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TENSE  REVISION  
 
I>The  present  continuous  tense  
1.For  things  happening  now  (at  present,  now,  at  the  moment…)  
Eg:  Look!  It’s  raining.  
2.  For  changing  or  developing  situations.  
Eg:    -­‐  It’s  getting  dark.  
             -­‐  Language  is  changing  all  the  time.  
             -­‐  The  weather  is  getting  warmer  these  days.  
 
II>  The  past  continuous  tense  
1>  A  continuous  action  at  a  point  of  time  in  the  past.  
Ex:  We  were  watching  TV  at  9’o  clock  last  night.    
             Tom  was  playing  football  at  8’o  clock  this  morning.  
 2>  A  continuous  action  in  the  past,  during  which  another  action  may  occur.  
Ex:  +  Yesterday,  she  visited  me  when  I  was  working    in  the  garden.    
           +  The  accident  happened    while  he  was  driving  on  the  highway.  
           +  My  sister  was  repairing  her  dress  when  her  friend  came  in.  
3>  The  2  parallel  past  actions  in  progress.  
Eg:  +  When  I  was  painting  the  window,  my  friend  was  repairing  the  tables.  
 
III>  The  simple  past  tense  
1. A  finished  action  in  the  past(with  a  definite  point  of  time).  
Eg:-­‐  We  played  tennis  last  Sunday.  
           -­‐  I  worked  in  London  from  1984  to  1989.  
           -­‐  John  left  two  minutes  ago.  
NOTE:  
 The  past  simple  is  often  used  with  time  expressions:  last  year,  five  years  ago,  
yesterday  morning,  in  1945,  several  days  ago,  many  years  ago,  previous  
week/  year/  month,  at  that  time,  those  days.    
2.  A  successions  of  actions  in  the  past.  
Eg:  James  came  into  the  room.  He  took  off  his  coat  and  sat  down  on  the  bed.  
Suddenly,  he  noticed  somebody  behind  the  curtain.  He  stood  up  and  walked  
slowly  across  the  room.        
 
 
IV>  The  present  perfect  tense  
1. An  action  which  began  in  the  past  and  has  continued  up  to  the  present.  
Eg:     -­‐  They  have  lived  here  for  five  years  now  
  -­‐    The  child  has  been  ill  since  yesterday.  
  -­‐  Mary  has  studied  ballet  since  she  was  a  child.  
2.  An  action  which  happened  at  an  indefinite  time  in  the  past.  
Eg:     -­‐  I’ve  already  read  that  novel  “War  and  Peace”  
  -­‐  John  has  traveled  around  the  world.  
3.  An  action  which  was  repeated  several  times  in  the  past.  
Eg:     -­‐  We  have  seen  the  play  several  times.  
  -­‐  She  has  studied  her  lessons  over  and  over  before  the  exam.  
4.  The  first  of  two  actions  in  the  present  or  future.  
Eg:  -­‐  The  young  scientist  declares  that  he  has  completed  the  experiment  
successfully.      
  -­‐  I  ‘ll  inform  you  after  I’ve  known  the  result.  
NOTES:  
1.  Use  the  present  perfect  with:  ever,  recently,  this    month/year,  in  the  past  
few  years,  in  the  past  decade,  in  the  past  two  days,  in  the  past  six  months,  in  
recent  months/  years..  
Eg:  -­‐Have  you  talked  to  your  boss  in  the  past  two  days?  
           -­‐  The  number  of  tourists  has  increased  a  lot  in  recent  years.    
2.  SINCE  +  A  point  of  time  
       FOR    +  A  period  of  time  
Eg:    Since  8  o’clock  /  Monday  /  1st  April/  March  /  1978  /  Christmas  /  lunchtime.  
For  2  hours  /  3  days  /  a  week  /  a  long  time  /  10  minutes  /  2  years.  
         
     
V>  The  present  perfect  continuous  tense  
1. The  present  perfect  continuous  emphasizes  an  action  in  progress  
especially  when  saying  how  long  something  has  been  happening.  
Eg:    -­‐   -­‐  They  have  been  producing  cars  here  for  10  years.    
  (i.e  They  started  producing  cars  10  years  ago.  They  are  still  producing  
cars)    
  -­‐  I  have  been  trying  to  ring  them  all  day.  (ie  I  started  trying  to  ring  them  
this  morning.  Iam  still  trying  to  ring  them)  
  -­‐  It’s  been  raining  since  I  got  up  this  morning.  
2. TPPContinuous  refers  to  an  activity  with  a  result  in  the  present.  
Eg:     -­‐  I’m  hot  because  I’ve  been  running.  
  -­‐  Her  shoes  are  muddy.  She’s  been  digging  the  garden.  
NOTES:  
1. It  is  unusual  to  find  these  verbs  in  the  PPContinuous:  find,  start,  buy,  
die,  lose,  break,  stop,  like,  love,  know,  have  for  possession.  
Don’t  say:  My  cat’s  been  dying  
We  say  :  My  cat  has  died  
Don’t  say:  I’ve  been  buying  a  new  car.  
We  say:  I’ve  bought  a  new  car            
 
2.If  the  sentence  gives  a  number  or  a  quantity,  the  present  perfect  simple  is  
used.  The  present  perfect  continuous  is  not  possible.  
Eg:  We  say:  I’ve  written  3  letters  today.  
             Don’t  say:  I’ve  been  writing  3  letters  today.  
Eg:  -­‐  I’ve  had  several  boy’s  roles.  
3. We  normally  use  the  present  perfect  simple  for  situations  we  consider  
permanent.  
Eg:  I  have  lived  in  London  all  my  life.  (not:  have  been  living….)  
4. Use  the  present  perfect  →  talk  about  an  action  completed  recently,    
(FINISHED  ACTIVITIES)  
Eg:  By  the  way,  I  have  worked  out  those  figures.  They  are  on  your  desk  now.    
4.Use  the  present  perfect  cont  when  sth  is  still  going  on  (UNFINISHED  
ACTIVITIES)    
Eg:  The  lawyers  have  been  looking  through  the  contract,  but  they  say  they  need  
another  day  to  read  it  all.        
                     
VI>    The  past  perfect  tense  
1.  An  action  which  happened  in  the  past  before  another  past  
action.  
Eg:  -­‐  The  child  had  died  before  he  was  brought  to  hospital.  
-­‐ He  knew  that  he  had  made  a  serious  mistake.  
 
b/  A  completed  action  before  a  definite  point  of  time  in  the  past.  
Eg:    -­‐  By  the  age  of  25,  he  had  written  two  famous  novels.    
             -­‐  The  secretary  had  typed  ten  letters  before  lunchtime  yesterday.            
 
PRACTICE:  
Circle  the  correct  form.  
 
1. I’m  sorry  I  haven’t  (written  /  been  writing)  you  a  letter  before  now.  I’ve  
(worked  /  been  working)  very  hard.  
2. Have  you  (heard  /  been  hearing)  the  news?  Marcus  has  (won  /  been  
winning)  the  music  competition.  
3. I  know  that  opera  well.  I’ve  (seen  /  been  seeing)  it  several  times.  
4. I’ve  (thought  /  been  thinking)  about  taking  piano  lessons  since  I  stopped  
working,  but  I  haven’t  (taken  /  been  taking)  a  class  yet.  
5. Bill  has  (painted  /  been  painting)  the  living  room  all  weekend,  but  he  still  
hasn’t  (finished  /  been  finishing).    
6.    We  are  thinking  about  opening  an  office  in  Warsaw,  so  I  (learn)  Polish  at  
evening  classes  for  the  last  2  months.    
7.  Since  January,  our  turnover  (increase)  by  18%.  
8.  The  film  company  is  a  reasonable  investment.  They  (make)  four  very  
successful  films.  
9.  We  (visit)  potential  sites  for  the  new  workshops,  but  we  haven’t  found  
anything  suitable  yet.  
10.  So  that’s  where  the  order  form  is!  Peter  (look)  for  it  all  morning.  
 
 
 
 
 

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