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The International Ecotourism Society, 2015

“Ecotourism is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas

that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of
the local people, and involves interpretation and education”

Ecotourism Association of Australia, 2011

“Ecotourism is ecologically sustainable tourism with a

primary focus on experiencing natural areas that fosters
environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation
and conservation”

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 Ecotourism refers to forms of tourism which
have the following characteristics:
o All nature-based forms of tourism in which
the main motivation of the tourists is the
observation and appreciation of nature and
traditional cultures in natural areas.
o It contains educational and interpretation
features.
o It is generally, but not exclusively organised
by specialised tour operators for small
groups.
o It minimises negative impacts upon the
natural and socio-cultural environment.
o It supports the maintenance of natural areas
which are used as ecotourism attractions.

Designed by Roni Khoiron

Designed by Roni Khoiron
Early Ecotourism
o Ecotourism was first conceptualized in the early
1980s as a type of travel for people who wanted
to learn about different and exotic environments
without causing the environmental harm or
damage associated with other forms of tourism.
o Ecotourism became an official term in 1982 when
it was recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary.
o Ecotourism was born as one of alternative tourism
to protest against the existence of mass tourism.

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Sustainable Tourism
Responsible Tourism
Nature Tourism
Agrotourism
Rural Tourism
Cultural Tourism
Community-Based Tourism
Pro-Poor Tourism
Ecotourism

Designed by Roni Khoiron

o Easy Accessibility
o Challenging and Educative Activities
o High Awareness to protect the
environment
o Wishing to be perceived as different
as eco-friendly
o Generating incomes opportunities
for the locals
o Helping to protect sensitive
environment

Designed by Roni Khoiron

WHY
DOES ECOTOURISM
MATTER?
 WHY ECOTOURISM MATTER?
• Focuse on unadulterated, pristine and natural
environments
• Build cultural and environmental awareness
• Encourage positive experience both visitors and locals
• Minimize the negative effects of tourism activities
• Boost employment and financial opportunities for local
• Provide financial benefits for conservation
• Support human rights, economic empowerment, and
democratic movements in a destination
• Develop positive partnership for all stakeholders

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Designed by Roni Khoiron
Designed by Roni Khoiron
CONSERVATION
EDUCATION

ECONOMY

PARTICIPATION

ENTERTAIN

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 Strengthened local institutions to manage and govern
protected area sustainably

Design and operate low-impact ecotour activities

and facilities

Provide financial benefits for conservation

Using eco-friendly technology such as biogas, solar

electricity, recycled material and other energy saving
resources

Utilize biodiversity and cultural resources in

sustainable ways

Pay attention to environment’s carrying capacity

in destinations
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 Transfer knowledge and skills through interpretation

Generate inspiration and lead to new attitude, knowledge

And behaviour

Build sensitivy, respect and appreciation both cultural

and natural environment

Build environment ethics among host destination

communities

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 Generate local incomes through enterpreneurhip

Create job opportunities and diversify livelihoods of

people in and near protected areas

Provide financial benefit for the investors

Drive regional development at the local and

national level

Provide direct economic insentives for conservation

through donations, retributions, contributions and
extra spendings
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 Involve local people to plan, manage and develop
tourism activities

Acknowledge the rights and spiritual beliefs of

the Indigenous People inhabiting the land

Encouraging local people to play an active role in

tourism activities

Work in partnership with the community

to build empowerment

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 Provide accurate and up to date information

Provide safety, convinience and satisfaction for

travellers

Provide positive experiences for tourists through

contact with local culture

Provide a memorable interpretive experience

to increase awareness and sensitivity to the natural
and cultural environment in destination

Ensure tourism activities are sustainable

Designed by Roni Khoiron

Designed by Roni Khoiron
Designed by Roni Khoiron
Designed by Roni Khoiron
 Ecological Environment Nature & Culture Locally Generate
Sustainable Educative Based Beneficial Satisfaction

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PACKED LIGHT

SAVE WATER

SAVE ENERGY

REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE

BUY LOCAL
USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Designed by Roni Khoiron

Designed by Roni Khoiron
Designed by Roni Khoiron
 PLUS MINUS ECOTOURISM
PLUS MINUS
Incentives for conservation of natural areas Indirect damage of vegetation
Education about environment ethics Decay of habitats
Advocacy for conservation with development Disturbance of wildlife
Generates income for local people Pollutions; air, water, soil, noise pollution
Job opportunities for local people Massive commercialization of natural resources
Promotion of local economy Leakage of income
Sustainable infrastructures building Increase unhealthy economic
Balance economic development Competition and economic gap among locals
Promotion and conservation of various local cultures Various social problems
Education for the importance cultures Undesirable commercialization of cultural and religious
assets
Diversification of cultural activities Crowd an desirable behavior of visitors
Cultural exchange

Designed by Roni Khoiron

 PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM
For Environment
Potential Positives of Ecotourism Potential Negatives of Ecotourism
Connects tourists to nature (they are more likely to adopt Increase in pollution, carbon emissions, and
sustainable habits) contamination
Incentivizes governments to support conservation Changes in soil
Supports the research of environment and ecotourism Ecosystem fragmentation
Supports biodiversity and species awareness Introduction of invasive species
Reduces poaching and illegal animal trade Overfishing and harvesting to supply food for tourists
Reduces land exploitation from deforestation and fossil Change in species behavior
fuels
Locals more tolerant of disturbances from wildlife Increased tourist/wildlife conflict
Increased mortality of species from roadkill, etc.

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 PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM
For Economy
Potential Positives of Ecotourism
Economic incentive to conserve and protect nature
Jobs and income for residents
Diversifies economy
Financial support of conservation through tourism fees
Encourages local manufactures and crafts
Enable locals to learn new skills and trade
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Potential Negatives of Ecotourism
Seasonal job loss during low season
Tourism leakage to international companies
Locals in low wage jobs; no room for growth
Over dependency on tourism
Inflation and exclusion of local land owners
Unequal distribution of benefits
 PROS AND CONS OF ECOTOURISM
For Social
Potential Positives of Ecotourism Potential Negatives of Ecotourism
Improved standard of living for locals Commodification of local culture and traditions
Intercultural understanding Decline in traditional crafts and trade
Inclusion of Indigenous voices Destabilization of communities
Appreciation for cultural heritage and traditions Exploitation of women and children
Encourage conservation of culture, crafts, and arts Displacement of local communities
Puts conservation in the hands of local people and Loss of subsistence access
governments
Locals and Indigenous Peoples losing land-right access
Stress from over-tourism

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 Identify some redflags of
ecotourism activities relate to
natural environment, culture,
economy and education!
Designed by Roni Khoiron
Designed by Roni Khoiron