I.

The
3. 5. Multiple
Adiploid Choice
sexually (36 number
points)animal
reproducing
chromosome has two unlinked
of the grasshopper is 24. Whichgenes, one forterms
of the following
head
best shape
describes (H) and grasshopper
an individual one for tailwith
length
a total(T). Its genotype
chromosome numberisofHhTt.
23?
1. IfWhich
the somatic
of thecells of a diploid
following organism
genotypes is have 24 total
possible in achromosomes,
gamete fromhow
this many
a. trisomy are expected
organism?
chromosomes b. in
triploid c. organism?
a gamete of that monosomy d. haploid

4. Which of
a.a.the
t6 following terms b.
bestHhTt
b.describes
12 the grasshopper
c. Hhc. in24question 13?
d. HT d. 48
a. euploid b. aneuploid c. polyploid d. haploid
2. If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which
5. 6.
Some InSouthwest
certainis plants,
following an tall
appropriate
American is dominant
Indians description toofshort.
have a relativelyitshigh If a heterozygous
contents?
frequency plant of
of albinism (absence
is pigmentation)
skin crossed withresulting
a homozygous tall plant,
from homozygosity for awhat is the
recessive probability
allele, that
a. A normally
the offspring
a. Itman
pigmented hasandwill
half be amount
the
woman, short?
each ofof DNAhas
whom as an
thealbino
starting cellhave
parent, thattwo
began meiosis
children.
What isb.theItprobability
has the samethat both children
number are albino?
of chromosomes as the starting cell that began mei
a. 1each chromosome
b. 1/4 has c. 0
different d. 1/2
alleles e. 3/4
than the other daughter cell from th
a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 1/8 d. 1/16
meiosis
c. It has half the number of chromosomes but twice the amount of DNA as the
6. Female ants (Myrmecia pilosula) carry all genetic information in a single pair of homologous
chromosomes cell
(2nthat
= 2).began
Which meiosis
of the following figures would most likely represent a correct
7. Which of the following
d. Itofischromosomes statements
identical in content is truedaughter
to the Iother of linkage?cell from the same meiosis
configuration in a metaphase cell of a female ant?
a. the closer
3. A researcher two
studied genes are onassorting
3 independently a chromosome,
genes in athe lower
plant. Eachthegene has a do
probability
allele and that
a recessive a crossover
allele: R – black will
stem,occur between
r – red stem; Dthem
– tall plant, d – dwarf pla
b. linked genes are found on different chromosomes
full pods, c – constricted pods. From the cross RrDdCc x RrDdCc, what is the probabi
c. the closer two genes are on a chromosome, the higher the
obtaining the RRDDCC genotype in the offspring?
a. probabilityb. that a crossover c. will occur between
d. them
d. two genes can never be completely linked
Each question
Each question is
is worth
worth two
two points.
points.

1. Three
1. Three of
of the
the following
following events
events occur
occur with
with both
both mitosis
mitosis and
and meiosis,
meiosis,
but only
but only one
one of
of these
these events
events occurs
occurs with
with meiosis.
meiosis. Which
Which one
one
occurs only
occurs only with
with meiosis?
meiosis?

a.
a. DNA replicates
DNA replicates
b.
b. spindle apparatus
spindle apparatus forms
forms
c.
c. homologous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes pair
pair
d.
d. sister chromatids
sister chromatids segregate
segregate

2. Which
2. Which of
of the
the following
following is
is true
true of
of a
a diploid
diploid species
species that
that has
has a
a
haploid chromosome
haploid chromosome number
number ofof n
n== 16?
16?

a.
a. each cell
each cell has
has 16
16 total
total chromosomes
chromosomes
b.
b. each cell
each cell has
has 16
16 homologous
homologous pairspairs of
of chromosomes
chromosomes
c.
c. during S
during S phase
phase there
there will
will be
be 8
8 chromosomes
chromosomes
d.
d. a gamete
a gamete from
from this
this species
species has
has 88 chromosomes
chromosomes

3. If
3. If a
a cell
cell has
has completed
completed the
the first
first meiotic
meiotic division
division and
and is
is just
just
beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate
Biology 260: Exam 1 (75 points) Name:_____________________________
Fall 2015

I. Multiple Choice (20 points) Circle the correct answer to each question.

1. 8. Below
A cross is a between
is made map of four genes,
a yellow, roundA,plant
B, C and
with theD, on a chromosome.
genotype YyRr and a
green, wrinkledwhich
Between plant with
twothe genotype
genes yyrr.you
would What is the predicted
expect the highest
phenotypic
frequencyoutcome of the offspring?
of recombination?
a. 9 yellow, round: 3 yellow, wrinkled: 3 green, round: 1 green, wrinkled
A b. B 3 green, C
3 yellow, round: round: 1 yellow, wrinkled: 1 D
green, wrinkled
c. 3 yellow, round: 1 green, wrinkled
d. 1 yellow, round: 1 yellow, wrinkled: 1 green, round: 1 green, wrinkled
4 3 10
2. A person with type AB blood has a child with a person with type O blood.
What are the possible blood types of the child?
a. A and B b. B and C c. A and D d. C and A
a. A and B c. A, B, AB, and O
b. A, B, and O d. O only

3. 9. Some Southwest
In Shorthorn cattle, coatAmerican Indians
color is controlled by have
a singlea gene
relatively
that canhigh
exist as a
frequency
red allele ofallele.
or white albinism (absence
Heterozygotes of askin
have colorpigmentation) resulting
called roan, which,
when examined
from carefully, is for
homozygosity dueatorecessive
a mixture ofallele,
completely
a. Ared hairs and
normally
completely white man
pigmented hairs. and
This woman,
is an example
eachof of whom has an albino parent,
a. complete dominance
have two children. What is the c. incomplete dominance
probability that both children are
b. codominance d. multiple alleles
albino?
4. Which of the following is not necessarily true of the two chromosomes in a
 inheritance of fur color in these cows?

10. Consider an organism

a. Two dominant thatare
alleles is heterozygous
involved; bothfor two genes
parents werelocated
on the same chromosome, AB/ab. If a single crossover occurs
homozygotes
between
b. Two the genes in
recessive everyare
alleles cellinvolved;
undergoing
bothmeiosis
parents(i.e.
werein 100%
of meiotic cells), what is the recombination frequency between
heterozygotes
the
c. genes?
An allele for red fur is dominant to an allele for white fur; the
roan cow is heterozygous
a.
d. 50% b. fur
An allele for red 100%
is dominant c. 0%allele d.
to an for 25%
white fur; the
roan cow is homozygous

11. Consider three independently assorting gene pairs, A/a, B/b, and
13. C/c, where
Pigment in each demonstrates
the mouse typical dominance
is only produced when the C (A/-, B/-,isand
allele
C/-) and recessiveness
present. (a/a,ccb/b,
Individuals of the and c/c).
genotype haveWhat is the probability
no color. If color is
of obtaining
present, it isan offspring that
determined is AABbCc
by the from parents
A and a alleles. AA orthat are
Aa results
AaBbCC and AABbCc?
in agouti colored coats, while aa results in black coats. This is an
example of
a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 1/8 d. 1/6 d. 1/16
a. polygenic inheritance c. epistasis
b. codominance d. incomplete dominance

14. On a fox ranch, a mutation arose that gave a “platinum” coat

 a. polygenic inheritance c. epistasis
b. codominance d. incomplete dominance

14. On a fox ranch, a mutation arose that gave a “platinum” coat

color, which became very popular with buyers of fox coats. However,
breeders could not develop a true-breeding platinum strain of foxes.
Every time two platinums were crossed, some normal foxes appeared
in the progeny (for example, repeated matings of the same pair of
platinums produced 82 platinum and 38 normal progeny). This
mutant allele is most likely behaving as

a. an incomplete dominant allele

b. a recessive lethal allele
c. a codominant allele
d. a multiple allele
8.!!The!phenomenon!in!which!genes!on!the!same!chromosome!are!separated!from!
! each!other!during!meiosis!and!new!combinations!of!alleles!are!formed!is!known!
! as!
! 4.!Which!of!the!following!is!not!necessarily!true!of!the!two!chromosomes!that!make!
! !
! up!a!homologous!pair?!
a.!!synapsis! ! ! ! ! c.!!linkage!
! ! b.!!recombination! ! ! ! d.!!disjunction!
! a. they!have!the!same!length!and!shape!
b. they!have!the!same!centromere!position!
9.!!If!gene!A!is!linked!to!gene!B,!gene!B!is!linked!to!gene!C,!and!gene!C!is!linked!to!
c. they!have!the!same!genes!in!the!same!position!along!their!length!
gene!D,!then!gene!A&must!display!genetic!linkage!with!gene!D.!!
! d. they!have!the!same!alleles!in!the!same!position!along!their!length!
! !! ! a.!!True! ! ! ! b.!!False!!
! !
5.!!A!researcher!studied!3!independently!assorting!genes!in!a!plant.!!Each!gene!has!a!
10.!!A!recombination!frequency!between!two!genes!that!is!greater!than!1%!but!less!
dominant!allele!and!a!recessive!allele:!!R!–!black!stem,!r&–!red!stem;!D!–!tall!plant,!
than!50%!implies!that!!
! d!–!dwarf!plant;!C!–!full!pods,!c!–!constricted!pods.!!From!the!cross!Rr&Dd&Cc!x!Rr&
Dd&Cc,!what!is!the!probability!of!obtaining!the!rr&dd&cc!genotype!in!the!offspring?!!
a. two!genes!display!incomplete!linkage!because!they!are!on!the!same!
!
chromosome!
! ! a.!!1/4!! ! b.!!1/8!! ! c.!!1/16! ! d.!!1/64!!!
b. two!genes!display!complete!linkage!because!they!are!very!close!together!
!
on!the!same!chromosome!
!
c. two!genes!do!not!display!genetic!linkage!because!they!are!very!far!apart!
on!the!same!chromosome!!!
d. two!genes!do!not!display!genetic!linkage!because!they!are!on!different!
chromosomes!
!
13. Which of Mendel’s laws of inheritance apply only to pea plants and not to other
13.organisms?
Which of Mendel’s laws of inheritance apply only to pea plants and not to other
organisms?
11. Five plants of the same genotype are different shades of green. This is likely an
a. the of
example law of segregation
b.a.the
thelaw lawofofindependent
segregation assortment
c.b.both
a. the
the law law of segregation
of independent
incomplete dominance and the law of
assortment c. independent assortment only
incomplete penetrance
c.apply
both to peas,
the
b. codominancelaw ofbecause that was
segregation andall
thethat
lawMendel studied
d.of variable
independent assortment only
expressivity
d. both
apply thetolaw of segregation
peas, because thatandwasthe
alllaw
thatofMendel
independent
studiedassortment apply
d.toboth
all organisms that reproduce
the law of segregation andsexually
the law of independent assortment apply
12. Miniature to allwings
organisms
(Xm) inthat reproduce
Drosophila sexually
result from a sex-linked recessive allele. A
cross is made between a miniature-winged female fruit fly and a wild-type male
14. Which
fly. What of the following
would be thehuman chromosomes
reciprocal cross? is an autosome?
14. Which of the following human chromosomes is an autosome?
a. Xa.chromosome
Female is Xm/Xm and male is Xm/Y c. chromosome 21
b.a. Yb.Xchromosome
Female is Xm+/Xm+ and male is Xm+/Yd.c.all
chromosome of these are21
chromosome autosomes
b. c.Y chromosome
Female is Xm+/Xm+ and male is Xm/Y d. all of these are autosomes
d. Female is Xm/Xm and male is Xm+/Y
15. In a three-point testcross (3 point mapping), the gametes with the lowest
15.frequency are
In a three-point testcross (3 point mapping), the gametes with the lowest
frequency
13. Which are
of Mendel’s laws of inheritance apply only to pea plants and not to other
a. Parental gametes
organisms?
b.a. Single
Parental crossover
gametes recombinant gametes
c. Double
a.b.the law ofcrossover
Single segregationrecombinant gametes
d. All
b.c.the gametes
Double
law are relatively
of crossover
independent equallygametes
recombinant
assortment frequent
c.d.both
Allthe gametes
law ofare relativelyand
segregation equally frequent
the law of independent assortment only
apply to peas, because that was all that Mendel studied
d. both the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment apply
23. Two recessive mutant alleles in Drosophila, vg (vestigial) and pr (purple),
affect wing length and eye color. A mutant true-breeding female fly with vestigial
wings was crossed with a mutant true-breeding male fly with purple eyes. All the
F1 progeny were wildtype. A female F1 was crossed with a homozygous
recessive (purple, vestigial) male, and the progeny included the following
phenotypes and numbers:

965 vestigial
1067 purple
157 wt
146 purple, vestigial

(a) Are the two genes on the same or different chromosomes? (2 pts)

(b) If the two genes are linked, what is the distance between them in map
units? (2 pts)
 (b) w1 and w2 are alleles of two different genes (1 pt)

25. In four-o’-clock plants, petal color may be dark purple, white, or light purple.
If a true-breeding dark purple plant is crossed with a true-breeding white plant, all
the F1 offspring have light purple petals. An F1 x F1 cross produces the following
phenotypes:

1/4 dark purple

2/4 light purple
1/4 white

(a) Explain the inheritance of petal color in these plants. (1 pt)

(b) What are the genotypes of the F2 progeny? (2 pts)

Bonus In dogs, the coat pattern is determined by two alleles of a single gene.
Solid coat (determined by allele S) is dominant to spotted coat (determined by s).
Two alleles of a second gene determine coat color, with black (B) being dominant
to tan (b). A female with a solid tan coat is mated to a male with a solid black
coat, and the mating leads to a litter of 6 pups. The phenotypes of the pups are
2 solid tan, 2 solid black, 1 spotted tan, and 1 spotted black. Assuming
independent assortment of the two genes, what are the genotypes of the two