LET’S FOCUS!

This module will allow you to explore the basic concepts of functions and look on
ways how to derive a function model for a real-life situation.
Through this module, you are expected to:
1. Define and illustrate relation and function.
2. Evaluate and solve functions using adopted word problems.

LET’S PREPARE!

At the end of this module, you are expected to represent and SOLVE A SET OF REAL-
LIFE SITUATIONS using functions. Be guided by the following information.

REMINDERS CRITERIA

1. You may present your answer on sheets 8 – 10 points

of short bond paper. You may encode
your answer or use your handwriting.
2. You are expected to answer the first
three problems in the list found on the
last page.
3. Aside from the three, choose two other
problems that you want to add to your
problem set.
4. Each problem that you will answer is
worth 10 points.
5. If you want to do more, each additional
problem that you will choose to answer
will give you 10 bonus points.
The answer is correct. The solution provided
contains complete details, showing your
clear understanding of the problem and
the concepts and skills covered in this
module.
5 – 7 points
The answer is partially correct. The solution
provided essential details, showing your
adequate understanding of the problem
and the concepts and skills covered in this
module. However, there are a few errors.
1 – 4 points
The answer is incorrect. The solution
provided a few details but they do not
show a clear understanding of the
concepts and skills covered in this module.

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 LET’S DO IT!

This schedule will help you accomplish your tasks in this module.

WEEK DATE TASK

1 August 1 – September 4, 2020 Activity 1, 2, 3 and 4, Reading 1
2 September 7 – 11, 2020 Activity 5 and 6, Reading 2, Problem Set

ACTIVITY 1. STARTING POINTS

What are your initial ideas about relation and function? Complete the statements
below.

A relation is
___________________
___________________
___________________
A function is
___________________
_____ ___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

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ACTIVITY 2. RELATION MATCHING
Complete each mapping diagram by drawing a line between corresponding
elements. From your viewpoint, determine the relation between the corresponding elements.
Write it inside the box. (See example below)

BEAR KITTEN SQUASH

CAT LAMB BROCCOLI

FRUITS
KANGAROO JOEY TOMATOES
VEGETABLES
COW CALF EGGPLANT

SHEEP CUB CARROTS

TV
2 25 SAMSUNG DESKTOP PC
SMARTPHONES
5 49 PANASONIC
AIR
CONDITIONER
ACER
3 9 WASHING
HP MACHINES
7 4 LAPTOP

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READING 1. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

In Mathematics, relation is any set of ordered pairs.

An ordered pair is any pair of elements (x, y).

Relations can be represented using mapping diagram, set of ordered

pairs, equations, and graphs.

A function is a relation with a certain rule. Functions are relation such

that for every 1st element, there should be one and only one
corresponding 2nd element.

The set of first elements (x) in a relation is called Domain and the set of
second elements (y) is called Range.

ACTIVITY 3. EXPLORING RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Analyze the following examples of relations and functions.
Example 1:
Mapping diagram

Gerald Sarah

Mateo Bea

Xian Kat

Daniel Kim

Set of ordered pairs

{(Gerald, Sarah), (Gerald, Bea), (Gerald, Kim), (Mateo, Sarah), (Xian, Kim), (Daniel, Kat)},

NOTE: This relation is NOT a function since the first element “GERALD” is
paired to two or more elements.

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Example 2:
Set of ordered pairs
{(2, 0), (3, 5), (4, 1), (-3, 0), (-1, 5)}

Mapping Diagram
-3
0
-1

2 1

3 5
4

NOTE: This relation is a function since there is no first element that is

paired to two or more elements.

Exercise 1. Based on the examples above, identify whether the given relation is a
function or not. Write your answer on the blank.
1. {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0,4)}
2. {(-3, 3), (-4, 5), (-3, 0)}
3. {(1, 2), (-1, -2), (-1, 2)}
4. {(3, -5), (5, -3), (-3, 5), (3, 5)}

-2
-5
8

0 11

5.

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ACTIVITY 4. WHAT’S NEXT
Determine the rule or pattern for each set to find the missing value. Write your answer
inside the box.

1 4 2 7 3 10
1.

5 16 6

-1 1 0 0 2 4
2.

3 9 6

3. 2 gives 1 4. 8 gives 14 5. 4 → 21
3 gives 5 3 gives 9 11 → 56
5 gives 9 27 gives 33 2 → 11
6 gives 112 gives 5→

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READING 2. EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

Functions as mathematical models can be written in the form y = f(x).

In a function, the elements of the Domain can be visualize as input to

a machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only
one output.

Evaluating a given function f(x) is the same as finding the value of

second element y given the value of the first element x.

To evaluate a function, substitute the given value of x in the equation.

REMEMBER: In performing series of operations, always

use GEMDAS.
Grouping Symbols – Exponent – Multiplication or
Division – Addition or Subtraction

ATIVITY 5. EXPLORING EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

Follow the steps below in evaluating functions. Apply it to the next exercises.
Example 1:
Given the function f(x) = 3x + 1, evaluate f(7).

a. In evaluating f(7) means x = 7 then substitute the value of x to the equation.

f(x) = 3x + 1
f(7) = 3(7) + 1
b. Perform the operations using GEMDAS.
f(7) = 3(7) + 1
f(7) = 21 + 1
Therefore, f(7) = 24

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Example 2:
If f(x) = x 2 − 5, evaluate f(−3).

a. Substitute the value of x to the equation.

f(−3) = x 2 − 5
f(−3) = (−3)2 − 5
b. Perform the operations using GEMDAS.
f(−3) = (−3)2 − 5
f(−3) = 9 − 5
Therefore, f(−3) = 4

Example 3:
Given the function f(x) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x − 8, evaluate f(3).
a. Substitute the value of x to the equation.
f(3) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x − 8
f(3) = (3)3 − 2(3)2 + 6(3) − 8
b. Perform the operations using GEMDAS
f(3) = 27 − 2(9) + 18 − 8
f(3) = 27 − 18 + 18 − 8
Therefore, f(3) = 19

Exercise 1. Based on examples above, evaluate the following function according to the
given condition. Show your complete solutions in the space provided on the next page.
1. Given f(x) = −4 − 5x, evaluate the following:
a. f(0)
b. f(−2)
2. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1
a. f(1)
b. f(−3)

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ACTIVITY 6. EXPLORING WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

Analyze how the given problems are solved. Perform the procedure to solve the next
problems.
Example 1:
You ride a taxi to go to the supermarket. The taxi charges a flat rate of ₱40.00 and an
additional ₱13.00 per kilometer. Construct a mathematical model that represents the
relationship between the distance and fare. How much will you pay when you reach the
supermarket if it is 15 km from your house?
a. Let x = distance in km
y or f(x) = fare (the fare is dependent to the distance traveled)

b. Construct the mathematical model or equation.

The fare is 40.00 plus 13.00 for every kilometer
Therefore, y = 40 + 13x or
f(x) = 40 + 13x
c. Since the distance is 15 km, then x = 15.
d. Evaluate the function.
f(x) = 40 + 13x
f(15) = 40 + 13x
f(15) = 40 + 13(15)
f(15) = 40 + 195
f(15) = 235
Therefore, you will pay ₱235.00.

Example 2:
The function for the height of an object dropped from a 120-meter tall platform at x
seconds is approximated by f(x) = −5(x)2 + 120. What is the height of the object after 2
seconds?
a. The mathematical model or equation is given.

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x = time in seconds

f(x) = height of the object in meters

f(x) = −5(x)2 + 120
b. Evaluate the function given that x = 2
f(x) = −5(x)2 + 120
f(2) = −5(2)2 + 120
f(2) = −5(4) + 120
f(2) = −20 + 120
f(2) = 100
Therefore, the height of the object after 2 seconds is 100 meters.

Exercise 1. Construct a mathematical model for the following real-life situations. Write
your answer inside the box below.
1. Jack started selling snacks in the nearby school. In a day, he spends ₱250.00 for rent
and ₱20.00 for each snack item he prepares. Express the situation as a function where
x represents the number of snacks and f(x) is his daily expenses.
2. An internet café has a flat rate of ₱12.00 for the first hour of surfing and playing. An
additional ₱5.00 is charged for every hour in excess afterwards. Express the situation as
function where x is the number of hours and 𝑓(𝑥) is the rental fee.

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Exercise 2. Solve the following problems. Show your neat and complete solutions in the
box provided below.
1. Jack started selling snacks in the nearby school. In a day, he spends ₱250.00 for rent
and ₱20.00 for each snack item he prepares.
a. How much are his expenses if he prepares 50 snack items?
b. How much are his expenses if he prepares 200 snack items?
2. An internet café has a flat rate of ₱12.00 for the first hour of surfing and playing. An
additional ₱5.00 is charged for every hour in excess afterwards.
a. How much will you pay if you spent 7 hours in the internet café?
b. How much will you pay if you spend 1 hour each day for 7 days?
c. Which of the two (a or b) lets you spend less? Why?

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PROBLEM SET. “LET’S TRY!” WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

This time you are very much prepared to accomplish the final assessment for this module.
You go back to page 1, “Let’s Prepare” for the reminders and rubrics and be able to apply
the skills learned in the lessons given.
1. If f(x) = 4x 3 − 6x 2 + 1, evaluate the following:
a. f(0)
b. f(−3)
c. f(2)
2. Your family will be attending a family reunion at a particular beach resort. To avoid the
hassle, you consider renting a car that charges a flat rate of ₱2500 plus ₱180 per
kilometer.
a. Construct a mathematical model where x represents the distance in kilometers.
b. How much would you pay for the rented car if you traveled 28 kilometers?
3. The revenue of surgical masks sold is ₱1.50 per item sold.
a. Write a function f(x) for the revenue where x is the number of items sold,
b. What is the total revenue if 2360 surgical masks were sold?
4. A smartphone postpaid plan costs ₱800.00/month with unlimited calls to all network
and 1000 text messages per month. After 1000 text messages, it costs ₱0.50 for each
text message you will send.
a. Express the total cost as a function 𝑓(𝑥) where x is the total number of text
messages you sent for a month.
b. How much will it cost if you send 2000 text messages?
5. Make a model of the following table of values. Find y if x is 6.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y or f(x) -2 1 4 6 10
6. Make a model of the following table of values. Find y if x is 6.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y or f(x) 2 8 18 32 50
7. Express the area of a square as a function f(x) where x is the length of the side of the
square. Find the area of the square if x = 12 units.
8. Express the area of a circle as a function f(x) where x is the diameter of the circle.
What is the area of the circle if x = 20 units.
2x−5
9. Given the function f(x) = , evaluate the following:
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a. f(0)
b. f(−2)
c. f(12)
10. The fare rate for the jeepney ride is ₱9.00 for the first kilometer and ₱1.50 for every
kilometer thereafter.

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a. Write a mathematical model from the given situation where x represents the
total distance traveled in kilometers,
b. How much will you pay when you reach your school which is 27 kilometers away
from your house?

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