Two Marks

1 What is the purpose of flights in rotary dryers?

2 State the reason for carrying drying operation industrially.
3 Tell the purpose of agitator in a crystallizer.
4 Define nucleation and crystal growth.
5 Why does a natural draft cooling tower have a hyperbolic shape?
6 Explain briefly the theory of humidification.
7 Define the term equilibrium and unbound moisture content.
8 Identify the types of material that can be handled in rotary dryers.
9 State McCabe's A L law of crystal growth
10 What do you understand by the term caking of crystals?
11 Explain the difference between natural and forced type cooling towers.
12 Define wet bulb temperature.

16, 8 & 4 Marks

1 A wet solid of 100 kg is dried from a moisture content of 40 wt% to 10 wt%.
The critical moisture content is 15 wt% and the equilibrium moisture content is
negligible. All moisture contents are on dry basis. The falling rate is considered
to be linear. It takes 5 hours to dry the material in the constant rate period. Find
the duration (in hours) of the falling rate period.
2 In a batch drying experiment, a solid with a critical moisture content of 0.2 kg
H2O/kg of dry solid is dried from an initial moisture content of 0.35 kg H2O/kg
dry solid to a final moisture content of 0.1 kg H2O/kg of dry solid in 5 hr. In the
constant rate regime, the rate of drying is 2 kg H2O/ (m2.h). The entire falling
rate regime is assumed to be uniformly linear. The equilibrium moisture content
is assumed to be zero. Find the mass of the dry solid per unit area in kg/m2.
3 Explain in brief rotary dryer with respect to its construction and working.
4 Explain in brief spray dryer with respect to its construction and working.
5 A crystallizer is charged with 7500 kg of an aqueous solution containing 29.6%
of anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solution is cooled and 5% of the initial
water is lost by evaporation. As a result crystal of Na2SO4.10H2O crystallizes
out. If the mother liquor (after crystallization) is found to contain 18.3%
anhydrous Na2SO4, calculate the yield of crystals and weight of the mother
liquor.
2500 kg of KCl are present in a saturated solution at 80⁰C. The solution is
cooled to 20⁰C in an open tank. The solubility of KCl at 80⁰C and 20⁰C are 55
and 35 parts per 100 parts of water. Assuming water equal to 5% by weight of
solution is lost by evaporation. Calculate the weight of crystals obtained.
6 Explain with a neat sketch Oslo-cooling crystallizer.
7 Explain in brief with a net sketch Swenson-Walker crystallizer.
8 How dryers are classified?
9 Discuss in brief crystal formation
10 An air-water vapor mixture has a dry bulb temperature of 600C and a dew point
temperature of 400C. The total pressure is 101.3 kPa and the vapor pressures of
water at 400C and 600C are 7.30 kPa and 19.91 kPa, respectively. Find (i) The
humidity of air sample expressed as kg of water vapor / kg of dry air is (ii)The
wet bulb temperature Tw for the above mixture would be
11 Explain the working of drum dryer.
12 Name the methods of supersaturation.
13 If the percent humidity of air (30 °C, total pressure 100 kPa) is 24 % and the
saturation pressure of water vapor at that temperature is 4 kPa. Find the percent
relative humidity and the absolute humidity of air.
14 It takes 6 hours to dry a wet solid from 50% moisture content to the critical
moisture content of 15%. How much longer will it take to dry the solid to 10 %
moisture content, under the same drying conditions (the equilibrium moisture
content of the solid is 5% )
15 Explain in brief solubility curves.
16 Explain humidity chart for air-water vapor system.
17 Explain in brief fluidized bed dryer.
18 Explain the mechanism of crystallization.
19 Briefly discuss about mechanical draft cooling towers.