Thinking, Language,

and Intelligence
-Sahra Sidique and Darren Ohiomoba

End of Session Final Project

[Presentation]
Introduction
● Thinking is a fundamental cognitive
process that allows us to reason, solve
problems, make judgments, and form
beliefs.
● Language is a system of communication
using sounds, words, and symbols to
convey meaning.
● Intelligence involves the ability to
learn, understand, and apply
knowledge effectively.
Understanding Thinking and Decision-Making
● Decision-making, on the other hand, entails
choosing the best course of action based on
information, values, and preferences. Both
thinking and decision-making are crucial in
everyday life
● These cognitive processes include :
● Perception
● Attention
● Memory
● problem-solving
Concept Formation and common Cognitive Bias
● Concept formation is a cognitive process where
individuals learn to create classes or
categories, while conceptual thinking
involves subjectively manipulating those
abstract classes.
● concepts allow us to categorize and
distinguish various elements in our
environment
● our brain establishes connections and
associations between these concepts by
experiencing them together repeatedly
 Importance of Concept Formation and
common Cognitive Bias
By being mindful of both the cognitive processes
that shape our understanding of the world and
the biases that can influence our thinking, we
empower ourselves to navigate life's challenges
with greater clarity and rationality.
 Idea Formation
● Idea formation is cognitive process that involves the
generation of thought, or solutions, harnessing
creativity and problem solving techniques as well as
logical thinking and how we act on those thoughts.
● Throughout history, innovative ideas have left a
profound impact on society
● The discovery of penicillin saved countless lives, and
personal computers sparked significant advancements.
Social media reshaped communication, and electric
vehicles aim for a sustainable future. 3D printing
revolutionized industries
 Language and Communication
Language is THE way to communicate
● Beyond communication, language
profoundly shapes our thoughts and
perspectives, influencing how we perceive the
world.
● It is a fundamental cognitive tool that helps
express existing thoughts and helps ideas form.
The language we speak can impact our
understanding of the world.
● Additionally, language plays a crucial role in
shaping cultural values and worldviews.
 Intelligence
● Intelligence is the ability to learn, understand,
reason, adapt, and solve problems effectively
● One influential theory is Spearman's g, that there
is a one general intelligence factor (g)
● Gardner proposed that intelligence consists of
multiple intelligences, each representing
different cognitive abilities
● intelligence is typically measured through
standardized IQ tests such as the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet
Intelligence Scales.
 multiple Intelligences
● Howard Gardner's theory of multiple
intelligences suggests that intelligence is not
a single, fixed entity, but a collection of
distinct abilities.
● Gardner identified eight intelligences:
● Linguistic Intelligence (Using and
understanding language)
● Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (involves
strong analytical and problem-solving
skills)
 multiple Intelligences
● Spatial Intelligence is refers to the ability to
understand spatial relationships
● "Interpersonal Intelligence is refers to the ability
to understand others
● Intrapersonal Intelligence is involves
self-awareness
● Musical Intelligence is refers to sensitivity to
sound, rhythm, and melody
● Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence is involves
physical abilities.
● Naturalistic Intelligence is refers to a deep
understanding of the natural world
Autism's Influence on Communication and Intelligence

● The relationship between autism,

communication, and intelligence is indeed
multifaceted.
● Autistic people may have delayed language
development or struggle with expressive
language.
● While some may have intellectual disabilities,
others exhibit high intelligence.
● Recognizing and nurturing the unique
strengths of individuals with autism is vital
 Learning Disorders
● Learning disorders are conditions that affect
how individuals acquire and process
information, making learning hard.
● Some learning disorders include:
● Dyslexia
● Dyscalculia
● ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder)
● SLI (specific language impairment)
● APD (auditory processing disorder)
● NVLD (non-verbal learning disability)
● Dyspraxia
 Boosting Intelligence
● Evidence-based methods to enhance
cognitive abilities encompass a range
of practices that support brain health
and cognitive function include:
● Continuous Learning
● Healthy Lifestyle Choices
● Cognitive Training
● Stress Management
● Quality Sleep
 Conclusion
● The introduction highlights the significance of thinking, language, and intelligence in human cognition
and behavior.
● The subsequent sections delve into understanding thinking and decision-making, concept formation,
common cognitive biases, idea formation, language and communication, language and communication
disorders, intelligence, multiple intelligences, autism's influence on communication and intelligence,
learning disorders, and ways to boost intelligence
● It explores the complexities of human cognition, the role of language in our lives the diversity of
intelligence and its measurement, and the challenges and strengths associated with autism and learning
disorders.
● Additionally, it emphasizes evidence-based practices for enhancing cognitive abilities
● We hope you learnt a lot from our presentation and you leave with something valuable from this talk!
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