Babur (1526-1530) conquered India

and founded Mughal Empire

Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size
of Mughal Empire. -built a strong
central gov.
Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged
Persian culture in India
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted
literature and arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the
growth of Sunni Islam
Mughals created a vast empire that
was secular. It ushered a new era of
Indian civilization termed as the
Mughlai Culture
Babur (1526-1530) conquered India
and founded Mughal Empire
Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size
of Mughal Empire. -built a strong
central gov.
Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged
Persian culture in India
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted
literature and arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the
growth of Sunni Islam
Mughals created a vast empire that
was secular. It ushered a new era of
Indian civilization termed as the
Mughlai Culture
Babur (1526-1530) conquered India
and founded Mughal Empire
Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size
of Mughal Empire. -built a strong
central gov.
Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged
Persian culture in India
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted
literature and arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the
growth of Sunni Islam
Mughals created a vast empire that
was secular. It ushered a new era of
Indian civilization termed as the
Mughlai Culture
Babur (1526-1530) conquered India
and founded Mughal Empire
Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size
of Mughal Empire. -built a strong
central gov.
Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged
Persian culture in India
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted
literature and arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the
growth of Sunni Islam
Mughals created a vast empire that
was secular. It ushered a new era of
Indian civilization termed as the
Mughlai Culture
Babur (1526-1530) conquered India
and founded Mughal Empire
Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size
of Mughal Empire. -built a strong
central gov.
Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged
Persian culture in India
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted
literature and arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the
growth of Sunni Islam
Mughals created a vast empire that
was secular. It ushered a new era of
Indian civilization termed as the
Mughlai Culture
Write a short note on the consciousness of Muslim Identity in the Subcontinent or
on Advent of Islam in the Subcontinent

 An important historical event that has influenced the Indian Subcontinent's

cultural, social, and religious environment for more than a thousand years is the
arrival of Islam. In the Subcontinent, the growth of Islam and the emergence of
a distinctive Muslim identity have had a significant and enduring influence.
Here is a quick summary:

 Islam's introduction: In the seventh century CE, Arab traders and trade led to the
introduction of Islam to the Indian Subcontinent. It is thought that the Cheraman
 Juma Mosque in Kerala, India's first mosque, was constructed in the seventh
century. The spread of Islam among the indigenous populace started over time.

 Medieval Period: The presence of several Islamic dynasties and rulers during
the medieval period gave the development of Islam in the Subcontinent a boost.
Islam became the dominant religion in the area as a result of the Delhi Sultanate
(12th–16th century) and the Mughal Empire (16th–18th century) playing a vital
part in this process.

 Cultural syncretism: Through interaction, Islamic and indigenous civilizations

were able to create a special synthesis of traditions that gave rise to a rich
cultural and architectural history. The art, literature, and architecture of the time
show a blending of Persian, Central Asian, and Indian influences.

 There have been instances of religious tolerance and coexistence between

Hindus and Muslims in the Subcontinent, despite times of strife. Important Sufi
saints were instrumental in advancing harmony, tolerance, and peace.

 Partition and Modern Identity: The Subcontinent's Muslim identity was

significantly impacted by the 1947 division of India into Pakistan and India.
Pakistan was established as a separate country for Muslims, emphasizing the
residents' shared religious heritage. India, in contrast, established a secular
constitution, although Muslims still make up a sizable portion of the population.
 The history of the spread of Islam over the Indian Subcontinent is a complex
one, reflecting the varied and dynamic past of the area. It emphasizes how
politics, culture, and religion interact, and how this history's enduring impact
still influences millions of people's lives and identities in the Subcontinent
today.

Write a note on the rise of Mughal empire in the subcontinent and give
its achievements in fields of Business, culture, Technology and
Administration

 Mughal Dynasty 1527-1707 & 1757-1857

 Babur (1526-1530) conquered India and founded Mughal Empire
 Humayun (1530–1540 and 1555–1556)
 Akbar (1556-1605) -expanded size of Mughal Empire. -built a strong central gov.

 Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged Persian culture in India

 Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged Persian culture in India
 Jahangir (1605-1627)-encouraged Persian culture in India
 Shah Jahan (1628-1658)-promoted literature and art
 Aurangzeb (1658-1707)-supported the growth of Sunni Islam

 Mughals created a vast empire that was secular. It ushered a new era of Indian
civilization termed as the Mughlai Culture
 Mughals created a vast empire that was secular. It ushered a new era of Indian
civilization termed as the Mughlai Culture
 Mughals created a vast empire that was secular. It ushered a new era of Indian
civilization termed as the Mughlai Culture
 Mughals created a vast empire that was secular. It ushered a new era of Indian
civilization termed as the Mughlai Culture
 Mughals created a vast empire that was secular. It ushered a new era of Indian
civilization termed as the Mughlai Culture

 Mughals greatly promoted Indian economy and culture such as;

- Textile cottage industry
- Well organized system of tax collection
- Promotion of road networks
- Organized irrigation system
- Large scale of production
- Export to Europe and far east

 Mughals promoted Inter marriages to create homogenous society

 They were great in promoting cultural harmony
 Ideas discussions about Deene Ilahi
 Poetry, literature and Sufi influence promoted
 Assimilated Art and Architecture aspects of India with the Muslim
(Turkish & Persian art
 They promoted fusion of Food, Dress , Jewellery, Music, Dance

Mughal Achievements
Trade and Commerce
The economy generally did well. The business benefited from a road system and a uniform
currency throughout much of the country. Under Shah Jahan and Aurangazeb, the economy of
the empire was probably higherJehangir gave the British East India Company trading rights
in Surat. This broke the Portuguese monopoly in the Arabian Sea, and also let the
BEIC perpetually extend its monopoly

Technology
Babur is credited with the first use of canons in India which he used as a means of countering
the Sultanate's elephants. The Mughals also pioneered the use of rockets that they used
in several wars. Mughal astronomers made much progress with observational astronomy.
Mughal alchemy also made notable progress.

Cultural Achievements
The Mughals ushered in the golden age of Indo-
Persian culture especially with respect to art
and architecture
In some ways this is responsible for the
development of the Urdu and Hindi
languages. They were great patrons of Urdu
poets like Mir Taqi Mir, Ustad Zauq and
Mirza Ghalib
One of Akbar's great achievements was
establishing a great degree of religious
tolerance, which survived for almost 50
years after his death. He built alliances with
the Rajputs (who till then were always at war
with the Muslim rule in Delhi) and allowed
 some Hindus to rise up to powerful positions
in his court
Both Biryani and Haleem are said to have had
their very humble beginnings in Akbar's
Mughal army
Though all the Great Mughals built memorable
monuments, Shah Jahan led construction of
great building such as the Taj Mahal, the Red
Fort and several mosques. He hoped to
make Agra an urban center to rival Istanbul
(Constantinople).
Urban Planning:

Construction of opulent structures, forts, and gardens marked a crucial period of urban
development in Mughal capitals like Delhi, Agra, and Lahore. Cities like this developed
became hubs of trade and culture.

Cuisine:

The Mughals brought a variety of delectable foods to the Indian subcontinent, such as biryani,
kebabs, and several kinds of bread like naan and paratha.

Legacy:
In India, the Mughal Empire has a long-lasting legacy that has influenced art, culture, and
architecture. In today's Indian society, its effects are still evident.