Faculty of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department

Prepared by
Safeen Yaseen Jafar Supervisor
Ibrahim Ali Dr. Aso Abdulkareem
Rivan Dler Ali
Ramazan Shkur Kakl
Outline
• Introduction.
• Oil Refinery Process Overview.
• Distillation Unit Overview.
• CDU & VDU.
• Treatment Unit.
• Catalytic Reforming.
• Conclusion.
• References.
Introduction
• What is Crude Oil ?
Introduction
• What is Crude Oil refinery?
Introduction
• Who are biggest countries that import and export crude oil?
Oil Refinery Process

Three Main Stages Of Crude Oil Refining

Processes are:

Separation Treating Conversion

Oil Refinery Process Overview
Fuel Gas
Sulfur
C3 LPG
C4 LPG

Kerosene
P-Gasoline
R-Gasoline

Auto Diesel
Heating oil

Haring Diesel
HF-oil
Bunker oil
Distillation Units

distillation process
aims to separate
this crude oil into
broad categories of
its component
hydrocarbons, or
"fractions."
CDU & VDU PFD

Schematic of
distillation column or
CDU:
Distillation Units
Atmospheric Distillation Unit (ADU):
is the first and most fundamental
step in the refining process.
Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU):
is distillation performed under
reduced pressure, which allows
the purification of compounds
not readily distilled at ambient
pressures.
CDU & VDU PFD
Treatment Unit
The purpose of a treatment unit:
is primarily to remove sulfur and other contaminants from
intermediate streams before blending into a finished refined
product or before being fed into another refinery process unit.

Impurities should be removed are:

• Sulfur
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Metals
Treatment Unit

Desulfurization Denitrification
Treatment Unit
Catalytic Reforming
What is Catalytic Reforming?
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphtha
crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called
reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline.

What is the main goal of Catalytic Reforming?

a. Net Hydrogen for other processes (hydrodesulfurization)

b. Producing high octane gasoline

How Catalytic Reforming works?

Catalytic Reforming
Conclusion
What we learned in this presentation?
- Crude Oil and crude oil refinery definition.
- Which countries are the largest importer and exporter
of crude oil?
- How crude oil distillation occur?
- Treatment unit and their reaction?
- Catalytic Reforming Unit description.
References
1. Eia.gov. (2016). Refining crude oil - the refining process - U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA). [online] Available at: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-
petroleum-products/refining-crude-oil-the-refining-process.php. [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].
2. Maveng (2016). Atmospheric Distillation. [online] Available at:
http://www.maveng.com/index.php/business-streams/industrial/refining/atmospheric-
distillation [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].
3. EnggCyclopedia. (2012). Vacuum Distillation Unit. [online] Available at:
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/vacuum-distillation-unit/. [Accessed 18 Feb.
2022].
4. www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com. (2021). Hydrotreater. [online] Available at:
https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-
desk/hydrotreater/#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20a%20hydrotreater [Accessed 18
Feb. 2022].
5. Speight, J.G. (2020). Refinery Of The Future. [ebook] Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128169940/the-refinery-of-the-future#book-
info [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].