Geol.

405: Stratigraphy
Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)
Fall 2020
BS III
Instructor: Tofeeq Ahmad
Department of Earth Sciences
The University of Haripur

Lecture 20

Ganghar Ranges

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 Content Outlines

•Location/Geological Map

•Stratigraphic Column

•Detail of Formations

•Summary

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Map showing location of Ganghar Ranges 3
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 Stratigraphy of Ghandghar Range

Stratigraphic column
The southern Gandghar Range is composed of a succession of marine strata of
probable Proterozoic age, consisting of a thick basal argillaceous sequence
(Manki Formation) overlain by algal limestone and shale (Shahkot, Utch
Khattak, and Shekhai formations).

Age Formation Block

Tanawal Formation
Pre-Cambrian Sobrah Formation NE
Block
Manki Formation
Gandaf Formation

Age Formation Block

Tanawal Formation
Shekhai Formation
Pre-Cambrian SE Block
Utch-Khattak Formation
Shakot Bala Formation
Manki Formation
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 Gandaf Formation
➢Pogue et al 1995, introduces the term
Type Locality
➢Village Gandaf, 3km north of Tarbela Dam
Lithology
➢At type locality; calcareous and carbonaceous phyllite, marble having
interbeds of quartz-mica schists
Thickness/Distribution
➢Di Pietro 1999, extended Gandaf Formation northward along indus river to the
Besham area
➢At type locality it is 500m thick
Fossils
➢Not documented
Age
➢According to relative dating of intrusion of mafic dykes/sills and its radiometric
dating; suggest that Precambrian age
Contact
➢Lower: base not exposed
➢Upper: conformable with Manki Formation
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 Sobrah Formation
➢Pogue et al 1995, introduces the term
Type Locality
➢Village Sobrah, 5km S-SW of Tarbela Dam
Lithology
➢Consists of dolomite; at places arenaceous and quartzitic
Thickness/Distribution
➢It has very limited and restricted lateral extent; thins out abruptly
➢At type locality it is 200m thick
Fossils
➢Not documented
Age
➢According to superposition b/w Manki and Tanawal Formation;
Late-Precambrina
Contact
➢Lower: unconformable with Manki Formation
➢Upper: unconformable with Tanawal Formation 7
 Tanawal Formation
➢Middlemiss 1896, Tanol quartzite
➢Ali 1962, Latif 1970, Butt 1972; called Tanol Formation
➢Pascoe 1959, change the spelling from Tanol to Tanawal
Type Locality
➢After village Tanol
Lithology
➢Quartzite with interbeds of dark phyllite
➢Quartzite; well bedded, thin-medium bedded, cross bedding common
➢In NE of Tarbela; argillaceous content and metamorphic grade increases
Thickness/Distribution
➢Tanawal Formation confines to west and north of Khairabad-Panjal Fault
➢At Haripur Ali 1962, estimated 1500m thickness
Fossils
➢Fossil less
Age
➢Intruded by Mansehra granitic complex age is assigned as Late Precambrian
contact
➢Lower: conformable with Hazara Formation (SE Hazara), unconformable with
Sobrah Formation NE of Ghandghar Range
➢Upper: unconformable with Abbottabad Group (SE Hazara) and Shekhai
Formation SE of Ghandghar Range 8
Age Formation Block
Tanawal Formation
Pre-Cambrian Sobrah Formation NE Block
Manki Formation
Gandaf Formation

Age Formation Block

Tanawal Formation
Shekhai Formation
Pre-Cambrian Utch-Khattak SE Block
Formation
Shakot Bala Formation
Manki Formation 9
REFERENCE

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Questions/Comments?

THANK YOU

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