WRITTEN

COMMUNICATION
Dr. Lois Jose
What is Communication?
◦ Etymology of the term
◦ Originated from Latin – “Communico” or “Communicare”
◦ Original meaning of the term : To Share, To share publically
◦ Current usage : To share knowledge and information.
◦ Definition:
Communication means transfer of ideas, feelings, plans, messages, or
information from one person to another.
It is considered effective only when it gets the desired action or response.
Different forms of communication

• Vocal – using voice

• Written- using printed or digital media- books, magazines,
websites or emails.
• Visually – using logos, maps, charts or graphs
Speeches
• Non-verbally – using body language, gestures and the tone Presentations
Letters
and pitch of voice.
Seminars
Memo
Meetings
Minutes
Oral GD
Reports
Interviews
Written
Types of Written Communication

4 Types
Expository Writing • Mode of writing in which the author tries to
Persuasive Writing inform or explain the subject to the reader.
• It is intended to spread information and has a
Narrative Writing logical sequence
• Eg: Technical Writing, Encyclopedia
Descriptive Writing
Expository Writing
Travelling
There is nothing quite like traveling, like seeing a new place for the first time or
returning to a favorite one. People of all ages, from all around the world, go to foreign
places for different reasons – mainly, for work, family, and leisure. Whether by plane,
train, ship or by automobile, traveling is generally a pleasurable experience, at least for
the people who can financially afford comfortable and safe methods of travel. But it
has more benefits than satisfying one’s need to make money, like, for example, to see
loved ones and enjoy oneself on vacation. There are other benefits of traveling worth
mentioning and trying out.
Persuasive Writing

Persuasive Writing • States the opinion of the writer precisely.

• It tries to influence the reader using
justifications, arguments and reasons.
• Eg: Editorial Pieces, Critical analysis
Persuasive Writing
Travelling
Travelling is not about the destination but the journey itself. That’s why I choose to travel as a
backpackers most of the time without any traveling agency, and If I’m lost, let it be habibi, I like
the hassle and I like the troubles doing my very own stuff. Along the way to my destinations, I
learn a lot, the people that I met along the way, really makes the journey a memorable day, I
learn to appreciate my life more and more. I travel not to compare what’s good about my own
country or what’s bad about other country and it’s people, I travel to understand how other
people lives, to see their culture, to make a connections. We should be happy and always be
grateful wherever we are born, we are not asking to be born here (in our very own country) and
they too are not asking to be born there, it’s "God" decision and what we can do is to make
friends all over the world.
Narrative Writing

Narrative Writing • The author tells a story, often using first

person narrative.
• It is either personal or imaginative.
• Eg: stories, poems
 Narrative Writing
Travelling
It is hard for me to remember much about my first trip abroad (to Egypt, namely) because it was about fifteen
years ago and I was almost a child at that time, so a lot of memories have been lost somewhere on the way.
But the only thing I remember about that trip is that everything from the very beginning went wrong – not terribly
wrong; it was this mildly frustrating “wrong” that doesn’t actually cause any harm or problems, but makes the
whole experience of something a bit specific – not the way you would like it to be.
To begin with, the flight was first delayed and then canceled due to sudden and terrible deterioration of the
weather. Some altercations with the travel agency followed, apologies received, but we didn’t manage to fly
anywhere that day.
When the time finally came, we, surprisingly got to our destination without any problems. They awaited us in
Egypt. What do people usually go to Egypt for? To look at the Pyramids, of course, and that was the idea of our
group, but, due to some problems, we didn’t manage to get to the necessary excursion. The weather for the
entirety of our stay there was rather cloudy (which is unusual for Egypt), so the usual option of sunbathing was
also out of the question for some time. And, to crown it all, at the day of our departure a terrible, never-ending
rain started, which, according to the owner of our hotel, happened for the first time in the last 17 years.
Descriptive Writing

Descriptive Writing • A type of expository writing that uses our

sensual experiences to elaborately define
things.
• This method employ detailed imageries.
• Eg: Diaries, Journals
 Descriptive Writing
Travelling
Out of many places I visited all around the world, the place I like the most is the beautiful city of Agra. It’s
a quite town located on the North of India. When we talk about Agra one image that comes in mind is Taj Mahal. Yes
one of the seven wonders is here. Agra is full of architectural monuments. And I also visited Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri,
and Buland Darwazaand. Food was not really good. Besides Taj Mahal, Agra is famous for handicrafts, leather and
fine arts. It was fun shopping at Agra.
Taj Mahal. (Mahal is the word in urdu language used for Palace) How can I describe The Taj Mahal? You
can’t its impossible. You just have to experience it. To gaze in wonder at that magnificent dome and elegant gardens
will be a moment that you remember for the rest of your life. It is one of the greatest sights in the world, some say
the greatest, and like Victoria Falls, The Grand Canyon, and Macchu Picchu, it simply is one of those things you have
to see in your life. The architectural grace and symmetry of the Taj Mahal just takes your breath away. We had
chosen our visit carefully--the sun was setting and the light that washed over the Taj was golden in color. The
minarets were now stark against the setting sun . The actual dome was a surprise, it is not yellow-white but blue-
white and covered in inscriptions and detail. From below it looked like something out of "Arabian Nights." But inside
were the tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. The central tomb is a lofty chamber with light streaming through
fine latticework, and hanging above was an elaborate lamp. Words cannot describe its beauty when you stand on
that marble platform overlooking the Yamuna, with the setting sun turning it into a golden ribbon.
Writing for Special Purposes
◦ Journalist – Newspaper Reports
◦ Reports for college Magazines or other journals
◦ Academic Writing – Exams, Assignments, Projects, Thesis, Research Papers

◦ Features of Academic Writing

◦ Formal tone
◦ Unbiased Expressions
◦ Provides evidence through research
◦ Clarity with regards to structure
◦ Provides accurate information devoid of plagiarism.
Plagiarism
◦ Definition
◦ Plagiarism is appropriating and stealing information that
belongs to another person.
◦ Instances of Plagiarism
◦ Not using quotation marks while quoting others
◦ Giving incorrect citation details
◦ Copying ideas and words without acknowledging the author.
How to improve effectiveness in writing?

◦ Use proper punctuation marks, correct spelling and make the vocabulary updated
◦ Avoid slangs, abbreviations
◦ Reduce use of jargons
◦ Have a structured process: plan, draft, edit and format.
◦ Identify a topic
◦ Research and collect information
◦ Outline and plan
◦ Start with a draft
◦ Review
◦ Edit
◦ Format
How to improve effectiveness in writing?
◦ Know the audience/ target reader
◦ Familiarise yourself with writing and editing software that can help in the
process.
◦ Google Docs
◦ Proof reading softwares : Grammarly, Hemingway editor