‫‪áaô©ŸG ™ªà› ƒëf‬‬

‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻳﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺻــﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺳـﻊ‬

‫‪á``«``fhô``à`μdE’G á`eƒ``μ◊G‬‬
 ,IOÉÑY ¬Ñ∏Wh ,á«°ûN ˆ ¬ª∏©J ¿EÉa º∏©dG Gƒª∏©J{
,ábó°U ¬ª∏©j ’ øe ¬ª«∏©Jh ,OÉ¡L ¬æY åëÑdGh ,í«Ñ°ùJ ¬à°SGQOh
záHôb ¬∏gCG ¤EG ¬dòHh
{‫}ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪ô```````````````jó```````````°ü```````J‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ؛‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﳕﺮ ﺍﻵﻥ ﲟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﺠﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺿﺌﻴﻼﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺎ ﹰ‬

‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻇﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﳊـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺜﺒﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺒﻄﺊ ‪ -‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺯ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﻻ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻖ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺂﻟﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺠﻬﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﺪﺭﻙ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ ﹰ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲡﺎﺑﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﳕﻮﻩ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﲟﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ ﻹﻗﺎﻣـﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺇﻧﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪ -‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻘﺔ ‪ -‬ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ‪ . .‬ﺣﺮﺻﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺪ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻟﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻓﺮﺯﺗﻬﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻼﹰ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻧﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ‬
‫‪ô```````````````jó```````````°ü```````J‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ )ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ( ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﲡﺎﻭﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳـﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻃﻴﺐ‬

‫ﻁ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪º```````````````jó```````````≤```````J‬‬

‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎ ﹰ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﹰ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺨﻄﻰ ﺣﺜﻴﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﺻﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻼﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺠﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺲ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻻﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﹰ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹰ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬

‫ﻙ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺣﺮﺯﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻜﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺿﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺗﻲ ﺛﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻀﺎﻓﺮ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﲟﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ »ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ« ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻟﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺿﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻝ‬
‫‪º```````````````jó```````````≤```````J‬‬

‫ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﺹ ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﺒﻴﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﳌﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﺮﺹ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍ ﹰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ »ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ« ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﲟﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤـﻤـﺪ ﻧــﻮﺭ ﺑــﻦ ﻳـﺎﺳـﲔ ﻓـﻄـﺎﻧـﻲ‬

‫ﻡ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á```````````````eó```````````≤```````e‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪. . .‬‬

‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍ ﹰ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻳﺴﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﺮﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﺒﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ )ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮﻛﻬﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﻛﺪﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﻭﺟﻨﺮﺍﻝ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﳕﻮﺍ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﳕﻮﺍ ﹰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻇﻞ ﺣﺒﻴﺴﺎ ﹰ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﺴﺮﺕ ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺪﺍﻩ ﻭﻟﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻐﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﺷﺌﻨﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺱ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﺑﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﺎ ﹰ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺭﻫﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺣﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺑﺲ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻄﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﺗﺎﺣﺖ ﻟﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺻﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ‪ ٪٨٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻃﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻉ‬
‫‪á```````````````eó```````````≤```````e‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻼﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺘﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﺄﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺎ ﹰ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻇﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟـﻢ ﻋﺼـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺗﻬﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺸﺮﻑ ﺃﻋﺒﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (Digital Divide‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺳﻔﺮﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ )‪ (Quantum Divide‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﺃﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ )‪ (Chaos‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻗﺎﺑﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻑ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺟﺄﺓ )‪ (Science of Surprise‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻠﻖ ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ٨٥٥‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ٪١٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ‪ ٪٩٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٥٥٠٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻧﺤﻮ ‪ ٪٨٦‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻮﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٪١٠‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ )ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻬﻤﻴﺶ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﺬﻝ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻟﺘﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﱈ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﻛﺔ ﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻞ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻼﻙ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻛﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺹ‬
‫‪á```````````````eó```````````≤```````e‬‬

‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﻓﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻻ ﻧﻔﺰﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻧﺘﺨﺎﺫﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻌﺪ ‪‬ﺎﺑﻬﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﳕﻮﻩ ﻭﺇﺛﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻮﻃﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ )ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ( ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ( ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﲡﺎﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻕ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻃﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﲟﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﻲ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔـﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳊـﻞ ﻣﺸﻜـﻼﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺳﺒﻼﹰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪ e-Work‬ﺃﻭ ‪ Teleworking‬ﺃﻭ ‪ (Work at Home‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺺ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺫﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﻣﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪ . .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﳕﺎﻃﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻻ ﺗﻬﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﳕﺎﻃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺰﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ )ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ( ﺗﺘﻮﺧﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﹰ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﹰ‬

‫ﺭ‬
‫‪á```````````````eó```````````≤```````e‬‬

‫ﲟﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﻹﺭﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ )ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ ﹰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﹰ‬
‫ﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﲔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺎﺅﻧﺎ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺒﺮﺍﺀ ‪ -‬ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺤﺮﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺪ ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺤﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﻴﻢ ﺻﺮﺡ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻟﻴﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﹰ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻳﻨﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ »ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻴﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﳊﻮﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ« ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ‪. .‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻼﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺵ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G äÉ`````©````eÉ``````é``dG‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘــﻮﻳــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺗـﺼــﺪﻳـــﺮ‬

‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺗـﻘـــﺪﻳــﻢ‬

‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻣـﻘــﺪﻣــﺔ‬

‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘــﺪﻣــﺔ‬

‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻔـﻴـﺎﺕ‬

‫‪١١‬‬ ‫˚ ﻧـﺒـــﺬﺓ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴــﺔ‬

‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫˚ ﺗـﻄــﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔـﻜـــﺮﺓ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳـﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ‬

‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻹﻋــــــﻼﻥ‬

‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘـﻮﺍﺻـــﻞ‬

‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺎﻣـــﻞ‬

‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﳌﻬــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠـﻮﺑــﺔ‬

‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌـﻮﺍﺻﻠـﺔ‬

‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠـﻔــﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫˚ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬

‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴـــــﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬

‫ﺙ‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘــﻮﻳــﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌــــــﺎﻭﻥ‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﲢـﺪﻳـﺎﺕ ﻭﻓــﺮﺹ‬

‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗــﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴــﺔ‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟـﺜـﻘــــــــﺔ‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴـﺔ‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻵﻣـــــــﺎﻥ‬

‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺸﻔـﺎﻓـﻴــﺔ‬

‫‪٥٢‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬

‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫˚ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫˚ ﺑـﻨـﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠـﻔـﺔ‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫˚ ﻣﻌـﺎﻳـﻴـﺮ ﻣﻮﻗـﻮﺗـﺔ‬

‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﲡـﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺧـﺎﺻـﺔ‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫˚ ﺁﻭﺭﻭﺑــــــــﺎ‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﺮﻧـﺴــﺎ‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫˚ ﺁﺳـــﻴـــــﺎ‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻴــﺎﺑــﺎﻥ‬

‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫˚ ﺃﻓــﺮﻳـﻘـﻴــﺎ‬

‫ﺥ‬
 ‫ﺍﶈﺘــﻮﻳــﺎﺕ‬
‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G äÉ`````©````eÉ``````é``dG‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧـــــــﺪﺍ‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫˚ ﺃﺳﺘـﺮﺍﻟـﻴـﺎ‬

‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫˚ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬

‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬

‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٧٧‬‬ ‫˚ ﺧﻄــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴــﺬ‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫˚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌـﻤـﻠـﻜــﺔ‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫˚ ﻧـﻤــﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤــﻮ‬

‫‪٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌــﺮﺍﺟــﻊ‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉــــﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﺧﺼـﺎﺋـﺺ ﺃﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻜـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘـﺮﻭﻧـﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻜـــﺎﻝ‬

‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬

‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﳕﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺫ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
á```````````eó`````````≤````````ª``dG
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á```````````eó`````````≤````````ª``dG‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻫﻖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻨﺴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ (Parkinson's‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ »ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻴﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺡ«)‪،(١‬‬ ‫)‪Law‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﻣﺒﺮﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻮﻝ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ)‪ .(٤-٢‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻫﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﲔ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺮ )‪ (The Peter Principle‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻳﻈﻞ ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻖ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺗﻪ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺿﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﳌﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺼﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍﹰ؛ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ)‪ .(١٣-٧‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﲟﻘﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬

‫ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺎ)‪(١٥‬؛ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ)‪ (١٦‬ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻮﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﺎﺿﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺀﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻔﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺰﻭﻍ ﻓﺠﺮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺟﺰﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(١٧)(١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪á```````````eó`````````≤````````ª``dG‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬

‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌـﺪﻧـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌــﻮﺍﻃــﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋــﻤــﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊـﻜـﻮﻣـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌـﻮﻟـﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴــﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺸﺠﻊ‬

‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻐﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻛﺄﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﳒﺤﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﺖ ﺑﻨﻜﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻓﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺩﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻢ )‪ (com or dot com.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻈﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﺕ ﻛﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﺨﻠﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪،‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺑﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺋﻼﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﺟﺮ ﻳﺘﻜﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﲔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺼﺨﺼﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪iôNC’G QÉ°†ŸG øeh‬‬

‫)‪(١٩-١٨‬‬

‫˚ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺪ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪á```````````eó`````````≤````````ª``dG‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺊ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺳﻤﻴﻚ ﻭﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺻﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺩﺣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺧﺮﻕ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﻤﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻓﻤﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻬﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﻌﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ)‪ .(٢٠‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﻻ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎﹰ؛‬

‫ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺸﺨﺼﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺍ ﹰ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ؛ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫‪äÉ`«Ø∏N‬‬
‫˚ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ ˚ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ˚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
 ‫ﻧﺒـﺬﺓ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢١‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻭﺻﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ )ﺃﻭﻳﺴﺪ( ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﺣﺐ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬

‫‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ »ﺑﻮﻣﺎ« ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬

‫ﲟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ "ﺟﻒ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ "ﺑﻮﻣﺎ"‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ )ﺃﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﳕﺮﻙ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺴﻴﻚ ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ()‪.(٢٢‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﺲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻏﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ)‪:(٢٣‬‬

‫"‪ä’É°üJ’Gh äÉeƒ∏©ŸG äÉ«æ≤J ΩGóîà°SG‬‬

‫‪"π°†aCG áeƒµM ¤EG π°Uƒà∏d á«dBÉc âfÎfE’G á°UÉNh‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﳑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﺔ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ)‪ .(٢٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺄﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﲟﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ)‪:(٢٤‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺃﻣﻼﹰ ﻓﻲ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻦ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ( ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻔﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬

‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺫ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺨﺪﻣﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺫ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫˚‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻳﻜﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ( ﲤﺜﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﳑﺜﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺒﺤﺜﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﺸﻌﺒﺔ)‪:(٢٢‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ )ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ )ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺿﻠﻴﻌﲔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺒﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳑﺜﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ)‪.(٢٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ ﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻲ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻛﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪ .(٢٥‬ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻛﺰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺆﲤﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ )ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ ‪ -‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ )ﻛﻨﻜﻮﻥ ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ )ﺳﻴﻮﻝ ‪ -‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ "ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ")‪.(٢٦‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﺴﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪،‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺳﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺳﻴﺪ؛ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ)‪.(٢٢‬‬

‫ﺗﻄـﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ؛ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪ .(٢٨‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺑﹸﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺻﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ؛ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻏﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺒــــﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜــﻮﻣـــﺔ ﺍﻹﻛﺘـﺮﻭﻧـﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻟـــﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺳـــﺘـــﺮﺍﻟـــﻴـــﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﹰ‬
‫· ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻛﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﻨﻮﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﳌﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻵﻣﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـــﻨـــﻤـــﺴـــﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫· ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛــــﻨــــــــــــــﺪﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻼ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫· ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫· ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫· ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪.‬ﹰ‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻜﺮﺳﺔ ﻟﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟــﺼــﻴــــــــﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ‪:‬‬

‫· ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﻟــــــﺪﳕــــــﺮﻙ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫· ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫· ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﳕﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓــــﻨــــﻠــــﻨــــﺪﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫· ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﺸﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫· ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓـــــﺮﻧـــــﺴـــــﺎ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪﺕ ”ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ“ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫــــــﻮﱋ ﻛـــﻮﱋ ﻧﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ”ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪٢١‬؛ ‪ “٢٠٠١‬ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﺤﺘﺬﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ”ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ“‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـــــﻴـــــﺎﺑـــــﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫· ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫· ﻧﻈﻤﺎ ﹰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻧــﻴــﻮﺯﻳــﻠــﻨــﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻳﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻌﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫· ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ )ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ( ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﺯﻳﻠﻨﺪﻳﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﻨــﻐــﺎﻓــﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ”ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ“ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪:‬‬
‫· ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺰﺍ ﹰ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫· ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣـــﺮﻳـــﻜـــﻴـــﺔ‬
‫· ﻧﻈﻢ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫· ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫· ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻗﲔ ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺟـﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌـﺮﻳـﻒ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﺃﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ .(٢‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ)‪:(٢٧‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃـﻦ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﲔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜـﻮﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠـﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺭﺑﺤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﶈﻠـﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌــﻮﺍﻃــﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋــﻤـــﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃـﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‪ :‬ﺗـﻮﻓـﺮ ﺍﻟـﺪﻓـﻊ ﺍﻟـﺬﺍﺗـﻲ ﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳـﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ﻭﻓﺘـﺢ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘـﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﳌﺸﺘـﺮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ؛‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﲟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻴـﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺘـﺢ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘـﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ؛‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﲟﻨﺎﻗﺼـﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴـﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄـﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺭﺑﺠﻴﺔ‬

‫)ﺍﳋﻴﺮﻳﺔ( ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﲔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ )ﺍﳋﻴﺮﻳﺔ( ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪äÉ````«````Ø````∏````N . . ∫hC’G π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌــﻌــﺎﻣــﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺒــﺎﺷــﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗـﺼـــــــﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌــﻠــﻮﻣــــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻨـــﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻃــﻠــﺐ ﻣــﻌــﻠــﻮﻣــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﻠـﺐ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻧــــﻘــــﺎﺵ ﻳــﺘــﻌــﻠــﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺒـﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸـﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳــــﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺗــﺼــﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌــﺒــﺎﺷــﺮﺓ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣـــﻊ ﺍﻟــﺴــﻴــﺎﺳــﻴــﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃـﻦ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺧـﺺ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳــــــﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟـــﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊـــﻜـــﻮﻣـــﺔ‬
‫ﻟــﻠــﻤــﻮﺍﻃــﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌــــﻮﺍﻃــــﻦ‬
‫ﻟــﻠــﺤــﻜــﻮﻣــﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻃﻠـﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻃـﻠـﺐ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻳـﺘـﻌﻠـﻖﺑـﺎﻟـﻌﻤـﻠـﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊـــﻜـــﻮﻣـــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘـﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊـﻴـﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳــــــﺔ ﻟــﻸﻋــﻤــﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺧﺺ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟـــﻸﻋـــﻤـــﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧـﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘـﺠـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗـﺼـﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋــــﻤــــﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴـﺎﺑــﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘــﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻊ ﺍﻟــﺴــﻴــﺎﺳــﻴــﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟــﻠــﺤــﻜــﻮﻣــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪..‬ﺇﻟﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﻌــﻤــﻞ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒـﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠـﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘـﻮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬـﺮﻣﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔــﺔ؛ ﺍﺟﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌــﻌــﺮﻓــﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘــﺎﺵ؛ ﻭﺍﻻﺗـﺼـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺗـﺨـﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟــﻘــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑــﺨــﺼــﻮﺹ ﻗــــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑــﺮﺍﻣــﺞ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـﺨﺘﻠـﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘـﻮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣـﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳊـــﻜـــﻮﻣـــﺔ ﺑــﺎﻟــﻘــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳــــﺔ‬
‫ﻟــﻠــﺤــﻜــﻮﻣــﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـــﻘـــﻮﺍﻧـــﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿـــﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﻌــﻤــﻞ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗــﺒــﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـﻮﻛـﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧــﻘــﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺗــﺼــﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌــﻌــﺮﻓــﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟــﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﻔـﺎﻭﺿـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑــﺨــﺼــﻮﺹ ﻗــــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳــﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺠﻼﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊـــﻜـــﻮﻣـــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗـــﻮﺍﻧـــﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑــﺮﺍﻣــﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟــﻼﺭﺑــﺤــﻴــﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟــﻼﺭﺑــﺤــﻴــﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊــﻜــﻮﻣــﺔ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻳـــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﻌــﻤــﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑـﻴـﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒـﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴـﺎﺳـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـﻮﻇﻔـﻴـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺨـﺎﺹﺍ‪‬ـﺘﻠﻔـﻴـﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣـﻠـﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻠـﻘــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﻘــﺎﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌـﻠـﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌـﺮﻓـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﺑـﺨـﺼـﻮﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤـﺔ ﺍﳌـﺒـﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌـﻔـﺎﻭﺿــﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺗــﺨــﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻘــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻔـﺎﻋـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔـﻴـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑـﻴــﺎﻧـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊـــﻜـــﻮﻣـــﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﻴـــــﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒـﻞ ﺍﻟـﻮﻇـﻴﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬
á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG

á«fhεdE’G áeƒµ◊G øjƒµJ

‫˚ ﺍﻹﻋـــــﻼﻥ ˚ ﺍﻟﺘـــﻮﺍﺻــــﻞ ˚ ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌــﺎﻣــﻞ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳉﺄﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻻﻗﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ)‪ .(٢٩‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ‬

‫ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻘــﻴــــــﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟـﺘــﻌـــــﺎﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﺍﻛـــﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧـﻴــﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺨﻄﻄﻮﻥ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ .(٣١-٣٠‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺑﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﳒﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺣﻲ ﳌﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺳﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻛﻠﻔﺖ ﲟﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﲢﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ‬

‫ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ؛‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺑﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺣﺘﻰ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫‪á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﺓ ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬

‫ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﳋﺒﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ؛ ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﺼﺎﻧﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﲔ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺻﺎﻧﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺅﻯ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺑﺠﻼﺀ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻋـــﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؛ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻼﺣﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺕ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ ﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺸﺪ‬

‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺪ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻨﻨﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﱈ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻣـﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﳌﻜﺴﻴﻚ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ "ﻛﻮﻣﺒﺮﺍﻧﺖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻃﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺑﻴﺮﻭ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺭﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﲢﺴﲔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫‪á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻹﻣـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑـﻴﺔ ﺍﳌـﺘﺤـﺪﺓ ‪ -‬ﺩﺑـﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻏﺎﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻏﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺟﻮﻫـﺎﻧﺴﺒﺮﺝ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺸـﺮ ﺗﻘـﺎﺭﻳـﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ »ﺟﻮﺩﻳﺲ«‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰﺭﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻳﺎﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻋﺒﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ؛ ﲟﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﻭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫˚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺷﺤﲔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻮﺍﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﺀ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴـﺆﺍﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﺑﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﻋﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ‬

‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ‬

‫ﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﻔﻮﻓﲔ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺷﻜﺎﻭﻯ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺧﺒﲔ ﻭﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻌـﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬

‫ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺠﻮﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﺰ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻹﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺭﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻮﺳﺘﺎﺭﻳﻜﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻴﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻮﺍﺗﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻮﺍﺗﻴﻤﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺎﻓﺴﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬـﻨـﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻮﻳﺲ )ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻴﺠﺎﻳﻮﺍﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ(‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺎﻳﻮﺍﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫‪á`«fhô`à`µdE’G á`eƒ`µ`◊G ø`jƒ`µ`J . . ÊÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﺬﺭﺍ ﲟﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺵ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺷﺎﻭﻯ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫–‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻜﻮﻳـﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴـﺔ ˚ ﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄـﻠﻮﺑـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻠـﺔ‬
‫˚ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ˚ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ˚ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ˚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ ˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ˚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
 ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻬﻴﺊ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻛﺸﺎﻙ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ؛ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺑﲔ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻤﺎﻳﻜﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﺄﻓﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌـﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠـﻮﺑـﺔ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ؛‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ)‪.(٣٢-٢٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﻜﺔ‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﺽ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻼﺋﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺒﺮﺓ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ)‪.(٢٠‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺄﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﲔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺼﲔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺘﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺬﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٨‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻀﺎﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﲡﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﹰ ﺷﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺭﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻟﻦ‬

‫ﻳﺒﺴﻂ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ ﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﱋ ﻛﻮﱋ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺩﻟﻴﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺼﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺮﺕ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ؛ ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻮﻟﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﰎ ﻭﺿﻊ‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﻭﺛﺎﺋـﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤـﻮﺙ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺰ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ؛ ﻓﺒﺪﻻﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬

‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻬﻼﹰ ﻭﻣﻴﺴﻮﺭﺍ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺃﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﻛﻔﺆ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻜﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﺗﺎﻛﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﲔ‬

‫ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺇﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻴــﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﹰ ﻓﻌﺎﻻﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﳒﺎﺣﻬﺎ)‪ (٢٩‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻭﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ؛ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ‪:‬ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻼﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺠﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‪ :‬ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻷﱈ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻗﻔﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺇﻓﺴﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺃﻭﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛـﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺇﻓﺴﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻬﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ :‬ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﻧﺴﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﳌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٣‬‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪á«fhεdEG áeƒµM ¤EG á«eƒµ◊G äÉYÉ£≤dG πjƒ– . . ådÉãdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫–`‪¢Uô```ah äÉ``jó‬‬
‫˚ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧـﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴـﺎﺳـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻣـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟـﺘـﻔـﺮﻗـﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗـﻤﻴـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺜـﻘـﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺜـﻘــﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺸﻔـﺎﻓﻴـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳـﻖ ˚ ﻣﺸﻜﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ˚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ˚ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ˚ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴـﺮ ﻣﻮﻗـﻮﺗـﺔ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
‫‪¢Uô``````ah äÉ`````jó````ë``J . . ™```HGô```dG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﺘـﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻴﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﻛﻔﺆ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪ :‬ﺳﺠﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﹰ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻻﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺃﺻﻼﹰ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﻘﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ‬

‫‪٤٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﺎﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؛ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎﻑ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﻬﻢ)‪.(٢٩‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺰﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰﻳﻦ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﻣﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻮﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻋﺪﺓ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻗﻔﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻹﻓﺴﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺩﺭﺷﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻛﺸﺎﻙ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﻄﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫»ﻏﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺎﹰ« ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻢ »ﻣﻌﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺎﹰ« ﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﻲ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪¢Uô``````ah äÉ`````jó````ë``J . . ™```HGô```dG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﺒﻞ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﲔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﲔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺟﻴﺎﻧﺪﻭﺕ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺜـﻘــﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻈﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ؛ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﻐﻔﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺠﺘﺎﺯﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﺣﻴﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﻳﺜﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲡﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ؛ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻯ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻮﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺪﺭ ﺇﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺈﻃﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪á``«`°Uƒ`°üÿG‬‬
‫ﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺑﻨﻤﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻋﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﲟﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻳﺤﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺇﻗﺤﺎﻡ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪ .(٣٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪﺍ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪¿É```````eC’G‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﲟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺩﻓﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺰﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪¢Uô``````ah äÉ`````jó````ë``J . . ™```HGô```dG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﻟﻺﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﻷﺧﺬ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻬﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺒﺊ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺒﺮ )ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ( ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ »ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻮﺍﺳﻴﺔ« )ﺇﻳﺲ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻠﻮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺨﻴﻼﺗﻬﻢ ﺷﻜﻮﻛﺎ ﹰ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﺟﺲ ﻻ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺠﺐ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﳌﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﻣﺠﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳊﻜﻮﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻟﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲤﺲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؛ ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺳﺒﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳒﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﳒﺎﺡ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺤﺠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ )ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻲ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻔﻲ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٢‬‬
‫‪¢Uô``````ah äÉ`````jó````ë``J . . ™```HGô```dG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺷﻦ ﺣﻤﻼﺕ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺩﺑﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻤﺎﻳﻜﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﲟﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺠﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻭﺍﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺨﺸﻰ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﺨﺎﻑ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺗﻮﺭﻃﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ؛‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﻮ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﲔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ)‪.(٢٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻛﺸﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬

‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﲟﺸﻘﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺟﻴﺎﻧﺪﻭﺕ ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ)‪:(٢٩‬‬

‫˚ ﻫﻨﺪﻭﺭﺍﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﻛﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻒ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻﹰ ﻟﻺﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﺒﻼﹰ‬
‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
‫‪¢Uô``````ah äÉ`````jó````ë``J . . ™```HGô```dG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﺗﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺻﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﺗﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ؛ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﰎ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺧﺒﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺒﲔ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﱈ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ)‪.(٣٤‬‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG

١٦٢
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫‪á`°UÉ`N ä’É`Mh ÜQÉ`é`J‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ˚ ﺁﻭﺭﻭﺑـــﺎ ˚ ﺁﺳﻴــﺎ ˚ ﺃﻓـﺮﻳﻘـﻴـﺎ ˚ ﺃﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟـﻴﺎ‬
‫˚ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳋـﻠﻴـﺞ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺑـﻲ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٥٣‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ؛ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻓﺮﺧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٢‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ؛ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﺌﺬ ﺭﻛﺰﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳌﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ)‪ .(٣٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ)‪.(٣٥‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ؛‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ)‪:(٣٦‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻃﻔﺮﺓ ﲢﺴﻦ ﻛﺒﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻬـﺔ ﻹﳒـﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋـﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺋـﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃـﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺴـﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﻬﻴـﻞ ﺍﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲡﺎﻭﺑﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ؛ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺳﻬﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺴﺮ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ؛ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﺁﻣﻨﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬

‫ﺃﻏﺰﺭ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﺎ ﹰ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺛﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻃﺮﻗﺎ ﹰ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪٦٠‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﳊـﻜــﻮﻣــﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌـﻮﺍﻃـﻨـﻴـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋــﻤــﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟـﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﻟﺖ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪ ٪٧٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ ﺯﺍﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ؛ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻃﻔﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ)‪ .(٣٧‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺆﺩﻯ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٣٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٪٦١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٪٧٠‬ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫˚ ‪ ٪٦٨‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٪٦٢‬ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٪٦٠‬ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻳـﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘـﺮﺍﻃﻴـﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻧﻬـﺎ ﻫﺎﻣـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻗـﺐ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨـﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻼﻉ ﺭﺃﻱ)‪:(٣٨‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٪٦٢‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﺆﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٤٢‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺦ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲟﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰎ‬

‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮﻳﺔ؛ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳌﻴﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲟﻴﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ )‪(eBusiness‬‬
‫ﻹﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪٦٢‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﻨﻬـﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻄـﺎﻉ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺧﻄﻂ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﺩﻳﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺠﻼﺀ ﺃﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﳌﻴﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﳝﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٢٢‬ﺃﻟﻒ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺐﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫˚ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﻔﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻠﺤـﻮﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺎﺕ؛ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻷﻣـــــﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘـﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻬﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘـﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﲔ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺎ ﹰ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﻫﻮ )‪ ،(Yahoo‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠـﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺆﺛـﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻧﻴـﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٤‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA‬‬ ‫˚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺤﺘﺬﻯ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ )‪ ،(USA Today‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﱈ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ؛ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻔﺖ ﻭﲢﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎﹰ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬

‫‪٦٥‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻫﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻻﹰ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ؛ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻬﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﳝﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ؛ ﻭﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺤﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻼﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺟﺮﻳﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﲢﻘﻖ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﹰ ﻣﺠﺰﻳﺎﹰ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻐـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﳊﺼـﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓ ﺃﺿﻌـﺎﻑ ﺩﺭﺟـﺔ ﲢﺴﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻼﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﻄﻂ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﳉﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻸﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻮﺏ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺹ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫˚ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ‪ . .‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ؛‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻠﺐ ‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ )ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺍ‪‬ﺰﻭﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﺿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻼﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ‪ -‬ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻨﺢ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺢ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴـﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺗـﻮﺍﺻـﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌـﻮﺭﺩ ‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٨‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑـــﺎ‬
‫‪É`````°ù```fô`````a‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺯﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪٢٠٠٧ - ٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺳﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻭ »ﺃﺩﻳﻞ« ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻲ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﺴﻖ؛ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬

‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ)‪ ،(٣٥‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﹰ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ)‪.(٣٥‬‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬
 ‫ﺁﺳـﻴــﺎ‬

‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫‪¿É`````HÉ```«```dG‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﲔ ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻠﻤﺲ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫـﺪﺍﻑ ﻟﻠﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻥ ﻫـﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺠﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻵﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺖ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻓـﺮﻳـﻘـﻴــﺎ‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫‪Gó`````````fGhQ‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ؛ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٩‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺛﺮﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻌـﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺧـﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨـﻲ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ؛ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٢٠‬ﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﺜﺮﻭﺓ؛ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻴﲔ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩ( ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺡ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻐﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧١‬‬
 ‫‪É```«`≤``jô``aCG ܃``æ``L‬‬

‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪٤٠٠‬ﳕﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﹰ ﶈﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻳﺤﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺳـﺘـﺮﺍﻟـﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬
‫‪á``°UÉ``N ä’É```Mh ÜQÉ````é``J . . ¢ùeÉÿG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺧﺒﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬

‫‪»HO - IóëàŸG á«Hô©dG äGQÉeE’G‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ ﺻﺮﺡ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٢٩‬‬

‫‪٧٣‬‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
áµ∏ªŸG ‘ á«fhεdE’G á`eƒµ◊G . . ¢SOÉ°ùdG π°üØdG

ájOƒ©°ùdG á«Hô©dG áµ∏ªŸG ‘ á«fhεdE’G áeƒµ◊G

‫˚ ﺧـﻄـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ ˚ ﻭﺿـﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ˚ ﳕــﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻮ‬
á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG
 ‫ﺧـﻄــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬
‫‪áµ∏ªŸG ‘ á«fhεdE’G á`eƒµ◊G . . ¢SOÉ°ùdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪/٧‬ﺏ‪ ٣٣١٨١/‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪١٤٢٤/٧/١٠‬ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪-‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ( ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪-‬ﻓﺮﺩ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪-‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ(‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺸـﺮﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫˚‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻸﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪٧٧‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫˚ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫˚ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﶈﻔﺰ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻠﻞ‬

‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻃﺮ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﳑﻜﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﹰ ﺷﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ)‪ .(٣٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬
‫‪áµ∏ªŸG ‘ á«fhεdE’G á`eƒµ◊G . . ¢SOÉ°ùdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﳝﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ ١٫٦٢‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﱈ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ)‪ .(٣٤‬ﻭﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﻳﺒﲔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ١٠‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﺈﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٫٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪١٫٦٢ :‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬

‫‪٢٫٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪١٫٥‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٠٫٥‬‬

‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺳﺘـﺮﺍﻟـﻴــﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻴــﻮﺯﻟـﻨــﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺳﻨﻐــﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨــﺮﻭﻳـــﺞ‬

‫ﻛـــﻨـــــﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻣــــﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜـــﻮﻳــﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒـﺤــﺮﻳــﻦ‬

‫ﻟـﺒـــﻨـــﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻗــــﻄــــﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣـــﺼــــﺮ‬

‫ﻋـــﻤــــﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٤‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٩‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﻭﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎ ﹰ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ ﳌﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧـﻤـﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨـﻤـﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﳕﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪(٣٩‬‬

‫ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ؛ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻣــﻌــﻘــﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﻷﻓـﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫·‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ‬ ‫·‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫· ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺎﻣــﻞ‬ ‫· ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺗﻌﺒﺄ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫·‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫·‬
‫ﺍﻟـﻔـﻬـﺮﺳــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻀـﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫·‬

‫ﻋـﺮﺽ ﻓـﻬـﺮﺱ‬ ‫·‬
‫ﺑـﺴـﻴـﻂ‬

‫ﺗﻨـﺰﻳـﻞ ﻧـﻤـﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫·‬

‫ﺿـﺌـﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛــﺎﻣــﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥‬ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﳕﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪áµ∏ªŸG ‘ á«fhεdE’G á`eƒµ◊G . . ¢SOÉ°ùdG π°üØdG‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺜﺮﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ)‪.(٣٩‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺑﻂ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﺧﻴﺼﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻀﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺏ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻃﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨١‬‬
 ‫‪á````«```fhô````à```µ``dE’G á`````eƒ`````µ````ë````dG‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎﹰ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﻋﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﺒﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ)‪.(٣٩‬‬

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