Laws of Motion and Friction

06
Laws of Motion
and Friction
Force
Force is a push or pull which IN THIS CHAPTER ....
(i) generates or tends to generate motion in a body at rest. Force
(ii) stops or tends to stop a body in motion.
Inertia
(iii) increases or decreases the magnitude of velocity of the moving body.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
(iv) changes or tries to change the direction of a moving body.
Principle of Conservation of
(v) tends to change the shape of the body.
Linear Momentum
Based on the nature of interaction between two bodies, forces may be broadly
classified into two types Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces
(a) Non-contact Forces These are the forces that act between two bodies Common Forces in Mechanics
separated by a distance without any actual contact, e.g. gravitational Connected Motion
force, electrostatic force. Friction
(b) Contact Forces These are the forces that act between two bodies in
contact, e.g. tension, normal reaction, friction, etc.
Inertia
The inability of a body to change by itself its state of rest or state of uniform
motion along a straight line is called inertia of the body.
As inertia of a body is measured by the mass of the body. Heavier the body,
greater the force required to change its state and hence, greater is its inertia.
It is of three types (i) inertia of rest (ii) inertia of motion (iii) inertia of
direction.
136 JEE Main Physics
Example 1. A block of metal weighing 2 kg is resting on a

Newton’s Laws of Motion frictionless plane. It is struck by a jet releasing water at the
According to Newton, there are three laws’ of motion rate of 1 kgs–1 and with a speed of 5 ms–1. The initial
acceleration of the block is
First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) (a) 2 ms–2 (b) 2.5 ms–2 (c) 3 ms–2 (d) 3.5 ms–2
It states that a body continues to be in a state of rest or of
uniform motion along a straight line, unless it is acted Sol. (b) The water releasing from jet striking the block at the rate
of 1 kgs–1 with a speed of 5 ms–1 will exert a force on the block,
upon by some external force to change of state. This is
dm
also called law of inertia. F=v = 5 ´1 = 5 N
dt
If F = 0 Þ v = constant Þ a = 0
Under the action of this force of 5 N, the block of mass 2 kg will
● This law defines force.
move with an acceleration given by
● The body opposes any external change in its state of
F 5
rest or of uniform motion. a = = = 2.5 ms–2
m 2
e.g. When a stationary vehicle suddenly moves, then the
passengers inside the vehicle fall backward. Example 2. A bullet of mass 0.04 kg moving with a speed
of 90 ms -1 enters a having wooden block and is stopped after
Linear Momentum a distance of 60 cm. The average resistive force exerted by the
It is measured as the product of the mass of the body and block on the bullet is
its velocity.
(a) 100 N (b) 270 N (c) 50 N (d) 298 N
The momentum of a body of mass m moving with a
velocity v is given by p = mv. Sol. (b) The retardation a of the bullet is given by
Its unit is kg-ms–1 and dimensional formula is [ML T - 1] u 2 -90 ´ 90
a=- = ms–2 = - 6750 ms–2
2s 2 ´ 0.6
Second Law of Motion The retarding force by the second law of motion is
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly F = ma = 0.04 ´ 6750 = 270 N
proportional to the applied force and takes place in the
direction in which the force acts. According to second law, Note The actual resistive force and therefore, retardation of the bullet
may not be uniform. The answer therefore only indicates the average
dp dp
Fµ or F = k resistive force.
dt dt
where, k is constant. Example 3. A batsman hits back a ball straight in the
dp direction of the bowler without changing its initial speed of
Second law can be written as F = = ma
dt 12 ms -1. If the mass of the ball is 0.15 kg, the impulse
The SI unit of force is newton ( N) and in CGS system is imparted to the ball is [NCERT Exemplar]
dyne. (a) 1.5 Ns (b) 3.6 Ns (c) 7.2 Ns (d) 10.2 Ns
1 N = 105 dyne
Sol. (b) Change in momentum = m Dv
Impulse Given, m = 0.15 kg
It is defined as the product of the average force and the \ Dp = 0.15 ´ 12 - ( -0.15 ´ 12) = 3.6 N s
time for which the force acts. In the direction from the batsman to the bowler.
Impulse, I = Fav t
Example 4. Three forces start acting simultaneously on a
Impulse is also equal to the total change in momentum of particle moving with velocity v. These forces are represented in
the body during the impact. magnitude and direction by the three sides of a DABC (as
Impulse, I = p 2 - p1 shown). The particle will now move with velocity [AIEEE 2003]
Impulse = Change in momentum C
Third Law of Motion

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
i.e. F12 = - F21
Action and reaction are mutually opposite and act on two A B
different bodies. (a) less than v
e.g. Jumping of a man from a boat onto the bank of a (b) greater than v
river, Jerk is produced in a gun when bullet is fired from (c) |v| in the direction of largest force BC
it. (d) v, remaining unchanged
Laws of Motion and Friction 137
Sol. (d) Resultant force is zero, as three forces acting on the If the string is massless, then
particle can be represented in magnitude and direction by three (i) the tension T has the same magnitude at all points
sides of a triangle in same order. Hence, by Newton’s second law, throughout the string.
dv dv dv
F=m Þm =0 Þ =0 (ii) the magnitude of acceleration of any number of
dt dt dt
masses connected through string is always same.
Þ v = constant, hence v remains unchanged.
(iii) if there is friction between string and pulley,
tension is different on two sides of the pulley but if
Principle of Conservation of Linear there is no friction between pulley and string,
Momentum tension will be same on both sides of the pulley.
It states that if no external force is acting on a system, Note (i) If string slacks, tension in string becomes zero.
the momentum of the system remains constant. (ii) The direction of tension on a body or pulley is always away from
If no force is acting, then F = 0 the point of contact.
dp
\ = 0 Þ p = constant The direction of tension (T )in some cases are shown below
dt
or m1v1 = m2v2 = constant (a) m2 m1 F ⇒ m2 T T m
1
Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces T T

(b) m1 ⇒ m1
● If all the forces working on a body are acting on the
same point, then they are said to be concurrent.
● A body under the action of concurrent forces, is said to T
be in equilibrium, when there is no change in the state String is massless
and pulley is T
of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line.
light and smooth m2
● When a particle is at rest or moving with constant
m2
velocity in an inertial frame of reference, the net force
on it, i.e. the vector sum of all the forces acting on it
must be zero.
(c)
i.e. F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 or SF = 0
In component form, SFx = 0, SFy = 0, SFz = 0
Lami’s Theorem Three forces P , Q and R are acting ⇒ T2 T1
on a body are in equilibrium, if T3
P
m1 m1 T4
β
R γ m2 m2
α
String is not massless and there is
Q
friction between pulley and string
P Q R
= =
sin a sin b sin g Example 5. System shown in figure is in equilibrium and at
rest. The spring and string are massless, now the string is cut.
Common Forces in Mechanics The acceleration of masses 2m and m, just after the string is cut
will be
(i) Tension (T )
When a body is connected through a string or rope, a
force may act on the body by the string or rope due to the
tendency of extension. This force is called tension.
2m
O T A
T m
B (a) g/2 upwards, g downwards

(b) g upwards, g/2 downwards
(c) g upwards, 2g downwards
(d) 2g upwards, g downwards
Sol. (b) Before cutting the string, free body diagrams of masses m where, k = spring constant and x = change in length of
and 2m are given as the spring.
F = kx F = kx
kx T (Tension) L L +x L–x
k = force constant
of spring m m m
2m m
Spring in natural Spring in the condition Spring in the condition
length of elongation of compression
2mg T mg (a) (b) (c)
Þ T + 2mg = kx …(i)
T = mg …(ii) (iv) Weight of a Body in a Lift
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Earth attracts every body towards its centre. The force of
attraction exerted by the earth on the body is called
mg + 2mg = kx
gravity force. If m be the mass of the body, then the
Þ kx = 3mg …(iii)
gravity force on it is mg. Normally, the weight of a body
After cutting the string, free body diagrams of masses m and 2m is equal to the gravity force, w = mg.
are given as
● If lift is accelerating upward with acceleration a, then
T=0 kx apparent weight of the body is R = m( g + a ).
m a 2m a ● If lift is accelerating downward at the rate of
acceleration a, then apparent weight of the body is
R = m( g - a ).
mg 2mg
● If lift is moving upward or downward with constant
After cutting the string, mass m starts freely falling with velocity, then apparent weight of the body is equal to
gravitational acceleration ( g ). actual weight, i.e. R = mg .
i.e. a¢ = g ● If the lift is falling freely under the effect of gravity
Equation of motion for mass 2m, ( g = a ), then it is called weightlessness condition ( R = 0).
kx - 2mg = 2ma¢¢
Þ 3mg - 2mg = 2ma¢¢ [from Eq. (i)] Connected Motion
Þ mg = 2ma¢¢ When two objects of masses m1 and m2 tied at the ends of
g an inextensible string which passes over the light and
Þ a¢¢ =
2 frictionless pulley. Suppose m1 > m2 , the heavier object
m1 moves downward and lighter object m2 moves
(ii) The Normal Reaction Force upward.
Normal reaction is a contact force between two surfaces, If a be the common acceleration of two objects, since
which is always perpendicular to the surfaces in contact. pulley is frictionless and light, then the tension in the
string will be same on both sides of pulley.
Example 6. In the above problem, if another block of
mass 2 kg is placed over the first block, the normal reaction
between the first block and the ground surface in new case is
(a) 40 N (b) 60 N (c) 20 N (d) 10 N
Sol. (b) a T
N
T
m2g
N′
M N a
Mg m1g
N - N¢ = Mg For mass m1, equation of motion is, m1 g - T = m1a
Þ N = (M + m) g
Similarly for the mass m2, equation of motion is
Þ N = ( 4 + 2) ´ 10 = 60 N
T - m2g = m2a
(iii) Spring Force æ m - m2 ö
The resistive force developed in spring, when its length is \ a=ç 1 ÷g
è m1 + m2 ø
changed, is called spring force.
æ 2 m1m2 ö
F µ -x Hence, tension (T ) in the string, T = ç ÷g
Spring force, F = - kx è m1 + m2 ø
Example 7. Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 4.8 kg tied to Acceleration, a =

F
a string are hanging over a light frictionless pulley. What is m1 + m2
the acceleration of the masses when lift is free to move ?
(g = 9.8 ms -2) m1F
[AIEEE 2004] and tension, T =
m1 + m2
(iii) Pulley-mass system
(a) Body accelerated on a horizontal surface by a
falling body,
m1
s N
T
m2
m2
Smooth
-2 -2 -2 -2 T
(a) 0.2 ms (b) 9.8 ms (c) 5 ms (d) 4.8 ms m 2g
Sol. (a) On releasing, the motion of the system will be according m1
a
to figure,
m 1g
m1g - T = m1a …(i)
and T - m2g = m2a …(ii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get æ m1 ö
Acceleration, a = ç ÷g
æ m - m2 ö è m1 + m2 ø
a=ç 1 ÷g …(iii)
è m1 + m2 ø æ m1m2 ö
Tension, T = ç ÷g
è m1 + m2 ø
(b) Motion on a smooth inclined plane
N T
a
T T
a T
m2
a m1
m2 g sin θ a
m2 g cos θ
θ
m1 g m1 g
m2 g
æ m - m2 sinq ö
m2g \ a=ç 1 ÷g
è m1 + m2 ø
Here, m1 = 5 kg, m2 = 4.8 kg, g = 9.8 ms-2
m1m2 (1 + sin q ) g
æ 5 - 4.8 ö 0.2 and T =
\ a=ç ÷ ´ 9.8 = ´ 9.8 = 0.2 ms-2 ( m1 + m2 )
è 5 + 4.8 ø 9.8
(c) Body accelerated on a wedge due to a another
Some Important Cases of Connected Motion falling body ( m2 > m1 )
(i) Motion of blocks in contact
B a a
A T
F m2 T
m1
m1 m2
F
Acceleration, a= β
m1 + m2 α Smooth
(ii) Motion of blocks connected by massless m1m2

string T = (sin a + sin b ) g
B m1 + m2
A F
m1
m2 æ m sin b - m1 sin a ö
and a=ç 2 ÷g
è m2 + m1 ø
Example 8. As shown in figure A, B and C are 1 kg, 3 kg

and 2 kg, respectively. The acceleration of the system is
Friction
Whenever an object actually slides or rolls over the
surface of another body or tends to do, a force opposing
the relative motion acts between these two surfaces in
contact. It is known as friction or force due to friction.
B C Force of friction acts tangential to the surfaces in contact.
A Types of friction
60°
External friction Internal friction
(a) 5 ms–2 (b) 4.11 ms–2 (c) 4 ms–2 (d) 5.11 ms–2
Sol. (b) Net pulling force
Static friction Limiting friction Kinetic friction
= mA g sin 60° + mBg sin 60° - mC g sin 30°
3 3 1
= 1 ´ 10 + 3 ´ 10 - 2 ´ 10 ´ = 24.66 N Sliding friction Rolling friction
2 2 2
Total mass being pulled = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6 kg (i) Static friction is a self-adjusting force and is
24.66 always equal and opposite to the applied force.
\Acceleration of the system, a = = 4.11ms–2
6 The static friction between two contact surfaces is
given by fs £ m s N , where N is the normal force
Example 9. A mass of 6 kg is suspended by a rope of between the contact surfaces and m s is the
length 2 m from the ceiling. A force of 50 N in the horizontal coefficient of static friction, which depends on the
direction is applied at the mid-point P of the rope as shown. nature of the surfaces.
The angle that rope makes with the vertical in equilibrium is
(ii) Limiting friction is the limiting (maximum) value
of static friction when a body is just on the verge of
T1
1m starting its motion over the surface of another body.
θ N
P 50 N
Applied
1m T2 force F
w f = µN
60 N
(a) 10° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) 40° The force of limiting friction fl between the
surfaces of two bodies is directly proportional to
Sol. (d) Making the free body diagram of P and w, we T2 the normal reaction at the point of contact.
consider the point of equilibrium of the weight w. Mathematically,
\ T2 = 6 ´ 10 = 60 N f
w fl µ N or fl = m l N Þ m l = l
Consider the equilibrium of the point P under the action N
of three forces, the tensions T1 and T2 and the horizontal 60 N where, m l is the coefficient of limiting friction for
force 50 N. The horizontal and vertical components of the given surfaces in contact.
the resultant force must vanish separately. (iii) Kinetic friction is the opposing force that comes
into play, when one body actually slides over the
T1 surface of another body.
θ Force of friction fk is directly proportional to the
f
50 N normal reaction N and the ratio k is called
P N
coefficient of kinetic m k.
T2
Whenever limiting friction is converted into kinetic
T1 cos q = T2 = 60 N friction, body starts its motion with an abrupt
T1 sin q = 50 N uncontrolled movement.
which gives that ● Sliding friction is opposing force that comes
5
tan q = into play when one body actually slides over the
6 surface of the other body is called sliding friction.
æ5ö
or q = tan -1 ç ÷ = 40° e.g. A book is moving over a horizontal table.
è6ø
● Rolling friction is the opposing force that Sol. (a) Let mass of the block be m.
comes into play, when one body of symmetric
R
shape (wheel or cylinder or disc, etc.) rolls over
the surface of another body. F
Force of rolling friction fr is directly

proportional to the normal reaction N and mg sin 30°
inversely proportional to the radius (r) of wheel. mg mg cos 30°
Thus, 30°
N N
fr µ or fr = m r Frictional force in rest position,
r r
F = mg sin 30°
The constant m r is known as the coefficient of
rolling friction, m r has the unit and dimensions (this is static frictional force and may be
of length. less than the limiting frictional force)
1
Magnitude wise m r << m k or m l \ 10 = m ´ 10 ´
2
Angle of Friction 2 ´ 10
or m= = 2 kg
It is defined as the angle q at which the resultant R of the 10
force of limiting friction fl and normal reaction N ,
subtends with the normal reaction. Example 11. A block of mass m is placed on a surface
The tangent of the angle of friction is equal to the with a vertical cross-section given by y = x3 / 6. If the
coefficient of friction, i.e. m = tan q . coefficient of friction is 0.5, the maximum height above the
N
ground at which the block can be placed without slipping is
R [JEE Main 2014]
1 2 1 1
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
θ 6 3 3 2
fl
Applied force F Sol. (a) A block of mass m is placed on a surface with a vertical
cross-section, then
y
Angle of Repose (a)
If a body is placed on an inclined plane and it is just on the m
point of sliding down, then the angle of inclination of the
plane with the horizontal is called the angle of repose (a).
y
R F θ x
α æ x3 ö
dç ÷
dy è 6 ø x2
mg sin α tan q = = =
mg cos α dx dx 2
mg
α
At limiting equilibrium, we get
In limiting condition, F = mg sina and R = mg cosa m = tan q , 0.5 = x2 / 2
F
So, = tana Þ x2 = 1 Þ x = ± 1
R
F Now, putting the value of x in y = x3 /6, we get
\ = m s = tan a
R When x = 1 When x = -1
Thus, the coefficient of limiting friction is equal to 3
(1) 1 (-1)3 -1
tangent of the angle of repose. \ y= = y= =
6 6 6 6
As well as, a =q
So, the maximum height above the ground at which the block can
i. e. Angle of repose = Angle of friction 1
be placed without slipping is m.
Example 10. A block rests on a rough inclined plane 6
making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The coefficient of
static friction between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the Example 12. Two blocks A and B of masses mA = 1kg and
frictional force on the block is 10 N, the mass of the block (in mB = 3 kg are kept on the table as shown in figure. The
kg) is ( g = 10 m/s 2) [AIEEE 2004]
coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.2 and between B
and the surface of the table is also 0.2.
(a) 2.0 (b) 4.0 (c) 1.6 (d) 2.5
The maximum force F that can be applied on B horizontally, where, m = coefficient of (kinetic) friction between the two
so that the block A does not slide over the block B is (Take, surfaces in contact.
g = 10 m/ s2) [JEE Main 2019] Case II Acceleration of a block sliding down a
A rough inclined plane Let there be an inclined plane
having angle of inclination l, which is more than the
B F
angle of repose a . Then, as shown in figure
N
µN
f=
(a) 12 N (b) 16 N (c) 8 N (d) 40 N
Sol. (b) Acceleration a of system of blocks A and B is a
m
Net force F - f1
a= =
Total mass mA + mB sin mg mg cos
g
m
where, f1 = friction between B and the surface
= m(mA + mB) g
F - m(mA + mB) g N = mg cos l and f = mN = m mg cos l
So, a= …(i)
(mA + mB) \ Net accelerating force down the inclined plane,
Here, m = 0.2 , mA = 1kg, mB = 3 kg, g = 10 ms -2 mg sin l - f = mg sin l - m mg cos l = ma
Substituting the above values in Eq. (i), we have Acceleration, a = g (sin l - m cos l )
F - 0.2(1 + 3) ´ 10 Case III Retardation of a block sliding up a rough
a=
1+ 3 inclined plane In this case, various forces have been
F -8 shown in figure
a= …(ii)
4 N
Due to acceleration of block B, a pseudo force F¢ acts on A.
F
This force F¢ is given by F ¢ = mA a.
m
where, a is acceleration of A and Bcaused by net force acting on B. m
a
For A to slide over B; pseudo force on A, i.e. F¢ must be greater f
m
than friction between A and B. + mg cos
mg
sin
Þ mA a ³ f2 m
g
We consider limiting case,
mA a = f2 Þ mA a = m(mA ) g N = mg cos l
Þ a = mg = 0.2 ´ 10 = 2 ms-2 …(iii) Force of friction, f = mN = m mg cos l
Putting the value of a from Eq. (iii) into Eq. (ii), we get and net retarding force = mg sin l + f
F -8
=2 = mg sin l + m mg cos l
4
\ F = 16 N \External force needed (up the inclined plane) to
maintain sliding motion F = mg (sin l + m cos l)
Some Special Cases of Friction In the absence of external force, the motion of given block
will be retarded and the value of retardation will be
Case I Acceleration of a block on a horizontal
surface As shown in figure, we have a = g (sin l + m cos l )
N Case IV Maximum length of hung chain A uniform
chain of length l is placed on the table in such a manner
that its l ¢ part is hanging over the edge of table without
sliding. Since, the chain has uniform linear density,
f = µN F therefore coefficient of friction,
m2 mass hanging from the table
m= =
m1 mass lying on the table
mg l l
N = mg and f = mN = m mg
\ Net acceleration produced, l
F-f F - m mg F
a= = = - mg
m m m
\For this case, we can rewrite the above expression in The limiting friction between the shoes of the man and the belt is
the following manner, given by F = m Mg = 0.2 ´ 65 ´ 9.8 N
length hanging from the table If the man can remain stationary upto an acceleration say a¢, then
m=
length lying on the table Ma¢ = F
F 0.2 ´ 65 ´ 9.8
(as chain has uniform linear density) or a¢ = = = 1.96 ms–2
M 65
l¢
\ m=
l - l¢ Example 14. A block of mass 10 kg is kept on a rough
ml inclined plane as shown in the figure. A force of 3 N is
By solving, l¢ =
(m + l ) applied on the block. The coefficient of static friction between
Case V Motion of an insect in the rough bowl The the plane and the block is 0.6. What should be the minimum
insect crawls up the bowl upto a certain height h only till value of force F, such that the block does not move
the component of its weight along the bowl is balanced by downward) ? (Take, g = 10 ms-2) [JEE Main 2019]
limiting frictional force.
F
O
r
θ kg
R y 10
L
F
Insect 3N 45°
h
mg cos θ
mg mg sin θ (a) 32 N (b) 25 N (c) 23 N (d) 18 N
Let m = mass of the insect, Sol. (a) Free body diagram, for the given figure is as follows:
r = radius of the bowl
and m = coefficient of friction. f
R F
For limiting condition at point A,
R = mg cosq …(i)
Mg sin θ
and FL = mg sinq …(ii) θ Mg cos θ
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get 3N
F
tanq = L = m Mg
R θ=45º
r 2 - y2
\ =m For the block to be in equilibrium, i.e. so that it does not move
y
r downward, then Sfx = 0
or y= \ 3 + Mg sin q - F - f = 0 or 3 + Mg sin q = F + f
1 + m2
As, frictional force, f = mR
Example 13. A man standing stationary with respect to a \ 3 + Mg sin q = F + mR ...(i)
horizontal conveyor belt that is accelerating with 1 ms . If–2 Similarly, Sfy = 0
the coefficient of static friction between the man’s shoes and - Mg cos q + R = 0 or Mg cos q = R ...(ii)
the belt is 0.2, upto what acceleration of the belt can the man Substituting the value of R from Eq. (ii) to
continue to be stationary relative to the belt? (Mass of the Eq. (i), we get
man = 65 kg) 3 + Mg sin q = F + m(Mg cos q) ...(iii)
(a) 1.25 ms–2 (b) 1.96 ms–2 (c) 2.5 ms–2 (d) 3.6 ms–2 Here, M = 10 kg, q = 45°, g = 10 m/s 2
and m = 0.6
Sol. (b) As the man is standing stationary w.r.t. the horizontal
conveyor belt, he is also accelerating at 1 ms–2, the acceleration of Substituting these values in Eq. (iii), we get
the belt. Thus, 3 + (10 ´ 10 sin 45° ) - (0.6 ´ 10 ´ 10 cos 45° ) = F
Acceleration of the man, a = 1ms–2 100 60 40
Þ F=3 + - =3 +
Mass of the man, M = 65 kg 2 2 2
Therefore, net force on the man, ma = 65 ´ 1 = 65 N = 3 + 20 2 = 31.8 N or F ~ - 32 N
Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems
Newton’s Laws of Motion 7. An open carriage in a goods train is moving with a
1. A cricket ball of mass 150 g collides straight with a uniform velocity of 10 ms–1. If the rain adds water
–1
bat with a velocity of 10 ms . Batsman hits it with zero velocity at the rate of 5 kgs–1, then the
straight back with a velocity of 20 ms–1. If ball additional force applied by the engine to maintain
remains in contact with bat for 0.1s, then average the same velocity of the train is
force exerted by the bat on the ball is (a) 0.5 N (b) 2.0 N (c) 50 N (d) 25 N
(a) 15 N (b) 45 N 8. A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards
(c) 150 N (d) 4.5N by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves
2. A disc of mass 10 g is kept floating horizontally in 0.2 m while applying a force and the ball goes upto
air by firing bullets, each of mass 5 g, with the 2 m height further find, the magnitude of the force.
same velocity at the same rate of 10 bullets per (Take, g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) 16 N (b) 20 N
second. The bullets rebound with the same speed in
positive direction. The velocity of each bullet at the (c) 22 N (d) 44 N
time of impact is 9. A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0 kg
(a) 196 cms -1 (b) 98 cms -1 changes its speed from 2.0 m/s to 3.5 m/s. The
(c) 49 cms -1 (d) 392 cms -1 direction of motion of the body remains unchanged.
3. A satellite in force free space sweeps stationary What is the magnitude and direction of the force?
(a) 0.18 N, along the direction of motion
interplanetary dust at a rate dM / dt = av, where M
is the mass, v is the velocity of the satellite and a is (b) 0.18 N, opposite to the direction of motion
a constant. What is the deacceleration of the (c) 0.28 N, along the direction of motion
satellite? (d) 0.28 N, opposite to the direction of motion
(a) -2 av2/ M (b) -av2/ M
10. A body of mass 5 kg is acted upon by two
(c) + av2/ M (d) - av2 perpendicular forces 8 N and 6 N. Give the
4. The engine of a car produces an acceleration of magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the
6 ms –2 in the car. If this car pulls another car of the body
same mass, then the acceleration would be (a) 2 m /s 2 at an angle 37° to force
(a) 6 ms–2 (b) 12 ms–2 (b) 2 m /s 2 at an angle 57° to force
(c) 3 ms–2 (d) 1.5 ms–2 (c) 4 m /s 2 at angle 37° to force
(d) 4 m /s 2 at an angle 57° to force
5. A body of mass 2 kg travels according to law
x ( t) = pt + qt2 + rt 3, where p = 3 ms –1, q = 4 ms –2 11. A particle of mass m is moving in a straight line
and r = 5 ms –3. The force acting on the body at with momentum p. Starting at time t = 0, a force
t = 2 s is [NCERT Exemplar] F = kt acts in the same direction on the moving
(a) 136 N (b) 134 N particle during time interval T, so that its
(c) 158 N (d) 68 N momentum changes from p to 3 p. Here, k is a
constant.
6. In a rocket of mass 1000 kg fuel is consumed at a The value of T is [JEE Main 2019]
rate of 40 kg/s. The velocity of the gases ejected
2p p
from the rocket is 5 ´ 104 m/s. The thrust on the (a) (b) 2
rocket is k k
(a) 2 ´ 103 N (b) 5 ´ 104 N 2k k
(c) (d) 2
(c) 2 ´ 106 N (d) 2 ´ 109 N p p
(a) will have a magnitude p 3

Conservation of Linear (b) will have a magnitude p 5
Momentum and Impulse (c) will have a magnitude p
12. If a force of 250 N act on body the momentum (d) will have a magnitude 2p
acquired is 125 kg-m/s. What is the period for
which force acts on the body? 19. A machine gun fires a bullet of mass 40 g with a
(a) 0.5 s (b) 0.2 s (c) 0.4 s (d) 0.25 s velocity 1200 ms -1. The man holding it, can exert a
maximum force of 144 N on the gun. How many
13. 100 g of an iron ball having velocity 10 ms–1 collides bullets can he fire per second at the most?
with wall at an angle 30° and rebounds with the [AIEEE 2004]
same angle. If the period of contact between the (a) 1 (b) 4
ball and wall is 0.1s, then the average force (c) 2 (d) 3
experienced by the wall is
(a) 10 N (b) 100 N 20. A man weighing 60 kg is standing on a trolley
(c) 1.0 N (d) 0.1 N weighing 240 kg. The trolley is resting on
frictionless horizontal rails. If the man starts
14. A player caught a cricket ball of mass 150 g moving walking on the trolley with a velocity of 1 ms -1,
at a rate of 20 m/s. If the catching process is then after 4 s, his displacement relative to the
completed in 0.1 s, the force of the blow exerted by ground is
the ball on the hand of the player is equal to (a) 6 m (b) 4.8 m
[AIEEE 2006] (c) 3.2 m (d) 2.4 m
(a) 150 N (b) 3 N
(c) 30 N (d) 300 N 21. A ball is thrown vertically up (taken as + Z-axis)
from the ground. The correct momentum-height
15. Conservation of momentum in a collision between (p-h) diagram is [JEE Main 2019]
particles can be understood from [NCERT Exemplar]
p p
(a) conservation of energy
(b) Newton’s first law only (a) h (b) h
(c) Newton’s second law only O O
(d) Both Newton’s second and third laws
16. A bag of sand of mass m is suspended by a rope. A

m
bullet of mass is fired at it with a velocity v and p p
20
gets embedded into it. The velocity of the bag
(c) h (d) h
finally is O O
v 20 v
(a) ´ 21 (b)
20 21
v v
(c) (d)
20 21 22. A batsman deflects a ball by an angle of 45°
without changing its initial speed which is equal to
17. The figure shows the position-time (x-t) graph of
54 km/h. What is the impulse imparted to the ball?
one-dimensional motion of a body of mass 0.4 kg.
(Mass of the ball is 0.15 kg)
The magnitude of each impulse is [AIEEE 2010]
(a) 4 kg-m/s
(b) 6 kg-m/s
2 (c) 2 kg-m/s
x (m) (d) 5 kg-m/s
23. A shell is fired from a cannon with velocity v ms–1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 at an angle q with the horizontal direction. At the
t (s)
highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces
(a) 0.4 N- s (b) 0.8 N-s of equal mass. One of the pieces retraces its path to
(c) 1.6 N-s (d) 0.2 N-s the cannon and the speed in m/s of the piece
immediately after the explosion is
18. An object at rest in space suddenly explodes into
(a) 3 v cos q (b) 2 v cos q
three parts of same mass. The momentum of the
two parts are 2 p$i and p$j . The momentum of the 3v 3 v cos q
(c) cos q (d)
third part 2 2
Equilibrium of Forces 28. A ball of mass 1 kg hangs in equilibrium from two

strings OA and OB as shown in figure. What are
24. When a force F acts on a body of mass m, the the tensions in strings OA and OB?
acceleration produced in the body is a. If three (Take, g = 10 ms–2)
equal forces F1 = F2 = F3 = F act on the same body
A B
as shown in figure, the acceleration produced is 30° 60°
F2 90° T 2
T1
120° O 150°
135° 90°
m F1
w = 10N
F3
(a) 5 N, zero (b) Zero, N
(a) ( 2 - 1) a (b) ( 2 + 1) a
(c) 5 N, 5 3 N (d) 5 3 N, 5 N
(c) 2 a (d) a
29. A piece of wire is bent in the shape of a parabola
25. The following figure is the part of a horizontally
y = kx2 (Y -axis vertical) with a bead of mass m on
stretched net section AB which is stretched with a
it. The bead can slide on the wire without friction.
force of 10 N. The tension in the section BC and BF
It stays at the lowest point of the parabola when
are
E the wire is at rest. The wire is now accelerated
150° 150° parallel to the X-axis with a constant acceleration
D a. The distance of the new equilibrium position of
the bead, where the bead can stay at rest with
respect to the wire, from the Y -axis is
120° a a 2a a
G C F H (a) (b) (c) (d)
gk 2 gk gk 4 gk
B
120° 120° Motion of Connected Bodies
A 30. Two blocks are in contact on a frictionless table.
(a) 10 N, 11 N One has mass m and other 2m. A force f is applied
(b) 10 N, 6 N on 2m as shown in figure. Next the same force F is
(c) 10 N, 10 N applied from the right on m. In the two cases
(d) Cannot calculate due to insufficient data respectively, the force of contact between the two
blocks will be
26. A mass of 10 kg is suspended by a rope of length
F F
4 m, from the ceiling. A force F is applied 2m m
horizontally at the mid-point of the rope such that
the top half of the rope makes an angle of 45° with (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 3
the vertical. Then, F equals (Take, g = 10 ms -2 and (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 1
the rope to be massless) [JEE Main 2020,19]
(a) 75 N (b) 70 N (c) 100 N (d) 90 N 31. A wooden wedge of mass M and inclination angle a
rests on a smooth floor. A block of mass m is kept
27. A body of weight 2 kg is suspended as shown in on wedge. A force P is applied on the wedge as
figure. The tension T1 in the horizontal string
shown in figure, such that a block remains
(in kg-wt) is
stationary with respect to wedge. The magnitude of
30° force P is
m
P
M
α
2 kg-wt
(a) (M + m) g tan a (b) g tan a
(c) mg cos a (d) (M + m) g cosec a
(a) 2 3 (b) 3/2 (c) 3 (d) 2
32. Two blocks are connected by a string as F 36. A block is kept on a frictionless inclined surface
shown in the diagram. The upper block is T with angle of inclination a. The incline is given an
hung by another string. A force applied on acceleration a to keep the block stationary. Then, a
the upper string produces an acceleration 2 kg is equal to [AIEEE 2005]
of 2 m/s2 in the upward direction in both
the blocks. If T and T ¢ be the tensions in T
the two parts of the string, then
( Take, g = 9.8 m /s2 ) 4 kg a
(a) T = 70.8 N and T ¢ = 47.2 N
(b) T = 58.8 N and T ¢ = 47.2 N
(c) T = 70.8 N and T ¢ = 58.8 N g
(a) (b) g cosec
(d) T = 70.8 N and T ¢ = 0 tan a
33. A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the (c) g (d) g tan a
other light spring balance and a block of mass M kg
37. An elevator and its load have a total mass of
hangs from the former one. Then, the true
800 kg. The elevator is originally moving
statement about the scale reading is [AIEEE 2003]
downwards at 10 ms–1, it slows down to stop with
(a) both the scales read M kg each
constant acceleration in a distance of 25 m. Find
(b) the scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the
the tension T in the supporting cable while the
upper one zero
elevator is being brought to rest. (Take, g = 10 ms–2)
(c) the reading of the two scales can be anything but (a) 8000 N (b) 1600 N
the sum of the readings will be M kg
(c) 9600 N (d) 6400 N
(d) both the scales read M/2 kg
38. Two blocks of masses m1 = 4 kg and m2 = 2 kg are
34. Three blocks are placed at rest on a smooth
inclined plane with force acting on m1 parallel to connected to the ends of a string which passes over
the inclined plane. Find the contact force between a massless, frictionless pulley. The total downward
m2 and m3. thrust on the pulley is nearly
(a) 27 N (b) 54 N
m3 (c) 0.8 N (d) zero
m2
m1 39. A man wants to slide down a rope. The breaking
2
F
load for the rope rd of the weight of the man. With
3
(m1 + m2 + m3 ) F m3 F what minimum acceleration should fireman slide
(a) (b) down?
m3 m1 + m2 + m3
g g
(c) F - (m1 + m2) g (d) None of these (a) (b)
4 3
35. Given in the figure are two blocks A and B of 2g g
(c) (d)
weight 20 N and 100 N, respectively. These are 3 6
being pressed against a wall by a force F as shown
40. A sphere is accelerated upward by a cord whose
in figure. If the coefficient of friction between the
breaking strength is four times its weight. The
blocks is 0.1 and between block B and the wall is
maximum acceleration with which the sphere can
0.15, the frictional force applied by the wall in
move up without breaking the cord is
block B is [JEE Main 2015]
(a) g (b) 3 g
(c) 2 g (d) 4 g
F
A B 41. A body of mass 0.05 kg is observed to fall with an
acceleration of 9.5 ms –2 . The opposite force of air on
20N 100N
the body is (Take, g = 9.8 ms –2 )
(a) 0.015 N
(b) 0.15 N
(a) 100 N (b) 80 N (c) 0.030 N
(c) 120 N (d) 150 N
(d) zero
42. The acceleration of the 500 g block in figure is 47. Two weights w1 and w2 are suspended from the
ends of a light string over a smooth fixed pulley. If
100 g the pulley is pulled up with acceleration g, the
tension in the string will be
4 w1w2 2 w1w2
(a) (b)
500 g
w1 + w2 w1 + w2
30° w1 - w2 w1w2
(c) (d)
w1 + w2 2 (w1 + w2)
50 g
48. A lift is moving down with acceleration a . A man in
6g 7g the lift drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration
(a) downwards (b) downwards
13 13 of the ball as observed by the man in the lift and a
8g 9g man standing stationary on the ground are
(c) downwards (d) upwards
13 13 respectively [AIEEE 2002]
(a) g , g (b) g - a , g - a
43. A frictionless inclined plane of length l having (c) g - a , g (d) a , g
inclination q is placed inside a lift which is
accelerating downward with an acceleration a ( < g). 49. The monkey B shown in figure is holding
If a block is allowed to move down the inclined on to the tail of the monkey A which is
plane from rest, then the time taken by the block to climbing up a rope. The masses of the
slide from top of the inclined plane to the bottom of monkeys A and B are 5 kg and 2 kg
the inclined plane is respectively. If A can tolerate a tension of A
2l 2l 30 N in its tail, what force should it
(a) (b)
g g-a apply on the rope in order to carry the B
monkey B with it? (Take, g = 10 ms–2)
2l 2l
(c) (d) (a) 105 N (b) 108 N
g+ a ( g - a )sin q
(c) 10.5 N (d) 100 N
44. For the system shown in figure, the pulleys are light 50. Three equal weights A, B and C of mass 2 kg each
and frictionless. The tension in the string will be
are hanging on a string passing over a fixed
frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. The
tension in the string connecting weight B and C is
m
m
A
2 3 B
(a) mg sin q (b) mg sin q
3 2
1 C
(c) mg sin q (d) 2 mg sin q
2
(a) zero (b) 13 N
45. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. (c) 3.3 N (d) 19.6 N
A man hangs his bag on the spring and the spring
reads 49 N, when the lift is stationary. If the lift 51. Two block of masses 7 kg and 5 kg are placed in
moves downward with an acceleration of 5 ms -2 , contact with each other on a smooth surface. If a
the reading of the spring balance will be [AIEEE 2003] force of 6 N is applied on a heavier mass the force
(a) 24 N (b) 74 N on the lighter mass is
(c) 15 N (d) 49 N 7 kg
46. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal 5 kg

6N
frictionless surface by a rope of mass m. If a force P
is applied at the free end of the rope, the force
exerted by the rope on the block is [AIEEE 2003]
(a) 3.5 N (b) 2.5 N
Pm Pm PM
(a) (b) (c) P (d) (c) 7 N (d) 5 N
M +m M -m M +m
52. Refer to the system shown in figure. The 56. Two fixed frictionless inclined plane making the
acceleration of the masses is angles 30° and 60° with the vertical are shown in
the figure. Two blocks A and B are placed on the
two planes. What is the relative vertical
acceleration of A with respect to B ? [AIEEE 2010]
T2
3 kg B T2 B
T1
T1
1 kg C A 5 kg 60° 30°
g g g g (a) 4.9 ms -2 in horizontal direction

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 9 12 (b) 9.8 ms -2 in vertical direction
(c) zero
53. A block is dragged on a smooth horizontal plane
with the help of a light rope which moves with a (d) 4.9 ms -2 in vertical direction
velocity v as shown in figure. The horizontal
velocity of the block is Friction and Motion on
v Inclined Surface
F
57. A chain lies on a rough horizontal table. It starts
sliding when one-fourth of its length hangs over the
edge of the table. The coefficient of static friction
between the chain and the surface of the table is
1 1
θ (a) (b)
2 3
1 1
(c) (d)
m 4 5
58. The coefficient of friction between a body and the

(a) v (b) vsin q surface of an inclined plane at 45° is 0.5 if
(c)
v
(d)
v g = 9.8 m /s2. The acceleration of the body
sin q cos q downwards (in m/s2 ) is
4.9
54. Three identical blocks of masses m = 2 kg are drawn (a) (b) 4.9 2
2
by a force F = 10. 2 N with an acceleration of
0.6 ms -2 on a frictionless surface, then what is the (c) 19.2 2 (d) 4.9
tension (in newton) in the string between the blocks 59. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a pole. He is
B and C? [AIEEE 2002] pressing the pole with a force of 600 N. The
coefficient of friction between the hands and the
F
pole is 0.5 with what acceleration with the fireman
slide down? (Take, g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) 9.2 (b) 7.8 (a) 1 m/s 2 (b) 2.5 m/s 2
(c) 4 (d) 9.8 (c) 10 m/s 2 (d) 5 m/s 2
55. A blumb bob is hung from the ceiling of a train 60. A marble block of mass 2 kg lying on ice when
compartment. The train moves on an inclined track given a velocity of 6 ms -1 is stopped by friction in
of inclination 30° with horizontal. Acceleration of 10 s. Then, the coefficient of friction is [AIEEE 2003]
train up the plane is a = 9/2. The angle which the (a) 0.02 (b) 0.03
string supporting the bob makes with normal to the (c) 0.06 (d) 0.01
ceiling in equilibrium is
2 61. A box of mass m kg is placed on the rear side of an
(a) 30° (b) tan -1
3 open truck accelerating at 4 ms -2 . The coefficient
3 of friction between the box and the surface below it
(c) tan -1 (d) tan -1 2 is 0.4.
2
The net acceleration of the box with respect to the 67. A block of weight 5 N is pushed against a vertical
truck is zero. The value of m is wall by a force 12 N. The coefficient of friction
(Take, g = 10 ms -2 ) between the wall and block is 0.6. The magnitude
(a) 4 kg (b) 8 kg of the force exerted by the wall on the block is
(c) 9.78 kg (d) It could be any value
62. A body of mass 40 kg resting on a rough horizontal

surface is subjected to a force P which is just 12 N
enough to start the motion of the body. If m s = 0.5,
m k = 0.4, g = 10 ms -2 and the force P is continuously
applied on the body, then the acceleration of the (a) 12 N (b) 5 N
body is (c) 7.2 N (d) 13 N
(a) zero (b) 1 ms–2
(c) 2 ms–2 (d) 2.4 ms–2 68. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another
block B of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure, a
63. A 40 kg slab rests on a frictionless floor. A 10 kg horizontal rope tied to a wall holds it. The
block rests on top of the slab. The static coefficient coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.2 while
of friction between the block and the slab is 0.60 coefficient of friction between B and the ground is
while the kinetic coefficient of friction is 0.40. The 0.3. The minimum required force F to start moving
10 kg block is acted upon by a horizontal force of B will be
100 N. If g = 9.8 ms–2, the resulting acceleration of
the slab will be A
100 N 10 kg
No friction B F
40 kg
(a) 1.47 ms–2 (b) 1.69 ms–2

(a) 900 N (b) 100 N
(c) 9.8 ms–2 (d) 0.98 ms–2
(c) 1100 N (d) 1200 N
64. A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to just hold a
block stationary against a wall. The coefficient of
69. A wooden box of mass 8 kg slides down an inclined
plane of inclination 30° to the horizontal with a
friction between the block and the wall is 0.2. The
constant acceleration of 0.4 ms–2. What is the force
weight of the block is
of friction between the box and inclined plane?
F (Take, g = 10 ms–2)
(a) 36.8 N
10 N (b) 76.8 N
(c) 65.6 N
(d) 97.8 N
(a) 20 N (b) 50 N 70. A block of mass m lying on a rough horizontal plane

(c) 100 N (d) 2 N is acted upon by a horizontal force P and another
force Q inclined at an angle q to the vertical. The
65. Consider a car moving on a straight road with a block will remain in equilibrium, if the coefficient
speed of 100 ms -1. The distance at which car can be of friction between it and the surface is
stopped, is (Take, m k = 0.5)
(a) 800 m (b) 1000 m Q
(c) 100 m (d) 400 m
66. A block of mass 1 kg is at rest on a horizontal table.

P
The coefficient of static friction between the
block and the table is 0.5. If g = 10 ms -2 , then the
P + Q sin q P cos q + Q
magnitude of the force acting upwards at an angle (a) (b)
of 60° from the horizontal that will just start the mg + Q cos q mg - Q sin q
block moving is
(a) 5 N (b) 5.36 N P + Q cos q P sin q - Q
(c) (d)
(c) 74.6 N (d) 10 N mg + Q sin q mg - Q cos q
71. A partly hanging uniform chain of length L is 75. A block of mass 3 kg resting on a horizontal
resting on a rough horizontal table. l is the surface. A force F is applied on the block as shown
maximum possible length that can hang in in figure. If coefficient of friction between the block
equilibrium. The coefficient of friction between the 1
chain and table is be what can be the maximum value of force F,
2 3
l L l lL
(a) (b) (c) (d) so that block does not start moving?
L-l l L L+l
(Take, g = 10 ms–2)
72. Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 10 kg connected by
an inextensible string over a frictionless pulley, are
F
moving as shown in the figure. The coefficient of
friction of horizontal surface is 0.15. The minimum 60°
weight m that should be put on top of m2 to stop √3 kg
the motion is [JEE Main 2018]
m (a) 20 N (b) 10 N
T
m2 (c) 12 N (d) 15 N
76. A heavy uniform chain lies on horizontal table top.

T If the coefficient of friction between the chain and
the table surface is 0.25, then the maximum
m1 fraction of the length of the chain that can hang
over one edge of the table is
m1g (a) 20% (b) 25%
(a) 18.3 kg (b) 27.3 kg (c) 43.3 kg (d) 10.3 kg (c) 35% (d) 15%
73. The minimum force required to start pushing a 77. A car starts from rest to cover a distance s. The
body up a rough (frictional coefficient m) inclined coefficient of friction between the road and the
plane is F1 while the minimum force needed to tyres is m. The minimum time in which the car can
prevent it from sliding down is F2 . If the inclined cover the distance is proportional to
plane makes an angle q from the horizontal such (a) m (b) m
F (c) 1 /m (d) 1 / m
that tan q = 2 m, then the ratio 1 is
F2
78. The coefficient of kinetic friction between a 20 kg
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
box and the floor is 0.40. How much work does a
74. A point particle of mass m, moves along the pulling force do on the box in pulling it 8.0 m across
uniformly rough track PQR as shown in the figure. the floor at constant speed? The pulling force is
The coefficient of friction between the particle and directed 37° above the horizontal
the rough track equals m. The particle is released, (a) 343 J (b) 482 J
from rest , from the point P and it comes to rest at (c) 14.4 J (d) None of these
a point R. The energies, lost by the ball, over the
79. A block moves down a smooth inclined plane of
parts, PQ and QR, of the track, are equal to each
inclination q. Its velocity on reaching the bottom is
other, and no energy is lost when particle changes
v. If it slides down a rough inclined plane of same
direction from PQ to QR. The values of the
inclination, its velocity on reaching the bottom is
coefficient of friction m and the distance x(= QR), are
v/n, where n is a number greater than 1. The
respectively close to [JEE Main 2016]
coefficient of friction is given by
P
æ 1ö
(a) m = tan q ç1 - 2 ÷
è n ø
h=2m
æ 1ö
30º R (b) m = cot q ç1 - 2 ÷
è n ø
O
Horizontal Q 1/ 2
æ 1ö
surface (c) m = tan q ç1 - 2 ÷
è n ø
(a) 0.2 and 6.5 m (b) 0.2 and 3.5 m
1/ 2
(c) 0.29 and 3.5 m (d) 0.29 and 6.5 m æ 1ö
(d) m = cot q ç1 - 2 ÷
è n ø
ROUND II Mixed Bag
Only One Correct Option 6. Two persons are holding a rope of negligible weight
1. 80 railway wagons all of same mass 5 × 10 kg are 3 tightly at its ends so that it is horizontal. A 15 kg
pulled by an engine with a force of 4 × 10 N. The5 weight is attached to rope at the mid-point which
tension in the coupling between 30th and 31st now no more remains horizontal. The minimum
wagon from the engine is tension required to completely straighten the rope
(a) 25 × 10 4 N (b) 40 × 10 4 N is
(c) 20 × 10 4 N (d) 32 × 10 4 N (a) 15 kg (b) (15/2) kg
(c) 5 kg (d) infinitely large
2. A gardner waters the plants by a pipe of diameter
1 mm. The water comes out at the rate of 10 cm3 s–1. 7. A mass of 6 kg is suspended by a rope of length 2 m
The reactionary force exerted on the hand of the from a ceiling. A force of 50 N is applied in the
gardner is horizontal direction at the mid-point of the rope.
(a) zero The angle made by the rope, with the vertical, in
(b) 1.27 ´ 10–2 N equilibrium position will be (Take, g = 10 ms -2 ,
(c) 1.27 ´ 10–4 N neglect the mass of the rope)
(d) 0.127 N (a) 90º (b) 60º
(c) 50º (d) 40º
3. When forces F1, F2 , F3 are acting on a particle of
mass m such that F2 and F3 are mutually 8. The pulley and strings shown in figure are smooth
perpendicular, then the particle remains and of negligible mass. For the system to remain in
stationary. If the force F1 is now removed, then the equilibrium, the angle q should be
acceleration of the particle is
(a) F1/ m (b) F2F3 / mF1
(c) (F2 - F3 ) / m (d) F2/ m
θ
4. A block of mass m slides along a floor while a force
of magnitude F is applied to it at an angle q as
shown in figure. The coefficient of kinetic friction is √2 m
m k, then the block’s acceleration a is given by
(g is acceleration due to gravity) [JEE Main 2021] m m
F
(a) 0º (b) 30º
(c) 45º (d) 60º
θ
9. A 24 kg block resting on a floor has a rope tied to
its top. The maximum tension, the rope can
withstand without breaking is 310 N. The
F æ F ö
(a) - cos q - mK ç g - sin q÷ minimum time in which the block can be lifted a
m è m ø
vertical distance of 4.6 m by pulling on the rope is
F æ F ö (a) 1.2 s (b) 1.3 s
(b) cos q - mK ç g - sin q÷
m è m ø (c) 1.7 s (d) 2.3 s
F æ F ö
(c) cos q - mK ç g + sin q÷ 10. A rope of mass 0.1 kg is connected at the same
m è m ø
height of two opposite walls. It is allowed to hang
F æ F ö under its own weight. At the constant point
(d) cos q + mK ç g - sin q÷
m è m ø between the rope and the wall, the rope makes an
angle q = 10° with respect to horizontal. The tension
5. A 5 kg stationary bomb is exploded in three parts in the rope at its mid-point between the wall is
having mass 1 : 1 : 3 respectively. Parts having (a) 2.78 N (b) 2.56 N
same mass move in perpendicular directions with (c) 2.82 N (d) 2.71 N
velocity 39 ms–1, then the velocity of bigger part
will be 11. Block A of mass m and block B of mass 2m are
-1 10 placed on a fixed triangular wedge by means of a
(a) 10 2 ms (b) ms -1
2 massless, inextensible string and a frictionless at
15 45° to the horizontal on both the side. If the
(c) 13 2 ms -1 (d) ms -1
2 coefficient of friction between the block A and the
wedge is 2/3 and that between the block B and the 16. A block at rest slides down a smooth inclined plane
wedge is 1/3 and both blocks A and B are released which makes an angle 60° with the vertical and it
from rest, the acceleration of A will be [UP SEE 2008] reaches the ground in t1 seconds. Another block is
dropped vertically from some point and reaches the
ground in t2 seconds, then the ratio of t1 : t2 is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 2
m 2m 17. The acceleration of system of two bodies over the

wedge as shown in figure.
45° 45°
(a) –1 m/s 2 (b) 1.2 m/s 2 M

M
(c) 0.2 m/s 2 (d) 0 m/s 2
37° 53°
12. A block of mass 5 kg is moving horizontally at a
(a) 1 ms -2 (b) 2 ms -2 (c) 0.5 ms -2 (d) 10 ms -2
–1
speed of 1.5 ms . A vertically upward force 5 N acts
on it for 4 s. What will be the distance of the block
from the point where the force starts acting? 18. One end of massless rope, which passes over a
(a) 2 m (b) 6 m massless and frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook
(c) 8 m (d) 10 m C while the other end is free. Maximum tension
that the rope can bear is 360 N. With what value of
13. A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time maximum safe acceleration (in ms -2 ) can a man of
g = 0. It is subjected to a force F ( t) = f0 e- bt in the 60 kg climb on the rope?
x-direction. Its speed v( t) is depicted by which of the
following curves? P
f0 f0
—– —– C
mb mb
(a) (b)
v(t) v(t) (a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 80
t t 19. A small ball of mass m is thrown upward with
f0 f0 velocity u from the ground. The ball experiences a
—–
mb
—–
mb resistive force mkv2 , where v is its speed. The
maximum height attained by the ball is
(c) (d) [JEE Main 2020]
v(t) v(t) 1 æ ku 2 ö 1 æ ku 2 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) ln ç1 + ÷
t t k è 2g ø 2k è g ø
1 æ ku 2 ö 1 æ ku 2 ö
14. A mass m hangs with the help of a string wrapped (c) ln ç1 + ÷ (d) tan -1 ç ÷
k è 2g ø 2k è g ø
around a pulley on a frictionless bearing. The
pulley has mass m and radius R. Assuming pulley
20. A circular disc with a groove along its diameter is
to be the perfect uniform circular disc, the
placed horizontally. A block of mass 1 kg is placed
acceleration of the mass m. If the string does not
as shown. The coefficient of friction between the
slip on the pulley, is 2
2 block and all surfaces of groove in contact is m = ,
(a) g (b) g 5
3
g 3
the disc has an acceleration of 25 m/s2 . Find the
(c) (d) g acceleration of block with respect to disc.
3 2 [JEE Main 2021]
15. A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards
by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves 0.2 m
a = 25 m/s2
while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2 m
height further, find the magnitude of the force. θ 4 3
cos θ = —, sin θ = —
(Take, g = 10 m/s2 ) 5 5
(a) 4 N (b) 16 N (a) 10 m/s 2 (b) 5 m/s 2
(c) 20 N (d) 22 N (c) 20 m/s 2 (d) 1 m/s 2
21. A block of mass 15 kg is resting on a rough inclined 26. A man of mass M is standing on a board of mass m.
plane as shown in figure. The block is tied by a The friction coefficient between the board and the
horizontal string which has a tension of 50 N. The floor is m, shown in figure. The maximum force that
coefficient of friction between the surfaces of the man can exert on the rope so that the board does
contact is (Take, g = 10 ms–2) not move is
T
T T
M F
T
R
45°
T
f
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/4
(m +M)g
(c) 2/3 (d) 1/4
m (m + M ) g
22. A given object takes n times more time to slide down (a) m (m + M ) g (b)
m+1
a 45° rough inclined plane as it takes to slide down a m (m + M ) g
perfectly smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of (c) (d) None of these
m -1
kinetic friction between the object and the incline is
1 1 27. If coefficient of friction between an insect and bowl
(a) (b) 1 - is m and radius of the bowl is r, the maximum
1 - n2 n2
1 1
height to which the insect can crawl in the bowl is
(c) 1 - 2 (d) æ 1 ö÷ r
n 1 - n2 (a) r çç1 - (b)
÷
è 1 + m2 ø 1 + m2
23. A body of mass M is kept on a rough horizontal
surface (friction coefficient m). A person is trying to (c) r 1 + m 2 (d) r ( 1 + m 2 - 1)
pull the body by applying a horizontal force but the
body is not moving. The force by the surface on the 28. A block is moving on an inclined plane making an
body is F, where angle 45° with the horizontal and the coefficient of
(a) F = Mg friction is m. The force required to just push it up
(b) F = mMgF the inclined plane is 3 times the force required to
just prevent it from sliding down. If we define
(c) Mg £ f £ Mg 1 + m 2
N = 10 m, then N is
(d) Mg ³ f ³ Mg 1 + m 2
mg/√2
24. The upper half of an inclined plane with inclination F1 m
f is perfectly smooth, while the lower half is rough.
A body starting from rest at the top will again come
to rest at the bottom if coefficient of friction for the µ mg/√2
lower half is given by
45°
(a) 2 sin f (b) 2 cos f
(c) 2 tan f (d) tan f (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
25. An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very 29. A block of mass 200 kg is being pulled up by men
slowly, figure. The coefficient of friction between on an inclined plane at angle of 45° as shown in
the insect and the surface is 1/3. If the line joining figure. The coefficient of static friction is 0.5. Each
the centre of the hemispherical surface to the insect man can only apply a maximum force of 500 N.
makes an angle a with the vertical, the maximum Calculate the number of men required for the block
possible value of a is given by to just start moving up the plane.
(a) cot a = 3 (b) sec a = 3 45°

(c) cosec a = 3 (d) None of these
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 5 (d) 3
30. A block kept on a rough inclined plane, as shown in 34. A block B of mass 1 kg is placed on a light plank
the figure, remains at rest upto a maximum force shown in figure. A force F of 10 N is applied on the
2 N down the inclined plane. The maximum plank horizontally. The acceleration (in m/s2 ) of
external force up the inclined plane that does not block B is …… .
move the block is 10 N. The coefficient of static
friction between the block and the plane is F
(Take, g = 10 m/ s2) [JEE Main 2019] B
1 0N A
Smooth
35. For the situation shown in the figure, pulleys are

2N light and smooth. Pulleys C and D are fixed, but A
30°
and B are movable. The value of m (in kg), if m is in
2 3 equilibrium is ……… .
(a) (b) (Take, m1 = 2 kg and m2 = 1 kg )
3 2
3 1 C
(c) (d) D
4 2
31. A smooth block is released at rest on a 45° incline

and then slides a distance d. The time taken to slide B m
is n times as much to slide on rough incline than on
a smooth incline. The coefficient of friction is
1 m2
(a) m k = 1 - A
n2
1
(b) m k = 1 - 2
n m1
1
(c) m s = 1 - 2
n 36. A small block starts slipping down from a point B
1 on an inclined plane AB, which is making an angle
(d) m s = 1 - 2
n q with the horizontal section BC which is smooth
and the remaining section CA is rough with a
32. A block of mass 5 kg is (i) pushed in case (A) and coefficient of friction m. It is found that the block
(ii) pulled in case (B), by a force F = 20 N, making comes to rest as it reaches the bottom (point A) of
an angle of 30° with the horizontal, as shown in the the inclined plane. If BC = 2AC, the coefficient of
figures. The coefficient of friction between the friction is given by m = k tan q. Then, the value of k
block, the floor is m = 0 .2. The difference between is……… .
the accelerations of the block, in case (B) and case B
(A) will be (Take, g = 10 ms-2 ) [JEE Main 2019]
C
30° F=20 N θ
A
30° [JEE Main 2020]
F=20 N
(A) (B) 37. Consider a uniform cubical box of side a on a rough
floor that is to be moved by applying minimum
(a) 0.4 ms -2 (b) 3.2 ms -2 possible force F at a point b above its centre of mass
(c) 0.8 ms -2 (d) 0 ms -2 (see figure). If the coefficient of friction is m = 0.4,
b
the maximum possible value of 100 ´ for box not
Numerical Value Questions a
33. It is found that when 0.5 m was cut-off from the to topple before moving is ……… .
muzzle of a gun firing block of 50 kg, the velocity of
F
the block was changed from 700 m/s to 600 m/s.
The force exerted on the block by the powder of gas
at the muzzle when expanded in the bore was
. ´ 10n N. The value of n is …… .
65 [JEE Main 2020]
38. A block starts moving up an inclined plane of move together is ………… N. (Round off to the
inclination 30° with an initial velocity of v0 . It nearest integer) (Take, g = 9.8 ms -2 )
v
comes back to its initial position with velocity 0 . m
2
The value of the coefficient of kinetic friction M F
between the block and the inclined plane is close to [JEE Main 2021]
I
, the nearest integer to I is .......... .
1000 41. A boy of mass 4 kg is standing on a piece of wood
[JEE Main 2020] having mass 5 kg. If the coefficient of friction
39. A body of mass 1 kg rests on a horizontal floor with between the wood and the floor is 0.5, the
1 maximum force that the boy can exert on the rope
which it has a coefficient of static friction
. It is
3 so that the piece of wood does not move from its
desired to make the body move by applying the place is ……… N. (Round off to the nearest
minimum possible force F N. The value of F will be integer). [Take, g = 10 ms -2 ] [JEE Main 2021]
……… . (Round off to the nearest integer)
(Take, g = 10 ms -2 ) [JEE Main 2021] T
T
40. Two blocks ( m = 05
. kg and M = 4.5 kg) are arranged F
R
on a horizontal frictionless table as shown in figure. T
The coefficient of static friction between the two
3
blocks is , then the maximum horizontal force that T
7
can be applied on the larger block so that the blocks
Answers
Round I
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (b)
51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (c)
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (d) 65. (b) 66. (b) 67. (d) 68. (c) 69. (a) 70. (a)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (d) 74. (c) 75. (a) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (a)
Round II
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. 6 34. 5 35. 2 36. 3 37. 75 38. 346 39. 5 40. 21
41. 30
Solutions
Round I This velocity is supplied to the ball by the hand and
m (v - u ) 0.15 [20 – (–10)] 0.15 ´ 30 initially the hand was at rest, so it requires this velocity
1. F = = = = 45 N
t 0.1 0.1 during travelled distance of 0.2 m,
u2 40
2. 2 mnv = Mg \ a= = = 100 m /s 2
2 s 2 ´ 0.2
Mg
\ v= So, upward force on the ball,
2 mn
10 ´ 980 F = m (g + a)
or u= = 0.2 (10 + 100)
2 ´ 5 ´ 10
= 0.2 ´ 110 = 22 N
9800
= cms –1 = 98 cms –1
100 9. Mass of the body, m = 3.0 kg
3. The force acting on the satellite is given by Initial speed, u = 2.0 m/s
d dv dM Final speed, v = 3.5 m/s
F = (Mv) = M +v
dt dt dt Time, t = 25 s
dv æ dM ö Force, F =?
=M + v (av) çQ = av÷
dt è dt ø Using the first equation of motion, v = u + at
We know that, net force on satellite is zero, \ 3.5 = 2.0 + a ´ 25
3.5 - 2.0
dv or a= m / s2
i.e. M + v (av) = 0 25
dt
1.5
dv - v2a Acceleration, a = m / s2
Þ Acceleration, a = = 25
dt M \Force acting on the body,
4. Force applied by engine = 6 m 1.5 4.5
F = ma = 3.0 ´ = N = 0.18 N
When two cars are pulled, 25 25
(m + m) a = 6 m As direction of motion of the body remains unchanged,
therefore the direction of force acting on the body is
or 2 ma = 6 m along the direction of motion.
or a = 3 ms –2
10. Mass of the body, m = 5 kg
5. Given, x (t ) = pt + qt 2 + rt3 and p = 3 ms –1, q = 4 ms –2, Force acting on body, F1 = 8 N
r = 5 ms –3 , then x (t ) = 3 t + 4 t 2 + 5 t3
d 2x (t )
a= = 8 + 30 t F
dt 2 F2 = 6 N
\ t = 2s
α
\ a = 8 + 30 ´ 2 = 68
F1 = 8 N
Now, F = m ´ a = 2 ´ 68 = 136 N
Force perpendicular to force F1 on the body,
6. Thrust, F = u æç
dm ö 4 6
÷ = 5 ´ 10 ´ 40 = 2 ´ 10 N F2 = 6 N
è dt ø
Angle between two forces, q = 90°
dm
7. F = v = 10 ´ 5 N = 50 N Resultant force acting on the body,
dt
F = F12 + F22 + 2F1F2 cos q
8. Let the ball starts moving with velocity
u and it reaches upto maximum height = (8)2 + (6) 2 + 2 ´ 8 ´ 6 ´ cos 90°
H max , then from Hmax = 2 m
= 64 + 36 (Q cos 90° = 0)
u2
H max = = 10 N
2g
If resultant force F makes an angle a with force F1,
Þ u = 2 g (H max ) then
0.2 m
= 2 ´ 10 ´ 2 F 6
tan a = 2 = = 0.75 = tan 36° 33¢
= 2 10 m/s F1 8
a = 36°53¢
Using relation, F = ma 17. From the graph, it is a straight line, so it is showing

F 10 uniform motion. Because of impulse direction of velocity
Þ Acceleration, a = = = 2 m /s 2
m 5 changes as can be seen from the slope of the graph.
\An acceleration of 2 m/s 2 is acting on body at an 2
Initial velocity, v1 = = 1 ms -1
angle of 36°33¢ from the direction of force F1 = 8 N. 2
2
11. Here, F = kt Final velocity, v2 = - = - 1 ms -1
2
When t = 0, linear momentum = p
pi = mv1 = 0.4 N-s
When t = T , linear momentum = 3 p
pf = mv2 = - 0.4 N-s
According to Newton’s second law of motion,
J = pf - pi = - 0.4 - 0.4 = - 0.8 N-s
dp
applied force, F = (where, J = impulse)
dt
\ |J | = 0.8 N-s
or dp = F × dt
or dp = kt × dt 18. Combined momentum = 2 p$i + p$j
Now, integrate both side with proper limit, Magnitude of combined momentum
3p T
ét 2 ùT = (2 p)2 + p2 = 5 p2 = 5 p
ò dp = kò t dt or [ p] p = kêë 2 úû
3p
p 0 0 This must be equal to the momentum of the third part.

1 19. Force exerted by machine gun on man’s hand in firing a
or (3 p - p) = k [T 2 - 0]
2 bullet = Change in momentum per second on a bullet or
4p rate of change of momentum
or T2 =
k æ 40 ö
=ç ÷ ´ 1200 = 48 N
p è 1000 ø
or T =2
k Force exerted by man on machine gun
12. Change in momentum = Impulse = Force exerted on man by machine gun
Þ Dp = F ´ Dt = 144 N
Dp 125
Þ Dt = = = 0.5 s 144
F 250 Hence, number of bullets fired = = 3.
48
13. Change in momentum,
20. The trolley shall move backwards to conserve
Dp = 2 mu sin 30° momentum. The backward momentum would be shared
1 30° by both the trolley and man.
= 2 ´ 0.1 ´ 10 ´
2
Applying conservation of momentum,
= 1 kg-ms –1
Dp 1 60 ´ 1 = (240 + 60) v
\ Fav = = = 10 N or 60 = 300 v
Dt 0.1
60
14. This is the question based on impulse-momentum or v=
300
theorem,
1
|F × Dt| = |Change in momentum| = ms –1 = 0.2 ms –1
5
Þ F ´ 0.1 = | pf - pi| Speed of man w.r.t. ground = (1 - 0.2) ms –1 = 0.8 ms –1
As the ball will stop after catching Displacement of man = 0.8 ´ 4 m = 3.2 m
pi = mvi = 0.15 ´ 20 = 3, pf = 0
21. When a ball is thrown vertically upward, then the
Þ F ´ 0.1 = 3
acceleration of the ball,
Þ F = 30 N
a = acceleration due to gravity ( g ) (acting in the
15. Conservation of momentum in a collision between downward direction).
particles can be understood from both, Newton’s second Now, using the equation of motion, v2 = u 2 - 2 gh
and third laws. - v2 + u 2
or h= …(i)
16. Applying law of conservation of momentum, 2g
m æ mö As we know, momentum, p = mv or v = p / m
v = çm + ÷V So, substituting the value of v in Eq. (i), we get
20 è 20 ø
u 2 - ( p / m)
2
or V =
v 20
´ =
v h=
20 21 21 2g
As we know that, at the maximum height, velocity of 24. Since, acceleration acts in the direction of force, hence
the ball thrown would be zero. according to diagram,
So, for the flight when the ball is thrown till it reaches resultant acceleration (a )R = 2a - a
the maximum height (h ). a
v ® changes from u to 0
√2 a
Þ p ® changes from mu to 0
Similarly, when it reacher it’s initial point, then
a
h ® changes from hmax to 0
Also, p ® changes from 0 to some values. a
Thus, these conditions are only satisfied in the plot (a )R = ( 2 - 1) a
given in option (d).
25. By drawing the free body diagram of point B. Let the
22. Mass of the ball, m = 0.15 kg tension in the section BC and BF be T1 and T2,
5 respectively.
Velocity of the ball, v = 54 km/h = 54 ´ m/s = 15 m/s
18 From Lami’s theorem,
Let the ball be incident along path PO. Batsman deflects C F
the ball by an angle of 45° along both OQ. 120° T2
T1
N 120° 120°
P Q B
T =10 N
u cos θ T3
u u
A
°
22.5°
22. 5
T1 T2 T
= =
45° sin 120° sin 120° sin 120°
u sin θ
O u sin θ Þ T = T1 = T2 = 10 N
θ
26. Given situation is as shown below.
u cos θ u
45° 45º T cos 45º
ÐPON = ÐNOQ = = 22.5° T
2 45º
The horizontal component of velocity u sin q remains F
unchanged while vertical component of velocity is just T sin 45º
reversed.
\ Impulse imparted to the ball 10 kg
= Change in linear momentum of the ball
= mu cos q - (- mu cos q) We resolve tension T in string into vertical and
= 2 mu cos q = 2 ´ 0.15 ´ 15 ´ cos 22.5° horizontal components.
= 4.5 ´ 0.9239kg-m/s = 4.16 kg-m/s For equilibrium, F = T sin 45° ...... (i)
~
- 4 kg-m/s and Mg = T cos 45° ....... (ii)
23. In case of projectile motion at the highest point, On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
(v)vertical = 0 F
= tan 45° or F = Mg = 10 ´ 10 = 100 N
and (v)horizontal = v cos q Mg
The initial linear momentum of the system will be 27. According to equilibrium of forces at point O,
mv cos q. Now, as force of blasting is internal and force of T sin 30 ° = 2 kg-wt
gravity is vertical. T sin 30°
So, linear momentum of the system along horizontal is
conserved.
30°
p1 + p2 = mv cos q T
m1v1 + m2v2 = mv cos q 30° O
m
But it is given that m1 = m2 = and as one part T cos 30° T1
2
retraces its path, v1 = - v cos q
1 1
\ m (- v cos q) + mv2 = mv cos q
2 2 2 kg-wt
or v2 = 3 v cos q
Þ T = 4 kg-wt ma cos a = mg sin a

T1 = T cos 30 ° sin a
\ a=g = g tan a
= 4 cos 30 ° = 2 3 cos a
or P = (M + m) g tan a
28. Various forces acting on the ball are as shown in figure.
The three concurrent forces are in equilibrium. Using 32. FBD of mass 2 kg FBD of mass 4 kg
Lami’s theorem. T′
T
T1 T2 10 4N 8N
= =
sin 150° sin 120° sin 90°
T1 T2 10 2 kg 4 kg
= =
sin 30° sin 60° 1
19.6 N
\ T1 = 10 sin 30° = 10 ´ 0.5 = 5 N T′
3 39.2 N
T2 = 10 sin 60° = 10 ´ =5 3 N
2
T - T ¢ = 19.6 = 4 …(i)
29. The given situation is shown in the figure T ¢ - 39.2 = 8 …(ii)
y
N cos θ From Eq. (ii), we get
N T ¢ = 47.2 N
θ and substituting T ¢ in Eq. (i), we get
ma N sin θ T = 4 + 19.6 + 47.2 = 70.8 N
O
x
33. The arrangement is shown in figure.
θ
mg Now, draw the free body diagram of
the spring balances and block.
At equilibrium condition at point O. For equilibrium of block,
N sin q = ma …(i) T1 = Mg S1 Light spring
N cos q = mg …(ii) where, T1 = reading of S 2. balance
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get For equilibrium of S 2,
a
Þ tan q = …(iii) T2 = T1
g
where, T2 = reading of S1.
Given, y = kx2 S2 Light spring
For equilibrium of S1 , balance
dy
= 2kx T2 = T3
dx
dy T3 T2
But = tan q M
dx T1
a a
Hence, tan q = 2kx Þ = 2kx Þ x =
g 2 gk S1 S2 Block
30. When force F is applied on 2m from left, contact force, Mg

m F
F1 = F = T2 T1
m + 2m 3
When force F is applied on m from right, contact force, Hence, T1 = T2 = Mg
2m 2F So, both scales read M kg.
F2 = F =
m + 2m 3 Net pushing force
34. Acceleration of system, a =
\ F1 : F2 = 1 : 2 Total mass
31. Since, P = (M + m) a F - (m1 + m2 + m3 ) g sin q
or a=
Now, as in free body diagram of block, (m1 + m2 + m3 )
ma Equation of motion for m3 ,
co
sα N N - m3 g sin q = m3 a
α é F - (m1 + m2 + m3 ) g sin q ù
ma mg or N = m3 g sin q + m3 ê ú
sin ë (m1 + m2 + m3 ) û
mg cos α α α
+ m3 F
mg =
ma sin α α m1 + m2 + m3
35. In vertical direction, weights are balanced by frictional 40. Here, the tension in the cord is given by
forces. T = mg + ma T
Consider FBD of block A and B as shown in figure. Here, upward acceleration = a
fA fB Mass of sphere = M
a
T = 4 mg
Þ 4 mg = mg + ma
F N
3 mg = ma
mg
Þ a =3 g
20 N fA 100 N
41. Here, mass of the body, fair
As the blocks are in equilibrium, balance forces are in M = 0.05 kg
horizontal and vertical direction. Acceleration, g = 9.8 ms –2, a = 9.5 ms –2
For the system of blocks ( A + B), \ mg - fair = ma a
F =N Þ fair = m ( g - a )
For block A, fA = 20 N and for block B, = 0.05 (9.8 – 9.5)
mg
fB = fA + 100 = 120 N = 0.015 N
36. In the frame of wedge, the force diagram of block is 42. The given situation is shown below.
shown in figure. From free body diagram of wedge, Let a be the common acceleration.
N
ma cos α a T2
T2
α 0 °
ma in3 a
gs B C
α 0.1
mg sin α T1 0.1 kg
mg cos α 0.5 kg
+ mg a
ma sin α α 30°
a T1
For block to remain stationary, A
ma cos a = mg sin a or a = g tan a
37. As the elevator is going down with T 0.05 kg
decreasing speed, so acceleration is mB = 100 g = 0.1 kg
in upward direction. Let it be a, mC = 500 g = 0.5 kg
T - 800 g = 800 a v = 10 ms–1 mA = 50 g = 0.05 kg
T = 800 ( g + a ) Equation of motion for the mass A,
v=0
From v2 = u 2 - 2as T1 - 0.05 g = 0.05 a …(i)
Þ 102 = 0 - 2 ´ a ´ 25 800 g Equation of motion for the mass B,
\ a = 2 ms –2 T2 = 0.1 g sin 30° - T1 = 0.1 a
\ T = 800 (10 + 2), T2 - T1 - 0.05 g = 0.1 a …(ii)
\ T = 9600 N Equation of motion for the mass C,
2 m1m2 2 ´ 4 ´ 2 ´ 10 0.5 g - T2 = 0.5 a …(iii)
38. T = g=
m1 + m2 4+2 Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
160 T2 - 0.1 g = 0.15 a
= = 26.6 » 27 N
6 Þ T2 = 0.1 g + 0.15 a …(iv)
Total downward thrust on the pulley
Putting the value of T2 from Eq. (iv) in Eq. (iii), we get
= 2 T = 2 ´ 27 = 54 N
0.5 g - 0.1 g - 0.15 a = 0.5 a
2
39. Tension in rope, T < Breaking load, mg Þ 0.4 g = 0.65 a
3
2 0.4 g 8 g
\ m (g - a) < mg Þ a= = (downwards)
3 0.65 13
g 43. Effective value of acceleration due to gravity in the lift
or a>
3 = g-a
1 2 47. For solving the problem, we assume that observer is

Using s = ut + at , we get
2 situated in the frame of pulley (non-inertial reference
1
l = ( g - a ) sin qt 2, we get frame),
2
m1 g = w1, m2g = w2
2l
t= From force diagram,
( g - a ) sin q
T T
44. Let force in downward to the incline mg sin q - T = ma a
a
T = ma
T
a
w 2 m2 a 0 m1 a 0 w 1
m a
T T - m2a 0 - w2 = m2a
n
m
si
or T - m2g - w2 = m2a (Q a 0 = g )
g
m
or T - 2 w2 = m2a …(i)
\ mg sin q - T = T
From force diagram, m1a 0 + w1 - T = m1a
or 2 T = mg sin q
or m1a 0 + w1 - T = m1a
1
or T = mg sin q or 2 w1 - T = m1a …(ii) (Q a 0 = g )
2
4 w1w2
45. In stationary position, spring balance reading = mg = 49 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), T =
w1 + w2
49
or m= = 5 kg 48. Apparent weight of ball,
9.8
w¢ = w - R (where, R = normal reaction)
R = ma (acting upward)
w ¢ = mg - ma = m( g - a )
T Hence, apparent acceleration in the lift is g - a. Now,
if the man is standing stationary on the ground, then
a the apparent acceleration of the falling ball is g.
49. If A is climbing with constant velocity, then
T ¢ = 5 g + T and T = 2 g
mg T¢ = 5 g + 2 g = 7 g
Suppose A is climbing with acceleration a such that
When lift moves downward, mg - T = ma T = 30 N
Reading of balance, T -2 a = 2 a
T = mg - ma = 5 (9.8 - 5) 30 - 2 ´ 10 = 2 a T
= 5 ´ 4.8 = 24.0 N or a = 5 ms –2 A 5g
T
46. Let acceleration of system (rope + block) be a along the Again, T¢ -T -5 g = 5 a
5g
P or T¢ = T + 5 g + 5 a
direction of applied force, then a = . T
M +m or T ¢ = (30 + 50 + 25) N
a B 2g
= 105 N
m 2g
M P 50. Tension between m2 and m3 is given by
Frictionless
surface
Draw the FBD of block and rope as shown in the
following figure
a a
m
M T T P
m1 A
B m2
where, T is the required parameter.
For block, T = Ma
MP m3
Þ T= C
M +m
2m1m2 Eq. (i) gives,

T= ´g
m1 + m2 + m3 10.2 - T1 = 2 ´ 0.6
2 ´2 ´2 Þ T1 = 10.2 - 1.2 = 9N
= ´ 9.8 = 13 N
2+2+2
Again, from Eq. (ii), we get
51. From Newton’s second law, 9 - T2 = 2 ´ 0.6
F = ma
Þ T2 = 9 - 1.2 = 7.8 N
Þ 6 = (7 + 5) a
1
55.
a= m / s2 g/2
2 a=
f ¢ = 5 kg
3 0°
1 in
Now f ¢ = 5 ´ = 2.5 N s
2 mg
3 0°
52. From diagram, 5 g - T2 = 5 a …(i) os
m gc
T2 - T1 = 3 a …(ii) From diagram, T sin q - mg sin q = ma
T1 - g = a …(iii) mg
T sin q = mg sin q + …(i)
T2 T2 T1
2
T cos q = mg cos q …(ii)
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
B A a B 2 2
a a tan q = Þ q = tan -1
3 3
3g T1 5g g 56. Force applying on the block,

F = mg sin q
Solving Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
or mg sin q = ma
g =9a
\ a = g sin q
g
or a= where, a is acceleration along the inclined plane.
9
\ Vertical component of acceleration
53. From geometry, l 2 = x2 + y2 but y is constant, hence on = a sin q = g sin q × sin q = g sin 2 q
dl dx
differentiating, we have 2 l = 2x \ Relative vertical acceleration of A with respect to
dt dt
B is
dl
But = v. Hence, horizontal velocity of block, g
dt g (sin 2 60° - sin 2 30° ] = = 4.9 ms -2
dx 2
vx =
dt (in vertical direction)
1 3
57. Weight of chain on table = mg - mg = mg
4 4
θ 3 1
l For maximum possible friction, mmg = mg
y 4 4
θ
1
\ m=
3
x 58. Net acceleration,
Þ lv = x × vx a = g (sin q - m cos q) = 9.8 (sin45° -0.5 cos 45° )
l×v v 4.9
or vx = = = m/s 2
x sin q 2
54. The system of masses is shown below 5°
R os 4
T2 T1 µg c
C B A F
From the figure, g sin 45° 45°

F - T1 = ma …(i) g
45°
and T1 - T2 = ma …(ii)
59. Net downward acceleration As friction provide the retardation,

F
Weight - Frictional force a = mg, v = 100 ms -1
=
Mass \ (100)2 = 2 m gs
mg - mR 100 ´ 100
= R 600 N Þ s=
m 2 ´ 0.5 ´ 10
60 ´ 10 - 0.5 ´ 600 100 ´ 100
= = = 1000 m
60 5 ´2
300 w
= = 5 m/s 2 66. R + F sin 60° = mg
60
60. Let coefficient of friction be m, then retardation will be 3F
or R = mg -
m g. From equation of motion, v = u + at 2
Þ 0 = 6 - m g ´ 10 F sin 60°
R F
6
or m= = 0.06
100 60º
F cos 60º
1
61. Pseudo force on the block = m ´ 4 N (backward)
Force of friction = 0.4 ´ m ´ 10 N (forward)
mg
Equating, m ´ 4 = 0.4 ´ m ´ 10 = 4 m
Clearly, the equation holds good for all values of m. F cos 60° = f = mR
F æ 3Fö
62. Force, P = fms = m smg (when body is at rest) or = 0.5 ç1 ´ 10 - ÷
2 è 2 ø
When the body starts moving with acceleration a, then
3F
P - fk = ma or F + = 10
2
m smg - m kmg = ma 20
or a = (m 0 - m k ) g or F =
2+ 3
or a = (0.5 - 0.4) 10 20
or F = = 5.36 N
= 0.1 ´ 10 ms –2 = 1 ms –2 3.732
63. fms = 0.6 ´ 10 ´ 9.8 N = 58.8 N 67. Wall applies 2 forces of the block (i) normal reaction,
Since, the applied force is greater than fms, therefore the R = 12 N, and (ii) frictional force, f2 = mg = 5 N
block will be in motion. So, we should consider fk. tangentially upward.
fk = 0.4 ´ 10 ´ 9.8 N \Total force exerted by wall on block
or fk = 4 ´ 9.8 N 5N
13 N
This would cause acceleration of 40 kg block.
4 ´ 9.8 N f
Acceleration = = 0.98 ms –2 N
40 kg 12 N 12 N
64. Let R be the normal contact force by wall on the block.
5N
F
F = N 2 + fs2 = (12)2 + (5)2 = 13 N
10 N R
68. As, F = FAB + FBG
w
A
R = 10 N fAB
F = w and F = mR B
fBG
\ mR = w Ground
or w = 0.2 ´ 10 = 2 N
= m AB ma g + mBG (mA + mB ) g
65. From third equation of motion,
= 0.2 ´100 ´ 10 + 0.3 ´ (300) ´ 10
v2 = u 2 - 2as
= 200 + 900 = 1100 N
Given, v=0 (car is stopped)
69. ma = mg sin q - f F1 sin q + m cos q

=
g F2 sin q - m cos q
8k f
tan q + m 2 m + m
= = =3
tan q - m 2 m - m
a
30°
mg 74. Energy lost over path PQ = m mg cos q ´ 4
P
or f = mg sin q - ma = m ( g sin q - a )
æ 1 ö 4m
= 8 ç10 ´ - 0.4÷ N = 8 ´ 4.6 N = 36.8 N h=2m
è 2 ø
30º
70. For equilibrium of the block, O 2 3 mQ x R
N = mg + Q cos q
Energy lost over path QR = mmgx
Q sin q + P = mN
i.e. m mg cos 30° ´ 4 = m mgx (Q q = 30° )
Q sin q + P = m (mg + Q cos q)
x = 2 3 = 3.45 m
N
From Q to R energy loss is half of the total energy loss.
N
1
i.e. mmgx = ´ mgh
P 2
N P + Q sin Þ m = 0.29
The values of the coefficient of friction m and the
Q distance x(= QR) are 0.29 and 3 .5.
mg
mg +Q cos 75. From acting on block are shown in adjoining figure
N
æ Q sin q + P ö
\ m=ç ÷
è mg + Q cos q ø F cos 60°
71. If m is the mass/length, then 60°
weight of hanging length = m lg f =µN F
Weight of chain on table = m (L - l ) g Mg +F sin 60°
Q R = m (L - l ) g
As the block does not move, hence
\ f = m sR = m sm (L - l ) g
F cos 60° = f = mN = m (Mg + F sin 60° )
Equating m sm (L - l ) g = mlg
1 1 æ 3ö
l \ F = ç 30 ´ 10 + F ÷
or ms = 2 2 3 è 2 ø
L-l
On simplification, we get F = 20 N
72. Motion stops when pull due to m1 £ force of friction
between m and m 2 and surface. 76. Let the length of chain be l and mass m. Let a part x of
Þ m1 g £ m(m2 + m) g chain can hang over one edge of table having coefficient
of friction.
Þ 5 ´ 10 £ 0.15(10 + m) ´ 10 x
l
Þ m ³ 23.33 kg
Here, nearest value is 27.3 kg. x
So, mmin = 27.3 kg
73. F1 = mg (sin q + m cos q) (as body just in position
to move up, friction force downward) mx
\ Pulling force, F = g
F2 = mg (sin q - m cos q) l
m
(as body just in position and friction force, f = mN = m (l - x) g
l
to slide down, friction upward)
For equilibrium, F = f , hence
m mx m m
× g = m (l - x) g = 0.25 (l - x) g
l l l
o sθ l
F1 gc Þ x=
µm 5
θ+
sin x 1
mg θ \ % change in = ´ 100 = 20%
l 5
77. Force on the car, Tension in the coupling between 30th and 31st wagon
will be due to mass of remaining 50 wagons. Now, mass
F = mR
of remaining 50 wagons.
or ma = m mg (Q R = mg )
m = 50 ´ 5 ´ 103 kg = 25 ´ 104 kg
or a = mg
\Required tension, T = mg = 25 ´ 104 ´ 1
Now, from second equation of motion,
= 25 ´ 104 N
1
s = ut + at 2 v
2 2. Rate of flow water, = 10 cm3s -1
t
1 2
or s = 0 + at (Q u = 0) Density of water, r = 103 kg /m3
2
Cross-sectional area of pipe OA = p (0.5 ´ 10-3 )2
2s dv mv Vrv rv v
or t= Force = m = = = ´
mg dt t t t At
2
2s æ vö l æ v ö
\ t= =ç ÷ çQ V = ÷
mg ètø A è At ø
or tµ
1 (10 ´ 10-6 )2 ´ 103
m F = = 0.127 N
p ´ (0.5 ´ 10-3 )2
78. The work done by the force is F cos 37°, 3. As F2 and F3 are mutually perpendicular, their
where F cos 37° = f = mN resultant = F22 + F32
F sin 37° As particle is stationary under F1 , F2, F3 , therefore
F F22 + F32 must be equal and opposite to F1.
37° The force F1 is now removed. So, the resultant of F2
F cos 37°
and F3 will now make the particle move with force
f 20 kg equal to F1 . Hence, the acceleration is F1 /m.
4. F sin θ
N F
mg N
In this case, N = mg - F sin 37°, θ

F cos θ
m mg
So that, F =
(cos 37° + m sin 37° ) fk
mg
Here, m = 0.40 and m = 20 kg
N = mg - F sin q
\ F = 75.4 N F cos q - mK N = ma
Hence, W = (75.4 cos 37° ) (8.0) = 482 J F cos q - mK (mg - F sin q) = ma
79. For a smooth plane, v = 2 g sin q × s and for a rough F æ F ö
a= cos q - mK ç g - sin q÷
plane, m è m ø
v 5. As m1 : m2 : m3 = 1 : 1 : 3
= 2 g (sin q - m cos q) s
n
and momentum is conserved, p12 + p22 + p32 = 3v3
sin q
\ n= 1 ´ 392 + 1 ´ 392 = 3v3
sin q - m cos q
sin q Þ 39 2 = 3v3
or n2 =
sin q - m cos q 39 2
Þ v3 = = 13 2 ms -1
Þ (n 2 - 1) sin q = n 2 m cos q 3
æ n2 - 1 ö æ 1ö 6. Let T be the tension in the string. Since, the system is in
or m=ç ÷ tan q = tan q ç1 - 2 ÷ equilibrium, therefore from figure,
è n ø
2 è n ø
Round II
θ
1. Total mass of 80 wagons = 80 ´ 5 ´ 103 = 4 ´ 105 kg T T
F 4 ´ 105
Acceleration, a = = = 1 ms -2
M 4 ´ 105 mg
2T cos q = mg 10. Mass of rope, M = 0.1 kg, q = 10°

or T = mg /2 cos q From figure,
The string will be straight, if q = 90°
T sin θ
\ T = mg/2 cos 90° = mg/2(0) = ¥ θ θ
T T sin θ
7. The three forces acting on the mass at location A have T
been shown in figure. Since, the mass is in equilibrium,
therefore the three forces acting on the mass must be T cos θ T cos θ
represented by the three sides of a triangle in one order.
Hence, mg
B
2T sin q = mg
mg 0.1 ´ 9.8
T T= = = 2.82 N
2 sin q 2sin10°
11. The situation is as shown in the figure
S A a a
50 N
T T
2 R2 A B
R1
µ2 =
3 µ 1R 1 1
m 2m µ 1 =3
6 ×10 N mg cos 45° 2m
°
50 6 ´ 10
45
In D SBA, = 2mg cos 45° g
sin
R 2 mg co
SA SB 2mg s4
g
m µ 2 45°
45° 5°
SA 50 5
or = =
SB 60 6
The equation of motion for body B,
SA 5
or tan q = = = 0.8333 = tan 40° 2mg sin 45° - m1R1 - T2 = 2ma
SB 6
1
\ q = 40° 2mg sin 45°- 2mg cos 45°-T = 2ma
3
8. If T is tension in each part of the string holding mass 1 1 1
2 m, then in equilibrium, Þ 2mg ´ - 2mg ´ - T = 2ma
2 3 2
T cos q + T cos q = 2 mg
In this problem as (mB = mA ) g sin q = (mg/ 2 ) is lesser
than (mB mB + m AmA ) g cos q = (4mg/ 3 2 ), the masses will
not move and hence,
θ θ acceleration of B = acceleration of A = 0
T T T T
m 5
2m 12. a = = 1 ms -2
m 5
mg Upward distance covered in 4 s,
1 1
2T cos q = 2 mg y = at 2 = ´ 1 ´ (4)2 = 8 m
2 2
But T = mg
Horizontal distance covered in 4s,
\ 2mg cos q = 2 mg
x = vt = 1.5 ´ 4 = 6 m
1
cos q =
2 s = x2 + y2 = 62 + 82
q = 45° = 36 + 64 = 10 m
dv -bt
9. Effective upward force = 310 - mg 13. m = f0e
dt
= 310 - 24 ´ 9.8 = 74.8 N dv f0 -bt
Upward acceleration, Þ = e
dt m
a = 74.8 / 24 = 3.12 ms -2 v f0 t -bt
As,
1
s = ut + at 2
Þ ò0dv = m ò0 e dt
2 t
1 f0 æ e-bt ö
Þ 4.6 = 0 + ´ 3.12 ´ t 2 Þ v= ç ÷
2 m è -b ø 0
2 4.6
Þ t = = 2.95 f0
1.56 Þ v= (1 - ebt )
mb
Þ t = 2.95 » 1.7s Hence, option (a) is correct.
14. For the motion of the block, a = g cos 60°

mg - T = ma 1
\ L = g cos 60° t12 …(i) (Q u = 0)
For the rotation of the pulley, 2
t = TR = Ia R
Acceleration to another block dropped vertically down
1 m
T = mRa from the same inclined plane is
2 T
a=g
As string does not slip on the pulley, T 1 1
a = Ra \ H = at22 = gt22 (Q u = 0)
m 2 2
2g
On solving Eqs. (i),(ii) and (iii), a = H
3 From figure, cos 60° =
L
15. The situation is shown in figure. At initial time, the ball Þ H = L cos 60°
is at P,then under the action of a force (exerted by hand) 1
from P to A and then from A to B. Let acceleration of ball \ L cos 60° = gt22 …(ii)
2
during PA be a ms -2 (assumed to be constant) in upward
direction and velocity of ball be v m/s. Divide Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
t12 cos 60° 1
=
2
t2 cos 60°
B
t12 1 4
2m
Þ = =
t22 cos 2 60° 1
t1 2
Þ =
t2 1
A
17. Let T be the tension in the string. Let a be the
0.2 m
acceleration of the system. The equation of motion are

Ma = Mg sin 53°-T …(i)
P and Ma = T - mg sin 37° …(ii)
T T
Then, for PA, v2 = 02 + 2 a ´ 0.2 N
For AB, 0 = v2 - 2 ´ g ´ 2 a
a
Þ v2 = 2 g ´ 2 37
°
3°
7°
mg
s5
s in
s3
37° 53°
From above equations,
co
g
co
s in
m mg
a = 10 g = 100 ms -2
mg
mg
37° mg
53° 53
°
F
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
mg (sin 53°- sin 37° )
a=
a = 10g
2m
= g cos 45° sin 8°
é æ A + Bö æ A - Böù
êQ sin A - sin B = 2 cos çè 2 ÷ø sin çè 2 ÷ø ú
mg ë û
1
Then, for PA, FBD of ball is = 10 ´ ´ 0.139
2
F - mg = ma (F is the force exerted by hand on ball)
= 0.98 ms -1 @ 1 ms -2
Þ F = m( g + a ) = 0.2 (10 + 100) = 22 N
18. The free body diagram of the person can be drawn as
16. Let L be the length and H be the height of the inclined T
plane, respectively. Acceleration of the block slide down a
the smooth inclined plane is
Person
60° 60 g
L
H
Let the person move up with an acceleration a, then
T - 60 g = 60a
Tmax - 60 g 1 g 1
2k òg + ku2 t
Þ a max = Þ dt = - [ y] H0
60
360 - 60 g 1
or a max = ® - ve value Þ [ln(t )]g 2 = - [H - 0]
60 2k g + ku
That means, it is not possible to climb up on the rope. 1

Þ [ln ( g ) - ln( g + ku 2)] = - [H ]
Even in this problem, it is not possible to remain at 2k
rest on rope. 1
Þ - [ln( g ) - ln( g + ku 2)] = H
Hence, no option is correct. 2k
1
But, if they will ask for the acceleration of climbing Þ H = [ln ( g + ku 2) - ln( g )]
down, then 2k
T 1 é æ g + ku 2 ö ù 1 æ ku 2 ö
= ê ln ç ÷ú = ln ç1 + ÷
a 2k êë è g ø úû 2k è g ø
Person
20. The free body diagram of the given system is given as
N1
60 g f1
f2 ma sin θ
60 g - T = 60 a
Þ 60 g - Tmax = 60 a min
ma
60 g - 360 θ
or a min = = 4 ms -2
60
N2
19. v=0
Sign conventions ma cos θ
m mg
⇒+ve
Given, m = 1 kg,
⇒ –ve
2 4 3
m = , a = 25 ms -2, cos q = , sin q =
H 5 5 5
mg+mkv2 u
Here, f1 and f2 are the two frictional forces
a= corresponding to the two points of contact.
m
= g+kv2 m If a¢ be the acceleration of the block with respect to
disc, then from above figure,
Net force on ball = Weight of ball + Resistive force ma cos q - f1 - f2 = ma ¢
i.e. Fnet = w + Fresistive = (-mg ) + (-mkv ) 2 Þ ma cos q - mN 1 - mN 2 = ma ¢
= - m( g + kv2) Þ ma cos q - mmg - mma sin q = ma ¢
So, net acceleration of ball, Þ a ¢ = a cos q - mg - ma sin q
F -m( g + kv2) 4 2 2 3
a = net = = - ( g + kv2) = 25 ´ - ´ 10 - ´ 25 ´
m m 5 5 5 5
dv vdv = 20 - 4 - 6 = 10 ms -2
Þ v = - ( g + kv2) Þ = - dy
dy ( g + kv2) 21. Figure shows free body diagram of the block,
Integrating both sides, we get
T cos 45°
0 v H
òu ( g + kv2)dv = - ò0 dy …(i)
R
T
µR
Let g + kv2 = t Þ 0 + 2kvdv = dt

f=
1
Þ vdv = dt
°
45
2k mg cos 45°
sin
mg
g
Lower limit
m
45°
If v = u, then g + ku 2 = t Þ t = g + ku 2
Upper limit
For equilibrium, along the plane,
If v = 0, then g + k(0)2 = t Þ t = g
mR + T cos 45° = mg sin 45°
Putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
1 T mg
dt mR + = …(i)
g
2k H 2 2
òg+ ku2 t = - ò0 dy
For equilibrium, in direction perpendicular to inclined 25. As is from figure.

plane,
R = T sin 45° = mg cos 45° R α
T mg F
= =
2 2
α
m 1 mg sin α
Put in Eq. (i), (T + mg ) = - (mg - T ) mg cos α mg
2 2
F = mg sin a
m(50 + 15 ´ 10) = (15 ´ 10 - 50)
R = mg cos a
100 1
m= = F
200 2 = tan a
R
1 1 2s 1
22. From s = ut + at 2 = 0 + at 2 Þ t = i.e. m = tan a =
2 2 a 3
For smooth plane, a = g sin q \ cot a = 3
For rough plane, a , = g (sin q - m cos q) 26. As is clear from figure,
2s R + T = (m + M ) g
\ t¢ =
g (sin q - m cos q) R = (m + M ) g - T
2s The system will not move till,
= nt = n
g sin q
T £ F or (T £ mR)
\ n 2g (sin q - cos q) = g sin q T £ m[(m + M ) g = T ]
When q = 45° , m (m + M ) g
T£
sin q = cos q = 1 / 2 m+1
1 m (m + M ) g
Solving, we get m = 1 - 2 \ Fmax =
n m+1
23. Maximum force by surface when friction works, 27. In figure O is the centre of the bowl of radius r. The
F = f 2 + R2 = mR2 + R2 = R m 2 + 1 insect will crawl (from B to A ) till component of its
weight (mg ) along the bowl is balanced by the force of
Maximum force = R when there is no friction
limiting friction (f)
Hence, ranging from R to R m 2 + 1, we get
r O
Mg £ f £ Mg m 2 + 1 f y
R
24. For the smooth portion BC, A C
h
u = 0, s = l, g sin f, u = ? B
s
co
m
g
g
l B
m
s in
mg
mo oth
C S i.e mg sin q = f = mR = mmg cos q
l AC
φ Rough or m = tan q =
O OC
From v2 - u 2 = 2as, OA 2 - OC 2 r 2 - y2
= =
v2 - 0 = 2 g sin f ´ l OC y
For the rough portion CO, r 2 - y2
or m2 =
u = v = 2 g sin f × l y2
v = 0, a = g (sin f = m cos f ) m 2 y2 + y 2 = r 2
s=l r
y=
From v - u 2 = 2as,
2
2
m +1
0 - 2 gl sin f = 2 g (sin f - m cos f )l
h = BC = OB - OC = r - y
- sin f = sin f - m cos f
m cos f = 2 sin f r æ 1 ö÷
=r- = r ç1 -
2 ç 2 ÷
m = 2 tan f m +1 è m +1ø
mg mmg So, equating forces, we have

28. f1 = +
2 2 2 + mg sin q = f
mg mmg or 2 + mg sin q = m mg cos q …(i)
f2 = -
2 2 Similarly, block also does not move upto a maximum
F2 applied force of 10 N up the plane.
µ mg/√2
10 N
m N
mg/√2 θ
sin θ
mg mg cos θ
45° f mg
θ
F1 = 3 2 Now, equating forces, we have

1 + m = 3 - 3m mg sin q + f = 10 N
Þ 4m = 2 or mg sin q + mmg cos q = 10 …(ii)
1 Now, solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Þ m=
2 mg sin q = 4 ...(iii)
N = 10m and m mg cos q = 6 ...(iv)
Þ N =5 Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (iv), we get
29. Here, mass of the block, m = 200 kg, coefficient of static m cot q =
3
1 2
friction, m s = 0.5 =
2 3 tan q 3 tan 30°
Þ m= =
NF 2 2
R
3
200 kg
Þ m=
2
45° 200 g cos 45° 31. When friction is absent, ma1 = mg sin q
200 g sin 45° 200 g
45° a = g sin q
1
\ s1 = a1 t12 …(i)
Angle to inclined plane, q = 45° 2
Maximum force that each man can apply, F = 500 N m
Let N number of men are required for the block to just
start moving up the plane,
NF = mg sin q + f = mg sin q + m sR
= mg sin q + m smg cos q mg cos θ θ
= mg [sin q + m s cos q] mg sin θ
θ = 45°
æ 1 ö
NF = 200 ´ 10 çsin 45°+ cos 45° ÷
è 2 ø When friction is present, friction is in opposite to the
200 ´ 10 ´ 3 direction of motion,
=
2 2 a 2 = g sin q - m k g cos q
200 ´ 10 ´ 3 1
N = = 4.2 ~
-5 \ s2 = a 2 t22 …(ii)
2 2 ´ 500 2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
30. Block does not move upto a maximum applied force of 1 1
2 N down the inclined plane. a1 t12 = a2 t22
2 2
f
N Þ a1 t12 = a 2(n t1 )2 (Q t2 = n t1)
or a1 = n 2a 2
θ a 2 g sin q - m k g cos q 1
sin θ Þ = = 2
mg a1 g sin q n
mg cos θ
2+ mg g sin 45° - m k g cos 45° 1
θ or = 2
g sin 45° n
1 Net force causing acceleration is

or 1 - mk =
n2 Fnet = F cos 30° - f
1 = F cos 30° - mN
or mk = 1 -
n2 Þ Fnet = F cos 30° - m (mg - F sin 30° )
32. Case I Block is pushed over surface If acceleration is now a 2, then
F
a 2 = net
m
30°
F cos 30° - m (mg - F sin 30° )
=
F m
3 æ 1ö
20 ´ - 0.2ç5 ´ 10 - 20 ´ ÷
Free body diagram of block is 2 è 2ø
=
5
N
10 3 - 8
=
5
Þ a 2 » 1.8 ms -2
So, difference = a 2 - a1 = 1.8 - 1 = 0.8 ms -2
F cos 30°
30° 33. With full barrel length, the muzzle velocity of block is
f=µN 700 m/s and when 0.5 m is cut-off from the barrel , the
F muzzle velocity falls to 600 m/s. Hence, due to pressure
mg of powder, the velocity increases from 600 m/s to
700 m/s over a distance of 0.5 m.
F sin 30°
\ 7002 = 6002 + 2 ´ a ´ 0.5
In this case, normal reaction, \ a = 13 ´ 104 m /s 2
1 \ F = ma = 50 ´ 13 ´ 104
N = mg + F sin 30° = 5 ´ 10 + 20 ´ = 60 N
2 = 6.5 ´ 106 N
(Given, m = 5 kg, F = 20 N)
\ n =6
Force of friction, f = mN = 0.2 ´ 60 (Q m = 0.2)
= 12 N 34. Here, F = 2T (from FBD of pulley)
T
So, net force causing acceleration (a1 ) is F
T
Fnet = ma1 = F cos 30° - f
\ T =5N
3
Þ ma1 = 20 ´ - 12 But, T = ma
2
T 5
10 3 - 12 \ a= = = 5 m / s2
\ a1 = » 1 ms -2 m 1
5
Case II Block is pulled over the surface 35. For m2,
F T - m2g = m2(2a ) ...(i)
30° Free body diagram (FBD) of m2,
T
Free body diagram of block is, 2a
m2
F sin 30°
N m2 g
F
For m1, m1 g - 2m2 = m1 (a ) ...(ii)
30°
Free body diagram (FBD) of m1,
F cos 30°
2T
f=µN
a
m1 g
mg
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Using result of Eq. (i), we get
m1 g - 2m2 g = 4m2 a + m1a æa ö æaö
f ç + b÷ = N ç ÷
Þ a = 0 m /s 2 è2 ø è2ø
or T = m2g = 10 N Now, f = mmg and N = mg
For m, 2T = mg æa ö æaö
\ m mg ç + b÷ = mg ç ÷
20 è2 ø è2ø
Þ m= = 2 kg
10 æa ö a
Þ m ç + b÷ =
Free body diagram of m, è2 ø 2
2T As, m = 0.4
b 3
m \ =
a 4
mg b 3
Hence, 100 ´ = 100 ´ = 75
a 4
mg = 2T 38. Let m be the coefficient of kinetic friction between the
2 ´ 10 block and the inclined plane.
Þ m= = 2 kg
10
The free body diagram of the given situation is shown
36. Different forces acting on the inclined plane are shown below.
below.
F=µmgcos θ m
s v0/2
mg sin θ B
B
Smooth mg v0 µ
µ=ktan θ m 30°
C A
A While going from A to B, the acceleration of the block
As block stops at point A, this means work done by is
component of weight down the plane is dissipated in a1 = g sin 30° + mg cos 30°
doing work against friction. g mg 3
Þ mg sin q( AB) = mmg cos q( AC ) Þ a1 = +
2 2
Þ mg sin q(3 AC ) = mmg cos q( AC ) Þ a1 = 5 + 5 3 m …(i) (g = 10 ms -2)
Þ 3 tan q = m Let s be the distance between A and B.
Given, m = k tan q From third equation of motion,
Comparing both, we get v02 - 0 = 2a1s
Þ k =3 v2 v02
Þ s= 0 = …(ii)
37. According to the given situation, 2a1 2(5 + 5 3 m )
When the minimum force F capable to topple the block [using Eq. (i)]
is applied, the block will be on the verge of toppling. When the block comes back to its initial position (i.e.
v
a from B to A), its velocity is 0 .
F 2
b So, the acceleration of the block while coming from B
C mg N to A is
f
A a 2 = g sin 30°- mg cos 30°
As the block is not moving, we have friction f such g mg 3
Þ a2 = -
that 2 2
f =F … (i) Þ a2 = 5 - 5 3 m …(iii)
Also, note that reaction N acts from point A as block is Again, using third equation of motion, we get
at the verge of toppling. 2
æ v0 ö
To maintain the equilibrium, net torque about centre ç ÷ - 0 = 2a 2s
è2ø
of mass C is zero.
v02
æaö æaö Þ = 2a 2s
Þ F ×b + fç ÷ = Nç ÷ 4
è2ø è2ø
v02 F cos q = mN
Þ s=
8a 2 F sin q + N = mg
v02 mmg
Þ s= …(iv) Þ F =
8(5 - 5 3 m ) cos q + m sin q
1
[using Eq. (iii)] ´ 10
mmg
Equating Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get Fmin = = 3 =5N
1 + m2 2
v02 v02
= 3
2(5 + 5 3 m ) 8(5 - 5 3 m )
3
Þ 4(5 - 5 3 m ) = 5 + 5 3 m 40. a max = mg = ´ 9.8
7
Þ 20 - 20 3 m = 5 + 5 3 m F = (M + m) a max = 5 a max
Þ 25 3 m = 15 = 21 N
15 3
Þ m= = 41. N
25 3 5 3
3 T
Þ m=
5
346 µN T
Þ m = 0.346 =
1000
\ I = 346
9g
39. F
N + T = 90
θ
T = mN = 0.5 (90 - T )
1.5T = 45
N T = 30 N

Laws of Motion and Friction

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Laws of Motion and Friction

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06

Example 1. A block of metal weighing 2 kg is resting on a

Third Law of Motion

Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces T T

B (a) g/2 upwards, g downwards

Example 7. Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 4.8 kg tied to Acceleration, a =

(ii) Motion of blocks connected by massless m1m2

Example 8. As shown in figure A, B and C are 1 kg, 3 kg

Force of rolling friction fr is directly

(a) will have a magnitude p 3

16. A bag of sand of mass m is suspended by a rope. A

23. A shell is fired from a cannon with velocity v ms–1

Equilibrium of Forces 28. A ball of mass 1 kg hangs in equilibrium from two

46. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal 5 kg

g g g g (a) 4.9 ms -2 in horizontal direction

58. The coefficient of friction between a body and the

62. A body of mass 40 kg resting on a rough horizontal

(a) 1.47 ms–2 (b) 1.69 ms–2

(a) 20 N (b) 50 N 70. A block of mass m lying on a rough horizontal plane

66. A block of mass 1 kg is at rest on a horizontal table.

76. A heavy uniform chain lies on horizontal table top.

m 2m 17. The acceleration of system of two bodies over the

(a) –1 m/s 2 (b) 1.2 m/s 2 M

(a) cot a = 3 (b) sec a = 3 45°

35. For the situation shown in the figure, pulleys are

31. A smooth block is released at rest on a 45° incline

Using relation, F = ma 17. From the graph, it is a straight line, so it is showing

p 0 0 This must be equal to the momentum of the third part.

Þ T = 4 kg-wt ma cos a = mg sin a

30. When force F is applied on 2m from left, contact force, Mg

1 2 47. For solving the problem, we assume that observer is

2m1m2 Eq. (i) gives,

3g T1 5g g 56. Force applying on the block,

From the figure, g sin 45° 45°

59. Net downward acceleration As friction provide the retardation,

69. ma = mg sin q - f F1 sin q + m cos q

In this case, N = mg - F sin 37°, θ

2T cos q = mg 10. Mass of rope, M = 0.1 kg, q = 10°

14. For the motion of the block, a = g cos 60°

acceleration of the system. The equation of motion are

That means, it is not possible to climb up on the rope. 1

Let g + kv2 = t Þ 0 + 2kvdv = dt

For equilibrium, in direction perpendicular to inclined 25. As is from figure.

mg mmg So, equating forces, we have

F1 = 3 2 Now, equating forces, we have

1 Net force causing acceleration is

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