DISTANCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF

SCIENCES MALAYSIA ACADEMIC

SESSION 2021/2022

COURSE NAME:
TECHNIQUES IN GEOGRAPHY (JMG213E)

ASSIGNMENT:
PRACTICE REPORT

NAME NADIYAH BINTI HARDI

NO. MATRIC JM/13699/20
NO. TELEPHONE 010-365 6204
REGIONAL CENTER PENANG
 CONTENTS

1.0 WAYS TO DISPLAY WORLD MAP ..............................................................1-2

2.0 WAYS TO ADD DATA LAYERS INSIDE SOFTWARE .............................3-5

3.0 HOW TO MAKE DATA LAYER ......................................................6-33

3.1 POINTS .......................................................................................................6-15

PART 1 (Name Tree) .......................................................................................6 - 10
SECTION 2 (Height) .......................................................................................11-12
SECTION 3 (Data Points) ...............................................................................12-15

3.2 LINES ........................................................................................................16-24

PART 1 (Name Street) .....................................................................................16-19
SECTION 2 (Long) ..........................................................................................20-21
SECTION 3 (Data Lines) .................................................................................21-24

3.3 POLYGON ...............................................................................................25-33

PART 1 (Name Building) ................................................................................25-28
SECTION 2 (Extent) ........................................................................................29-30
SECTION 3 (Data Polygon) ............................................................................30-33

4.0 HOW TO IMPORT ALTITUDE DATA FROM GOOGLE EARTH ......34-46

PART 1 (Google Earth) ...................................................................................34-38
PART 2 (Website GPS Visualizer) ..................................................................39-40
SECTION 3 (Software QGIS) .........................................................................40-45
SECTION 3 (Line Contour) ..................................................................................46
 1.0 WAYS TO DISPLAY THE WORLD MAP
There are several steps that can be taken to display the map the world
in QGIS software. The steps are:

 Click on the Coordinate section then replace the number written in Coordinates
like Figure 1 to the word world as shown in Fig 2.

128.2,-227.8

Diagram 1

world

Diagram 2

1
 After the word world has been converted, the QGIS software will display
world map as shown in Figure 3.

Peta Dunia

Figure 3

These are the steps to display the world map in QGIS software.

2
 2.0 HOW TO ADD DATA LAYERS IN SOFTWARE Then, to add data layers
in this QGIS software also has some steps to do. The steps to find the data layer in the
software are:

 Click Layers > Add Layers and click Add Vector Layer as shown in Figure 4
and Figure 4 5.

2
1 Add Layer
Layer

Diagram 4

3
Add Vector Layer

Diagram 5

3
  After clicking on the Add Vector Layer section , a table will be displayed Data
Source Manager | Vector in the software as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6

Data Source Manager | Vector

 Then, after the Data Source Manager table | Vector exit in the software view,
click on the right side of the table to find land lot data as shown in Figure 7 and
click Open > Add .

6 5

Data Lot Tanah Klik di sini

Figure 7

4
 After the land lot data selected in the file storage section, the software display
will show the shape of the land lot data layer as shown in Fig 8.

Bentuk lapisan Data Lot Tanah

Figure 8

These are the steps to add a data layer in QGIS software.

5
3.0 HOW TO CREATE DATA LAYERS
(Points, Lines and Polygons)
Next, to create the data layer in this QGIS software also has several steps that need
to be done to produce points , lines and polygons . The steps to find the data layer for
points , lines and polygons will be explained one by one and among the steps are:

3.1 POINT
PART 1 (Tree Name)
 Click New Shapefile Layer in the upper Toolbox section of the software as
shown in Figure 9.

New Shapefile Layer

Figure 9

6
 Then, the New Shapefile Layer table will appear in the software as shown in
Figure 10.

Jadual New Shapefile Layer

Figure 10

 After the New Shapefile Layer table appears in the software, the next step is to
write the word Tree in the File Name column then File Name The tree needs to
be saved in the Document File which was chosen to make it easier for users to
find the Tree data again . An example of this step is as shown in Figure 11 and
Figure 11 12

3File Name : Pokok

Figure 11

7
 File Doccument :
Pokok JMG213

Figure 12

 Once the Tree data has been saved in the Document File which is selected will
automatically be saved as C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Pokok JMG213E.shp as shown
in Fig 13.

File Name :
C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Pokok JMG213E.shp

Figure 13

8
  After step 1 to step 5 has been done, the next step to be done is to go to the
Geometry type section then click Point as shown in Fig 14.

Geometry type :
Point

Figure 14

 Then in the New Field section click Name > Tree Name (step 7) and click Type
> Text Data (step 8) and then length > 80 (step 9). All these steps need to be
placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 10) as shown in Fig 15.

Name :
Nama Pokok Type : Text Data8

7
Add to Fields List10
Length : 80

Figure 15

9
 After steps 7, 8, 9 and 10 have been made, then the Fields List section will
display the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user as in the
Figure 16.

Fields List

11

Figure 16

1
 PART 2 (Altitude)
The next step still maintains almost the same steps as in PART 1 and only needs to
change some aspects as shown in the diagram below.

 In the New Field section click Name > Height (step 12) and Type > 1.2 Decimal
Number (step 13) and then length > 10 (step 14), Precision > 2 (step 15). All
these steps need to be placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 16) as shown in Fig
17.

Text :
12 1.2 Decimal Number 13

Name :
Ketinggian Precision : 2 15

Length : 10

14
Add to Fields List

16

Figure 17

1
 After steps 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 have been made then the Fields section List
will display the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user and
then click ok for steps next.

Fields List
18
17
ok

Figure 18

PART 3 (Data Points)

 After all the Tree Name and Height data have been filled in, the next step to be
done is to click the Toggle Editing section as in Figure 19 and then click Add
Point Feature to get the Point shape of the types of trees as in the Picture
Diagram 20.

Toggle Editting19

Figure 19

1
 20
Add Point Feature

Figure 20

 After clicking the Toggle Editing section and Add Point Feature, Feature
Attributes table will be displayed on the software and the user needs to fill in the
ID , Tree Name and Height to produce the Point mark describe the Name of
the Tree and the Height of the trees as shown in the table listed in down.

Picture Figure 21: Rambutan Tree

Jadual Feature Attributes 21

22

Id : 1
Nama Pokok : Rambutan
Ketinggian : 10.87

1
 23

Id : 2
Nama Pokok : Betik
Ketinggian : 15.4

Picture Figure 22: Papaya Tree

24

Id : 3
Nama Pokok : Durian
Ketinggian : 20.6

Picture Figure 23: Durian Tree

1
 25
Id : 4
Nama Pokok : Pisang
Ketinggian : 18.3

Picture Figure 24: Banana Tree

 After all Tree Name and Tree Height have been filled in then the production of
data point marks Point representing each type of trees will be displayed as shown
in the diagram 25.

Bentuk Data Point

Picture of Figure 25

These are the steps to create a Point data layer in QGIS software.

1
 3.2 LINE
PART 1 (Street Name)
 Click New Shapefile Layer in the upper Toolbox section of the software as
shown in Figure 26.

New Shapefile Layer

Picture of Figure 26

 Then, the New Shapefile Layer table will appear in the software as shown in
Figure 27.

Jadual New Shapefile Layer

Picture of Figure 27

1
 After the New Shapefile Layer table appears in the software, the next step is to
write the word Path in the File Name column then File Name The path needs
to be saved in the Document File which was chosen to make it easier for users to
find the Road data again . An example of this step is as shown in Fig 28.

File Doccument :
Jalan JMG213

Picture of Figure 28

 Once the Road data has been saved in the Document File which is selected will
automatically be saved as C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Jalan JMG213E.shp as shown
in Fig 29.

File Name :
C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Jalan JMG213E.shp

Picture of Figure 29

1
  After step 1 to step 4 has been done, the next step to be done is to go to the
Geometry type section then click LineString as shown in Fig 30.

Picture of Figure 30

Geometry type :
LineString

 Then in the New Field section click Name > Street Name (step 6) and click
Type > Data Text (step 7) and then length > 80 (step 8). All these steps need to
be placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 9) as shown in Fig 31.

6
Name :
Nama Jalan
Type : Text Data 7

Add to Fields List 9

8 Length : 80

Picture of Figure 31

1
  After steps 6, 7, 8 and 9 have been made, then the Fields List section will display
the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user as in the Figure
32.

Fields List
10

Picture of Figure 32

1
 PART 2 (Long)
The next step still maintains almost the same steps as in PART 1 and only needs to
change some aspects as shown in Figure below.

 In the New Field section click Name > Length (step 11) and Type > 1.2
Decimal Number (step 12) and then length > 10 (step 13), Precision > 2 (step
14). All these steps need to be placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 15) as
shown in Fig 33.

11 Text :
12
1.2 Decimal Number
Name :
PanjangPrecision : 2 14

Length : 10

13 Add to Fields List

15

Picture of Figure 33

2
 After steps 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 have been made then the Fields section List
will display the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user and
then click ok for steps next.

Fields List
17
16
ok

Picture of Figure 34
PART 3 (Data Line)
 After all the Street Name and Length data have been filled in, the next step to
be taken is to click the Toggle Editing section as in Figure 35 and then click
Add Line Feature to get the shape of Line data of the types of Roads as in the
Picture Diagram 36.

Toggle Editting 18

Picture of Figure 35

2
 Add Line Feature19

Picture of Figure 36

 After clicking the Toggle Editing section and Add Line Feature, Feature
Attributes table will be displayed on the software and the user needs to fill in the
ID , Street Name and Length to produce a Line sign that describes the Street
Name and Length of the streets as shown in the table listed in down.

Jadual Feature Attributes 20

21

Id : 1
Nama Jalan : Jalan Emas
Panjang : 123.60

Picture Figure 37: Golden Road

2
 22

Id : 2
Nama Jalan : Jalan Perak
Panjang : 123.90

Figure 38: Jalan Perak

23
Id : 3
Nama Jalan : Jalan Gangsa
Panjang : 125.60

Picture Figure 39: Jalan Gangsa

2
 After all the Street Names and Street Lengths have been filled in, the
production of Line data lines representing each of the streets will be displayed as
shown in the Diagram 40.

Bentuk Data Line

Picture of Figure 40

These are the steps to create a Line data layer in QGIS software.

2
 3.3 POLYGON
PART 1 (Name of Building)
 Click New Shapefile Layer in the upper Toolbox section of the software as
shown in Figure 41.

New Shapefile Layer

Picture of Figure 41

 Then, the New Shapefile Layer table will appear in the software like that shown
in Fig 42

Jadual New Shapefile Layer

Picture of Figure 42

2
 After the New Shapefile Layer table appears in the software, the next step is to
write the word Build in the File Name column then File Name The building
needs to be saved in the Document File which is selected to make it easier for
users to find the Building data again . An example of this step is as shown in Fig
43.

3
File Doccument :
Bangunan JMG213E

Picture of Figure 43

2
 Once the Building data has been saved in the Document File which is selected
will automatically be saved as C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Building JMG213E.shp as
shown in Fig 44.

File Name :
C:\Users\Dell Vostro\Bangunan JMG213E.shp

Picture of Figure 44

 After step 1 to step 4 has been done, the next step to be done is to go to the
Geometry type section then click Polygon as shown in Fig 45.

Picture of Figure 45

Geometry Type :
Polygon

2
  Then in the New Field section click Name > N_Building (step 6) and click
Type > Text Data (step 7) and then length > 80 (step 8). All these steps need to
be placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 9) as shown in Fig 46.

Picture of Figure 46

6
Type: Text Data 7
Name :
N_BangunanAdd to Fields List9

8 Length : 80

 After steps 6, 7, 8 and 9 have been made, then the Fields List section will display
the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user as in the Figure
47.

10

Fields List

Picture of Figure 47

2
 SECTION 2 (Extent)
The next step still maintains almost the same steps as in PART 1 and only needs to
change some aspects as shown in the diagram below.

 In the New Field section click Name > Area (step 11) and Type > 1.2 Decimal
Number (step 12) and then length > 20 (step 13), Precision > 2 (step 14). All
these steps need to be placed in the Add to Fields List (Step 15) as shown in Fig
48.

Text :
11 12
1.2 Decimal Number
Name :
Precision : 2 14
Keluasan

Length : 20

13
Add to Fields List

15

Picture of Figure 48

2
 After steps 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 have been made then the Fields section List
will display the Name , Type and Length that have been filled in by the user and
then click ok for steps next.

Fields List
17
16
ok

Picture of Figure 49
PART 3 (Polygon Data)
 After all the N_Building and Area data has been filled in, the next step to be
done is to click the Toggle Editing section as in Figure 50 and then click Add
Polygon Feature to get the shape of the Polygon data of the types of Buildings as
in the Picture Diagram 51.

Toggle Editting 18

Picture of Figure 50

3
 Add Polygon Feature19

Picture of Figure 51

 After clicking the Toggle Editing section and Add Polygon Feature , table
Feature Attributes will be displayed on the software and the user needs to fill in
the id , Building Name and Area to produce a Polygon shape that depicts the
Name and Area of the buildings as shown in the table listed in down

Picture Figure 52: Post Office

Jadual Feature Attributes 20

21

Id : 1
N_Bangunan : Pejabat Pos
Keluasan : 50.67

3
 22

Id : 2
N_Bangunan : Restoran
Keluasan : 66.70

Picture Diagram 53: Restaurant

23

Id : 3
N_Bangunan : Bank
Keluasan : 70.75

Picture Figure 54: Bank

3
 24

Id : 4
N_Bangunan : Sekolah
Keluasan : 189.30

Picture Figure 55: School

Bentuk Data
Polygon

Picture of Figure 56

These are the steps to create a Polygon data layer in QGIS software.

3
 4.0 HOW TO IMPORT ALTITUDE DATA FROM GOOGLE EARTH
Finally, there are several steps that can be taken to import elevation data through
Google Earth in QGIS software. The steps are:

PART 1 (Google Earth)

 Click the Google Earth Pro software as shown in the Figure 57.

Google Earth Pro

Picture of Figure 57

3
 Then, go to the Search section and look for any place or country that has a high
altitude area for example like Mount Fuji, Japan (Diagram 58).

Picture of Figure 58

1
Mount Fuji, Japan

 After the Search section has been filled in, then the area of Mount Fuji will be
displayed as shown in the diagram 59.

Mount Fuji, Japan

Picture of Figure 59

3
  Next, click Add > Path as in Figure 60 and after that a window will appear in the
software that needs to be filled in such as Name > DEM_QGIS and Line Color
> Red as shown in Figure 61 and Figure 61 62.

Add Path

Diagram 60

Name > DEM_QGIS

Diagram 61

3
 5
Line Colour > Red

Picture of Figure 62

 After that, the user needs to press the mouse on the left side until it can form a red
line as shown in the diagram 63.

Picture of Figure 63

3
  After the red line can be formed, then press the right mouse button, click
DEM_QGIS > Save Place As as shown in Figure 64 and save the data in User
File and click File Name > DEM_QGIS_MOUNT FUJI and click Save as type
> KMZ(*.kmz) and click Save as shown in Fig 65.

Diagram 64

DEM_QGIS 6

Save Place As 7

DEM_QGIS_MOUNT FUJI 8

Save as type > KMZ (*.kmz) 9

Diagram 65

3
PART 2 (GPS Visualizer Website)
 After PART 1 has been done, next go to the Website and Search GPS
Visualizer then click Look up elevations which is listed at the top of the
Website . Example in Fig 66.

Look up elevations

10

Picture of Figure 66

 Then click Upload a file > DEM_QGIS_MOUNT FUJI.kmz and click Output
> Plain text then click Convert & add elevation . Examples of steps as in the
diagram 67.

11

Upload a file 13

Convert & add elevation

Output

12

Picture of Figure 67

3
  After clicking Convert & add elevation then a window will appear as in Figure
68 and then click Download data link the said.

Download 14

Picture of Figure 68

PART 3 (QGIS Software)

 After that, open QGIS software then click Layer > Add Layer > Add Delimited
Text Layer as in Figure 69 then the software will display the Data Source
Manager | window Delimited Text which needs to be filled in as shown in the
diagram 70.

Add Layer 16
Layer
15 Delimited Text Layer 17

Picture of Figure 69

4
 Data Source Manager | Deliminated Text

Picture of Figure 70

 The window needs to be filled in as shown in Figure 71 and Figure 71 72

1. File Name :
2. Layer Name :
3. File Format > Custom Delimiters > Tab > Space
4. Record and Fields Option > First record has field names > Detect field types
5. Geometry Definition > Point coordinates

Picture of Figure 71

4
 Then click Add

18

Add

Picture of Figure 72

 Then the data will come out in the QGIS software and display a red line as shown
in Figure 73.

Picture of Figure 73

4
 To generate the next DEM data the user has to click on Processing Toolbox and
Search Natural Neighbor as in Figure 74, then the software will display the
Natural Neighbor window as in Fig 75.

Natural Neighbour

19

Diagram 74

Tetingkap Natural Neighbour

20

Diagram 75

4
 Natural Neighbor window need to fill in the following data (Parameters) :
1. Points:
2. Attribute > 1.2 altitude
3. Cellsize > 0.000 500
4. Methods > [1] Sibson
5. Target Grid > Save to file > Mount Fuji
6. Click Run

Picture of Figure 76

4
 After the Natural Neighbor window has been filled in, the software will output
DEM data of Mount Fuji as shown in Fig 77.

Picture of Figure 77

These are ways to import elevation data via Google Earth into QGIS software.

4
 SECTION 4 (Contour Lines)
Finally, here are the steps to generate contour lines using Mount Fuji DEM data.
 Click Raster > Extraction > Contour (Diagram 78)

1 Raster

2 Extraction

Contour

Picture of Figure 78

 Mount Fuji DEM data (Figure 79) and through this contour line the user can
distinguish between the highlands and lowlands in the Mount Fuji area, Japan.

Picture of Figure 79