1.

2 The nature of classification

Definition
Biological classification: the systematic grouping of organizations into biological categories
based on physical and evolutionary relationships
Taxonomy: the science of classifying all organisms; taxonomists classify both living and fossil
species
Botanist: a scientific specializing in the study of plants; also called a plant biologist
Genus: a taxonomic level consisting of similar species (Genera plural version)
Taxon: a category used to classify organisms
Kingdom: the highest taxonomic level of traditional linnaean system of classification
Dichotomous key: A series of branching, two-part statements used to identify organisms (or
objects)

Notes
● Classification systems are used, but variable
● All species are given a unique binomial (tow word) species name
● Traditional taxonomy groups species together according to Shared characteristics
● Scientists often disagree about the criteria used to group species
● Traditional taxonomy group species into numbers of majority levels or taxa
● Dichotomous key are often used to help identify species

Questions page 20 numbers 3,5,7

3.
● Linnaeus is considered the father of taxonomy
● a consistent way of grouping species according to their morphology or physical
similarities
● Linnaeus is based on groupings on similarities among organisms themselves not on
external relations such as where they live
● Linnaeus decided for a convenience to also assign to each species a binomial a 2 word
short-form name
● The first name is a Genus name and the second is a specific name
● Linnaeus didn't have a perfect system but it was simple and convenient enough, it
quickly became a standard
● Linnaeus was among the first prominent biologist to doubt the fixed nature a species,
he theorized that new species might arise through hibernation and plants may change as
they become acclimatize to new environments
● Linnaeus Further Groups species into taxonomic ranks or levels based on shared
characteristics

5a) River otter and Mink

b)Orca
c) River otter share more features with mink then dogs do with cats because the dog follows
under the family category of Canidae and the cat falls under the family category of Felidae.
d)It has a long bushy tail, a short nose, and small curled back ears. It has short, stubby legs and
thick fur. Its short legs and nose, thick fur, and small ears are adaptations that help it survive in
cold climates.

7i) Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum. Most of the species—and the
best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known
as tapeworms

ii) Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main
groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk, the red deer, and the fallow
deer; and the Capreolinae
, including the reindeer, white-tailed deer, the roe deer, and the moose

iii) Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in
the spurge family. "Euphorbia" is sometimes used in ordinary English to collectively refer to all
members of Euphorbiaceae, not just to members of the genus.

a) (i) Class (ii) family (iii) Class

b) (i) Cestodes are long, flat, ribbon-like organisms (ii) compact torsos with long, slender legs
and small tails and male have antlers (iii) without petals and sepals, unlike cacti, which often
have fantastically showy flowers
c) (i) 6,000 species pork Ex. tape worm, beef tape worm (ii) 47 EX. red deer, elk (iii) 6745 EX.
cassava, castor oil plant
d) (i) they are parasites that infect there host (ii) an important food source for many predators
throughout their geographic range. (iii)They are produces