PE4 NOTES – MIDTERM

WEAPON CARRYING CONDITIONS

1. Condition One – Magazine inserted, round in chamber, slide forward, hammer

down, weapon on safe.
2. Condition Two – Not applicable to the M9 pistol. - EX. BERETTA
3. Condition Three – Magazine inserted, chamber empty, slide forward, weapon on
safe.
4. Condition Four – Magazine removed, chamber empty, slide forward, weapon on
safe.

DISSASSEMBLY – Disassembly of the M9 service pistol consists of field stripping into

the four main groups for operator maintenance. No tools are required, and further
disassembly is not authorized for the operator. Parts are machined to close tolerances,
and disassembly must be carried out in the prescribed manner to prevent damage to the
weapon.

1. The first step in disassembly is to allow the slide to travel forward by depressing
the slide stop.
2. With the pistol in the right hand and the muzzle slightly elevated, use the left hand
to depress the disassembly lever release button and rotate the disassembly lever
downward until it stops.
3. Pull the slide and barrel assembly forward and remove.
4. Compress the recoil spring and spring guide, and lift and remove it from the slide
and barrel.
5. Separate the recoil spring from the spring guide.
6. Push in on the locking block plunger while pushing the barrel forward slightly. Lift
and remove the locking/barrel assembly from the slide.
7. This completes general disassembly or field stripping. Notice that the weapon is
disassembled into four groups. These are the four main groups of the weapon:
the (a) locking block/barrel group, (b) the slide group, (c) the recoil spring and
spring guide group, and (d) the receiver group.
REASSEMBLY – As with most small arms, reassembly of the M9 is the reverse of

disassembly.

1. First, replace the barrel by placing it in the inverted slide, muzzle end first, and then
dropping the locking block end into place.
2. Insert the recoil spring guide into the recoil spring. Then replace the assembly in
the bottom of the slide by placing the spring into the recoil spring housing and
compressing it until the spring guide will fully seat into the locking block cutout.

CHAPTER 3
AMMUNITION, CARTRIDGE CASE, BULLET, SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE &
GUNPOWER

1. Ammunition - (also called Cartridge or Round)

LEGAL MEANING – Ammunition refers to "loaded shell' for rifles, muskets, cabines,
shotguns, revolvers and pistols from which a ball, bullet, shuts, shell or other missile may
be fired by means of gunpowder or other explosives (National Internal Revenue Code,
Chapter VII, Sec. 290 Revised Administrative Code, Sec. 877).

TECHNICAL MEANING – Ammunition refers to a group of cartridges or to a single unit

cartridge- meaning a complete unfired unit consisting of a bullet cartridge case,
gunpowder and primer.

2. Cartridge case (also called as Bullet case; casing or Shell) - is the tubular metallic
container of the gunpowder.

PARTS OF A CARTRIDGE CASE

(Guay, Moises A., [2008] Handout on forensic ballistic)

1. RIM - serves the purpose of limiting the forward travel of cartridges into their
chambers and thus also limit the clearance, if any, between the heads and the
supporting.
TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO TYPE OF FIREARMS

• Revolver cartridges
• Pistol cartridges
• Rifle cartridges
• Shotgun cartridges

TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO LOCATION OF PRIMER

• Needle-fire cartridges (obsolete)

• Pin-fire cartridges (obsolete)
• Rim-fire cartridges
• Center-fire cartridges

TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO SHAPE (BELOW)

(Prof. Randolf Guiang [2008] presentation on forensic ballistics)

• Straight
• Tapered
• Bottleneck
2. PRIMER POCKET - holds primer securely in central position. It provides a means
to prevent the escape of a gas to the rear of the cartridge. It also provides a solid
support for primer anvils, without which, the latter could not be fired.
3. VENT OR FLASH HOLE - the hole in the web or bottom of the primer pocket
through which the primer flash provides ignition to the powder charges. It is the
"opening or canal" that connects the priming mixture with gunpowder.
4. HEAD AND BODY - constitute the corks that plug the breech of the barrel against
the escape of the gas.
5. NECK - the part of the cartridge case that is occupied by the bullet.
6. CANNELURES - are the serrated groves that are sometimes found rolled into the
necks and bodies of the cases at the location of the bases of the bullet to prevent
the bullet from being pushed back or loosened.
 7. CRIMP - the part of a mouth of a case that is turned in upon the bullet. It aids in
holding the bullet in place and it offers resistance to the movement of the bullet out
of the neck which affects the burning of the gunpowder.
8. BASE - the bottom portion of the case which holds the primer which contains the
priming mixture and the shell head which contains the head stamp, caliber and the
year of manufacture.
9. SHOULDER - the portion which support the neck.
10. EXTRACTING GROVES - the circular groove near the base of the shell designed
for the automatic withdrawal of the case after each firing.

TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO RIM DESIGN

(Prof. Randolf Guiang [2008] presentation on forensic ballistics)

• Rimmed
• Semi-rimmed
• Rimless

3. BULLET – the projectile propelled through the barrel of a firearm by means of the
expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder (Agliam, R.,2009).
4. SHOTGUNS CARTRIDGE
• Rim
• Brass head
• Shell case
• Wad
• Shots
• Primer
• Gunpowder

SHOTGUN MODERN CARTRIDGE AS ALTERNATIVE SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE

• Primer
• Gunpowder
• Wad
 • Slug casing (for sabot shell only)
• Slug (for sabot shell only)
• Flechette (for flechette shell only)

5. GUNPOWDER - (also called as "propellant" or "powder charge"). When

gunpowder is ignited by the primer flash, is converted to heated gas under high
pressure and propels the bullet or shots charge through the barrel and to the target.
Sometimes called:

Forms of Gunpowder are black powder and smokeless powder, are a substance
that burns very rapidly, releasing gases that act as a propellant in firearms. Both
forms of gunpowder are low explosives. As it burns, a subsonic deflagration
wave is produce rather than the supersonic detonation wave which high
explosives produce.
As a result, pressures generated inside a gun are sufficient to propel a bullet, but
not sufficient to destroy the barrel.

CHAPTER 4
PREPARATORY MARKMANSHIP

We are now to take the heart of our subject-Preparatory marksmanship. All

marksmanship trainings that takes place before live firing is called Preparatory
marksmanship or its equivalent terms in the different law enforcement agencies' trainings.
Marksmanship is defined as the skillful art of shooting and hitting the target at a given or
known distance.

In order to understand the lessons in this chapter, you must read by yourself, listen to the
lecture and keenly observe the demonstrations of your subject instructor.
BASIC GUN SAFETY

The four rules of gun safety provide an almost complete guide to prevent any accident. If
you are a gun owner, you must make these rules very important to you. You must be a
responsible and safe gun owner. The PSBRC Module II on Police tactical

Responses identified four rules of gun safety:

1. CONSIDER EVERY GUN AS LOADED - Every gun is a potential for danger.

Accidents may happen by thinking/presuming that the gun is not loaded. If you
always assume that a gun is loaded, you will avoid accidents to happen.
2. NEVER LET THE MUZZLE OF THE GUN POINT AT ANYTHING YOU DON'T
INTEND TO SHOOT - If a gun is fired accidentally, the chances of harming
anybody can be avoided it is pointed to a safe direction. Do not let the muzzle point
at the people or at surfaces which can be people behind.
3. KEEP YOUR TRIGGER FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER UNTIL YOU ARE READY
TO FIRE - A gun will not fire unless the trigger is deliberately pressed. Do not touch
the trigger until you have set your gun sights on the target and you are ready to
shoot.
4. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET AND WHAT IS BEHIND IT - When you have made
a decisions to shoot, make sure you know where the bullets ends up. If you miss,
the bullet can hit an innocent bystander or go through a wall and hit someone
behind.

ESSENTIAL GUN SAFETY RULES

(PSBRC module II on police tactical responses, page 91-92)

1. Be sure the gun is safe to operate. A gun that has been neglected or that is very
old may not be safe to use. Some of the older guns manufactures should not use
modern ammunitions;
2. If you don't know anything about the gun, seek the help of a knowledgeable person.
If you are in a position to use a gun at a range or while recreationally shooting
outdoors, and you are not familiar with the gun, then ask the owner. Almost every
gun model separates differently from the others;
3. Know how to use the gun safely. Don't pretend to know what you are doing when
shooting outdoor. It is always better to ask questions on matters don't know. Don't
be afraid about looking less than macho. If you make a grievous mistake while
handling the gun, then how would you look?
4. Use appropriate ammunition for the gun. It is not a justification that if an
ammunition fits to any gun then it can be used as ammunition for firing. This may
cause damage to the gun and may cause accident to the firer. Ammunition with
extra powder if often is labeled as "+P or +P+" that may blow up the barrel.
5. Carry only one caliber cartridge or shell at a time. This will reduce the possibility of
using the wrong ammunition in your firearm.
6. Wear eye and ear protectors. Always wear appropriate protective eyeglasses as
alternative to protect your eyes during firing. You may also make use of safe ear
protection as alternative measure to avoid damage of your ear internal parts.
7. Never take away the firearm someone by pulling on the barrel. If the finger is on
the trigger, pulling the barrel could discharge the gun and may injure you or
another.
8. Never use drug or drink alcohol before or during shooting. Alcohol and drug impair
one's judgement, thus mistake may happen.
9. Never shoot into water to avoid ricochet of bullet. If someone fires to the water, this
may cause the bullet to change its direction and may cause injury to someone
around.
10. Store guns and ammunition not accessible to an authorized people. Place of
storage should be out of reach of children and other people that may use the gun
and ammunitions to avoid loss and accidents.
11. Store firearms and ammunitions separately. Store ammunition where it cannot get
too much moist or in an area which is not excessively hot.
12. While hunting, you should positively identify the sex of the animal before readying
the shot. Never shoot at a sound or movement while hunting;
13. While hunting you should be completely aware of the location of your buddies;
14. Never climb a tree/fence or jump a ditch with a loaded gun;
15. Be aware that certain firearms and activities have additional rules and precaution;
 16. Always obey firing range rules and commands of a Range Safety Officer.
17. Never rely solely on the safety device of the gun. Mechanical safeties have been
known to fail. If you the so-called Murphy's Law - "Safety levers or buttons are
going to fail at the worst possible moment."
18. Read and fully understand the manual of the gun. The gun manufacturers are
concerned about gun safety. Every gun product has its manual that contains how
the gun is to be operated, cleaned, assemble/disassemble, etc;
19. Never play with a firearm even if you are certain that it is unloaded. This habit or
action would condition the mind of others specially minors who would regard gun
safety as less important;
20. Be sure that the barrel is clear from obstructions. An obstruction inside the barrel
such as bullet or bullet jacket can destroy the usefulness of the gun and could
cause severe injury or death. If the discharge of the cartridge seemed a bit different
in sound or recoil, the gun should be pointed to a safety direction for 30 seconds
to 2 minutes in case of hangfire. The barrel then should be checked for obstructions
afterwards. A hangfire occurs when the gun does not immediately discharge, but
discharges a few, moments later.
21. If you do a shooting at indoor pistol ranges, you should make sure that the range
is fully ventilated and the fans are properly working. There can be a relatively high
concentration of lead and harmful compounds in the air if proper ventilation is not
observed.

OBSTRUCTION TABLE
(PSBRC module II on police tactical response)
PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY
1. Faulty firing pin 1. Let a gunsmith
2. Dirty slide face handle
Pistol does not fire; 3. Dud cartridge 2. Dismantle pistol and
No feed 4. Faulty magazine clean
5. Dirty magazine
 6. Overloaded 3. Eject cartridge by
magazine loading and
7. Magazine counting a fire
incorrectly mounted 4. Replace magazine
8. Faulty recoil spring 5. Replace magazine
9. Insufficient cocking 6. Take out excess
10. Broken extractor cartridge
11. Faulty ammunition 7. Dismantle and
remount
8. Let a gunsmith
handle
9. Pull the slide back,
turn pistol rightwards
and shake gently to
allow the cartridge to
come out. Continue
firing but if problem
still persists, see a
gunsmith.
10. See a gunsmith
11. Replace
ammunition.

FACTS ABOUT HAND GUN

1. The handgun do not off themselves.

2. Hand gun are lethal weapon.
3. Handguns are dangerous in the land of someone who has not been properly
trained in their use.
4. Handguns have for self-defense, an effective realistic range of about 50 yards in
the hands of an experienced individual.
5. Handguns does not cause accidental firing/shooting
 6. Handguns are easily concealable and this is one of the greatest attributes.
7. Not all handguns are good for self-defense.
8. Handguns are the best choice for self-defense.
9. Most handguns are very well made.
10. Almost anyone can learn to effectively use handgun.

PRINCIPLES OF MARKSMANSHIP

There are seven ways to learn for a preparatory marksmanship: 1) comfortable stance;
2) steady position; 3) aiming point; 4) breath control; 5) trigger control; 6) proper grip; 7)
firing position. These are explained and/or illustrated in detail below.

1. MAKE USE OF A COMFORTABLE STANCE – The excellence of the stance is a

major factor in creating conditions for maximum control. Every individual processes
a combination of individual characteristic that is peculiar to him alone. Examples
of these are height, weight and proportion of body development to muscle system.
Therefore, there is no definite purpose of stance that will apply equally to all
shooters. The shooter on basis of his own peculiar configuration, must find a
stance which provides the greatest degree of stability for his body (PSBRC module
Il on police tactical responses).

MAIN REQUIREMENTS OF A STANCE

a. Equilibrium or stability - the greatest possible degree of equilibrium and stability

in the body-weapon system occurs when there is a least possible strain on the
shooter's muscles.
b. Head position - this would allow the efficient use of the eyes of the shooter
throughout the sighting and aiming process. The head should have a natural tilt.
c. Position of the feet - should be about the width of the shoulders with toes pointed
out slightly.
d. Legs - should be straight but not tense with the knee joint semi-locked but relaxed.
e. Hips - should be level in a natural position.
 f. Non-shooting arm - (one-hand shooting only) the non-shooting arm should be
relaxed and put at the chest.
g. Shooting arm - should be extended with twist and the elbow locked without strain.
h. Head and shoulders - should be levelled, no slouching with unnatural tilt to the
head.
i. Body weight - should be on the toes and not on the heel, more weight must be at
the forwarded foot.

2. ESTABLISH A STEADY POSITION - refers to the establishments of a position that

allows the weapon to be held still while it is being fired (PSBRC module II on police
tactical responses).

THE ELEMENTS OF STEADY POSITION

a. Non-firing hand grip - the rifle hand grip rest on the heel of the hand in the form
by the thumb and fingers. Grip is light rearward pressure exerted.
b. Rifle-butt position - the butt of the stock is paced in the pocket of the firing
shoulder this reduced the effect of recoil and helps ensure a steady position.
c. Firing hand grip - the firing hand grasps the pistol/rifle grip so that it fits the V
formed by the thumb and forefinger. The forefinger is placed on the trigger so that
the lay of the rifle is not disturbed when trigger is squeezed.
d. Firing elbow replacement - the location of the firing elbow is important in
providing balance. The firing elbow should be properly and normally clipped to
avoid extra movement when firing.
e. Non-firing elbow - position firmly under the rifle to elbow for comfortable and
stable position.
f. Stock weld - should provide for a natural line of sight through the center of the
rear sight aperture to the front sight post and to the target, fire's neck should be
relaxed check fall into the stock.

3. PROPER PLACEMENT OF AIMING POINT - Refers to the precise alignment of

the rifle/handgun sights with the target. The aiming points which are commonly
 used are the six-o'clock hold, twelve-o'clock hold and center hold. There is proper
aiming when correct sight alignment and sight picture are established See
explanation and illustration below).

SIGHT ALIGNMENT – is the relationship between the rear sight and the eye. The front
sight is centered in the rear sight notch and the top of the blade is even with the top of
the rear sight. Sight picture is also the relationship between the rear sight and the front
sights of the target with the respect to the eye. This differs from sight alignment only by
adding the bullseye or aiming points to the front sight blade (PSBRC module I on police
tactical responses, page 96-97).

4. BREATH CONTROL - the third marksmanship fundamental refers to the control of

breathing to help the rifle steady. A complete respiratory cycle lasts for 4-5 seconds
(inhaling and exhaling and between each cycle, there is a natural respiratory pause
of 1-2 seconds. This pause can be extended up to 8-10 seconds without any
special labor and unpleasant sensation. It is during this pause between breaths
that the shooter shall fire the shot.
The reason is that during the respiratory pause, the breathing muscles are relaxed,
thus, the shooter avoids strain from the diaphragm. Also thinking of the need of
breath does not break his concentration. If the holding of the breath is not sufficient
to allow the shot to be fired within the required time, hold fire, release the trigger
and resume normal breathing and repeat that process (PSBRC Module II on Police
Tactical Responses, page 96).
5. TRIGGER CONTROL - It is the independent action of the forefinger on the trigger
pulling it straight to the rear with uniformly increasing pressure until the weapon is
fired.

GUIDELINES FOR PROPER TRIGGER CONTROL

• The trigger finger's location is where it falls naturally on the trigger.

• The slack or free play in the trigger is taken up first.
• Apply pressure with the trigger finger only.
• Trigger finger must be in a arch position to avoid contact with the side of the gun.
ERRORS IN THE CONTROL

(PSBRC module II on police tactical responses)

FLINCHING- The muscular tension or reaction on the anticipation of the recoil. It includes
the moving head, closing the eyes, moving the shoulder to the rear or their combination.

• Jerking - an attempt to make pistols fire at a certain instance by rapidly applying

pressure on the trigger.
• Follow Through - the continued and physical application of the fundamentals after
each round has been fired. The shooter must not shift his position, move his head
or bring down the pistol for a few seconds.
• Calling the shots - the prediction of the shots where the hits are on the target.

6. PROPER GRIP - Proper grip provides the shoulder with maximum control of the
weapon. The most important feature of the grip is uniformity. To maintain a natural
sight alignment, the shooter must hold the weapon firmly. He must be able to apply
positive straight to the rear pressure on the trigger that will not disturb the sight
alignment when the hammer falls.

METHOD OF PROPER GRIP FOR HANDGUNS/RIFLES

a. Pick up the pistol/revolver with the non-shooting arm by the barrel end of the slide
and keep muscle down range. Riffle should be picked up with the non-shooting
arm by the handle.
b. Spread the index finger and the thumb of the shooting hand apart to form a Y With
the thumb held slightly lower than the index finger. Push the web or V of the
shooting directly under the tanned of the grip safety. Do not roll them.
c. Wrap the 3 lower fingers around the gun and should exert equal pressure, straight
to the bottom of the V. The heel of the shooting arm should be well up on the main
spring housing.
d. The thumb should exerted very little pressure to tightening of the muscles,
controlling the thumb will cause some tightening of the muscles controlling the
trigger finger.
 e. Placement of the trigger finger should be where it falls naturally on the trigger. This
is usually at the tip and first joint of the trigger finger. Regardless of hand size and
finger length, the shooter should always apply pressure straight to the rear.
f. The correct pressure on the grip is when the shooter can hold without tremble or
free of action on the trigger.

7. FIRING POSITION - firing position should be properly selected in order to establish

a great alignment on the trigger.

FIRING POSITION WITH A RIFLE

a. STANDING - is used during assault to engage surprise target and when no other
position can be used. In an actual marksmanship firing, this position involves
fundamental positions, the legs in normal paces, body little forwarded, hands
forward with a handgun (or side-way position if long firearm).
b. KNEELING - The knees kneel in normal places depending on the comfortability of
the firer.
c. SITTING - is suitable for ground that slopes gently upward and when there are
Obstacles that hinder good target acquisition. This includes Cross legs position.
d. PRONE - provides the most stable platform for engaging targets and presents a
low silhouette and easily adapted with the use of cover and support.

FIRING POSITION WITH HANDGUN

(PPSBRC module II on police tactical responses)

1. Face the target at 45-degree angle, assuming the proper stance for one-hand
shooting. The shooter can vary his angle to the target up to 90 degrees if this allows
him better control.
2. Face the target squarely for two-handed position.
3. Position your head so that you look at the target with your eyes straight ahead.
4. Raise your shooting arm and align it with the target.
5. Close your eyes, lower and raise your arm and relax.
 6. Open your eyes and check position, if the sight is aligned with the target, you have
a good position.
7. If your arm settle at one side of the target, compensate by moving the feet right or
left if necessary. If your arms settle high or low, compensate by closing or opening
the distance between your feet.

RULES AND REGULATION IN THE FIRING RANGE

A. Persons allowed to use the firing range

1. Students/s and visitor/s in good standing and of good moral character who hold
unexpired identification card;
2. Member/s of gun clubs duly recognized by the PNP-FED;
3. Legitimate firearms holder/s supported by an authenticated license, permit to
transport, and/or permit to carry outside residence, mission order, or other special
permit issued by the PNP-FED;
4. No shooter is allowed to use the firing range If under the influence of liquor or
drugs.

B. Registration

All persons or organization/s who intend to use the firing range should register to the log
book and submit the following requirements to the range officer prior to using the firing
range:

1. Firearms and ammunitions;

2. Safety equipment;
3. Letter request approved by the chairman of PPSC.

C. Firearms and ammunition coverage

Firearms allowed are:

 1. Target firearms or rifles complying with the gun club or PPSA/PSC standards being
used in matches or competitions; and
2. Pistols and revolver such as cal .45; cal 40; 9mm; 10mm; cal .380; super 38; 38
specials; cal 357 magnum or any firearm with lower caliber.

Firearms not allowed are:

1. High -powered firearms classified by the PNP-FED, except for testing or taking
ballistics which must be covered and supported by necessary clearance from the
chief, Range officer.
2. Any other high-powered firearm/s or assault rifle which may cause damage to the
firing range properties/equipment.

ALLOWED AMMUNITIONS

Standard ammunitions used and accepted in accordance with the gun club and
PPSA/IPSC standards are full metal jacket, plated round nose; and bare soft or hand lead
ammunition. Any other special ammunition shall be subjected to inspection by the chief,
range officer.

D. Safety Equipment Required

1. Safety glasses
2. Ear protection such as ear muffs or ear plugs
3. Gun case and PPSA/PCS standardize speed holder.

RANGE SAFETY AND ETIQUETTE

In addition to the four basic safety rules, there are other rules for safety particularly while
inside a firing range. These procedural safety rules involve safe gun handling and
common sense.

1. Make sure that your firearm is unloaded upon entering a firing range.
 2. The uncasing of firearm must always take place at a Safe Area.
3. The handling of ammunition in any Safe Area is strictly prohibited.
4. Once holstered, the firearms may not, under any circumstances, be handled in any
fashion outside the Safe Area without authorization of the Range Officer. It must
always be unloaded, with the hammer down, and no magazine inserted. If
holstering of firearm is not allowed, the firearm shall remain in a case or bag.
5. Eye and ear protection must be worn at all times while in the range whether
shooting or not.
6. Observe the 180 degree rules in safety. When allowed to handle the firearm,
always point the muzzle of your firearm if downward. Never hold the firearm if there
are people around.
7. In fifing line with no barriers, the person to your right should always go first unless
otherwise stated.
8. Always announce that you are firing before you start shooting to allow people to
prepare for your firing.
9. Load firearm only upon the command of the Range Officer.
10. The Range officer gives instructions/commands inside the firing range.

RANGE COMMANDS AND PROCEDURES

The International Practical Shooting Confederation 4PSC) is an international organization

of firearms enthusiasts has is locally accredited organization in our country called
Philippine Practical Shooting Association (PSA). The IPSC and PPSA have their range
commands and procedures which are also practiced by different law enforcement schools
in the country today.

For the purpose of classroom instruction among criminology and criminal justice
education students, the following range commands and procedure were adopted with
slight changes to fit the understanding of students:

1. LOAD AND BE READY – Upon the command of the Range Officer (RO), the firers
shall unholster the gun, insert magazine with ammunition, pull back the slide and
release. Put the gun in safety, and holster the gun.
 2. FIRE WHEN READY – Prior to this command. The RO shall ask the firers "Are
you ready?" the declares that firing may takes place after the reply of the firers
the/at they are ready.
3. UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR – After firing, the RO shall announce this
command. The firers shall point the gun don range, remove/drop magazine (never
in magazine pouch), move the safety off, pull the slide back sharply to eject live
ammunition, hold the slide open until the RO inspects the pistol. When using
revolver, take the trigger finger out of the trigger guard, press the cylinder latch,
open and dump the cartridge on the ground, continue facing down range with the
cylinder, open for inspection by the RO.
4. GUN CLEAR, HAMMER DOWN, HOLSTER – After the inspection of firearms, the
RO officer gives this command. Upon hearing the command, the firers shall; trigger
finger out, apply pinch grip at the back of side; press the trigger so that the hammer
falls in down range; holster an empty revolver/pistol.
5. RANGE IS CLEAR – The RO shall declare that the fins range is dear and shall
call on the next set of firers.

BASIC SAFETY TIPS IN TRANSPORTING FIREARMS

1. Always transport your firearms in a safe and unloaded condition;

2. Never carry any handgun in your pocket, purse or waistband. Use case or any
appropriate holster;
3. When authorized to carry firearm with a loaded chamber, the safety lever must be
in a safe position. A safer option is to carry the pistol with a loaded magazine and
an empty chamber.
4. Carry unloaded revolvers with an empty chambers under the hammer;
5. Always carry with you the original copy of your firearms license, transport permit
or PTCFOR when transporting your firearm.

ACTIVITIES

1. The basic of combat marksmanship shall be discussed in the classroom;

 2. An specialized person on combat marksmanship may be invited for a two hours
session to talk about principles of combat marksmanship;
3. An alternative seminar-workshop on marksmanship and combat shooting may be
conducted to enhance the topics discussed by the subject instructor and for
students to appreciate the difference between theory and actual practice; and
4. A chapter quiz shall be administered.

RA 10591 - Registration refers to the application, approval, record-keeping and

monitoring of firearms with the FEO of the PNP in accordance with the type of license
issued to any person under Section 11 of this Act