wave e nve lo pe or tr a pezoid patterns Superb craftsmanship by Jackson
• No tu ni ng re q uire d Bros. of England. Ball bearing drive.
•
•
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Up to 60 M e
Wi l l ha ndl e 5W to 1 K'N
Uses sta ndard co nnecto rs
$29 95 ~
W ' dia. Shaft Pia" long: 6:1 ratio.
Vy FB lor fine tuning. Easily adapt-
• Internal swe ep I able to any shaft. tc moarabre value
• S ize: 91/2" de ep, x 5':12" hig;" x 3l.h" w i de I $5.95 fY.odel 45.I I.:DAF.
Weigh t: apprcx, 5 tbs. i I $1.50 ea. 10 for $13.50
BUI.LS EYE / BUYS AT
ARROW

APR IL 1J66 97
 NEWS FROM THE INSTITUTE OF AMATEUR RADIO
Compile d by A. David Middelton W7ZC, Secretary
Basic struc ture of loAR
T he b as ic elemen t of l oAR is its Me mbers who
ma y be either licen sed Amateurs or p ersons seri -
ously inte rested in Ama teur Badi a.
T here is onl y one class of Member. All Mem-
hers may vo te. There is a special reduced STU-
D ENT m embersh ip rat e for those who have not
yet rea ched th eir 20th birthday.
Only licensed Amateurs may ho ld office in loAR
and all officials mu st h e members of loAR. Nomi-
nees for any office must have h eld an Amateur
license for 18 consecutive months and hav e been
a member of l oAR for 6 consecu tive months prior
to the date of nomination .
: All Members w ill b e po lled on all matters of
imp orta nce concern ing l oAR a nd Amateur Radio.
Th e majority vo te of the Members "will dete r-
m ine loAR policy . Me mbers have the right to
amend the Constitution and By Laws.
roAR r egu lations p rov ide for hoth local CHAP-
TE RS and AF FILI ATED CLUBS. Both must
meet certain simple requirement s as to m emb er-
shi p in roAR.
Regulations provid e for .l oAR Fi eld Organiza-
tion s, under the administration of the Secr et ary,
to b e comprised of RE GI ONAL, STA T E and
ARE A officials who assist HQ in coordinating th e
activities of Members res id ing in their respective
geographical areas.
The l oAR is govern ed b y a Board elect ed by
Members. T his Board consists of not less than five
D irectors ( to be ele cted in '66, two mo re to be
added in '67 and in '68 , bringing the total to
nine ) a Secr etary and a Treasurer. T he latter tw o
ha ve no vote on the Board. An executive Com -
m ittee to h an dle d ay-to -day loAR p roblems (not
po licies ) consists of the Secretary and not less than
two directors. All h ave a vote.
The Board will selec t one of it s m embers to
he it s Chairman for one year, the p ost chargin g
each year. Directors ma v serve no marc than two
f ull cons ecutive terms ~f three years in the same
office .
There is N O wor k-affilia tion restriction pl aced
on loAR Directors or other officials . loAR welcomes
in its elected officers the skills, talents and d emon-
strated ability available on ly in th e vast pool of
te chno logically-trained licensed Amateurs directly
conn ect ed with th e electro nics industry at all
level.'> .
10AR-Totally Dedicated to the Betterment and Preservation of Amateur Radio.
,.
Pasade na loAR membe r fights Gl Blues
One a mateur, (a veteran of t he Arm ed Forces)
fed up with "draft-c a rd burn ing" and b eatnick
pickctttng, decided to DO som et h ing to make
Christmas brighter for thos e m any C Is stationed
far from h ome and family.
A. E. O'B rien , \VA6YZN, of Pasadena, secured
th e coope ra tion of th e business m en in th e F oothill
Rosemead Sh opping Center an d set up a ham
station in the office of his brother' s tra vel agency.
Me ssage blanks were made up and distrib uted
to all merchants in the Center. Daily coll ec tion of
m essages was m ad e a nd through the eooperatoin of
the Me Can 7, the Me Can 4 and the Mission T rail
nets t ra ffic w as cleared to all parts of the world.
Ot her nets .also pa rtic ipated in this Christmas
message operation.
DB's tra ffic rep or t for the holidays follows -5.38
m essag es originated at \VA6YZN-all on official
messag e blank s wi th compl et e ad dress of sender
a nd addressee . "-
147 messages relayed by \VA6YZN from oth er
ne ts .
40% of all traffic was to Armed Forces.
Ma ny overs eas CI phone p atch es 'were ma de hu t
not included in the tot als ab ove .
Continuous operation from 05 .'30 De c. 23 to 18:30
D ec. 25th h y OB himself! '......
Th e equipm ent used wa s a SR500, th e very sam e
p iece of eq u ipm en t used b y Scott Carpenter in
P roject SEA LAB off La Jolla .
l oAR con gra tula tes \ VA6YZN for h is one-man
effort t hat brought much h ap p iness to lonely GIs
a nd their families at C h ristm as.
Congressman repli es to l oAR news letter
In Jan uary loAR H Q transmitted its first news
lette r to the Sen ators, Congressm en and other
govern menta l officials. Th is letter forma t was sent
via F irst Class m ail, in the des ire to obtain gr eater
reader interest and a tt ention by the recip ients .
Previous releas es (in card format) drew ma ny
favorable comments hom key p ersonnel in W ash-
ington's le gislat ive circles.
H ere is a d ire ct reply to our Ja nuary lett er.
Secre ta ry, loAR-
This wi ll acknowledge and th ank you fo r the
December issue of you r «Am ateur Radi o aro und
the USA and Across Borders ".
I ha ve lon g b een a n admirer of the very useful
73 MAGAZINE
fu nction of amatucr radio operators and add m y
comp lime nts for th e many humanitarian deeds
yo ur me mbers p erf orm.
\\'ith best wishes, I remain
Sincerely yours,
Febr. 2, 196 6. s/James F . Batti n ,
Member of Congress
2nd. Di stri ct , Montana
Buil ding-writin g contest for youn g
me mbe rs
T he "Nee..-s from the l oAR" column in Mar ch 73
carried full details on th e first Io.Aft-Memb er
c ompeti tion involving th e build in g an d article pre-
parat ion of electroni c gear.
This comp eti tion is solely for l oAR Members
who were born aft er J uly 15, 19-16. If you are in
this age b racket ynu arc invit ed to cons truct a n
origina l p iece of equipme nt, wri te an ar ticle d e-
scri bi ng it an d submit it to 10AR HQ where it
'w ill h e judged.
A total of th ree prizes will b e awarded . 73 -space
rat es will h e pai d th e au thor/winner in each of
three ca tegories; eq uipme n t h avin g more th an 5
transistor s or tub es, an item h avin g mor e th an 3
tran sistors or tubes, and one havin g less than 3
tran sistors or tubes.
Sec " N ews fro m th e I oAR" colu m n in 73 for
Mar ch 1966 . If a copy is unava ilabl e, send SASE
to 10AR H Q for rep rint of th e Ne ws.
Important loAR Addr esses
For a ll co rresponde nce ex ce pt t ha t rega rd ing
mem be rshi p a nd s upp lies:
Institut e of Amat eur Ra d io
S pringd a le, Utah 84767
For membership co rrespondence a nd loAR
supp lies :
Institute of Am ateur Radio
Peterbo ro ugh , N.H. 03458
Pr omin ent Ama te urs join I oAR
Among th e stea dily incr easing number of Am n-
t('1lTS joinin g 10AR is Sen or Luis Salida, XE2 IL,
of Navojoa, Sonora. Luis, one of th e most act ive
parti cip ants in orga nized Amateur Radio in Mexico,
is a "pri me- mover" in Li ga Mexicana de Radi o-
cxperimen ta dores, Red Nacional de Rad io Asisten-
cia and Cl ub de Rad io Expcrlmentad ores de
Sonora. 10AH welcomes XE 2IL, a ne ighbor from
south of the b order!
Anoth er internationally- known Ama teur also b e-
ca me an I oAR Mem b er wh en Mr. John Gayer,
I-lB9AEQ, of Geneva , Sw itzerlan d , founder and
past p resident of th e Intern ational Amateur Radi o
Club joined us an d will carry first hand knowled ge
of loA R h ack to Gen eva with hi m.
Mr. Gayer now suppo rts l oAR's efforts as many
l oAR Memb e rs have long don e for I ARC!

Amat eur radio in exp erime ntal satellite

Wi th th e successfu l op eration of the am ateur
built equipment ab oar d OSCAR 4 des igned and INSTITUTE OF AMATEUR RAOIO
built by the T R\ V Systems Radio Club-sf sec F eb- MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
runry 73 p age 110) it is gra tifying to sec still (U se se pa ra te s heet if desired)
anothe r ent ry into th e Amateur satellite field .
ARIES is the name of th is lat est effor t on th e Ca ll .
Na me
part of organized Amateur Rad io to b uild sat el-
lites!
The followi ng is a qu ote from a comp reh ensive City St at e Zip
technical and new s bulletin fr om the AR IES
grou p- «I t is th e d esire of th e San Fernando . $ 5 for 1 yr. loAR Me m be rs hip.
Valley Radi o Club ( SFVRC) th at ARIES, acting . $2 .50 for 1 yr. 10AR St ud e nt Member.
ill the ma nne r of its n am esake , aid in th e exp lorn-
tion of sp ace communications as it s pr edecessor , a . .. $7.00 for 1 y r. loAR Mem . plus 1 yr. 73. I
!l OW extinc t sta r, aided the ancient ma rine r in his I
" " " "$4 .50 ~fo~ " 1 yr . loAR Stude nt Mem. p lus
I
qu est for knowled ge of his en vironment. I
"T he pioneer s of th e OSCAR p rogra m have 1 yr. 73 . I
I
blazed a trail for the Ame rican Radi o Amateur in I
the real m of spa ce comm un ications. Consistant sat- . 1 am a new Memb er of 10AR. Age . I
I
ellite comm un ications still requir e "better than av- . 1 a m a Cha rte r loAR Me m be r a nd de si re I
erage" equipment, and state-of-th e-art techniques. to have my mem be rs hi p c o nti ~ u o us . I
I
\Vh at is needed now is a concerted effort on th e I
pa rt of ma ny amateurs p ooling th eir talents to de- .. . . This is a ren ewa l of 73 but a NEW 10AR I
I
velop both eq uipment and techniqu es for th e ex- Membe rshi p. I
ploitation of th is ne w mean s of communica tion. " I
Please send check or mo ney o rd e r (cash sent I
I
at sende r' s risk) t o : I
QTH? Los t members! Wher e are you? I
Insti t ute of Am ateu r Rad io, Inc . I
loAB II Q n eeds the correct lip- dated QTII .for I
Memb ership Departme nt I
th e following Member s: I
Ca rr, Cl are nc e n., K9 HU K. Pet erborough , New Hamp. 03458 I
___________ _ ____ __ _ _____ _ __ _ _ _ __ 1
I
Hitt er, David L. , \ VA6KXE.

A PRIL 1966

Multi-Channel Transistored Pre-Amp
This article will describe a tra nsistorized
vers ion of a pre-amp which was offered b y
\V9C\VG in an early issue of 73. Since that
article was published , several people hav e
written to \Vig requesting such a uni t, so one
was th rown tog eth er in a few spa re moments.
Th e unit uses inexpensive 2N40 4 (or 2N3628)
tra nsist ors, bu t othe r types ma y be substi tuted
without too much bother. Almost any PNP
audio or switching transistor wiII wo rk fine,
with only minor cha nges in biasing requir ed .
The circuit starts off with a cascaded emit-
ter follower input, using negati ve feedback
through C t to rai se the input impedance to
such a level as to allow the use of a cry stal
microphone. Th is circuit will have about .5
megohm input impedance at 1000 cp s, de-
pending on the bet a of the transistors used.
Following the inp ut sta ges, the signal p asses
thro ug h a common emi tter amp lifier which
will have about 20 to 30 db gain, depending
on how many outp ut stag es are used. If it is
no ted th at the circuit has more gain th an is
req uired in an individu al applicat ion, th e ca-
pacitor C 2 may be omi tte d, whic h will reduce
the ga in to about 10 db. If th is is still too
ni uch ga in, all of the circuit bet ween the
point s ma rked "X" may be omit ted , which will
give abou t 2 or 3 db overa ll loss from inp ut to
output. F ollowing this amplifier sta ge, th e out-
put is cou pled thr ough emitt er followers to
ind ividu al output gain controls. These outpu ts
will allow use of low impedance load s, such as
500 ohm inputs to comm ercia l T wo-\Vay
I,.PUT
", 2N4 0 4
",
+
Fig. 1. T hre e channel output transisto rized pre-ornp. A good transist or to use in p lac e of th e 2N404
is the silicon 2N363 8, a 2N404 replacemen t a t th e sam e low p rice (less than 50 ¢).
10.
Adam Leller K9SGZ
Vc lpc rlso T echnica l Institute
Va lpa riso, Ind ia na
eq uipme nt.
The un it I built is wired on a masonite
bo ard abo ut 4 bv 6 inches. Circuit lavout is
not critical, but th e complet ed amplifier 'should
be housed in an enclosed box to prevent rf
problems. If If p roblems arc encoun tere d, an
rf choke in series with the inp ut lead , con-
ne cted righ t at the base of the inp ut tran sistor
Ql> along w ith abo ut a .001 uf capacit or from
Q t base to grou nd should cure the p roblem.
O nce th e circuit luvout is determined, hol es
may be d rilled ill th~ hoard (with an ice-pi ck,
jf no d rill is available ) to moun t th e compo-
nents and the circuit wired on the ba ck of th e
ho ard using po int-to-poi nt (haywire ) wiring
techniq ues. Keep all leads ve ry sho rt aro und
Qt and the inp ut circuitry and no problems,
hard ly at all, should be encountered. A hint
here, if b attery power is to be used switch the
ba tt erv on an d off with an unu sed set
of con"tacts on the antenn a relay or such . This
will save the battery and since th e un it doe s
not req uire a wa rm-up time will offer no prob-
lems, other th an perhaps the need for an rf by-
pass capacitor 011 the supply voltage line inside
th e enclosure for the pre-amp.
All compone nts ar c standard..part s, and are
no t critical. Just empty th e junk box and you
should have enough parts to throw together
thi s littl e gadget. It may be used on a 6 or 12
volt au tomobile battery svstcm w ith no circ uit
modificati ons , so shou·ld -lend itse lf nicely to
mobil e app lications using converted two-way
FNI equipment. . . . K9SGZ
.~,
2 N404 BASE Dl...GN.....
e OTTOM ViEW
73 MAGAZINE
 W a lt Roger s WI DFS
24 Orie nt Aven ue
Melrose , Mo ss.
Ferrite OF
Hadi o aids to navigation, or ra dio D -F as
they are more common ly known, have been
in m e for mari ne and air operations for a
number of years. T he needs and te chniq ues
of these services are much m ore sophist icated
than necessar y, for the ama teur to benefit from
th e principles of radio D -F . H owever, very
litt le has appeared in amateur ma gazines
lately in th e wa y of a simpl e unit that we all
co uld lise.
Briefly. direction finding (D-F) depen ds
upon the use of th e directiona l charac te ristics
of th e antenna . In order to establish a fix, or
point, it is necessary to have tw o beari ngs.
\ Vhile a sensing antenna giving only on e
dir ecti on wo uld be h and y, the ba lancing and
maintenance of signal condi tions at the D -F
installati on mu st be unmodified af ter a bal -
ance calibration. Also a single di rection will
not give the distance, so as to get a firm fix.
Thus for the sake of simplicity in usc, onl y
th e hi -directi onal design is pr esent ed here .
Th e unit to b e described , usin g a fer rite
an tenna , has less output th an others, bu t is a
fa r more conve nient pa ckage. Less sign al is
secured from th e ferrite ante nna p rimarily d ue
to its limited size as compared to a normal
half-wave ant enn a at th ese freq uencies. The
efficiency is up , ho we ver, whe n it is tuned to
resonan ce . Most receivers have enough spare
sensitivity so that th e stron g signals can be
received very well and many of th e weaker
signa ls well eno ugh to get good readings.
Con st ruction of th e unit is q uite straight-
forwa rd and one should have no tr oub le d upli-
ca ting it . The Ferrite D -F is made from a
tuned ferri te rod, tigh tly coupled to a short
piece of coaxial cable wh ich goes to the re-
ceiver. This t igh t couplin g to the coaxial feed-
I'rTUR'l S CLOSE- WOlftl D 5 TUI'l'l S CLOSE- WOO'lD
M2 4 (ll,PPflQXIMATELY] ovm TLtl lNG INDUCTANCE:
f OR TUNING ---....... COIl COll,X PICK- UP
~P;:,
Fig . 1. Schema tic of th e Fer rit e OF. Core of t he
coil, na turall y enough, is 0 fe rrite rod .
AP RIl. 1966
.~.
T he Ferrite DF bu ilt int o a Minibox.
line is necessar y in ord er to obta in maximu m
sign al trans fer. · Th e rod is a mu ch more ef-
fective core mater ial than air and therefore
fewer turn s are needed 011 it . The number of
turn s listed in F ig. 1 are for th e ferrite rod .
A grid-dip me ter would be a help in deter-
mining that resonance ca n be obtained over
the 75/ 80 meter b and before completing the
assemhlv. A small aluminum box was used to
minim iz·e hand effects and provide a conven-
ien t moun tin g. The w ood pieces were made
to clear th e tu rn s on the coil and with a few
turn s of plastic tape fit tightly on the rod.
In opera tion plan to run the rf gain on full
and after loca ting a signal and t urn the rod
b roadside to secure th e sha rpes t null. The D -F
tuning cap acitor should be set for maximu m
signa l. To aid in obtaining th e fix it is a good
idea to establish whi ch way is tr ue North .
Hemembe r, ma gne tic North is usugj ly not tr ue
Nor th an d a declina tion correction must b e
made . All good maps give this correction, b ut
better still, take a look at th e North Star in
relati on to the radio shack's orientation and
use this as a bearing refe rence at home. Get a
b earing from another station an d mark a line
from his location and one from yours- where
th ey cross, that is th e Bx. -
On mobil e- work it is suggested th at road
map s be used . After gett ing a reading dri ve
approximately perpendicular to thi s line (roads
p erm itting) and after a while take another
read ing. T he crossing of th ese Jines is the fix.
For close up readings a modified field stren gth
met er with a sensitivity .control could b e used,
but this is another story.
T he next time you b ecom e annoyed at a
dead carrier or some other form of interferen ce
on the band get out the F errite D-F an d with
the aid of a few fellow hams hunt it down.
At th e next meetin g of your radio club suggest
a hidd en tran smitt er hunt to the Acti vities
Cha irma n if yo u want some rea l fun .
W lDFS
,.,
 Gu s Browning W4BPD
Gus: Part XI
Last mo nth I stopped whe n Rundy was get-
ting rea dy to move on to Qatar, just up th e
Persian Gulf from Bahr ein Island. \Ve had
our licenses all in ord er for all the 11P-4s all
the way up to and including Muscat. We had
all ou r police permits in order and our airli ne
ticket s in our pockets. \Ve had been in Bah-
rein abo ut 6 or 7 d ays and had made many
tho usands of QSO's. As I mentioned in last
month's ar ticle we stayed in the only hotel
there, the Speedbird H otel, and boys, if you
wa nt to be sure you have a place to stay when
you go to Bahrein I stro ng ly suggest that you
make reservations we ll in ad vance. L ord knows
whe re you will stay if you get in to Bah re in
and cannot ge t in to th is hotel. You know you
ar e right in th e middle of Moslem country
there so p ork is taboo. One of th e bell hops
the re told me about some British sailors who
stopped th ere a few days. T hese fellows or-
dered pork chops at the Speedblrd and qu ite
na turally they wer e told that there was DO
such item to be had. \Vell these fellows went
back to their ship and got some pork chops
from the freezer and brought them to the hotel
and wen t back in to the kitch en and gav e them
to a cook and told hi m to cook the m . T his
cook was a little young and no t too experi-
enced wit h the fact tha t this was p ork when
in the mi dd le of fry ing them the head cook
came in. H e sniffed around and his nose told
him there was pork in th at frying p an. H e
made the young cook remove the p an from th e
sto ve, take it out in the yard and bury it ,
chops and all . T hen this young cook was fired
on the spot! . usually go like this when you first set up and
The Ii-ttle planes that fly np and down the
Persian Gulf are some sort of small four motor
102
jobs. I am not sure just what kind of plane it
ac tually is but it seems like it was a DeHavi-
land. Down to th e airport we went and w e
were off to Qat ar. When you take off from
Bahrein that's when you can see all those oil
derricks. I t looked like I was over T exas with
the exception that there wa s des ert all over the
place. Millions of year s ago th ere must have
been something other than deserts there to put
all that oil under the ground. They tell me it
usually rains about once during the year, but
boy wit h all that oil under the ground who
needs ra in! The plane hu gged the coast and in
a ve ry sho rt while we landed.at Qatar. Rundy
told the taxi driver to take us to the hotel. At
th at time there was only one th ere and boy it
was an eye-opener! I' ve forgotten its name
but it looked like one of those Hilton jobs,
real fa ncy, completely air conditioned, and
about $22.00 per da y. We checked in and set
up our an tenna. T his w as very ~asy. We jus t
ran it from the top of the hot el down to a
fen ce post.cin the dir ection of the big swim-
ming pool. j ust a few hu ndred feet from th e
pool was the Persian Gulf, very bl ue and calm
looking. We saw a number of Arabian dhows
with their ve ry odd shaped sails going up and
down the Gulf very slow ly. The seamen on
the dhows were va tough looking lot and
tru thfully I would not make a trip on one of
those things. I would be afraid that I would
never get to the pl ace I wa s headed for.
\Ve loaded th e ante nna up to the rig and
th e first CQ was sent out from MP4QAR and
boy, b usines s was F B too. You know things
start operating from a relatively rare spot.
You call that first CQ and maybe one station
73 MAGAZ INE
comes back to you. Th en sometimes you ha ve
to call another CQ to get the boys going. W ell
that time on ly one carne back bu t when you
sig n with him tha t's when things began to
pick up . By th at time mayb e 6 or 8 fellows
are on your trail, and when you sign th ese 6
or 8 calls abou t 50 other fellows hear th em
and most of them join in even if. up to th en .
thcy have not even heard you . That's w hen
you sta rt having trouble picking one out of th e
pile. Now boys. don't fool yourself tha t there
is alwa ys one fellow who is louder than everv-
one eJs~ in the pile- thi s is just not so. Ne arly
all th e time cverv on e is at lea st within one S
p oint of ea ch other. The fellow you work is
the fellow in a clea r fre q uency. no t the fellow
who is slightly loude r tha n the p ack. So boys
I strongly sugge st wh en you are trying to
work a rare one pi ck yourself a clear fre -
qu ency, do some ver y close listening first,
then jump in with a De-\\'??? about 3 times
and BK. That's the wa y the sma rt boys op er-
at e.
Some of the fellows have a sor t of trade
ma rk- W 3CXX just sends XX XX XX, DL7AA
sends Gus Gus Gus. \ V6SC. whcn . on SSB,
sends South Carolina , South Carolina, and
abo ut on e of the best of all is W4CCB w ho
just sends Coca Cola bottle . If you can think
of a good trade ma rk start using it and if it
clicks, stick with it fro m then on. I am tr ying
to come up with a good on e for me to use
when I get sta rted again back at \ V4BPD but
so far I am stuck-how abo ut some sugges-
tions. boys!
Incid ent ally, I am writing this portion of
my story while I am in th e Central Hotel in
Ou agadougou (pronounced \ Vaggadou -gu )
Uppe r Volta. The rates here for a single air
Ouagadougou (pronounced \Vaggadou-gu )
is about 8 or 9 dollars. Coca Cola here is 40
cents p er bottle, a good din ner is over $4.50,
breakfast with only one egg and a sma ll pi ece
of bacon and a cup of this very black, ve ry
strong coffee is about $1.50. You do n' t live
here cheap unless you can live on bananas and
ora nges. Another thing I have found is that
you just don 't hop on a plane here anytime
you want to go. You have to wai t, and I mean
sometimes one fu ll week to get a plane th at
will take you some place you might wa nt to
go. This is a bad place to be stuc k. too. F or
two cents I would conn ect up the rig and do
some bootlegging right here but then th ere
are these red caps who probably wou ld br oad-
cast this new s to the wrong p eople and you
would be in dutch with a capital D!
Oh yes. th e YLs here wear these topless
d resses, not all of th em, but a pretty good
number. I hardly pay any att enti on to th ese
APRIL 1966
things any more . I wonder if the topless bath-
ing suit s eve r really became th e style over in
the USA would such things ever go unnoticed .
I, for one, think th ey should try it out and
see . I have been think ing a lot lately what it is
I miss mo st be ing away from the USA . Of
course num be r one is being wit h Peggy and
seeing my own children and those five litt le
gra ndchild ren (it's live in 1965, mayb e later
on there will be more of them ) . The next
biggest thing I miss is getting a nice slice of
good white, soft bread and a big cold glass of
milk, tho se good tomato sandwiches my wi fe
make s cove red wit h mayonnaise, rea l southern
fried chicken, someone I can ta lk to (it's
99. 9999% Fren ch here ) seein g my favorite
TV program. opera ting a big ham sta tion with
a big be am and seeing all my friends. Those
are the kind of thin gs you miss most of all
when you are away from home as long as I
have been.
W ell as usual. I completely wa ndered off
the subject. Rundy and I were opera ting at
th e rea l fa ncy, air conditione d hotel in Qatar
and we had a ball the first few hours. W e
we nt down and had our lunch and b ack we
came to the rig. It was going like blazes when
there was a loud knock on th e door. Yes. you
guessed it, it was th e police . There th ey were,
all three of them, wanting to know what we
were doi ng with all that radio eq uipment all
set up and op era ting. Rundy produced our
licenses and tol d th em we we re permitt ed to
ope rat e in Qa tar or any of th e other Persian
Gu lf countries. After a while they mor e or less
ag reed with him but in the end...!! seem s like
we both had to go down and check in with
the p olice and exp lain again to them just what
we were doing there, how long we woul d be
th ere, and all the inform ati on on our equip-
ment. \ Ve all shook han ds and we returned to
our room. F rom then on we had no more
police trouble while we were in Qat ar. Boys,
see the local police first because if you don't
they will be seeing you!
Ruody and I p acked up and away we went
to th e Trucial Stat es. The plane landed at
Shariah where one of Hund y's friends met us.
\Ve decided th at sin ce every operation up to
tha t time had been from Sharjah th at we
would go to th e Shlekd om of Du bai some 30
miles away from Sharjah thinking may be
somehow it w ould count for a new one if
ARRL could ever be conv ince d as to just how
the se shiekdoms were governed. As for Bun dy
and me , we both still think that each of tbe
seven should be different countries. There was
sort of an outline of a road there, b ut it wa s
very vague in spo ts and almost disappeared
at others. But we did lind Dubai all O K. It
103
was a real Arabian settlement. I think it llsed
to have a hotel ther e hu t I gue ss th e hotel
business sort of di sappeared . The building
that wa s once a hotel was almost d eser ted .
The two top floors were comp letely emp ty
an d all th e rooms were bare to the w all. A
friend of Hundy's ow ned the building and
gave Hn nd y an d me pe rmission to move in any
of the top floors. \Ve picked out a nice lar ge
room on the top (fifth ) floor and th e owner
of the hotel loan ed us two cots and th e bed
clothes. Most of these Arabic bu ild ings in and
aro und th at part of the wo rld have a Hat
ceme nt roof. This one was like that with an
ad d ed ceme n t fence arou nd the ed ges of the
Hoor. Th is proved to he a fine spo t to insta ll
an an tenna. \ Ve rounded up fou r nice long
bamb oo po les abou t 40 feet long and got them
up on the roof, and while Rundy was looking
up a friend to bOiT OW an extension cord from,
I was left to put up the antenna. We had se-
cured the assist ance of a youn g Arab fellow
abo ut 18 yea rs old and he woul d hold up the
poles while I wo uld fasten th e guy wires to
the ceme nt rails arou nd th e roof. \ Ve we re up
there working up a storm in that hot blazin g
sun abo ut 3 P:\I when the PA svs tem on one
of th e near by mosqu es cut loose \;'ith th at long
wailin g call to p ra yer for th e Moslem s. This
fellow who was helpi ng me asked me to hold
the pole a few minntes and he whip ped off a
p ra yer rug th at was over his shoulde rs all the
time .
H e spread it ou t q uickly 0 1\ the roof, faced
Mec ca and di d his praving. I wo nder just how
close they are when they th ink they are facing
Mecca . Vlavbe someday I will get some chea p
compass manufactu ring company to mak e me
som e compasses, each one of cou rse ca librated
for four d ifferent cou ntries th at has no north
on th em b ut Mecca instead . Perhaps I could
pick u p a few hun dred bucks like th at. I
would have some real fanc y ones made up for
the shfeks and som e extra lar ge ones for the
mosques bu ilt in the floor, and perhaps even
hand ca lib rated ones if some one wa n ted to be
exact.
Conditions were won derful in Dubai all the
tim e . Up to abo ut 2 A:\1 the bands were wid e
)pen to almos t everywhe re . They wo uld op en
again ab out 5:30 xxr. By about 10 AI,I thev
were just about flat- and that's whe n we slep t .
Hundy rambled ou t one day to locate and pay
his respects to the local shick . I was on the
air yakking to someone a few hour s a fter
Hundv had left and believe it or not Rnn d v
hrok e' in with a "Hello Gu s: ' with some sort
of a MP4T call sign . I said wh ere in the world
are vou? He said he was out at the shieks.
The~ he told me that the shiek had a SSB rig
104
so he could talk to th e other shieks.
It looked to me as if eve ryone eye d us with
susp icion every time we went dow~ th e stree t,
bu t after a while I figured th at this wa s thei r
normal look. I oft en wonde r jf they ever
tru sted even eac h other-I kind of d oubt it
myself. I did not see what they call 'E u ropean
toilet s' any place th er e. All the y had w ere
wha t the y call 'Ara bic toilets'c-a p lace out -
lined for your feet to be placed and just a
hole in the cement, a wat er sp igot nea rb y an d
usually a small wo rn p iece of cloth hanging
on th e spigot. Ob yes. rem emb er - your left
hand-and that's the hand 1 u su allv ea t with .
I saw ma ny people , usu ally th e 'old er ones,
on the street smoking their uubbl y b ubbl y.
Tha t's those pipe s where the smok e goes
through the wa te r and sort of goes blubb
blubb evervtime vo u take a d raw on it. I even
tried taking a fe'w puffs myse lf just to show
the people I was a regular fellow . I even
foun d some Cokes there too, never qu ite cold,
b ut the v sure d id come in handy with th at hot
we athe;". '
I we n t all over th e tow n of Dubni and I
tri ed my best to figur e how these peop le made
a living. There were only a few trees here and
th ere, no large groves of trees ind icatin g tha t
olives , dates, oranges, etc . we re being grown,
at least not for market. A few Arabi an dhows
we re being buil t- d own at th e docks, a camel
carava n or two ca me in each d ay from across
the d eser t, one small ship docke"d and stayed
over ni ght. Th at was it! Hundv end I we re
tr eated verv well while we we re th ere an d I
hope some duv to retu rn amt :ee more of this
ve ry in triguing part of the world .
W e dr ove hack to Shariah in th e Jeep over
th e des er t an d departed for Kuwait . Arriving
th ere one of Hund v's rep resentative s met us at
the airpor t then t~ok us to his house-en rea l
nice Ara hic type with the big high cement
wa ll all arou nd it. \Ve never be ard or saw
anv females whil e we we re there. It see ms as
if -t he house was divided in the middle and
all th e fe-m;Ies sta ved in the other side, which
must h ave b een sound proofed becau se I never
hear d anv soun ds from th ere .
\Vhile 'the plane \vas com ing in to Kuwait
I saw more doggone oil we lls than I have eve r
see n in mv life . The des ert seemed to be cov-
er ed with- th em. '\70 tried our best to get a
license to operat e from Kuwait b ut th ere wa s
no po ssibility of this be cause we h eard th at
someo ne from Kuwait was in the USA and
tr ied to get a license and he was refused.
\Vh en this fellow returned to Ku wait there
w as an Amer ican who was operatin g there
and his license wa s cancelled immediately and
he was told he had 48 hours to dispose of his
73 MAGAZINE
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73 Magazine Pet erborough, N .H. 03458

rad io eq uip ment! Just what ever happened to

his eq uipm ent I ha ve never heard . Mind you
this ma n had been in "Kuwait something like
10 years. I un derstand the present status of
9n1JwrluJ:Uuf a NEW
Ameri can s th ere has somewhat improved and
it ma y be possible now to get a license. ALL TRANSISTOR ;t:.!\~ ;
l
E ver y day I would go out for a walk and

T~ CAMERA KIT, . ....,

I noticed an old fellow who was always sitti ng
at a litt le sidewalk cafe smoking his bubbly

I
bu bb ly. H e would smi le at me and I wou ld
smi le at him . One day I had my camera with
me and I walked up to him an d by hand mo- 1

tions asked him if it was OK to take his pic-

ture. H e smiled and nodded. \Vh en I had put
. ; ,.1A
'W' .
.
( ~' [e- \
...
e' e· . "<em",,,",,
EXPER IME NTERS.
STUDENTS AND l OW
JUDGEr II'DUSTR IAl
my camera b ack in its case, he motion ed me
to have a sea t an d ou t ca me a cup of th at
'\ I APPUCAl lOMS.

awf ul strong Arabic coffee for me. Well, to be :i6 SC.llIC()tjOOCTOR CIRCUIT (11 _ ~ ..'; . ... <, I .;1;_ 4;..01.. .... 1 . _1
socia ble I dran k it in small sips and wh en I 6 STAGE HIGH GAlli, LOW NOISE VIOEO Al.i PUF IER" SEl FoCONTAINEl) ELEC.
TRONIC REGULATfD POWE R $UPI'L'r " I nece PRlHTfD CIRCUIT IlOARD
had finished he offered me th e stem of his CONSTIlUcnON .. RF (d . 1·5) .. VIOEOOUTPUT
pipe for a few puffs, which is what I did. T his KIT CON TAINS, " " d;.. <1 01""',.... ,.b ;"~l. p,;.,.d ."e.,' Mo,••_I. " ,I , ,, "''''' "' .
fo," , ••• "f1,,,,,,,, coil •• ~.,,<r "0"1,,,.. 0'. " " " ;""". , •• , ,, copo<i' 11
delighted him . lI e saw I was one of th e boys, cD;I•• ' '' ''' '0 ' . p.". "00'0••• idoc"" l,t.< 'Od . "
'00• •"'PU' <oono c,o,. di.d .
hord....... wi,. PLUS OUR LARGE. EASY·lO·FOllO" CONSTRUCTION PLANS.
I guess. H e spoke not one word of En glish
and quite natura lly I spo ke no Arabic. Bu t we NODEL n ·1A VIDlcmI CAIOE RA KIT. C-pl. ,. 1 idi,""
1'0 " ",,;4 ckliv«y ...,. ;. U.S
(ltlL y $1 49 .9~
Co. ....
did become good friends some how or other.
f .....,..... 1 .. 1..-;.... Y.. I 4 _ •• """"' .... -.l I/lf I.. _ l\II [) 1'1(. 1%6
Th e ne xt day when I passed him he mo tion ed T (UYI~ (A UtOG. C_ ,. ,•• I. " •., . 1 1.." . I "' t<.
for me to have a sea t at his table and out cam e
a Coca Cola! I tried to tell him the last dav
I pa ssed him , after dr inking his Coke, that t(;- I
morrow I was leaving for the USA. I had no

A PRIL 1966 105

idea that he unders tood me at all. The next
morning I passed h im on my way to th e air-
line offices to inquire about whether they had
a bus or not and he h anded me a ca rto n of
Kent cigarettes as a going away gift. I never
did spend one single cent on this m an. H e
was just a good friend and wa nted to show
me that h e was sincere. I h ave found that a
big smile goes a long way anywhere in the
world, a pay on th e back and other ways of
showing tha t you are a fr iend sure does pay
off al most everywhere.
After sp ending one or two nigh ts wi th
Run d y and drinking his Cokes I departed for
Rome where I w as going to pick u p my de-
posit that I had put down whe n I entered
Italy from Mo naco. Boy, it was the usual ru n
around and I could see that I was going to
have to sp en d th ree or four days or mo re try-
ing to get my money. At 11:45 A,\l I was
sit ting lip in my h ot el room trying to figu re
out w hat to do . I p honed T\V A and asked
a bou t a scat on th e next flight to Ne w York
City (this was D ec. 23rd! ) . They informed
me there were no seat s u ntil after the I st of
Jan uary! I did a lot of fa st telep hon ing
in th e next 10 minutes. All flights to NYC
were fully booked. T h e last phon e call to
Pan-Am was the sam e, but app arentl y some-
one had cancelled a few minutes earlier and
they said if I could be at the airport in 45
minutes I could have that one seat . Here I
was with a T\VA ticket, so I qu ickly loaded
all my junk in to a taxi an d away I went to
T\VA to ge t them to init ial my ticket over to
Pan -Am . T his involved a lon g drive ac ross
Rome to thei r office and awa v we went for
th e airport which is located ~bout 20 m iles
from the city . T his was a fast trip let me tell
yo u, Th e taxi driver coul d speak English so
I told him 'double far e' if he got me to th e
airp ort in time. He got me th ere exactly at
departure time for the pl ane . I ran ou t on the
apron where the 707 was getting ready to
leave. T h ey had already p ulled the ramp away
from the plane. I hollered " wa it a mi nute" and
CARACAS, VE NEZUELA
W2GHK/4M5
SOU TH AM ERICA, ZON~~9
_
VO', O ~L OSO 01
_ __ 1966 _ _ GMT o " _ _ ""
2XSSB OIl Y"", " """ RST
Operator; S tu." t .Al ,~ " , W2G HK
t2"mm'''''''''I' ''5 14' 'JI.',I ] 's"",,,l
,df,m l"u,,,,y ~! II., d?aJia Clu& 4'.n ,~ ~I~ "Q
106
they push ed the ramp back in place. I arrived
in New York about 7:30 an d was in Colum-
bia, Sou th Carolina by 10; 30 th at same night.
Peggy stilI h ad h er TV-radio shop open and
when I wa lked in the first thing sh e said to
me was «I was not expecting you un til some-
time in Janu ary!" This was the end of DXpe-
d ition nu mb er on e. I was b ack home , safe and
sound and I think a lot wiser th an wh en I had
left there ab ou t 8 months ea rlier. I had lost
about seven pounds, had a little sunta n left
from the Persian Gulf sunshine, most of my
clothes were pretty well worn out also. I t was
n ice to be back h ome wi th all my family
aga in . I had taken a few th ou sand color slides
and quite a nu mb er of rolls of 8 mm color
movi es . T h e news got arou nd and a numb er"
of service clubs w anted me to come to th eir
meetin gs and giv e a talk on my DXpedition.
Many p eop le came out to ou r house to see
some of the it ems I had picked up he re and
there. T hose ca rvings from Africa was u sually
the cen te r of attraction. The usu al talk of an-
oth er DXpedition m ade th e rou nds and every-
one wanted to kn ow when I was going on the
next trip .
On m y first trip I had m ade up my mind
th at I would n ever, u nder an y circumstances,
black b all anyone, re ga rdless of h ow rotten
they were . I would work ever yone I heard re-
gardless of what cou ntr y they were in . I would
operate as near as possible around the clock,
not just when the W's were coming through .
I would never use this W l , \V 2, \V3, etc.,
business . I would ne ver have a list of certain
stations to work in p ref erence' to others even
if they were go od contributors. I would send
no QS L ca rds d irect to anyone . I wo u ld try to
. imp rove my opera ting habi ts and stay on one
certai n exact frequency all the time. I would
give signa l rep orts n othin g else and try to
work as many as p ossib le in ever y place I op-
erated . Also, I would try never to get mad at
nnvone at an vtime]
w-n tliaf's- it boys. This concludes DXpedi-
tion numher one. I will start on trip number
two next m on th .
Caracas convention
If you are one of the fellows who missed
at tending the Intern ation al DX Convention
and the 32nd anniversary celebration of th e
Ven ezuela Rad io Club, you missed on e of the
fines t gettogethers I h ave ever h ad the pleasure
_
~<o _ , • •~.;: of atten d ing , For about 10 days and nights it
--~SL-VIA--­
was on e con tin uous rou nd of ce lebrations,
STUART M EYER, W26j.jK
HAMMARLUND BOX 7388
mee tin gs, eye-ball QSOs , party ga therings,
N EWA RK, NEW JERSEY drink ing and hamming.
07107 U.S.A. Th e Vene zuela Radio Club will h ave on e of
73 MAGAZ INE
+._-- -- - _._-._- -._ - _._- - --._ --- - -- - +
i i
Get Rich! Get Smart! Get Gear! i
i
Want to buy, find out or se ll? Caveat Emptor? will do it fo r yetu. 73' s wont ads are chea pest a t only $2 f
for 25 words ncn-ccmmercicl , a nd you know th ey're th e most effective since 73 is rea d by t he active,
money-s pending horns.

And for businesses, only $5 for 25 words--not $8.75 as in Brand X. Year ly rate is $50 in advance for 25
words per mont h. For e ither typ e of ods, you can prorate to t he nea res t $1 (minimum sn
if you don't
ha ve exa ct ly 25 words . We a ren 't nasty a bout counti ng t he words.

A few hints : Type copy. We ar e n't responsible for errors ca used by illeg ibility. Don' t a bbrevia te; you pay I
for words, not space. Includ e your fu ll nom e a nd a ddress a s well as ca ll; not all horns ha ve a Callbook.
Since we cap ita lize an d bold face t he first fe w words, mak e t hem import a nt an d a ttract a ttenti on. i
Don' t put " For Sale" in th e ad ; everyone knows that's wha t it's far if it doesn' t soy otherwise.

Here's my a d :
II
i

I I
!
I Send to Caveat Empt or
!
!!
I---- -- - ---- - _.
+
73 Magaz ine, Peterborough, N.H. 0 3458
---------+i
th ese every year from now on. I suppose it will
be th e week-end after the Miami H amboree
which is usu ally ne ar the last we ek-end in Jan-
uary. T he air fa re from Miami to Ca racas and
ret urn was onl y $ 199 .00 _ Wh y not plan to
make both th e Miami and Ven ezuelan Con-
A CO MPLETE SELECTION O F AN TEN NA S A N D
ventions nex t vea r. T ake off a fu ll month from BEA M S: BOTH FI XED STA TIO N & MO BILE, PLUS
the cold Yank~e wea ther, go swimming, hiking, AL L A CCESSOR IES . . .
me et the worl d's friendliest batch of hams and
come ha ck home with a sun tan.
You like to see F B ante nnas? Well this is
~ /IIasle" AIf'9a in
one spo t whe re everyone has a be am-3 ele-
ments, 4, 5, etc. Equipment-seve ry station I
HI-PAR \I\IATERS lbehster
MIC6
saw was loaded with the very best . There . f/I.tRO sWANTENNA ano.enna
we re no ha y-wire outfi ts down there. These p - - -BY SWAN SlJ eCla lists
fellows are the mo st serious b atch of D Xers CHECK W ITH US FOR Y O UR REQUIREMENTS!
I have ever met . w hen th ey go after D X it's RGSU COAX IA L CA BLE roe PER FOOT
no holds barred. But the y are real gen tleme n MIN IM UM ORDER 100 FEET STOCK NO. 732B
and when one of th em is in QSO with DX the Pl-259 CO AX CO NN ECTORS 10 Fo r $3 .40
others stand by and let him finish. T his coop - STOC K N O . 25 9-32
era tion is ne cessary as Caracas is in a va lley Fo r Prepaid Shipment Co ntine nta l U. S.
almost completely surro unded by moun tain s. O rd e r by Ab o ve Sto ck N umb er s
I think I can sp eak for everyone th at at- W E MA INTAIN THE LARG EST STOCK OF USED
te nde d the convention when I say "Peggy and EQU IPM ENT IN THE NO RTHEAST
I had the best dog goned time we have EVER W RITE FOR LATEST COMPLETE LIST
had at any ham gat hering"- an d this cove rs a
lot of territory. W e bo th send the YV boys
our many, many th an ks.
. . . Gus

A PRi l 1966 107


H·P AC/ DC VOM
If you need a volt-ohm m eter better than
most of those available to h am s, the n ew H ew-
lett -Packar d Mod el 427A m igh t be of interest
to you. It's an A CjD C voltmeter with 2% full-
scale accu racy. T he 427 A is all solid sta te and
opera tes off a single 22.5 battery, or from th e
AC line. It is p riced at S195.00 and m ore in-
form ati on is availab le from H-P, 150 1 Page
~ [ i11 Road, Palo Alto, California 94304 .
Se micond uctor Cha rt
Sem itro nics h as just brought out a Semi-
cond uctor Int erch an geabilit y and Replacemen t
G uide in th e form of a two color, 22 "x26!f"
wall cha rt th at's just wh at yo u need to cov er
up that big b lank space above your tran sistor
work ben ch. It wiII give you all sor ts of usefu l
inform ation. You can get a free cop y fro m
your Semit roufcs d ealer. or one for 25¢ fro m
Sem itronics, 265 Ca nal Str eet, Ne w York , N. Y.
Ionospheric Rad io Prop agation
Thi s book b y the chief of the I on osph eri c
Research Section of th e N BS is just what every
ham inte rested in p ropagat ion need s. I n ad di-
tion to th e trad itiona l are as th at are covered,
Ionospheric Radio Propagation incl ud es two
new chap ters, one on VHF an d one on L F an d
VLF prop ag at ion . The book is 470 pages, il-
lustrated , and avail able for onlv $2.75 from
the Gov ernment Printin g Office: w ash in gt on,
D . C. 20402 .
New Mesh na Catalog
John Meshna makes one of the mo st inter-
estin g surp lus catalogs around. His latest one
is about 85 pages an d contains p ictures an d
d escrip tions of a fan tasti c am oun t of sur plus
gear. Even if yon don't bu y an ything fro m him
(whi ch is un likely after you've sp ent a num -
ber of h ours reading th e catalog ). you'll find
it wo rthwhi le to send 20~ fo r a cop y. Meshna,
19 Allerton St reet, Lynn , Ma ss.
'"
Lafayette Two Ban d FM Receiver
On e of the few F ~\I mo nitor receiver s tha t
covers both the low an d h igh F~I bands is th e
inexpen sive L afayett e H A-5 20. It uses a Nuvt-
stor rf stage, tun ed rf amplifiers, sq ue lch, slide
rule d ial. ten tub es, etc. P rice is $89.95 from
Lafayett e, II I Jericho Turnpike, Syosset, L .r.,
l\'.Y. II791.
ESSCO Regulated Power Supply
E SSCO , who m ake s a line of real nice solid
state RTTY equipm ent, h as just introduced a
low cost reg ula ted - solid sta te p ower sup ply,
the PS-3. It provides 6 to 12 volts D C at up
to 500 run wit h 3% regula tion and .05% ripple
or less. T he PS-3 is perfect for transistorized
" FO's, transmitters. conv er ters. RTTY equip -
ment, etc . Size is 3"x5". Toe PS-3 is $26 .95
and a kit version, the PS-3K, is $16.95.
ESSCO, 324 Arch Street, Camden, N.J. 08102 .
Hallicrafte rs
Hurrica ne
2000 wa tt s PEP SSB is wha t you ge t with
th e H allicrafters Hurrican e SR-2000 five band
tr ansce iver. I guess that's abo ut all the p ower
you're likely to need in a tran sce iver an d the
H urrican e offers a lot m or e beside s: low d is-
tor tion . high sensitivity , receiver increme nta l
con tro l, AALC , 1 kc calibra tion, if noise b lan-
keting , etc. Yet pr ice is only $995. 00. A com -
panion power sup p ly/ speaker , th e P-2000AC
is $3 95.00 . You can get m ore information on
the H ur ricane from you r d ea ler or from H alIi-
crafters, F ifth and Ka stner Avenues, Chicago.
7J MAGAZINE
 SPECIAL FOR TR ADE ON LY
Motorola Collins SI JjR 388 in excelle nt co ndition
Tr ansistor s (Selling Price $595.00)
Will swa p for GRC or Test Equipment only. Send
us your list.
G-150 Gonset Tra nscei ver, good for 2 met ers, in
Motorola h as just reduced prices on th eir excellent condition, will trade for ?????
rf transistors lip to 9 1% an d now th ey're u p
to more mischief. T his time they've bro ught
out some silicon high voltag e transistor s p er-
X Bond Horn, 9" long by 5 by 4 wit h wove guide
fect for volta ge regu la tors, audio am plifiers, fitt ing on one end. Con be mode into 10,000
high volta ge con verters, line relays, CRT MC T ra nsmitter or receiver or both, new $4.95 eo.
d rivers m od ula tors, etc., all u sin g regula r AC 88 MH Toroid Coils potted 5 for $1.49
line volta ges. Maximum CE volta ges of the unpotted 5 for 1.75
2N3738 and 2:\3729 are 225 and 300 volts Model 14 TO wit h qove mc r moto r in good condi-
respect ively, pri ces arc $2.25 and $2.45 and tion $17 .95
they have a minimum f T of 15 me. T hink of Western Union TO type 5032A, sync motor 19.95
the fu n yo u cou ld h ave with these transistor s
Mode l 14 Reperforator, unit only for parts $7.50
for ve ry comp ac t, very hi gh power , p ower in good condition wit h sync motor 22.50
co nvert er s: rectify th e 115 va c, filter a litt le
11/1 6" Model 14 Pap er ca rton of 40 rolls $8 .95
and use it to ope ra te a hi gh fre q uency oscilla-
tor th at can use a ve ry small toro idal core : the Model 15 Pap er ca rton of 10 rolls 8.95
outp ut will need ver y little filte ring at th ose
freq uencies. More inform at ion on these tran -
sistors fro m you r Motorola Dealer or TI C, 110- SPECIAL
tomb, Box 955, Phoen ix 8,500 1. 902A Scope tub e 2" new $2.95 eo.
3C22 ligh t house tub e new 2.95 or 2 for 4.95
1P28 Photo Multip lier t ube 3.95

Sony -1(-/---'; \ 100 KC Cryst al in m et~1 hold er new

1000 KC crysta l for LM or BC221
2 volt rechargeabl e ba t teries
4,95
4,95
2.50
Headset-Microphone ' Navy Beam Filter 1020 cy. with co rd & plug 1.9S
Special 208B Dumont Scope 5" $49.50
Mobile wonde r 12V in 24 V out at 4 amp s or 6V
in 12 V out at 4 a mps -,- $9,9S

You know th at 'lO U sh ould use a h an dless

mike for mobile, (ion 't you? Bu t you h aven 't - ONE
TS 4S2 to 100 MC
OF A KIND
$85,00
go tt en one becau se th e p rice wa s too steep.
W ell, it isn 't an y more. H arvey Rad io h as a Globe T ran smitt er Chief Deluxe
10, 15, 20, 40, 80 met er 39.50
Son y comb ina tion head set and microphone for
only $8.9,5. The mike is d yn amic an d the Wave Ana lyzer Typ e 736 A GR 195.00
he adphon e is low imp ed a nce. The w h ole as- SDL Petered MtJlt ipulse Spectrum
selector 17S.00
sem bly is ve ry stur d ily built and comes wit h
a carrying case. Send Elliot W A2 H D P at
H arvey Rad io, 103 ' Vest 43rd Street, New
Terms: Min im um Order $5.0 0
York, N .Y. 10036 your $8 .95 so you won't get 25% deposit requi red on all COD orders.
killed mobillng . All prices FOB Los Angel es a nd su b jec t t o
cha nge with out not ice
All items subject to prior sale. Cal if.
Mark Antennas bu yer s odd 4 % tc x

Mark P rod uct s h as a n ew ca talog ou t th at

d escribe s Mark's comp lete line of fixed and J. J. GLASS ELECTRONICS
mo b ile antenn as, mounts an d accessories. You Dept. 0
ca n get you r copy of ca talog A:\I-661 at Mark
16 2 4 S. Main St .
Di st ribut ors or fro m the factory at 54 39 'Vest
Los A n g e les, Cal if.
Fargo Aven ue, Skokie, I llinois 60 076 .

APRil 1966 ,.9


Tuna ble 25 to 500 MC
a n y c hann e l. Direct
rea d ing . Lig ht wei g ht.
Mea sure s peak swing
0 -) 2 .5 a nd 2 5 KC .
$2 90 .0 0 , Qua d -Sca l e
mod e l $340.00.
M AIL COUPO N TODAY!
LAM PK IN LABORATO RIES, INC .
M FH Division, Brade n to n, Fla . 33 5 05
At no ob liga tion to me , pl ea se se nd me
f ree boo klet " HOW to MAKE MON EY in
MO.BltE·RADIO MAINTENANCE" -and d ota
o n La m p kin mete rs.
Name
Addr e ss
Cit y Sto te
advised by my l awyers t hat
don't you e ver proofread y
arey-e. b~~ ~ Ar~ and
th..'I4-!l!!~hll :k~ ~~ for
have no other recourse but
shoul d b e tarr ed and fea th
Headq uarters
Un it ed S tates :\1i1itaQ' Ass is ta n ce Command, Vi e tnam
APO San F r a n ci s co 96243
De a r M r . Gree n:
After man y y ears with n o a mateur r ad io a ctivity in
th e R ep u b lic of Vietn am the r ecen t activation of a n
amateu r radio station h ere has caused a great deal of
interest in the ranks of amateurs worldwide and espe-
cially among t h ose amateu rs no w in , or abo u t to come
to Vie tn a m . A R RL b ulletin #40, other published n o -
tices, and on -the-air discu ssio ns have caused this hea d-
q ua r ter s to receive an unp rec ed ented numbe r of re -
quests fo r informatio n co nc erning authorization to op-
e rate h e r e . Answeri n g these r e q ue s ts imposes an added
burden that c an be ill afforded. It is the purpose of
thIs l etter to e x plain the curren t status o f ama teur
radio in t h e R e public o f Vie tna m and ask t h a t you
publish t h is in f ormation in 73 Mag a z ine .
F o r m a n y y e ars t h e Re p u blic of Vi etnam has been
torn b y st r if e and it w as i n t h i s setting shortly afte r
inde p e n d e n c e w a s a tta in e d t hat amateur rad io was
banned and a n e xception to a mateu r op e r a tio n was
filed w it h t h e ITU. Until la t e in 1965 there was no
l eg a l amat eur operation in t h is co unt r y . At that time
t he Government o r Vietnam e xte n d ed the privilege o f
ama teu r operati ng autho rization to D e p u t y Ambassa-
dor W illiam J . Porter, KI YP E , as a courtesy to a high
ra n king United States d iplomatic rep r e s e n ta ti v e . S i-
multaneousl y , action was in it i a t ed to w it h d ra w t he ex-
c eption t o amateur opera tion fil e d w it h t h e ITU 10
e nable other countries to rec o gni ze his opera tion.
Ambassador Porter has been aut h o ri zed b y t he Gov-
ernment of Vietnam to u s e the ca ll XV5AA a n d there
is no restriction o n t h ir d part y m essage and p h one
patch tremc . H owev e r , since o t h e r go v e r nments h ave
no t yet be en notified of th: s a c t i on by t h e l T U, until
they a r e Ambassador P o rter is usi ng t h e p ortable ca 11
Kl YPE /XV5 f or U.S . amate ur contacts a t the r equ es t
of t h e FCC . Hi s use o f th is ca ll w ill cease w h e n the
ITU n otification is received a n d he w ill t hen co m -
m ence using t h e call XV5AA . H e is a l r e a d y using
XV5AA, h owever for contac t w it h no n - US amateur
st ations. ~
7ip~ _ _ There h ave bee:'! som e questions rec eived concern i n g
t h e prefix used fo r A mbassador P o r te r 's c all sign. T h e
ex clusi ve use o f 3W8 for ama teur s tations seems to
ha ve b e e n im plied by certa in p u b li she d l is t in gs in
which only 3W8 ap pear ed , but t h is is i ncorrec t a nd
o ther lis ti n gs correctly s h ow b oth 3W8 a -id XV5 .

SUBSCRIBE TO 73
Name . . . .. .• . • . . •. ... . .. • . _"' _' Coli ye a r $ 4 •. .... 2 ye a rs $ 7

Address 3 year s $ 10 .... . . . Ne w subscr ipt ion

C ity . Re new a l . Ex tens io n o f sub

State _. Zip Cod e l oAR fo r e r e yea r and 73 f o r on e y eo r $ 7

Please in clu de yo ur zip c ode.

73 Magazine, Peterborough, N. H. 03458

110 73 MAGAZ INE
 I•
While the Governm ent of Vietnam h as a uthorized
Ambassador Porte r to operate, th is action does not
represe n t a genera l ch a n ge in th e policy w hich strict ly
prohibits a ll other am a teur r adio opera ti on . In addi-
ti on, all per sonnel under m ili ta ry j urisd iction are sub-
j ect t o Militar y Ass istance Command , Vie tnam (MACV)
Di re cti v e 105- 6, 14 Dec 65, which p r ohi bit s amateu r
operation in Vie tn am.
There h a v e b een many reques ts for a m at eu r op era-
t ion and all, with t h e exception of A m bassa d or P or -
te r's have been tu rn ed down. Amba ssador P ort er w ill
co n tinu e to encour ag e the G overnment of Vietnam to
grant addition al amateur operating a u th orizations
w hen in its op inion conditions in the coun tr y mak e
tha t practical. It shou ld be remembered tha t it h as
n ot be en the practi ce of most governments to permit
amate u r activity in t im e of war.
Ambassador P or ter h a s found th er e is almost a co m -
p lete lack of k n owledg e in th is area on the subj ec t of
a ma t eu r radio. He has st a ted h is desire to h elp am a-
te u r rad io get a sta rt in the Southeast Asia a rea and
as the situation perm its he hopes t o ca rry on h is
edu ca ti on al prog ram to brin g ab ou t a better g en eral
under stan d in g of am a teu r radio activity. This, h ow- $395
ever, will tak e t ime and for personnel in Vie tnam
no w , or go ing there , Ambassador P or te r h as al ready
accom pli sh ed som ethi n g of immed ia te benefit : Wit h IN STOCK AT
his h elp a MARS system w as authorized late in 1965,
afte r three years of effort. Ther e are Army , Navy, an d
Ai r F orc e m ili ta ry unit MARS stati on s in op er atio n.
but individua l member and club st a tio ns are pro-
h ib ited. T h e su ppo rt for MA RS op eration rests in la rge
QUEMENT
part with li cen sed ama teurs vo lunteering to opera te
th e stations. As a r es ul t many amateurs ca n satisf y
their d esire to operate by offer In g their assistance to
the loc al Army or Air F orce MARS Director or Navy
ELECTRONICS
1000 SOUTH BASCOM SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
MARS Cognizant Offic er,
The MARS n e t st ructure consi st s of one in -country " Northern California 's Most Complete Ham Store"
net in w h ich a ll stations may pa rticipate t o exchange SINCE 1933
message a n d p ho ne pa tch traffic in -country and each
station particip a tes in a n A rm y, Navy, or A ir Force
P aci fic area MARS net.
Th e MARS op er ation is expect ed to expand, but
amateur operation is e xp ected to r emain in the p re sen t
status for some time. In vi ew of this , indiv idual ama -
teurs are urged to r efrain from writing for late lnfor ,
mation concerning a mate u r operation in Vi et n a m . If
there is any change in th e policies concerning amat-rur
100 NEW
oper a ti on in th e R epublic of Vietnam, t hi s head-
quart ers will d issem in a te the in formation p ro m p tl y. ITEMS
Sincerel y y ou r s, Included in Our New 1966
Wa lt er E. Lo t z J r.
Brig adi e r
Assistant
General , USA
Ch ief of Staff , J -6
SPRING-SUMMER CATALOG
SEND fOR YOUR COPY NOW!
SP-6oo SupH ' Pro Re ce iyer .... . . . . ..$J4 9 .95
M ICROSCO PE PROJECTOR 75X Co mpo ro tor 99 .50
ElE CTROf AX SIGNAL GUARD . . " .. ".".. . ... 3 4.95
READOUT BOARD-3 0 ligh ts , 11 0 Vo lts 1. 9 5
COMP UTER MEMOR Y CO RE MATRIX 24 _95
AN / PDR,,8 B RADLAT.lDN DETECTOR 29 .95
BOM 8 DIRECTO R CO MPUTER ..•.. . . . . . " .. ". ,,, 7 .95
SUPERSON IC SEl ECTOR. 10 Chon nel 8 .95
AUDIO BO OSTER AMPliF IER ., "........ . . 12 .95
TN-l /A PR-1 TUNING UN IT 30-90 MC. W / C o~ e (N..wl 24 .95
MI LLIVAC D.C. MILLIVO LTMETER 1 MV. To 100 0 V . 115 .00
BALLATlN E VOLTMETER No . 300-1 MV to 100 V . 85 .00
CEDCO CRYSTAL CALlBlI: ATO R_ Mo d e l C-5 _ 39 .95
PO WER SUPPLY f o r TrQnsistor s, Voltage Re g u to l..d 29 .95
FR-24 WAVEM ETER-12,400 To 15 ,000 MC. •.. . . . 1'50 ,,0 0
BC_'221 FREQ UENCY METER_ Used, $79.5 O-New, 1'25.00
OS-26 / 0S-51 OS CILLOSCOPE (See COlol og' $44.95 To 5 9 .50
AN / UPM· 8 RADAR TEST SET 39 .9S
\ TS--414 DYNAMOM OTOR TEST SET
AN /UPM . l1 RANG E CALIBRATOR
79 .50
100.00
FO R BIG C AT ALO~S E N D 25 ( l$to mps or coil'll an d re-
cei ve SOt CREDIT on yO l" order !
De?t. 73
Ad d r" ~ $ Prices F.O .B. Lima. o .
25 % De posit on C.O . O.'s • Mi"im um O rd e r $5.00
FAIR RADIO SALES
.' .. P.o. Box 1105 • LIMA, OHIO· 45B02

APR IL 196 6 111

 PO WER S UPP LI ES
COLLINS MODEL 100 V a r ia c con t rolled -m e t ered f or
bo t h volts a nd rna . 0-500 v a t 200 mo . . . $ 55. 00
COLLINS MODEL l OlA! . Regu lat ed- uses 5 each 6X4 Diode Checker
a nd 3 ea c h OA 2 tubes . De live rs mi nus 4 00· 160 -
150 and p lus 3 00 - 150-150
Metered . vol ts DC.
0 •• _ _ • _ • • • $ 6 5.0 0
• • • • •• _ . _ _ • •••••• ••••• • • • • •
oseuoseof'{
PS 1. Ze ro to 400 vde a t 110 rna and 6.3 v .4 a.
Vari a c co n t ro lled- mete red . $ 2 5.00
PS 2 . Ze ro t o 300 vd e at 60 rna an d 6 .3 v 3 c .
Variac controlle d and mete red . . . ... $ 20.00
PS 3. Zero t o 300 vde a t J00 ma and 6 .3 v .4 0,
Q
a n d 0- 10 vdc bias. Variac a nd mete r. .. $ 3 0. 0 0
PS 4. Hig h vo lto ge for C RT wit h 6. 3 v and 2.5 v
and in te n sity a nd f oc us co n t ro ls. . .. $ 15.00 C ~ '($TAL
TE ST
UNOE"
L-< ~

PS 5. Sma ll rig (S Y3) . Plus 2 15 Y, mi nu s 30 v and

6.3 v .•.•...•• • . __•.• • • . • . • . • ... . ... $ 7.9 5
PS 6. Grid bias supply. 2 sc al e, 0-5 a nd 0- 25 vd c .
Mete red. . _ _ _. . _. $ 7. 9 S
MI SCELLAN EOUS
DECADE RESISTA NC E BOX. 0- 1000 oh ms in o ne
ohm steps. Ce n t ra l Scten t tc. .. _. . . . . . S 5.9 5
A lso O~ 10000 o hms in 10 o hm st eps. S5 .9 S
T4 65 /ALT7 . 420 me tra nsm itter usi ng 2 - 4XTSOA's,
m ic ro ma tch . etc. . _ $ 4 9.5 0
COLLIN S Vo r. Mod. Elim , # 39 1A-2. 420 m e rig
us ing 2-2C 39A's. Bird Termal ine , etc. . .. . $ 59. 50
0 - 16 low f re q uen cy oscill ato r (A RT- l3) $ 5.9 5
R4/ARR2 Re c ei ve r with ele ve n tu be s. $ 6.9 5
N ICAD ce lls, 1.2 vo lts, AH spec ial. $ 1.4 9
BATTERY of 2 4 cells in steel case . Sp eci al. . $ 27.5 0
80 AH cell . $9 .9 5. 50 AH cel l. 5 .9 5. 3 2 A H cell. $ 3.9 5
lVA NSISTOR BOARDS. Pay on ly S¢ per tra ns is to r.
Ot he r ports fr e e . Min imum o rde r. $ 2. 5 0 T h is isn't a new id ea , b u t it may be new to
Se nd f o r FREE ca talo g ;=13 1. some of you. It's a simple m et hod for ch ecking
ARROW SALES-CHICAGO, INC. all types of semicon ducto r diodes. The sch e-
2534 S. MICHIGAN AVENUE ma tic sh ows the connections . Wha t we are
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60616 doing is ch eckin g th e fron t-to-back ratio of
the diode to give an ind ication of its m erit. To
GUARANTEED RECONDITIONED calibrate the scope, con ne ct a one kiloh m re-

~
~ HAM GEAR sistor in place of the di ode and ad just the
~. WRITE NOW scope's gain controls u ntil you ge t a straight
FOR MONTHLY line at a 45 de gree ang le to hori zontal. T he n
~:OOMA~TSJ ELECTRONICS FLYER. pl ace a dio de in the cir cu it and com pare it to
999 HOWARD AVE-BURLINGAME, CAL . the diagram.
. .. K8ABR/4
VHF-UHF
Conveners an d Preamps for 50 rb ru 432 Me.
W rite for lit erature.
Send for a sam p le copy o f th e V H F'e r, th e
only ma ga zin e for V HF and U HF h ams.
Par ks Electron ics, Rt . 2, Beaverton, O regon Built-In Speaker for the TR-3
Like .to J13ve a speaker in your D ra ke TR-3
LARGEST SELECTION in United States and avoid the inco nv enience of having to con -
PRICES-48 hr. delivery ne ct an extern al speaker wh en yo n m ove the
Thousand s of frequencies in rig? You ca ll mo unt a Quam #3AC5 speaker
st ock. Typ es include HC6/U,
HC18/U. FT·241 . FT·243. on the top cover ne ar the fro n t ce ntere d over
FT·l71. etc. the RF Tun e control sha ft between the Plate
eneatts. Refl ndelf .n
SEND I Oe h r ub lo~ wit h oseill at or
I n t order_
and Load sh afts. ._The spe aker is 334 inch es
d eep and has th e same imp ed ance and p ower
2400 B Crysta l er., ft . Myers , F11. 3390 1
capabilities as th e TR -3 . It sounds nne, too.
FM EQ UIPM ENT SCHEMATIC DIGEST You don't need to drill any holes since small
A ecmp r" h" ns!v e eo llec::tion of Motorola so;he ma tie di - bolts can be inserted thro ugh the holes in the
agra ms o;over ing low b an d, hig h band a nd 4SO me equ Ip- top cover. Use a cabl e wit h a phone plug to
ment m anufa cturlltd betwe en 1949 a nd 1954. Cry. to l
formu las, a lig nmen t ins h ucl ic ns an d a we a lth of technl co l attach th e speaker voice coil up . Th e cab le
d ola is included In th e 92 pag u . Price · $3.95
can be routed to th e h ack awl h eld in pla ce
TWO WAY RAD IO ENG INEERS wi th ca ble clamps.
1 100 Tremont Street, Bo st o n 20, Mossoc:huseth
. . K 5SGP

112 73 MAGAZINE
 in freq ue nc y m e asu re me n ts. A ll un its a re br and new
in o rig ina l crat es wit h spore ports, instr uc t ion man-
ua l a nd tw o ca lib ra tio n bo o ks . Th e spare part s e ve n
incl ud e a spore c rystal o ve n a nd crystals. a nd a ll
tu bes.
SP ECS:

--- _ . . . -=~~-

HAMMARLUND SP 600
JXjR-274 SUPER PRO
RECEIVERS
ANO TH ER FIRST FOR SELECTRONIC S. W e jus t ob-
tained Q small Quantity o f t hese f a mous rece ive rs
t hat ha ve been de pot rec on d ition ed a nd repacked t o
look and o pe rate like ne w complete wit h m a n ual s
a nd spore po rt s.
Fre q uency ran g e : .5 4 t o 54 Me in 6 bonds 1
A udi o Powe r Ol.lt Plol t : 2 wafts @ 60 0 ohms. J
Po wer Req lol ire d: 9 5 t o 260 watts ct 130 watts ( Powe r Fre qu enc y ra ng e : 100 KC t o 2 0 MC (7 bands)
suppl y is se lt conta ined ) usab le to 1000 MC.
Tube s: 20 Osc illator fr eq. : 100 KC t o 2 50 KC (p roxy ) 12 50
Mecha nical: Ro ck mou n ting 19"W x 10Y2 H x 16 Y20 KC (crystal ), 15 to 20 KC ( in te rpo la t ion). 10 KC
Weight: 66 Ibs. blocking)
Pe rf o rman ce: Fre qu en c y st ab ilit y : .0 0 0 1 %
Sen siti vit y: 2.3 micr ovolts or be tte r on a ll bands ACl:u ra l:Y: .00 1 %
f or ST N to N ra t io of 10 d b . (W e ha ve ch ecked R. F. Out p ut: 10 0 mic rovol ts min. in 5 1 ohms
se ve ra l at 50 MC and t he sens it ivi t y wa s better A udia O utpu t : 2 MW m in . in 6 0 0 oh m s.
t han 1 m ic rovo lt ) Method of Inte rpol atio n : Visual, with built in
IMAGE Rej e ct io n : be tte r t han 7 4 d b on a ll bands . osci llosc op e
I. F. Re jection Ra t io: a t 600 KC is 2 700 to 1 Tube s: 30
A v e Actio n : o u t pu t will ho ld wit h in 12 db w hen Ha rmon il: se le cto r: 9 t h th ru 26 th
in p u t is inc re ased f ro m 2 to 200,000 mic rov o lts. Powe r Req ui red: 11 5 or 23 0 V. 50 t o 1000 CPS ,
Freque nc y Co n t rol : co n ti nuou s t uni ng plus a 136 watts.
se para te crysta l co n tro l osci lla to r in wh ich 6 Wei g ht : 146 Ibs. in c ase
crystals c a n be used for spa t f requency Size : 22" H x 26 Vl'W x 2 03,40
opera ti on. De sc ription : Q po rta bl e he trodyne ty pe f requency
Shippi ng W eigh t : 2 0 0 tbs. mete r f o r portable o r fi xed use . Ma y be re -
PR ICE: $399.95 moved fr om t he case a nd ro c k mounted, o r us e d
in t he case wit h the ti lt ba se a s c t able mo d e l.
BRAND NEW PANADAPTOR Shi pp ing Weigh t: 16 0 Ibs.
Pric e : $3 50.00 ....
PANORAMIC MODEL PCA-2 DIRECT PLUG-I N
TYPE T-200
REPLACEMENTS
PR EMIUM SR4 SILICON PlUGMIN REP LACEMENT
RECT I FI ER RA T I NGS: 4 000 PIV @ 1 amp. D.C.
T he se a re a d ire ct p lug - in rep la ce me n t u nit t ha t
w i ll el im inat e t ub e rep lacements, gr ea t ly redu ce
h eat in g, an d p ro v ide In st an t warm - up..., All un it s
arc properly co mpensated, potte d a nd powe r
t ested a t 1 am p. ov erage D.C. c u r re nt.
PRICE: $6 .00
SU4/ 5Y3/ SY3GT/ SV4/ SV4GT/SAU4 / 5T4 / SVV4 / SZ4/
5 AW 4 / 5 V3 j SAX 4 jSAZ4 / SY3G ( 18 0 0 PI V)
OUf ;J;SA will replace a ny of th e above tubes.
P RICE: $ 1."95
80 /5 Z3 Ou r rep la cement # SH
PRICE: $ 1.95
Here is a nother scoop by SELECT RON IC$: A BRA N D OZ4 j6 X 4 OUf replac ement # 5E
NEW GENU INE PANORAM IC RAD IO P RODUCTS INC. PRICE: $ 1.9 5
PANA NA DAPTO R. These un its o re small and o f a NEW FLA NGLESS T YPE SILI CON DIOD ES
mode m d ecor, so t ha t t he y will b lend with a ny SI LICON RECT I FIERS: A ll ar e t he ne wer a x ia l lead
sta t ion. T hey come co mpl ete with ins t ruction m a n ual. fl a n ge le ss t ypes . All arc ra te d a t 1.5 amp. D.C.
SP ECS: 50-200 '"'V @ .06
Po we r Rec'd .: 115V 50-6 0 c ycl e s 200-400 V @ .14
I.F. Ra ng e : 4 50 -470KC 400-600 V @ .24
Suee n Size: 'Z' d ia. 600-800 V @ .3 6
Sweep W id th : ::!: 100 KC to a KC 800 V @ .44
Tubes : 1 1 1000 o r better @ .54
Size : 1 1"IN x 6 Vz"H x 10" D. POWER TESTED SILICON RECT IFIER UNITS
Shi pp ing W e ig ht: 20 lbs. (a ll 3 5 a m ps )
Pr ice : $79.95 50 V @ .8 4
100 V @ .92
BRAND NEW FR-4/U jURM-79 200 V
300 V
@1 .94
@'2.50
FREQUE NCY METERS RG 59 A / U COAX CA BLE
500' re el s @ $ I 5.00 per reel
Here is a re a l ho t item for you disc ri mi na ti ng horn s GR-12 11 75KC t o 40 MC UN IT OSCILLA TOR IN
o r lo bs who are intere sted in the u lt imate accu ra cy SIX BANDS P RICE: $ 15 0.00
A L L MERCHAN DI S E G UAR A NT E E D- AL L P RI CE S F .O. B. PH I L ADE LP H IA , P A .

S E L ECT R O N ICS
1206 S. NAPA ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA., HO 8-7891, HO 8-4645

APRIL 1966 111

 (continued from page 2)

Transistor s ingle ba nd tenable converters ~ _

And CQ's lat est blast has set shock waves
for auto and home rad ios. Smoolh 6· 1 . :: of ind ignation rippling wi th their attack on
-~-'' ·~. 1
planetary tu ning! Superior sensitivi ty. $e- l .. ' " e. . _ -
lectlvjty, SI N rat ion a nd image rejl!CtiOn! \ ' . D Xpeditions and prop osal for the elimination
Mute terminals ! 9 volt baltery powered ! ~ of all further DXpeditions. I doub t that th ey
All in stock! Pospaid ! GUARANTEEDl ,_ _ ;",
wou ld publish such opinions if there were any
FOR AM·FM $ 19. 9 5 WITH BFO FOR SSB·CW active amate urs on the sta ff. Th ere aren't, are
Marine 2-3mc; 160m 1.8 -2mc; $24 .9 5
SWL 9·1 0mc; 75 m 3.8·4 mc; 160m; 4 0m; 80m 3 .4 ·4.1mc th ere? For that matt er, ar e th ere any active
SW 14· 18mc
I
20m: 75 m 3. 8-4mc; 15m 21·
22mc
VHF MODELS: AM·fM. 1 )1.'1 and bett er sens it ivity! Only $34.95
am at eurs on the sta ff a t QST ? The only one
I' ve eve r heard there was Dic k Buldv..·in and
CB and 10m 27 ·2 9 .7 mc
6 meters 49. 5 ·54. 5mc
I
Police 30-37mc
Police 37 ·50mc
ca n. coax
included
he see ms to have been fired from the maga-
zine. O h yes, Ed Tilton gets on the VHFs
All outputs in BC band. Dealers-Distr ibutors- Exporters invited .
HERBERT SALCH & CO. Woods boro . Texas now and then.

Get a balloon?
LEARN RADIO CODE This Oscar business is all OK , I guess, but
th ey seem to be having an aw ful lot of trouble
THE EAst WA'll No Bo ok s To Re a d
with it. Not only are the specs for a satellite
No V isu a l Gim m i ck s
very exact ing, but we have to thumb a rid e
To Dist r a ct Yo u from Uncl e Sammy . . . and Sam doesn 't
J u st LIsten A nd Lea r n
always go to our stop on the line.
The Air F orce has been do ing some research
lately on UH F rep eat ers sent up by balloon
and having conside rable success over a 500 f
mile ran ge. Th is soun ds pretty good to me . If ,
th ey ca n get 500 miles range on ph one wi th .
the gea r they're using we should be able t o
double it or be tter using C\V . j
If anyone or group is int erested in building ,
some ham rep eaters for our VH F bands 73
wiII be hap py to p rovide the balloons and gas 1
to send them up . I would thi nk th at the y
should he sen t up from the west coast on
weekends. \ V.e might he able to get q uite a bit
of act ivity on 432 an d 220 if we lofted a series
90lA CRT r -Takes octa l socket. 6.3'1' Fil & up to 500vDC of rep eaters to crossba nd repeat to two meters
Ma){. Only 7 11." long. Xlnt for Rtty or modulatio n monitor.
small scope etc. BRAND NEW ONLY $2 .75 from th em . Are there anv clubs that are
JOHNSON XMTR. VARIABLE CAPACITOR-40-500mmf. 37 int erested in coordinatin g su'ch an effort?
al uminum plates; 0.2 5# air gap . Can be complete ly ta ken
apart . BRAND NEW $6.95
JOHNSON VARIABLE CAPACITOR ,# 15Mll 2.3 ·1 4.2 mml.
Length I" wj slotte d shaft . Your help re quested
NEW 45 ¢ each. 5/$2 .00 10 /$ 3.75
50 ASSORTED CRYSTAL A steal at $6. 50 CQ has had some very strong thi ngs to say
T-22 /ARC-S XMTR. 7-9 .1 Me BRAND NEW $19. 95 ab out - th e In stitute of Amateur Radio. I
BC·45 5 COMM AND RECE IVER 6-9 .1 MC BRAND NEW $26. 9 5 would like very mu ch to hear fro m any of you
6 MFa. 10aOV Oil Capacitor Brand New $ 1. 00 (o r your friends ) who have held back joining
8 MFO. GOOV Oil Ca pacitor Bra nd New $ 1.00 th e Institute as a result of the ed itorials in
TUBES: 3C24j 24G 3.00 , 4 ·65A 8. 00 , 6L6 .9 5 , 808 1.00, CQ . If th eir editorials or word of their editor-
81 5 2 .50. 836 1.75 . All are new-Many more available . ials have rea che d you and influenced you to
WE WANT TO BUY OR THAOE-WHAT DO YOU HAV E ref rain from joining th e Ins titute th en it is of
great impo rta nce to let me know about this.
WRIT E FO R f REE C AT ALOGU E A ca reful and fu ll accounting of every ,dol- )
lar spe nt by the I nstit ute has been p ubl ished
Send check or money order- Minimum order $2.50
PLEASE INCLUDE AMPLE POSTAGE- E){cess refunded in th e Institute bu lletins and all members are
Minimum C.O. D. order $ 10 .00 with 25 % Deposit. awa re of exactly where the money is going
R. W . ELECTRONICS, IN C. an d w hat it was spe nt for. T here are none of
22 4 4 South Michigan Avenue Dept. 734 th ose incredible am biguities you find in the
Chicag o, I ll ino is 60 6 16 Phone CAlumet 5- 12 8 1
ARRL financial report. .

114 71 MAGAZINE
Manufacture rs help

I
DXpediti ons do h elp bring interest to ham
radio. Tho se of us at home get a hig kick out
of working th em and getti ng a "n ew one ." I'd
like to see more man ufacturers len d a hand to
fellows who are putt ing on good clean DX-
pedition s. H amrn arl und has been do ing it
almo st single-ha nd ed of late and getting
pr eciou s little cred it for all th eir effort and
exp ense. It seem s to me th at th e y h ave leane d
too far backw ards and as a resuit few fellows
•
realize wh at a terrific help the y have been .
History
\Vhile ou t in Ca liforn ia I got together with
a real old ti mer and go t an in ter esting ea rf ull
of th e early history of ham radio. His ve rsion
is so different fro m that ta ught by the League
that I don't kn ow wha t to believe anymore . $395 PREPAID INUSA
Per haps some of you th at w ere th ere then an d IN STOCK AT
had an inside track on wh at was really hap-
pening can clue me.
F or instance, is it tru e th at the ma in reason
th at Maxim sta rted the ARRL was to pro mo te
QUEMENT
his ego? I know that many of the dir ect ors
see m to run for this reason today, hut I hadn't
realized th at it might have been that way in
ELECTRONICS
1000 SOUTH BASCOM SAN JO SE, CALIFORNIA
the past. Ma xim had a famous father an d " Northern California 's M.ost Complete Ham Store"
grandfather ( Vl nxim silencer ) and could have SINCE 1933
had that psychological problem.
And was it tru e that Ma xim dug up \ Varner
ill a saw m ill an d th at he got 2,5¢ p ersonally BRAND NEW GOVE R NMENT SURPLUS
out of each subscrip tion to QST for several
vea rs?
. I do know that th e League keeps pointin g • Eimae 4X150 se ekets TU e S K65&-( no by-,asi
l1C - ln cap.) $2.50 10 or m or ~ $2.00
ou t that if it wasn't for them we wouldn't Elmac Air System Ch ;m n~y SK 4 06 3.00
have ham radio tod ay and when anyone is Efmae h , e 740 Sockets lor 4CX125 & 4 CX300 4 .00
d iscou rteou s enough to ask them to expla in TUBES: 5 FP14A- GE 3C22- 3ACP7 • . . . . . . ta o 2.00
h be Shlfl d-- Magnel ie 2" · 5" & 7" Scopes . . ea. 2 .00
this they refer vaguely to the hams getting Train S. itehing Relay Type 75 SPOT 1 4VOC or 28VOC 1 .75
back on the air afte r world war 1. Now I hear 10 for 12 .50
that it was th e Army an d Na vy that put th e Polar Relay 20 9 FA SPOT SOVDC 5 amp. 2 .50 5 for 10.00
Ant enna Relay Coax T yp~ SPOT Con. SO 239 28VDC 2 .75
pressure on at that time for us and that we Fit. Trans. GE llS·!J2V Pri 6V@10A. 2 .00
have no deb t to the Leagu e at all! FH. Trans. GE l1S-13 2Y Pri 6V@25 A . . . . . . . . . 4 .00
And did the League indeed have stoc k in Sola Pwr. Trans. 2.20'1' 3 PH 216QYCT 75.0 0
Variahle Capacitor 1.5 ·7 PF SOOV # CA289 SO Shl ll 3 / 1.00
one of ou r leadi ng equipment ma nufacturers? Variahle Cap. 16 0-10 2 1.95- 4.5 PF 3 /1 .00
T his might exp lain why th ey sp ecified their Trim Capacitor 5 ·4 0 PF 600 V Ceramic #95798 .. . 3 / 1 .00
pa rts by number in virt ua lly every constru c- Vari able Cap. Butt erDy 3.5 H .5 PF 1200V BFC 12 .45
Variable Cap. 5 sect. 1 2 ttl 400P F 2 .00
tion ar ticle for some years. Cap acitor 8 MF 1 500Y Oil Filled 2 .00
T heil there was the time we lost big Oise Capu itors Ceramie .00 1 -.01-.02 . . . 12 / 1.00
parts of ou r ham hands at an lT V meeting 7 & 9 Pin Tube Shields TR Series 6 / 1 .00
Socket for 829- 3E29 h be 122 · 248 ·1 .75
with Il l) ob servabl e batt le put up by our lead- Cap. Electrolyti c 1000 MF @ 25 V ... . .3/ 1.00
ers. Some of those tha t w ere th ere wanted to C a ~ . Electrolyt ic 15 -15 MF A 35 O'V .3/1.0!l
know why our leaders turned up with ex- FOR PROM PT SHIPMENT PLEASE INCLUDE POSTAL "' ONEY
pensive cars and big new houses if it wasn't ORD ER OR CAS HIER' S CHECK. OHIO RESI DEN TS ADD 3 %
from some sort of p ayoff by commercial in- SALES TAX. INCLUDE S UFf iCIENT POSTAGE.
terests. M ENDELS ON ELE CT RONI CS CO.
Judging from the number of sca nda ls which 516 linden Ave .
see m to have been covered up th ere is an Doyton, Ohio 45403 5 13-252-99 11
int eresting story to he told. Perha ps one of

APRIL 1966 lIS

 INVERTERS you old timers will write that story for us
12vdc to 28vdc youngs ters, changing na mes just a hit to p ro-
Run your surpl us equipment with
teet the guilty. I do thiuk that we should have
some sort of history other than th e sugar
no '0""";0' 150 WATTS $49.50
coated rewrite that appeared in QST.
300 WATTS $71.50 .. . Wayne
We a lso make 6vdc to 12vdc 12vdc to 12vdc
12vdc to 115v 60cps 150 or 300 watt Little League
12vdc to 1lSv 400cps 150 or 300 watt
12vdc to 4S0vdc One reader wrote, "Quite frankly I have
WRITE for com plete in fo rm a t ion been very skeptical of many of Jhe things
Green has b een writing about th e League in
73. H is acc usation th at th ey had refused to
let 73 exhibit at th e National Convention in
Boston seemed so rid iculous that I decided to
check this for myself and see wh ether Green
has been te lling the truth or exaggerating
about the sta te of affairs at L eague HQ. I was
un able to get throu gh to Huntoon , but I did
reach an assistant and he confirmed th at th e
League has indeed inst ructed the Boston Con -
vent ion Committee not to p ermi t 73 to exhibit
at their convention ."
This ch ap goes on to say that he is goin g
IDENTIFY t o do eve rything in his power to keep his
YOUR friends from attendin g the conven tion. Several
other fellows have written similar letters and
SHACK some manu factur ers h ave indicated th at they
want no pa rt of th e show if that is th e way it
is going to be, run . I disagree. A convention
Your coli altra ct ivel y displayed, ins ide or outside . Las ts f or
years . 21j2 x 17¥4 inch , custom made-f ully gua ranteed_ is prim arily for the benefit of th e hams that
distinct ive des ig n of q uality rust proof aluminum , finished attend and I think we should all suppo rt the
in rich, blo ck enamel. Beaded , Reflective , Raised lettering,
Door or Woll m ou nt Iplc tured} $1.45 Boston Convention for the good of amateur

j
Mailbox, La w n s take or Post mou nt , with attra ctive nluml;
nUm frames (v ie w from eithe rside l- slole type w ith o rder radio in spite of the pe ttiness the League has
Postage Paid in U.S.A.
$4.45 demonstrated.
M cCA LL PRODUCTS
P.O . Box 5 6 7 Marion, Indian a 46952
Pandora's Box explodes
The F CC rue full y admits th at it never
dreamed that they wo uld get things in the
RTS2:/AP X6 makes 12 15 mc Xceivr. See O d~"'ov CQ . :'IEW 23.50
mess they are now as a result of Part 15, the
UPMS 'rests AI'X6 .27 Tubes, 10 Diodes. lI S\', GOCY FAIR 14 •.'10
TS726/UPM3 Same as abuve but US recondit ioned .. LN 19 .75
Complete Manual for TS726j UP!l18. Postpaid 2. 90 rule which pe rmi ts those 100 mw tr an sceivers
1
T61Aj AXT2 'rv Xmtr w/vtdec & Sync Modulators .~l';W 19.25 which h ave been cau sing furth er chaos with
I
TS5 45 jUP 1150-1350mc Echo Box wjManual, Accessory
Box a.nd ACCRssoriCS. 10 0ua . I ndicat or .... EW 18 .5 0 already chaotic CB. FCC staffers ad mit that
cueet ete Manual for TS545jUP. Postpai d
OAA·2 Radar Test Set 150 ·2-l0mc wjSchcmatic , Antenna,
2. 90
it is alrea dy w ay too late to tr y t o stop th e J
3 'rutes. 200ua xreter Ind icator. lI5 \', 60 cy .. l\'EW 17 .75
46ACQ·l Radar Receiver, H O-260mc, w/ Tubcs NEW 18 .25 flood of thes e trans ceivers and they are talking
AM665A j AQS2 t -nne Band Pass stucr Amplifier EW 9.25
AM818A jAQS2 a-ruue Dual Channel Amplillcr " .. KEW 8.50 seriously of moving th em into some other band
WECO GS16741 Computer Calibrator for K5 System wI Man- be low 30 me to relieve the CB congestion .
uar, Cables, Accessories. I n earl'}'ing ease NEW 42 .50
1P224 / APS38 Sweep Amp. 2-S0 'lW.1- 12AX'l,1 -12A X7 NEW 4.75
SN12B Synchr onizer- for APS3 & 4 . W/29 Tubes . . NEW 14 .50
Th ose of us using six or ten met ers have
TS738 / UPMllA 8.5-9.6Km o wit h most accessories EX 45. 00 more th an ad equate reas on for alarm . Virtually
Ballantine .300 AC VTnt in 19 inch Rack Pa nel . . E.X 30.00
Lambda 32 El ect ronically Reg: Lab r-ower Supply .. EX 18 .2 5 eve ry other VH F user has a lobby in Wash-
Alum. gcnsote, 57" high . glopmg panel above: door below
desk Shelf. Castors. Rear door, 115V50ey EXhaust Fan. ing ton to forcefull y p resen t th e many reason s
FoX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . .. 75. 00 why thi s screa ming mob sh ould not b e inte-
Rejleetcmeter SWR Bridge w/Metcr. 30 -1000mc . .. . . EX 8.2 5
Set of 120 Xtals Type FT24.3 5675 t bru 8650kc . . 120/1 8. 75
T46 5 /ALT7 Xmitt r 168-352mc W/ 2-6161s. 100Vi' ont 1,.'1 22.50
gra ted with their service . Th ey have million s
T465 IALT7 Schematic pp 1. 00 • .. . T465 IAlT7 Manual np 2.90 of doll ar s to sp end for their protection . Ama -
CUll9A Coupler 13 nne-tube amplifiers wyt utes . . FAIR 8.25
Rt. Angle enve w/gears & universal. *"
Tube rvne 616 1 wyconnectors. 65 Watts to 2000mc . EX 7.50
sbaft . . . . EX 3/5.0 0 te ur ra dio ha s only the Institute of Ama teur
TAtAN Mndulator Z-1 0 7 for RT220/AR.'l21 w/Tubcs . EX 6.75 Radi o, ha cked by a few hundred ama teurs
VARIAC Tille W2. J20 Vnlt 3.1 Amp 50 -6 0 cycle • . N~;W 8.75 wh o care enough to try to keep ham radio
UTC H95 Prl -1l5V60C)·. See-two @12Volts2.5Amps . NEW 4.0 0
UTC H77 C~n ke. lOR @300ma. 3200 Volts working NEW 4. 75 going , to hold up its end of thi s battle.
SC61le xrenuer 1950 Y @3 ma. 6 Fil windings 60 crete NEW 2. 75
2 in1 AU dio Driver 0. 5 :1) &0' put (2. 88 :1) Xrormer NEW 3.00 Perhap s we need to lose one of these major
E. c. HA Y DEN Box
Pelees: FOB Ba y Saint Lou is.
294, Bay Sa in t Louis,
Mississippi, 39520
ban ds in ord er to wake up the thousands of
Te rms: Net, Cash.
73 MAGAZ INE
 SILIC ON BI-SWITCH 7 amp 20 0 plv, u sed in A C
ph ase co ntrol a nd lamp dim m e rs. Ci rc u it f or 750
w att lam p dim m er included. 2 fo r $1 COLLI NS ARR· 15
RCVR 1,5-18.5 mc
SII;.IC <;tN NPN MI CROTRAN SISTOR, sil icon plana r Wr itten u p "73 "
epitaxial. V ~ I>" 40 vol t s. V ~ ~" 15 vo lts . 150 m w , J u ne. Tu n eab le
100 me . w ith spec i f tc a t to n she et . 2 for $1 w it h Coll in s PTO
a nd cal i brato r.
S ILI CON BI-D IRECT IONAl TRANSI STOR . PNP . $4 5.0 0
NPN. 2 N1640. 2 fo r $ 1

SI LI CON ME SA POW ER TRA NSISTOR. 85 w att s.

2 N 424 NPN . 2 fo r $ 1
Sync h rono us cl ock m o -
t o r driv i ng a gear
Ex pe ri m en t er 's pack ag e. Yo u r c ho ice of any 12 t ra in t o p rod uc e o n e
of the above f or $5. re vot ut ton yg ho u rs
w it h a na log ou t put b y
m ean s of a preci s ion
Di g it al I nd icator d ispl ays fi g ures 10K pot. Res et with
on t ra nsl uce nt wi ndow 0-9. Plug - an other built i n 11 5 V
in bank of 6 volt bu l bs o n rea r, 60 Cyc l e motor. M ay
each bulb wh en energized di s- be t ake n apa rt f o r t he
p lay one digit on t he w ind ow . 2 mot ors, o ne a pre c l-
$6.00 sian m ot or d r iv in g a g ea r t r ai n a nd th e sec ond
mot o r 60 cycl e in duct i on 11 5 vo lt .
Un bel iev a ble $1. 50
CR YSTALONICS FET ( Field Eff ect T ran sist or) w ith
s pec s heet . See Decem ber 73 f or m o re inform a-
ti on o n FET' s. $ 1.00 6/ $5
AR C-5 Tran sm itter 7-9 me. W r it·
te n up m an y m a ny t i m es , but
SILI CON DIODES SPECIA L t ry a nd b uy one. Per f ect co nd t-
800 PIV 400 ma $3 .00 /1 2 30¢ eac h t ion i n o r ig ina l acv't ren ew pack -
ag es, eac h w ith i n d iv id ual lo g
100 0 Pl Y Studs 2 am p $1 0.00 /1 2 $1.00 each an d wo r k she ets . T hi s w i ll no
do u bt be t he l ast o f th em .
150 PIV 3 5 amp. Used . g u ara nt eed . w it h m ou nt- $ 23 .0 0
i ng hardwa re. $5 .00/ 6 $ 1.00 ea c h

New 1966 ca ta log nct-eer-the-er es s. We ke ep no

JOHN MESHNA JR. mai ling li st s. Send 2 5¢ f or t he b est 80 p age ca t-
alo g we hav e eve r printed, More b a rgains than
1 9 Alle rton S t ., Ly n n, Ma s s. eve r before.

am ateurs wh o are m ista king ly d epend ing on

the sleeping giant in Newin gton for p rotection.
F ellows, the League isn't even a reg istered
lobh yist for amateu r radio . . . h ow ca n th ey
po ssib ly h elp you? They are goo d at proposing Red UCes Intlrle,.n.. ami Fer A LL ·"..Iut~r T......
Nol.. on All Ml k" S hort IIIltten, CuarutM4 rlf' 100
r ule cha nges to force th e old tim ers off th e Wa.,. Reee inn. " Ik" Worl d
Wi d. HlCeatie. Strl nllr.
Watts AM l UI SSB PI.
Net . r Lin k Dlred: F.-d.
air, b ut th ey ca n't wa lk into a Congressman's e l.. ,.r en All Ban dl! L1,ht . N_t . Weather, reel .
office an d ask for h elp . COlIlple te l baWD to t&1 ICll&"th 102 ft. . ltb ,. It. of 12 ohm
balano:ed t lnllne. ~ H I· lmp act EDoldec1 "MQam. tnpe. (W t . I
On the oth er hand, perhaps those 100 mw or.. I· J: 5" lone:l. Yau Just tun a tI lIIn ln lll ban d fer bea.llll11F:e
resulu . EJ:eelle nt tee A.LL . erld -wi de ehert•• a" recehen end
gadget s are fun enoug h for us? amate ur uaos mlu en. Fo r NOVIC E AND ALL CLA.SS AloiA-
TEURSI 1\0 EXTRA TUNERS OR (lADGETS S EEDmI
EUmin al.e& 5 l eparate aotennu wltb er c:ellent performa_
lluall ntee d. I nce lTlip lcueul lar F lI$sy Nel, hbor hoeds l N O HA.Y-
Chuck and Ted WIRE HOUSE A.!'PE AR .iliCE l E,j.S Y IN STALL A.T lON I
Compl ete I nl trucUone.
75- 4Q-20-1 5- 10 meter bands . Complete I l U5
D etails will be following , of cou rse, b ut th e 40- 20-15-1 0 metor~ St· ft. (belt for 1....1 ',) Complete . . . 1" . 95
SEN D ONLY $a.OO (calh, ck., me' and. ,a,. poItm a n bala_
repor t )lO W seem s confirmed th at Chuck Sw ain COD plus pOlt...e on arrh al or lind f un price ler POIt,dd
de ll , el'3'. Comp lete install ation .&: te chnica l In. tructl. ne tee-
K 7 L ~ 1U and Ted Th orpe ZL2AWJ have been nll hcd . Free in formatiO D 00 malU' othe r I tI · . met ar an termu.
lost at sea d urin g a hu rricane a fter leavin g A.raU. bl e on l7 Ir_:
\ Vallis Islan d on [nuuary 27 th. I guess m ost of WESTERN RADI O Dept . A7·2 Kear ney, Nebru • •
us expe cte d some sor t of miraculous es cape
such as Danny pulled off a few yea rs ago
d own in tho se wat ers when he ra il on to a reef
with th e Yasme.
ST OP! LOO K! ! RE A D ! ! !
D on Miller rushe d ou t to Samoa to h elp S1.00 will f rame & di splay 60 QSL
w ith th e sea rch, hu t after over two we eks of Cards in 3 of ou r 20 com po rt ment
plast ic ho lders, or $3 .00 g ets 10 hold-
sca nn in g every possible area where th ey migh t ers f or 200 Co rds. Order n o w~ li m i .
b e th ere lias b een 110 sign of th em. Ap parently no t e rhe m util at ion & hea da ches of the
obsolet e met hods, & have a ne at, a t-
th ey had left th eir h am gear behind on Wallis t rac t iv e shack in stan tl y. Prepaid &
g ua rant eed .
Island , wh ich expla ins why non e of lIS h eard Free sam p le a va ila b le t o Deale rs,
a QI\ RI\. f tp abclI. Box 1 98 N. Galla ti n, Tenn. .370 66

A PRIL 1966 117

 (continued from page 4)
Second place went to Bill IUch arz \ VA4VAF
and Bryant H olm es \VA4\VO L. Their cover
will appear in the near fu ture .
\V e h ad an incredible number of en tries in
the contes t an d had a terrible time de cid in g
the winners fr om am ong them all. There are
a few ot he rs we may b e able to use or th at
furn ish good id eas for an artist to work on
(som e weren't finished ar two rk). I ncid en tally,
we ca n always use good covers and cover
id eas. Paymen t for covers is $25 and up .
Id eas get less, of course.

Articles and other con tribu tions

~ "Q" and " Z'!;Signals
• WorldTimeChart
..Prefixes byCountries • Int'!. Postal Rates
Unit ed S tates Listing s, .. $5.00
OX Lis tin gs • . •.• •• •• • . . . • 3.25
See your favorite dealer or orderdtrect ( add 25¢ for mailing)
.0' ,. ; .; H ih_ .; li!iIM1 tiJ ~~ • . ,~ _
; ·,; "'..,; "'m.; ~' .• _"" " 1~~
RADIO AMATm RS RmR,NC, LIBRARY
<I Of MAPS _ OROm YOUR SH TODAY !
WORLD PREFIX MAP-Full C010f, 42" X
29" shows prefixes on each country
OX ~ones, time zones, cities, ~r~fJ $~ .~o
enced tables ·.·······pos P
RADIO AMATEURS GREAT CIRC}E C~At~~
n9,; O
OF THE WORLD-from t~ e C€2 r X 2'5"
~i~~~~~ ~~:~~sCJrif~~rtr!~~~~~s~~n~e~~esh~
for SIX major M: -": Seattle San Fran-
tngton, D.C., ranu, ' your project or jus t send the article itself
cisco & Los Angeles. postpaid $1.00
\Ve always need good ar ticles, too . \ Ve h ave
a large backlog, hu t eat u p 25 to 3,5 per
month, so can't ge t too complacent. Amo ng
the ar ticles we especially ne ed ar e de ta iled
ones on newcomers' gea r. T h ese shou ld have
layou ts, lots of good lar ge p ict ur es, parts lists
with p rices and sources, and complete tnfor-
mat ion so that an absolute beginner can use
the article. \ Ve need receivers, transmitt ers
an d accessories for 80, 40, 15 and 2. Mo dern
eq uipment is preferre d; no 6SN7's and 6J5's .
In fact, th ere's really no reason for no t using
sem ico nductors in the receivers an d p ower
sup p lies and poss ibly in th e transmitters.
We'd also like articles on a 6 meter SSB
K\V linear (with maybe 572B's, 8236's or
8 IG,Ts), 160 meter gear, a low noise (tran-
sistor) 12~}6 me converter, test equip ment,
mic rowave equ ip ment, simple transistorized
SSB exciters, transmitters -rmd tra nsceivers
f•• using Mr-Coy or CC crystal filters, circuits
using cheap new transistors, and p rojects th at
usc (or can use) p rin ted circuit bo ards th at
can b e made available to read ers such as the
kcyer in th e January issue. This list is by no
mea ns exhaustive . You can send a q ue ry on
(which I pr efer). We like lots of good bi g

c"'- 1 IJNITEO STATES MAP-Ail 50 ~tates with

call areas, prefixes, OX .and time zones,
FCC f r equency allocatIOn chart.
i nteresting information on all 50 ?ates.
full color, 29" x 17" • . , . . . postcaio 50¢
~ WOR LD Atl AS- Only Atla.s compiled fO.T
amateurs. Polar projectIOn, SIX co~t~;
[ nents, prefixes on each country: ., U
Plus
pictures -m'id try to use them. Polaroid sh ots
usually are poor as they can't be blown up.
We also need good ca rtoons and ca rtoon
ideas. For some reason, we see m to ge t a lot
of non-ham and no n-fu nny cartoons .
I'
%"

Comments
,~ i
~
color, 16 pages....
Complete reference library of
...postpald $1.50
m~~s$2s;~
~.j
ij We're always anx ious to receive com me nts

I
1 of 4 as listed above. .. ..postpal.. from our readers about 73, and about par tic u-
,I See you r favo rite dealer or order dlrect . JI'j lar articles in 73. H ave you b u ilt a project
, ",I, 1ti2~;::~~:~=:::~7~:7k.:i0"~ from an article in 73? \ Vhy n ot send us a p ic-
tu re of it and your comments about any pro b-
I • RADIO ~Mc;'~lb'9~!~"~ lems or modifications-or just how it worked.
Your experien ces can be very h elpful an d re -
Dept,BiM;<I4~ ulleLf<Ln:Av •. assu ring to others who want to build the
,c Ch'cag01il~60639 equipment. •• . Paul

118 73 MAGAZINE
~~,.~ ':I""".I.1.1'.I'III""
.I.I~ ~
~ FIRST TIM E IN U.S.A. !
~ SPRI N G Ima9in~'~~~. ~~~~:;d ~s~a~~!at one
o 7 -Amps 0 16-Amps 0 25-Amps

S
PRY
o 25
Sal e
.2 5
PRY
0 15 0
Sal e
.75
0 3 00
0 40 0
1 .5 0
1.95
S
S
0 fREE 0 SO .45 0 200 1.00 0 50 0 2.5 0

S $
25 : WOIIT H 01'
• T, · .n ~ l ltOri
~::~::::~
0 10 0 .6 5 n 25 0 1.35 0 600 2 .95

S ,. :. 750 Mil TOP HAT AND EPOXIES

. Olod U Pl Y So le PlY Sole PlY Sole
~~~:~ ~ . 1~ B ~: ~ DR ~:: ~ :gg ~ I~~~ ~

S
S
Rod io , TV Pe rt• . Add 2 5. for hOfld lin .

$1
CHOOSE
PLUS
ITEM
+.. 200

40 0
AMPS
.3
9<

SllIC'ON
25 PlY
lJ 5«
1000

PO~ER STt'o
50 PlY
0 7(
51 , 1800

RE~n~IEis
100 PlY
rI 12c
t! 1 .35

1.50
200 PlY
0 19«
~

S
~
S
.S
S o 1\~~,~':< ANY
BO TH " G IFTS" FREE
WIT H $ 10 .00 O RDERS
FREE 15
35
A MPS
3
15
B
4 00 PIV
~ 25«
H
15,
39c

90,
8 22 ,
SOc
bOO PIV
R1 .35
0 35,
B 40,
75,
800 PlY
0 451
[ 1 1 . 59
8 65,
1.1 9

8 1es.7 9
1000 PlY S

APRIL 1966 11'

 I
~;

I
BRO AD
• Fla t in
BAN D BA LUN
t he a m a te ur bonds
$10 net ppd.
In U.S.A.
from 3 to 30 Mes . • Fu ll leg a l power • Full y
weathe r sealed • Matches co ax to ante nna or
ba lanced line. _ Im prove s e ff icien cy a nd radia -
t io n pa ttern .
Two mode ls, 1 t o 1 or 4 to 1 impeda nce rot io
* Price--$2 p er 25 words for non-co m me rcia" ods ; $5 p ",r 25
w ord s for bu sines s ve nture:s. No d isploy CKIs o r agency di s·
Size 11/4" 00 x 4" long. Wt . 01 oz . count. In clude your check wi th or d e r.
FUGLE LABS 1835 Watchu ng Ave., Plainfie ld, N.J . * Type- copy. Phrase a nd punctuate e xac tly a s you w ish it to
oppaar. No o ll-ca pJtal ad s.
I * W e will b e the judge of su itab ili ty of ad, . O ur re s po ns ib il-
ity fo r erre rs e xtend s o n ly to printing a corred ad in a
later Issue.
ABSORPTION UHF WAVEMETERS * f o r $1 extre w e- con mointain a Tep ly bo x for you .
Hand c a li b rat ed from crystal oscil lat ors by KI CL L.
Now yo u ca n f ind the 432 an d 1296 m e ban ds.
Know t h e frequency of your double rs. trip lers a nd
* We ca nn o t che ck Into e-a ch ad vertiser , so Cav",at Em ptor • • .

osci llato rs . Don't g uess!

VHF -l 40 to 135 me CLOSED CIR CU I T television c a mera, v id e o monitor ,
~~~--1 1~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ $9 .75 each
a s so r ted T V lens es . Very reasona ble . I ra K le in , 143 9
52 S t . B r oo kly n. Phone HY 4- 7083 .
UHF.2 600 t o 1100 me All five fo r $45
UHf-3 950 to 1400 me
ART'S QS VS Samples 10 f . Art B li s s , 1829 N. Catalina
Hoisington Research Company St., Burbank , Califo rnia.
Fa r Ove r Fa r m , 603-924·3030, Pe te r borou g h , N. H.
C ON V ERTERS $10 and u p . World 's la r g e st se lection o f
frequen cies. H a m TV v i d icon c ame r a s and p a rts at lo w
f a c t ory-dir ect pric e s . See the m all n ow in o ur full
PRICE B REA K T H ROUGH ON BEAMS pag e a d in t h is Iss u e. V anguard Labs, 196- 23 Jamaica
Ave., Hollis, N .Y. 11423.
FUll SIZE; new; complete with boom and hardware; SWR, 1 :1 ; '.
handles 5 kw; adjustable entire band ; %" and 1" aluminum
feed :
alloy tubtng ; COIIX
WE W n.L PAY CA S H: Want e d, p op u l ar, late model
3 ei 20 $22 el 15 . . $16 u nmod ified ama t e u r e quip ment. Highest prices p a i d
2el20 ie ell ;; 12 for clean, good. op e r a ti n g g ear. W rite Graha m Radio,
a e m IS ell! . . . . 15 De p t. 10, R ead ing, Massac h u se t ts.
VERTICALS: ALL B,\ .'W \'160 ( 6 thru 160). . • • . . $ 18.\l5
QUADS : xxw : ~F.W ! ALL :\IETAL (except insulators) I'uhieul TECHN IC AL :\IA~UA LS . Signal-...cor p. Some of the
Quads; 2 el; full size; complete with bonm, all hardwar e ; available manuals R ~ 3 90 ,A, S P - 600 , B C-610, 1-1 77 ,
ternne ~i1il) and directIvi ty ; best [I11,UJ eyer made; no bamboo : TV -7, teletype manuals, test e quipment. World's la r g -
20 meter $25 ; 15 m $24 . Remit with order, shipped ex-
press collect. est li st 10 ¢ , Quaker Electronics , Hunlock Cre ek , Fa .
GOTHAM, 1805 Purdy Ave., Dept. 73, Miami Beach, Fla. 33139
ARE YOU S IN CERE? Are you -realty lo oking f o r t h e
best d e al on a new o r fully gua r ant e ed used u n it ? L et
u s co n v ince you w ith a specific quo te that will rea lly
s a v e you m oney. Graham Ra dio, Dep t. 10, Read in g,
M a ssachuse t ts.
CL E R GYM EN O F ALL F A ITH S! S i xth e di tion of
"Clergy a n d R eligious R adio Op e r a to r s " callbook to
b e p ublished'" s oo n . Please inform us of additions and
changes. Over 1000 calls now incl u d e d. N o c ost or
obligation . Write: Callbook , Capuch in Seminarian s,
KIQFT , Box 218, H udson, New Hampshire, 03 051.

NC- 300 , 2 and 6 Converters , sp e a k e r, $150 .00. 15 Am-

SEND YOUR ORDERS TO ALI:D LAWRENCE, MASS.
~ SURPLUS WANTED
We'll pov you the absolutely Highest Prices for a lm ost
any piece of equ ipm ent in any condition. We'll trade
also. We'll pay in 24 hours too. Just send list , or te le-
p h on e collect for quick quote. Particuarly in te res ted in
all AN /GRC, PRC, ARC, ARM, UPM, USM, APR, APN ,
URM. RT-66-70, T - 195, R-392, etc.
SPACE ELECTRONICS, 4178 Po rk Ave., Bronx, N .Y. 10457
(212) C Y 9-0300
~ SURPLUS WANTED ~
p er e Va riac $20 .00 . Heath A G - 9 , 820.00 SASE for list,
W2EET, 2 Rid ge w a y, Ave . O a k l y n , N.J . 0810 7 .
NIxm TUBES , Burroughs n o . 6844A. H a ve 50 @ $5.50
ea. po stage p a i d . N e w . No pullouts . W 4FSB, D u k e
R ussell , 1815 M issile V iew Ave ., M erritt I sl a n d , Fla.
~ 32 952 .
CA N A D IANS, TRANSISTORS all semiconductors and
c omponen ts . F ree catalogue c o n t a ins referenc e data on
300 transistors. J . & J . E lectron ics, P .O. Box 1437 ,
D ep t . 73 , W innipeg, Manitoba, Canada .
QSL CARDS : Samples 10¢. Qua lity- r easonab le-f a st
se r v ic e , D ec a ls , rub b er stamps, photo labels, lo g books
or loose leaf. Malgo Press , B ox 37", Toledo, Ohio 43601.

110 73 MAGAZ IN E
FT-243 Cla'ST ill.S : 0.1% se tt in g $2.0 0 each . ± 2 k c MATH
setting $1.00 ea ch . 3000-8700 k s. D en v er Crys ta ls , 776
Sou th Coro na, D enver, Co lorado 80209 . SIMPLE?
Yes, K8L F I g ives y o u
WANTED GDLnKIT T HRILLER transceiver in go od
shape. Box 731, J acksonville , Fl orida. the si mp lest, most
eas y . t o • u nd ersta nd
expl anatio n of Ohm's
WASTE D GOLDKIT T HR ILLER transceiver cheap.
B ox 84, Bruns w ic k , G eorg ia . L aw, sq uares, ro ots ,
pow ers , f r eq u en cy , me -
ters, logs slide r u les,
W AST ED Briti sh OX t ra n s mi tt e r EL 37 in good con dx .
Box 45, J a x , F la . etc . A postpa id steal
at o n ly 50t
CLEGG 22' $175 , D r ake R4 w ith spea k er 5300, # 19
te letyp e machine inclu de s ta b le , power supply, TD 73 MAGAZIN E
unit , $15D-you p ic k up. WA BBLS j4, 6420 5th Avenue, Peterborough, N.H. 0345 8
N., St. P et ersburg , F lorida 33710.

K:oJIGHT GRID DIPPER $15, Tran stenna 102A T -R

530 , Vibropl ex vib ro keye r $8, 73 B ound volume #1 GROVE'S GIANT SALE!
$8. Tony Casciat o, 1107 Cott ag e S t. SW, Vien n a, Va. W A LK IE- TA L KI E #1 3-103-
22180. 3 t ran sist o r .• ... . . .•.• .• •• . . 2 f or $ 14 .99
W A LKI E- TA LK I E ~ 1 3 - 1 0 5 8 -
5 t ran sisto r .•...•.....•.• .• • . 2 fo r $2 5.88
COLLII\"S 625 - 1 $575, KWl\o1-2 w ith Waters Q · Mu lt i- W A L KIE· TAL KIE ~1 3 -I 06-
pl ter $675, 516F2 550, Packag e 51250. All factory n ew 6 t ra nsist or . ....•.... .. SALE S 15.9 9
con d i ti on . M easurements Corp. Model 59 G OO $95. WALK IE-TA LKIE #13 - 108-
9 t ransis t or • . . . • • . . SALE $2 4 .95
J. W. Grego ry K40CK, 6495 K ill ian X Driv e , M iami , WAL KIE-TA L KI E # 13 - 114
Fla. 33156, M O 1-7576. 10 t ra nsistor . . . . . . . . . . . . SALE $27.9 5
W A LK IE-T A L KIE ;:t1 3-1 10 H-
12 t ra nsist or- 2 cha nne ls SALE $29.95
GR 650A R LC B r id ge $85, ART -26 S5O, AR C-I S15, WALK IE-TALKIE ::tl 3- 132-
A ll s t ate eB rigs n ew $30 each, LM with calibration 16 t ron sist or-2 channels-l 'h wo tts SA LE $68.88
b ook a n d P S $50, New 4- 400 $25. R. wurtzmge r . 830 W A LK IE-TA LK IE ':=13- 130-
N. Wa ller, Chicago , Ill. I Wa tt-BRA N D N EW MODE L! SPECIA L $57.88

KNIGHT R -IO OA receiver with cr ystal calibrat or 585. MICROPHONE SALE!

T UR NER 4 54X SSB . SALE $14.49
zacc 723 transmitter $35. Plus shipping. J . Buck, 4860 T URNER 45 4C SSB . SAL E $14.49
Wes t R ichfeil d R d ., W est R idge field , Oh io 44286 . T URN ER 2 54X > . SALE $ 12.99
TU RNE R 3 58 0 ..• ........ SALE $13.69
C UBICAL QUA D W2A U for 10-15 -20 meters , never
us ed, comple te instructions $40. P ick up deal only. FI ELD ST RENGT H METE R-transistorized SALE $ 14 .99
AUTO R AD IO-A M j F M/ F M- afc~
Sorry. J am es J . D or rm, 178-09 132nd Avenue, Spring- Pushbotton- 6v or 12v, Positive o r
field Ga rdens , L.T., N.Y . Ne gat ive Gr oun d ... . . ... . SAL E $49 .99
SWR BRIDGE-Fie ld Stre ng t h Meter-
# FS45 , . SALE $ 8.99
WA NT ED : Linear with po we r supp ly to fo How 20A.
Good quality homebrew OK. O r w ill s w a p 20 ~A de-
lu x e VFO , 2-B with c alibrator plus cas h fo r Swan PENNY BARGAINS!!
350 or 400 plus VFO and AC supply. P aul We n tze l I F' s-4 55 KC (3,4 inch) SAL E 19 /
KpGBC , R FD # 2, Box 451, Spearfish, So. D ak. 57783. RELA Y5-Kel logg Swb- 6 / 3 5V DC-
4PDT . SAL E 99/
OUTPU T X F..MR-IO,OOO Ohms-
HA -I KJ<;\,ER and Vtbroplex. Almost n ew . Swap for PP A ud io . .. • . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . SAL E 99 ,
POW ER XFMR- 550V CT-
Tri Ba n d Beam or $70. WAIBWS , Roger Burnham , 90 MA Fil ...• . . . . . . . SAL E 99,
RF D # 1, Da nb y , Vt . T UBE TESTER X FM R-
(Lot s of Fil win d ing s) SALE 49,
FI LTER CHOK E- Shiel ded-
HAM A UCTIOI\" Ma y 2, 1966. Check g ear in a t 6 p m. 3 Hy- 320 MA . •. . .. . .•. . .. . . . . . SALE 99/
A u ction at 8 pm. R iv er Park Amateu r Ra d io Cl u b , I I OV TIMER- 60 cy -asst 'd--
5100 North Fran ci sco A venue , Ch ica go , illinois. 59('- eo . ~ ..- . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 f or $1.49
CLOCK TlMER- Te lech ron w/ Steep
Selecto r •..•.... .•.••.. . . . . . . . SAL E $2 .49
600 PIV TOPHATS, in cl udes bypass ca pacitors a n d GN 5-T u nea ble Generat or Su ppressor
(Reg . $3 .95 ) . ...• • SALE $ 1.99
resis tors 10 for 83. P os tpaid USA. Tube pullouts : COA X IAL LI GH TNING A RRESTOR
4C X 250B $6 .50. 4- 125A $5.00, 6146 or 6883 $1.25, 5763 (CBLA 2) SALE $2.88
o r 6CL6 $1.00 , 4X 150 $4.00, 2C39 $2.00, 304TL $15.00 ,
4-250 $10.00. A ll mate r ia l gua ra n teed. Minimum order
53.00. Ea s t Coas t Electronics, 123 St. Boniface Rd., Ama teur s! Order r ig ht f rom t his ad AN D tell us you r
Buffalo, N .Y. 14225. a dd it iono l needs in t ran sf ormers! Largest st ock of
su rplu s x f mr s of an y dea le r! Loa ds of goodie chass is
f u ll of choke s, d iodes, ot her ports. W e'v e got t he
f u n- t y pe goodi es f or you. Incl ude Call wh en wr it ing .
RTTY CHA:oJNEL FILTERS tuned to specific fre-
q uency .0005. $3 ea ch. Two tuned filt ers mounted in SEND fO R f REE GROVE 1966 CATALOG !
an oc ta l can $9. 5 88 mh to ro ids $2. P ostp a id . Bob
J e ffrey W60KK, 6639 Outlook Avenue, Oakland , Cali - Send c heck or money order, include postage, ex-
ro rn ta. cess refu nded . M in imum order SS.OQ--50¢ servi ce
char ge under $ 10.00. 50 % deposit an COD's.
i\:oJjURR - 13A receiver $8S; Gen eral Radio 1551- A
$139.50; T el ety pe M D 14 r e p er f m-ator $47.50 ; Infr ar ed
Sniperscope M d M3 $ 125; N iCad battery -cells. P . E.
GROVE ElEaRONIC SUPPLY COMPANY
Bonifac e , P .O. Box 44. H a wthorne, Mass. 09137. 3256 N. Pulas ki Rd. C hicago, III. 6064 1

A PRIL 1966 121


Interested in VHF?
Then why not sen d fo r a free sample of the
VHF'er Magazine. It's devoted entirely to
serious VHF and UHF hamming. It contains
articles by well-know n and capable VHF'ers.
All who want to improve their knowledge of
VHF are invit ed to subscribe.
Subscriptions are $2 a year (foreign $3)
The VHF'er
Parks Laboratories, Rt. 2, Beaverton, Oregon
GOODY GOODIES
Speda lly selected as " BETTER BARGAINS" for t he coming
hamtest season. ctean 'em out, I'll buy more and different
Items.
CO-AX RELAYS
Rl'IYr,lO O 11' on 2 meter. Has 2 121"
DC coils in series. rewire in paral] ,,)
for 12 \\ In steel tmx 3x3 !f.lxl %.".
Wit h 3 connect ors ta ke PL-2 59 . :\1~W
Wit ll 3 aaxxn ", ElY PL -2 .:;9
::;P Il T ,2;, Ow to 2,,0 :'< IC.I00 w
to IOOO MC) iWR at 10 0 0 Me
1.3: 1, Open fra me, t akes eG-
:<:</C, B:\ C, and 2 oprcial
rme . Willi new UG-8 8, .I:
spcria ls W/ IlG -HH, 2 spectals
on 9' RG59
I lllpuloe ratchet relay , Ill' OT ,
11r AC roil. l';aeh pulse sets,
and resets (n-versesl . me{'h ani -
rully. A MUST f Ol' R1'T Y auto-
mlltic kp,el'S. ImA:'oIll :\"EW
HEAVY DUTY, 1 I{W, CERAMIC, ROTARY, RF SWITCHES.
3 deck 5 positrons Wired. :\"0 stop. %" sha ft ,
8 position with bur knob.
2. deck I'ontlnunusly ~hOltin~.
6 position ,\"o slop. 7'! " shaf't.
2 deck xon -snnrnna. no stop.
12 position %" shaft,
• CHI, t,,"
350 C",mi, caoaett crs 5 KV as.
. 40, G, or 100 rllmL l:llOice, $ 1. 00 4 / $ 3 .7 5
A-27 Dummy antenna, SOw 10 4 :;00 KC
Steel box. 3"w x :i"ti x .f,%. "h . with
corer .1x:;x1';;'''. Has :H ILLl';!'i or
{'ARDWF.LJ, 12 to Hi l mmr, :\,,001"
variablc, two 12 ohm, ·10 11' vltreuus
resistors. leads, !Jimlillg posts, de . (j
LR:;. :\" [,;\\'
12-151 Variah le capacitor, :l,,(Hh, }II LI,J'::-; or
mmf ('.\ Rrnn;U , . remover fm m A-2 7. Ideal
fUI" injmt. (If j 'i · II"!.. Two met al Pllrl
ctutes. %x1" snan.
SURPRISE PACI(AGES.
our very fll"~1
try, at th"St" (luI:\' uccanse we n '(" 'n th rrrt-Ivr-d a
lot of nuxcrl parts. frOIll a large m,lIlllfadlll',']-';' lim' temuna -
tton. swcetenen with some of our odds & enrls, fertovers , etr .
1'0 HEAVY -tnn CYCLE TRM\ I'I..()]t\llm~ or 24\' IlC
or EXPORT l'Ar KEll :llll::;E. Does have resjsto rs. condensers,
APC, tulle sockets , fll,;('S, rus r- r li p ~, lends, switches, pets.
iark<;. nue«, «umcctors. in nuonlm bags. l'O""/~
take-outs, r-lean, guod. !i pounds
HM1FEST Schedule
SCLLI\ 'A:'l. ILL Apr. 2 4
De tcain. Ill. }[ar 1.
All orders except in emergency sll;pp{'(j ~"1II(, dar rreeired, }'''I"
free "Goonn;" sheet, scud self a{hlr,,~~ed stamped envelope.
PI>EASE, l 'J,E ,Um Include sutllclent ]lustage and msnranee. ArW
excess ref unded with order.
B C Electronics
Telephone 312 CAlum et 5-2235
2333 S, Michiglln Avenue ChicllgO, Jflino is 60616
122
SWAP COAST GUARD Be 653 -A t ransmi tter with a
500 v and 1200 v generator co mplete, 140 lb s of cho ice
p arts, pair 814 's final G. mod. Ne ed good communjca-
t to ns r eceiv e r . Write E. R. A lber tson, P.O. Box 392 ,
Evadale, T e x a s 77615_
BC -348 Doub le co nve rsion miniat u r e t ub es , with pow-
e r su pp l y , ne w p ane l. D iagram included, $45. Two
new 4CX250K tubes w ith h om e brew socket , $10.
J . E. R ic h a rdson, Box 54, Po ttstow n, Pa. 19464.
EICO 723 60wt CW Xmtr w jsp are tubes. Good novtc a
ri g. Wk d 20 count r ie s. $40. J , F . Ro binson, KIZJW, 32
Old Colony W a y , Scitua t e, Mass. 02066.
ELECTRONIC LIGHTER. No F lint, Wick, B a tte ry or
Movin g Par ts. PHOTO OF SHACK w ith call, name ,
a d d ress , on labels. Wagner Co. , 6200-C W h itewood,
Library, P a . 15129.
H EATH HW-32 zn- meter USB transceive r. 200 watts
in put, ALC , AVC, V OX , and PTT. Like new , $85 .
16810 W eddington, Encino, Ca lif. 91316 213- 784- 2588.
WANTED: Military or Comm e rci al S u r plus . . . A ir-
$3.95 bo rne , Ground, a nd 'rest se ts. T ry the big boys, then
write or call collect a r ea 703-560- 5480 and g iv e us
$5.00 YOUR p rice . . . W e Pay Cas h and F r ei ght . . . RITCO
POB 156, Annandal e, Va.
$3.00 F OR SALE: R 23/ARC5 190-550KC r ecei ver good oper-
a ti ng with tubes . . . $15.50; a lso R445jARN30 Tunable
:!; $5 .0 0 la t e t yp e command r ec eiv er 108-132MC, same s et u p
as comma n d se ts . . . goo d operating with sc hem .
~ 4 .5 0 . $26.50. R ITCO POB 156, A n n a n dale, Va.
BARGAINS! Tra n smitte rs , Receive rs, Test equipment
offered , wan ted in ham's trading pape r . Ne x t 12 inte r -
es ti n g issues $1. Samp le copy free. " Equipment E x -
change-Ha m Trader ," Sycamore , Illinois.
$1.75
HALLICRAFTERS SX-117 w ith HA -I0 pl us xtal for
4- 4.5 rn cs, m int condition , only $270, will ship. Con-
$2 .50 tact WA4 MZZ , Box 182, Louisville, Georgia 30434.
$2 .50 QSL CARDS? Largest va rie t y sa ranles 25¢. Sakkcrs,
W8DED , H olla n d , M ic higan.
$2. 50
CHRISTIAN H a m Fellowship be in g o r ganized fo r
Chris ti a n H ams f or fello w ship , tract m inist r y, mis-
s iona ry efforts a m ong h a m s. Ch r is tian Ham Callbook
$1 don a tion. Write Ch r is ti a n Ham Fell o w s h ip , c /o
W8DED, Box 218, H olland , Mich .
WRL BLUE BOOK prices save m oney. Take 10% off
these p rices w ithout t rades. Communic a tor IV 's, 2M
or 6M-$199 .00; H T3 7-S269.00; S X99 -$99 .00; SX101A
$5.00 - $209,00; .S R LfJO- S389,OO; Ga la x y 300-$189.00; Ga l-
a x y 111-$219.00; SB33-$209.00; NCX3- $219 .00; R XI
- $149.00 ; T X1 - $139 .00. Hundreds m or e . Free li st.
$3.95 LE O, ,V0GFQ, B o x 919, Co u nc il Bluffs , I ow a,
COLLINS STATION 75Al R eceiver w it h RME DB23
pres elec to r $175. 32V3 Transmitter with s pare 4D32's
RE LAY ~ , $200. Or make offers. W A4WHI, 10235 S.W. 58 ci,
M iami, F I<l. 315-667-99Ql?
lIC\\'. 1 It~;,­
T UBES : 4CXIOOOA 's , Brand New, $100.00. I nsura nce
$1. 65
a n d shi pping pa id. WA 5MeL, 130 G recia n, San A n to -
nio , Texas 78223.
DAYTON HAl\lVgNTlON AprB l6, 1966-Day to n Ama -
teu r Rad io A ssociation's 15th annu al H a mven ti on ,
W amp le r's B al l a r e na, Day ton, Ohio. P a rticipate in the
tec h ni cal s ess ions, forum s, b a n q ue t, "H om e Brew"
contest and hi dden t r a ns mitte r hunt. Bring XYL. FCC
g eneral class e x a m in ation 09:00 Satu r d a y . For infor-
m a tion wri te D ay to n Hamvention , Department C, B ox
44, Dayton, Ohio 45401.
73 MAGAZ I N E
:VOVICE C UYS T A LS 80 -40:\1 $1.05 each. Also other
freqs. F re e lis t . Na t S t in n e tt e , W4A YV, Umatilla , Fla.
32784.
Be 3 tS- D o u b le convers io n- miniatu r e t ube s w ith
power su p p ly, ne w panel. Diagra m i ncluded-$15.00.
T w o n e w 4CX 250K tube s wit h home brew so cket-
$10.00. J . E. Ric hards on. Bo x 54, Potts to w n , Pa. 19464.
CO :\l P LET E S TATIO N-HX-SOA- 160 la te s t m o d l ftc a -
ti ons, w ith 8236 fin a l for 270 P .E.P.- $37S.00 ; D ra k e
2A w i th Calibra to r, speaker a n d e x t ra xtals .-$I 60.00:
S eneca VHF- l 6N 2 with handbook 6146 modulator a nd
power supply-$165.00 ; Vikin g 6N2 Co n v e r te r- $40.00 ;
BC - 34 2N with s ta b ilit y, S -meter and speaker-$65.00.
J im Bellow s , K 8NIE , 2700 Pa rs o n s , Mi d la n d , Michi-
gan 48640.
VI DI CONS . . . RC A & GEe , Heat h test e q u ipme n t,
w tn eguard UH F c on verter, S u r! Boa r d , CDR ro to r,
H O - 13 H a rn sc a n , 2 met e r halo , R G -17u , R adar S e n -
t r y, plu s m ore . WB2G K F , S tan N azime k , 506 M t.
P rospec t Av e., Clifto n , New J e r s ey 070 12_
2 ) lETER F i\I m obil e un it wante d, M o to r ol a pre ferred.
Give d e tails , including chassis numbers, pric e. J Im
H ill , W6IV W , 26107 Bass w ood, Palos Verd es Pen ln -
su ta . Ca lif. 213-3784411.
C O~\l PLET E S T AT IO K! Eic o 720 T r a n s m itte r , 722 VF O,
H allic rafte r s S - 108 R e c e i ve r , H eath Ca librator, N ovic e
Crystal s . 6 m o n t h s n e w , g o od c o n d ition (61 coun t r i e s ,
44 s ta t es ) . Be s t offer o ve r $200. ' WB2SS B, J os ep h
Sa n g e r, 22 Te a k w o od L a n e , Rosl y n, L. I " N .Y.
CA L L S IGKS ! Now, Yo u can proud ly di splay you r
call , c u st o m m a d e in thic k sand cast aluminum. P o l -
ished b o rd e r and lette rs on a d ee p black backg round.
Exclusiv e Qu a li t y adm i r e d b y all. S a ti s f a c ti o n guar-
an teed. O n l y $ 7.95 p ost pa id . O r s end $1.00 deposi t ,
balance C.O .D ., to R o be r t Young, 2021 25th S t r ee t
Wcs t, B ir m in g h a m , A labam a 35218.
NO W ! A p u b li c a tion d e v ot e d enti r el y to g o ve rnment
s u r p lu s e le c t r o n ic equip m e n t. M a ny schem a tic s a nd
o t he r data each issu e. S a mple c opy 251' or 83.00 p e r
I vy ea r- subs c r iption. Na ti on a l S u rpl u s Di gest , P .O.
Box 36, Swe et Valley , P a ,
1 DOK'T E NJ O Y WORKI N G S S B . H a ve n ear new
H ea t h H W-12 w ith HP- 13. DC su p ply and x ta t cali-
b rator. Hi g h es t b idde r. J a m e s B e a n , KO LRO, Be l -
cou r t , N. Da k . 58316.
G O O DY BA GS , 20 pounds e x ce lle n t p a rts $5. C a talog
- R T T Y , UHF, Re c eive r s, pa rts-send SASE. 0 -3 22/
GPA - 30 unu s ed , $9.50 f ob. B V E E n te r p r ises, P OB
411V , P ara m u s , N. J . 07652.
IIALLICRA FTERS F P :lI -200 tra n s is t o r ize d t ransmitter-
recetver -transcetver. C o m p l e te ly s e lf-c onta ined, c o m -
pact st ation incorpora ting advance f ea t u r e s n ot f oun d
in any amateur radio a t a n y price. 41 transistors, two
VFOs f o r transmitting and receiving o n diffe r e n t fre -
quencies. AM, SS B, C W- VO X . Co m p lete c o ve ra g e
from 10 t h roug h SO- mete rs , plus W WV. 16" w id e, 5"
h igh, 11" d e e p . Co mple t e w ith AC u n it a n d s e lf -con-
ta i n ed m obil e b r a c k et. C a n be m ove d in secon ds.
T his magnific e n t piece of e qui pme n t s ol d f o r $ 2650.
Abso lute ly p e rfect c on dition. wtn s e ll for less than
h a lf -p r ic e. W A6TLS , 7549 Ea st F ou r t h P la c e , Dow n ey ,
C a lifornia.
NEW TOOOOO BES: 6146B-$4.00; 6C W4-$1.40 ; 417A
- $3.95; 6360-$3.4 5 ; 6146-$2.55; 3- 400 Z- $30.80. N~W ,
boxed, guaranteed . NO pulls, se conds o r JAN. Fre a
Catalog. V AN B A R d is t. Bo x 444X , S ti rling , N .J . 07980.
APRIL 1966
Back Issue Bonanza
C ur l u p t his win ter wit h 20 a sso rted fa sc in a ti ng bock
Issues o f 73 . T hey' ll keep you r m ind, imag inatio n and
s o ld e ring iron wor m t h roug h the co ld n ig h t s. Ou r
ch oic e (but a n excelle nt on e, of co u rse ) a t th is low
price . 20 t o r $5.
Cheapskate's Ass ortment
Eig ht fa bu lous back issue s o f our ch oic e fo r a puny
$ 2.
Single Back Cop ies
Ind ivid u o l boc k. issu e s ore SOt a piece e xce pt all o f
19 60, Fe bruary, Ma rch a nd A p ril 19 61 , o nd J u ne cod
No vembe r 19 6 2, wh ich are S I. Janua ry 196 1 and
December 196 2 aren ' t avai la b le .
Bou nd Volume s
1962 and 19 6 3 boun d vol um es a re be a u ti f ul a nd $15 .
W e're going to ma ke up m o re 19 64 a nd some for
19 6 5 , bu t it' ll t a ke a wh ile.
Binders
Binde rs are ava ila ble t h rough 19 6 0 -6 1, 19 62 , .1 9 6 3,
1964, 19 6 5 and 1966. T hey' re $3 cptec e a nd If you
or d er the m Nancy will ha te you 'c a use they 'r e ha rd
to w r c p .
73 Mog azine Peterborough, N. H. 03458
GET IT from GOODHEART!
EVERYTHING UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED !
The Best Air·to- Ground Radio Receiver: lJRR·1 3 is con-
linLlOUS luning AM superhet 225 -,100 me plus 1 l-"t!-
eontrcl ehe nnel. 2 su gts RF, 5 SU l:ts U" Silencer,
x crse limtter, 3 ~tal:es M', 120 1" 50 / 60 0' plI" r
sair, With teen. d~1;l, aligned, OK rrtd , f ob Los
Anll:~les .. ... . . . . . . . . ... • . ... ... . . . . .• ..... 149.50
TWO LV XFUI!lS eH h 1151" 60 0'. ecneeet for 115
or 230r. Gives t separate 6.3rct 35 .1. sees.. connect
tor 25. 2vct rms ::t"A or 12 .6Yet lOA or 6.3 fet B OA.
2 lI"el gh 54:tt. RailEx or Trudi nJll ect, remit for two 14 .50
All- Band SSB Rcvr Bargain: H ~ l1iera rters n · 45 ARR -7.
550 me to 43 me conti nuous : Voice, CW, MeW.
aligned, qrtd, w /b oo ~ ; 2- RF, 2-1F's. g-meter : noise
lmtr ; 3 xn. 3 non-xt l select. choices. I. l'SS PWf SIll y 149 .50
20. 00
T1 ~'OE c~A~\VrPl~~~ 1~~' p~~la~~~~i~1l1~;eeW60.00· ';r 10%
mort, down payment only .. . _. _. • • . • . . _ .
Panadapler 455 kc for above, 60 cy • • • • • • : . 89.50
R-23 / ARC· 5 Command rerr 190 -550 ke 14 .95
A. R.C. 12 # 22 Commal1l1 rerr 5 40~ 1 600 ke 17 .95
17 9.50
:~:~~/~~i/~°loro;.~Il1~~ · ~1ilAO 1"m~0'i6'0 er. '-rllli
Ilwr Dlug, book , tun"" 3S·1 000 me ... . .• _.. • .. 250 .00
P.U.R. for tuners 915 -2200 l nd 2 115- 400 0 me.
RA·62·S i! AC ~ D\fI' sply tor SCR· 5 22 , only " "" 17 .95
l M-14 tree, meter, .01 % 125 ke-20 me . 57.50
TS-,)23 / UR t ree. meter 20·4:-l0 me.. 001 % 1 69 .50
H.P . 524 D/ 5 25 A, B,C!5 4DA: Count to [inc.
I ' ~ri o ll ~IH1t. adds aecurar y at luw fn'q. 2175.DO
H.P . 522 8 ( DY-25 01) counts to 120 kc. . 45 0.00
Berkel~y Counter / Timer C011nts t o 1 me . ... 495. 00
Tektronix 514 AO seepe de t o 10 me . . _•. . . . . .395.00
Boonton 16 0A Q-l [pt.er similar to 26M .•.. PUR
St oddard Noisc & l'itl d Strengt h :llt'ters .... PUR
H.P. 60 8 B Signal ueuerator Il'odillfd to same or less
intl dl'ntal . 'M as GOll ll . _. . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .395.00
1Clbic~~~Water
t\~~ ~~~i: ~~~t ~~~~ ~ g: }~ ::: :.
Calor imeter RF wattm eter
ij~:~g
PUR
TS·41 8 A/ U $ilt. gen. to dbm 0. 4- 1.0 te ..• .. 39 5 .00
H ~w tett - Pac k . # 6 16 A SiC. Gf"D. 1. 5- 4.0 te .•. 79 5.00
Borg· War ner High-Power !rig. generators PUR
S LRD sig. gen. 2 1 5 ~2 7 5 0 me, 20 watt s .. . . . . . . • . PUR
AND MU CH MO RE! We hare many ot her Si1!Unl Generators. many
Meters, VTVl\I's , Line Volt age Repulators, Regulated r ower Sup-
pli es, Prcci!don Bridge!, ee & de Volt age Dividers . Gah os, r'ato-
rtmetne & I ndka tin~ Rft' w attmeters, other s oeetmm AnalY7.el'll.
F.t e. . . . WRITE _ . . WIRE . • . PHONE • . . YOUR
SPECIFIC NEEDS!
WE RENT EQUIPMENT! WE BUY Eo.UIPMENT!
R. E. GOODHEART CO. INC.
Box 122QGC Be verl y Hill s, Calif. 90213
Phon. : Area 213 . orne. 272- 5107. messages 275·5347
123
 r;:;ilHIS MONTH WE FIND OUR PRECIOUS
I l!o HEROINE'S LON6TIME PAL, PERCY,
t ON THE VER6E OF STEPPING INTO THE
WONDERFUl. WORLD OF HAM RADIo•••
WE OPEN OUR SlORY WITII PERCY oN
ANN IE'S PRE'I DUS LITHE OOORSlEP.••

GOLLYGEE 73!
IT'S TIME fOR
IF.:''';;:::-I-= -1Iaf--. HI, ANNIE ...
JUST O"E MORE
OUR LITTLE CODE SESSION OFTHe. TIIOU6HT OF
CODE AND I .,, ~::~ YOU AS BEING
PRACTICE AtiO
THEORY SESSIOIl THINK rUBE REAL HAM
READY FORTIIAT '. MATERIAL I
COME IN. NoVICE TICKET .~ , •
PERC.Y ... AND I'VE ...~. ..1
.. .n
- r J
READ UPON ' ~
ro
ALL THOSE
LITTLE RESISTOR
AND CAPACITOR
THINGS•••

124 13 MAGAZI NE
,.
JUST THINK, ANNIE •I
. 'CQ TIBET••• eQ TASMANIA ••.
CQ PETERBoROUGH••• WATSA,
OLD MEN ? •. HOW COPY,GUS?
SORE, I QSL ••• QRUi'••• QRS? ••
R06ER0006ER ••• QRZQRZQRZ
QRZQRZQRZ? .•••.- ~~

HI PRC.Y 8T GLD TO
MEET U BT NME HR
1$ CL'(DE. ES I'M A CW
MAN MYSLfSK

APRIL 1966 125

 MfET OSCA R ..• HE:S TH15 IS CHARLIE ••• ~WRI6I11" I You 1..105.. ,
A YHf OPERATOR .•• HE'S A OfOl(ATED LET'S GET THI5
RTTY KAM••• I/\IRIT£ fETING STARTED!
tHM A NOTE- tiE'S ~==.
NOT MUCK RlRn'!LI(

AwV"Rlut\"f... LET'S 60 WITH THE ROLLCALL

'" DON 'T NOB OOY BREAK IN OUTA TURN .
OR IT'S THE WOUff HONG •••

You CAN MEET SOM E

MORE OF THE FELLOWS
AfTER THE MEETING •••
ISN'TTHIS A WONDERFUL
GROUP? All REAL HAMS-
EAC.H I/\/ITH HIS OWN TALE"lS
CONTRIBUTING TO THE WHoLf
OF 11lAT GREAT SERVICE-
AMATEUR RAPIO •. • PERC\,?
PERCY! 1 W4NTA
Go 140MlE •••

I'll NEYER 6ET THAT WRAPPED WANT TO STOP IN FOR A CUP

UP IN HAM RADIO..:r«O&E GUYS OF HOT CHOCOLATE? .
AVE GONE THE LIMIT I
>-'-~Il'll'"'~~~n · THANI<S.
BUT-1 wANT TO GET HOME
AND GET STARTED aNSOM£.
AWARDS ••• I MADE FOUR
DOZEN CERTIfICATE fRAMES
litIS WEEK. •••

126 73 MAGAZINE
 .-..-,_..... .
Propagation Chart
i ANTENNA
Apri l 1966 !VHFHANDBOOK ..... . ....
c..... ,

_ ... -
"'
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tenn . H....dboo k eon.. com plete I" .... rr Dnd oil
W ES T CO A S T 21 II .........,- ,." <Iinl ""tai l. fo r • • ery typ e .., VHF d UHf

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C E N T R AL UNITED STATES TO : _ ;_
0"" I. nn a .olola g Icclion . If ,oy'r e in lcrc ,tcd in VH f ,
YOy ,h oyld hoYe Ih i. book. Pri.e i , $ Z ',0'"
ALASKA

A R OE r<T I r<A
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" EXI C O

PH I L IP P I SE S
"
P I:J: R T O R ICO
" INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
I~ 1~

u. S. S. R. " !I
_. I. Aleo, 120 Me shno, 117
America n Crystal. 122 Mission, 73
W ES T ERN U NI TED S T A T ES TO : Ama t eur Electric Suppl y, 57 Mosley. 12-13
Amrod , 112 Notional Radio , Cover IV
ALA SKA
Arrow Elec t ronic s, 97 Newt ronic s, 64-65
\l H
Arrow Sa les. 112 NICAP, 115
ATV Resea rch , 105 Pa ra met ric Amp lifiers, 44
.~ U S T R A L lA ,. o' H H 1. "I
BC Electronics, 117
Burg ha rdt , 69, 93
Pa rks, 112
Pa rt ridg e, 59
C A" AL ZO S E Ca llboo k, 118 Poly Pe ks, 119
Cave at Empt or, 107 Queme nt, 77, 85, Il l , 115
ES GLA"" H o' Columbi a , 115 Rad io Prod ucts Sales, 87
UA \\' A II ~I 'I e- Cus h Croft, 19 Rohn , 29
'S OI A ,. Dayt on Ham vention, 56
Dow Key, 50
RSGB Handb ook s, 105
RW Electronic s, 114
l' 7' Edward s, 61 Sctch , 114
Epsil on , 114 Selectr onics, 113
aex It:" II lL Evan s, 107
PH I L IP P1 NES
"
11' II o' ;' Fair , 111
SBE, 37
Sound Hist ory Record ing s, 96
Fug!e, 120 Spa ce, 120
P C E II T O RIC O
Ii ~I !I !, '" Gla ss, 109 Surplus Index, 116
S O I:T H A Y ll I C.\ I I' 7' H " ~I U
Goodh ea r t, 123 Swa n, Cove' III
Gordo n, 73, 89 Telrex, 84
u. S . S. R.
Got ha m. 120 Tc pc beo, 122
£A S"1' COAS T ~, Grove', 121 Tra nscom, 23
Hayden , 116 Tron s lob , 83
Henry , 45 Two Way, 112
# Very d ifficu lt ci rcu it t his ho u r. Hoisington, 120
Int er na t iona l Crystals,
Va nQua rd, 52-5 3
* Next high er freq ue ncy may be useful thi s ho ur. VHF Ante nna Book, 127
Invertronics, 116 VHF'er, 122
Jan Cr ysta ls, 112 Wate rs, 5
Lampkin Lobs, 110 Web~ tc r, n
G QO ~ :1-3 , 7-9, 13-15 . 24-26 loom is, 116
Maca, 9 1 West e rn, u s
4, 6, 10 , 12, 16- 19 , 21 .23.27-2 8. 30
Fa i r :
WRL, 93 , 128. Cover 111
Poor : 5 , 1 1, 20, 2 9 McCa ll, 116
Mo t h. 121 73 Bock Iss ues, 123
VH F DX, 1. 5. 21 , 25.28 Mende lson, 122 73 Subse eipt lens, 110

APRIL 1966 127

 BREAK .
~ ( . .. u "' u •

tt· THROUGH

EXCLUSIVE GALAXY LINEAR FEAT liRES

*Uet'Qlutio nary rtew circ u it . Sustain s Hi-Effi- * NEW A LS! (Automatic Linearity System) An
cie ncy 10 -80 M ete rs. improveme nt ov er co nvent ional ALe.
* Most co m p act 2KW L i n e a r e r e r marie . R.F. • MOST T AI,K.POWEIC I!/t-EIC in this small
unit j ust 6 " x 10 14 " x 11 14 ". Same as Gal- siz e.
axy III and V. * Operates AIJ I at all t im es.
*' Built-i n ante nna switc h in g re loys ,
MORE OliTSTANDlNG FE;4TlIRES
* INI'UT , 2,000 Jr.u, PEP·SSH, 1,000 Watts·CW, 1,000 Watts ·RITY,
* Complete tube repj aeeme nt S2$t und er $30.00. PO WER SUPPLY
,., Uses ten 6HF5's in neW , efficient design. lle a vy du ty p o wer su p p ly
.. Full Power f rom any 100-200 watt output excit er. has 115/230 VAC pr imary,
*' Tubes fan co oled for longer life. .con servative 2KW ccs rat-
ing wi t h ' grain- or iented sit -
* SIM PLIFIED, reduced power tune-up. icon stee l core, so lid st at e
'" One knob ba ndswitching, 80 th rough 10 meters. rect ifiers. All cab les sup'
* High efficiency PI-NET, matches 40/90 Ohms impedance. plied. Power supply can be
* Built-in, adjustable low -pass filter. pla ced under desk for op-
erati ng c o nveni en ce . Pro -
* 3 rd order distortion ~30 D B . t ect ed by attractive cover.
• 115/230 VAC power su pp ly.

~~~~-.-- _. - ----------------73 1.
• Shlpplngweight (LI near and Suppi y) App rox. 55 Ibs.

o
o
[J
Na m e
S e nd in fo r m a t io n o n linear Am plif ie r. Dept.
Send q uote on separa t e s h e et.
Se nd ne w cata log.
C311
Ad d re s s ,
t e e I. M ~ Y~'$ on
34 15 We st Broadw ay I

128
W¢G f O

------------------
C o u ncil Bluffs , Io wa 51504 C ity s ta t e Zi P_ _ -..

13 MA GAZINE
 HERE IT IS!
cOMPAf.f HWER.
5" HIGH fUll
11%" WIDE 300
10" DEEP
WATTS

NOT A KIT! THE PERFECT FIRST OR
SECOND - MOBILE OR FI XED STA-
TION - TWO BAND TRANSCEIVER,
COMPACT - 80·40 METER SSB TRANSCEIVER.
A LOW COST RIG - WITHOUT SACRIFICE OF
POWER AND PERFORMANCE. INCLUDES
BUILT·IN SPEAKER AND GIMBAL MOUNT!
E-Z "One Kno b" TUNI NG - JUST PEAK OUTPUT
FOR SMALL QSY. Illuminate d VFO di al with 2 kc
ca li b r at i o n . Hi gh impedance m ic. input with
300 Watts PEp·5SB input, cove ring 3 .8 - 4 .0 and
7.1 - 7 .3 mes o ( LSB-8 0 and 4 0 meters). A pair of
p r oven 6 HF 5 ff nal c t u b es, Sepa ra te , r el ay
swit ched, t uned RF receivin g st age, Ih uv. sensi-
tivi ty at 1 0 0 8 S I N . Ru g ged p rinted circ ui t
board , comb in ation tube-tran si sto r ci rcuit ry for
bes t perf orm ance. Sta ble, so lid s ta te VfO and
bala nc ed m odul at or . zen er regu late d. Sel ect ivit y
2. 5 kc @ - 6 DB receiv ing and trans mi tti ng with a
4 crystal filter . Carrier and unwanted sideba nd
suporesston . 40 0 B. 1 watt of audlowith built-in
sp eaker. Fixed 50 ohm input/out put im pedance.

'. , WIRED $1 S9
pu sh -to-talk :o p er at i o n . Comb in at ion S-Met er/ Excell ent AVC. COMPACT SIZE: 5 " high. 11 1; ' ''
Output ind icator . Sm ooth vernier (12:1 slow and wid e. 10 " deep , less pow er supply. Net weight
2 :1 fast) VFO t uning. 10%. lbs. Shi ppin g weig ht 15 Ibs.

e
DUO·BANDER 84 AC·48 ECONOMY
SU.PPl Y 250 WAn (11~ VAC) 49.9 5
, ' , ,. COMPLETELY 95 AC·384' DELUXE
SUPPLY 300 WAn (lI S VAC) 79.95

$800 CC·~84 DELUXE

SUPPLY 300 WAIT (12 VDC) 89.95
• MONTHLY
SPECIAL . FIXED STATION PACKAGE • $ 1 9 995 $ 10.00 MONTH LY
SAVE $10.0 0 n UO-BANDE Il 84 AND AC-48 SUPPL Y Order ZZM088
r------------------------------,
I WORLD RADIO LABORATORIES l
I
13415 WEST BROADWAY/COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA/51504 DEPT. 73
l aD ~ I
I0 Specia l Package ZZM088 • $199.95 F.O.B. Council Bluffs, Iowa I
I 0 Duo-Bander 84 • $159.95 J
I0 Informat ion on Duo-Bander 84 Name Call - _ I
I 0 Quote on attached Trade Address I
I0 Free 1966 Catalog

L~~~=~~~~~~:~ __~~ ~~~~~== __J

 ill atownhouse
onlouisburg Square... i
Lo uisbur g Sq ua re . . . an island of t radi-
tion and elega nce on Beacon Hill in Boston .
Also, the home of hotel ma n Er nest H en-
de rson, \ VI A UC/ UD Y, an d the loca tion of
his amateur sta tion . M r . Henderson is
Chai r man of the Boar d of the Sher aton
Corpor a tion of America, and his ch oice of
amateu r equipment is Nationa l, of course. I
For over half a cen tu r y National gear has
been t he choice of cri tical amateu rs req uir-
ing maxim u m performance , r eliabili ty, and
workmanship. If th ese facto rs are important
to you, then the logical choice for your sta -
tion m ust also be Nationa l.

Am ateur station WIAUC i nc lu des the NCX-5 Tran sceive r With d igi tal dial, t he NCX-A AC Supply/Speaker Console, t he
VX-501 VFO Console (all in wa lnu t cabinets), an d th e NCL-2000 2 KW linear Amp lifier.

National,ofcourse.
~NATIONAL RADIO COMPA NY, INC., 3 7 Washington St., Me lrose, M ass. 02176
NCX-5, $685.00; NCX-A, $110.00; VX-501, $249.95; NCL-2000, $685.00. Optional oiled walnut cabinets available at extra cost.