Higher Nationals

Assignment Brief – BTEC (RQF)

Qualification Pearson BTEC Higher National Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering

Student Name /ID Number Walathara Arachchige Senura Diluksha / M20010217002

Unit Number and Title 8 Mechanical Principles

Academic Year and Batch number 2021/ Batch 12

Unit Assessor Mr Virantha E.A.I

Assignment Title Application of mechanical principles to describe the

behaviour of the mechanical systems.

Issue Date 30/10/2021

Formative Assessment Date 31/12/2021

Submission Date

IV Name and Date Asiri Manchanayaka

Submission Format:

The submission is in the form of an individual written report. Written report be written in a concise,
formal business style, using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings,
paragraphs and subsections as appropriate and all work must be supported with research and
referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Provide a bibliography using the Harvard
referencing system

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Identify solutions to problems within static mechanical systems

LO2 Illustrate the effects that constraints have on the performance of a dynamic mechanical
system

LO3 Investigate elements of simple mechanical power transmission systems

LO4 Analyse natural and damped vibrations within translational and rotational mass-spring systems

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Scenario
You are the Mechanical Engineer of a manufacturing plant and you are responsible for Repairing and
maintenance of all the factory machineries and equipment’s. In addition you are responsible for
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 designing the new factory machineries as required for the production operations.

Part 1

(a) Square Beam AB having the circular hollow cross-section as shown in Figure Q4a and it is
loaded as shown in in Figure Q1b. If the beam material density is 8500kg/m3.
i) Draw the freebody diagram for the beam for the beam
ii) Obtain the equations for shear force in each segment of the beam
iii) Draw the shear force diagram
iv) Obtain the equations for bending moment develop for each segment of the beam
v) Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam
vi) Calculate the maximum bending stress developed.

(g=9.81m/s2)

Figure Q1a

Figure Q1b

(b)
i) Select a beam from standard rolled steel beams to replace above beam (Part1 (a)) and
Justify your selection
ii) A 5m high both end pin supported beam has the cross-section of Figure Q1a. Calculate the
maximum axial load that can be applied on the column. Also select a beam cross section
from standard rolled steel cross section to replace the above column

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(c) A shaft has an external diameter (ED) of 350 mm and an internal diameter of 150 mm.

i) Calculate the maximum shear stress in the shaft when it is transmitting 3700 kW at 100 rpm.

ii) Find the angle of twist in a length of 20 x ED. (Assume G=75GN/m2).

iii) If the hollow shaft is replaced by a solid shaft of the same weight and length, what power can
it transmit for the same maximum shear stress?

iv) Draw the shear stress distribution for both the cases.

(d) Following experimental data (TableQ1b) has obtained from the torsion test for the specimen
dimension given in Table Q1a. Determine the material of a circular bar. (Take the material Poisson's
Ratio as 0.32)

Table Q1a Specimen Dimensions

Dimensions Material
Diameter (mm) 6
Length (mm) 77.15

TableQ1b Experimental Results from Torsion test

Angular Deflection

Degree Radian Torque/Nm

0.5 0.008727 0.06
1 0.017453 0.47
1.5 0.02618 0.76
2 0.034907 1.01
2.5 0.043633 1.32
3 0.05236 1.65
3.5 0.061087 1.99
4 0.069813 2.32
4.5 0.07854 2.66
5 0.087267 3.00
5.5 0.095993 3.33
6 0.10472 3.64
10 0.174533 5.92
20 0.349066 7.74
30 0.523599 8.07
40 0.698132 8.17

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 50 0.872665 7.93
60 1.047198 8.10
70 1.221731 8.2
80 1.396264 8.4
90 1.570797 8.24
100 1.74533 8.7
110 1.919863 8.7
120 2.094396 8.7
180 3.141594 9.02
240 4.188792 9.11
300 5.23599 9.48
360 6.283188 9.51
420 7.330386 9.71

(e) Name two real applications of Cantilever and Encastre beams

i. Assuming the moment and load acting on the beams mentioned above and draw the free
body diagram for each case.
ii. For above each case obtain the equations for variations of shear force and bending moment
iii. Draw the shear force diagram and bending moment diagram

Part 2

(a) A drum is made to revolve about its centre by a falling mass as shown. Calculate the velocity of the
falling mass and rotating drum when the mass descends 10 m with no frictional losses. Also
calculate the energy gained by the drum.

Figure Q2a
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(b) A flywheel of mass 10kg has a radius of gyration of 20cm.It is given a spin of 1000 r.p.m. about
its axis which is horizontal. The flywheel is suspended at a point 15cm from the plane of rotation
of the flywheel. Determine the gyroscopic reaction torque.

(c) Draw the Acceleration diagram for the following slider crank mechanism. Crank rotating anti-
clock wisely with constant ω r.p.m.

Figure Q2b

(d) In a slider crank mechanism the crank and the connecting rod are 150mm and 400mm long
respectively. The crank rotates at 360 r.p.m in clock-wise direction. When the crank has turned
through 600 using the velocity diagram method determine
i. Velocity and the acceleration of the slider
ii. Angular velocity of the connecting rod.
iii. Velocity of point C on the connecting rod which is 300mm away from the poit A.
iv. Position of any point on connecting rod which has the minimum velocity.

Figure Q2c

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Part 3

(a) Gear A is the input and revolves at 1200 rev/min clockwise viewed from the left end. The input
torque is 30 Nm and the efficiency is 70%.Gear A has 50 teeth Gear B has 150 teeth Gear C has 30
teeth Gear D has 60 teeth

Figure Q3a

Determine the following.

i. The output speed and its direction.
ii. The total velocity ratio
iii. The output power.
iv. The holding torque for gear box

(b) A nut which is connected to a lead screw is moved in a horizontal plane against a force of 100kN
at a speed of 4mm/sec by electric motor powered screw. The following data is given
Single start square thread screw
Pitch of the screw=6mm
Outlet diameter of the screw =40mm
Co-efficient of friction of the screw thread =0.15
Efficiency of the motor=85%
Determine the power required and efficiency of the screw

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(c) The following data is refers to a screw jack.
The vertical load on the screw=20kN
Force applied at the lever end whose length=80cm
The mean radius of the screw=2.5cm
Pitch of the screw=1cm
Co-efficient of friction between the screw thread and the nut=0.15
Determine the force on the lever end while raising the load and efficiency of the screw jack

(d) What are the conditions required for a constant velocity ratio between two joined shafts.

(e) Calculate the weight and height required for a gravity light for home use. Assume the bulb
wattage is 3W and bulb has to light continuously for one hour. Take dynamo efficiency as 85%
(Gravity Light is a gravity-powered lamp designed to use in developing or third-world nations, as
a replacement for kerosene lamps. It uses a bag filled with rocks or earth, attached to a cord,
which slowly descends and rotates the dynamo and produces the electricity for illuminating bulb).

If above energy storage system is replaced with spring or spring bank, decide the required spring
stiffness and the spring compression required.

(f) The paper “Göksenli, A. and Eryürek, I.B., 2009. Failure analysis of an elevator drive shaft.
Engineering failure analysis, 16(4), pp.1011-1019” present the case of mechanical power
transmission failure case. Examine the case and find the causes of failure and suggest design
improvement to take to rectify the problem.

Part 4

(a) What is mean by the natural frequency of vibration in a spring mass system

(b) The 8kg body Figure 4 is moved 0.2m to the right of the equilibrium position and released from
rest at time t=0s. Determine its amplitude and phase angle at time t=2s. The viscous damping
coefficient ‘c’ is 20N.s/m, and the spring stiffness k is 32N/m

Figure Q4

(c) A coffee table has a rigid top of mass 17 kg mounted on legs of total stiffness 38 MN/m and a
damping coefficient of 1.6 kN/m/s. The coffee table is subjected to a vibrating force of 100 N.
caused by sound waves from a nearby loudspeaker. Find the resonant frequency of the table,
suggest a method to avoid the resonance for this table.
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ANSWERS

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angular deflectior torque G
0.008727 0.06 4168.9
0.017453 0.47 16329
0.02618 0.76 17603
0.034907 1.01 17544
0.043633 1.32 18344
0.05236 1.65 19108
0.061087 1.99 19753
0.069813 2.32 20150
0.07854 2.66 20536
0.087267 3 20845
0.095993 3.33 21035
0.10472 3.64 21077
0.174533 5.92 20567
0.349066 7.74 13445
0.523599 8.07 9345.6
0.689132 8.17 7096
0.872665 7.93 5510.1
1.047198 8.1 4690.2
1.221731 8.2 4069.8
1.396264 8.4 3647.9
1.570797 8.24 3180.8
1.74533 8.7 3022.5
1.919863 8.7 2747.8
2.094396 8.7 2518.8
3.141594 9.02 1741
4.188792 9.11 1318.7
5.23599 9.48 1097.8
6.283188 9.51 917.77
7.330386 9.71 803.2
Avg = 10421

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 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Learning Outcome Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Identify solutions to
problems within static
mechanical systems
P1 Calculate the M1 Determine the D1 Calculate the
distribution of shear force, material of a circular bar magnitude of shear
bending moment and from experimental data of force and bending
stress due to bending in angle of twist obtained moment in cantilever
simply supported beams from a torsion test and encastré beams
for a variety of
P2 Justify the selection of applications
standard rolled steel
sections for beams and
columns

P3 Determine the
distribution
of shear stress and the
LO2 Illustrate the effects P4 Explain
angular the effects
deflection due ofto M2 Construct diagrams of D2 Calculate
that constraints have on the energy
torsion intransfer
solid and in the vector solutions of solutions of velocities
performance of a dynamic mechanical systems
hollow circular shafts with velocities and and accelerations
mechanical system uniform acceleration accelerations within within planar
present planar mechanisms mechanisms using
trigonometric
P5 Identify the magnitude methodology
and effect of gyroscopic
reaction torque

LO3 Investigate elements P6 Determine the velocity M3 Examine devices D3 Examine the cause
of simple mechanical ratio for compound gear which function to store of a documented case
power transmission systems and the holding mechanical energy in their of mechanical power
systems torque required to operation transmission failure
securely mount a gearbox and the steps taken to
correct the problem
P7 Calculate the operating and rectify any design
efficiency of lead screws faults
and screw jacks

P8 Explain the conditions

required for a constant
velocity ratio between two
joined shafts

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LO4Analyse natural and P9 Explain the natural M4 Determine the D4 Identify the
damped vibrations within frequency of vibration in a amplitude and phase angle conditions needed for
translational and mass-spring system of the transient response mechanical resonance
rotational mass-spring within a mass-spring and measures that are
systems damper system taken to prevent this
from occurring

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STUDENT ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION AND DECLARATION
When submitting evidence for assessment, each student must sign a declaration confirming that the work is their own.

Student name: Assessor name:

Walathara Arachchige Senura Diluksha / Mr Virantha E.A.I

M20010217002

Issue date: Submission date: Submitted on:

30/10/2021 31/12/2021 31/12/2021

Programme:

Pearson BTEC Higher National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Unit:

8 Mechanical Principles

Assignment number and title:

Application of mechanical principles to describe the behaviour of the mechanical

systems.

Plagiarism
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however innocently, may be penalised. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand correct referencing
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Student Declaration
Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student signature: Date: 31/12/2021

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Walathara Arachchige Senura Diluksha / M20010217002

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Unit Title Application of mechanical principles to describe the behaviour of the mechanical
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Assignment Number 01 Assessor Mr Virantha E.A.I

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