A pH meter has a membrane that allows acidic ions (H+) to pass through it

creating a voltage.

pH meters consist of a probe that is connected by a wire to a meter that gives

you the readout of the pH.

A pH meter is a device that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid.

The meter associates each voltage with a particular pH value.

The higher the concentration of acid, the more ions that will pass through the
membrane, thereby changing the voltage.

This voltage change results in a higher pH value.

You can also measure the pH using test strips or pH indicator fluids, although
there are advantages of using a pH meter.

While pH meters are a little more difficult to use because they must be
calibrated and maintained, once they are properly calibrated, they measure
more accurately than a test strip or other method of pH measurement.

The number of hydrogen ions is quantified by the meter, which is essentially a

volti meter and is a lot more sensitive than other methods

Advantages of Using a pH Meter

 it is portable
 can easily be used in the field.
 Accuracy
 Objectivity

Reading a pH meter is much less subjective than reading a color strip or a pH indicator.
Color strips and indicators can give a range of colors and be subject to being read
differently by different observers and are completely limiting for color-blind individuals.

Precision
pH meters are much more precise than other methods of pH measurement and
are able to measure down to the 0.01th of pH unit. There are pH test strips that
cover ranges smaller than 0 to 14 (e.g., 3-6) which can give a more accurate
level of detail than standard strips, but these are still not as accurate as a pH
meter
pH meters offer the advantage of not being disposable. Aside from having to
occasionally purchase calibration standards and probe storage solutions once
you make the initial purchase, you can measure as many pH values as you
desire. Each time you measure pH using another method, you will have to
replenish your supply.

Disadvantages
The cost of the meter is significantly higher than using test strips.

It needs to be cleaned regularly to avoid contamination.

Most probes have a glass tip that may break or become damaged if exposed to
corrosive chemicals.

Accuracy of the pH meter

A pH meter usually has a computer or a digital user interface.

You can calibrate it by using standardized buffers which allow the meter to
associate a particular voltage with a pH value.

There are subtle differences between pH meters, but they are generally
accurate at least to the hundredths place.

These meters can be sensitive to ion interference, from various ions in the
solution you are testing, and may drift from their calibrated position after some
time.

As long as you treat them with care, calibrate them regularly, maintain them
according to the manufacturer's recommendation, and store them correctly,
you can expect a pH meter to be accurate and durable.
How to Measure Conductivity
Measuring conductivity in a solution is an important parameter used to
determine the quality of that solution. Conductivity can be affected by
temperature, pollution and organic materials; therefore it is important to keep
the solution away from as much contamination as possible while allowing it to
achieve room temperature. In order to measure conductivity, a conductivity
meter and probe are used. The meter and probe provide an electrical voltage to
the solution that is being measured. A drop in voltage indicates electrical
resistance, which is converted for a conductivity measurement.

 Remove the cover from the probe. Most probes may have clear or
plastic cover that protects the electrodes.
 Turn the meter on by pressing the “on” button.
 Place probe in the solution that you are measuring. Some probes will
have a line that shows how far to immerse the probe into the solution.
 Compensate temperature. Most meters will come with an automatic
temperature compensation feature, but if not, you may need to input the
temperature.
 Stir the solution with the probe. Adequate movement is needed for the
meter to select the range appropriate for the value being measured.
 Take desired measurement. Some meters may blink and become stable
after they get a value.
 Turn the meter off. Turning the meter off after the solution is measured
can save the meter's battery life.
 Rinse the probe with distilled water and replace the cap. Cleaning the
probe can prevent contamination, and the cap keeps the probe from
being damaged.