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Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to
human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a
gradual warming of the planet. The primary contributors to global warming include the burning of
fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural practices.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions:

Fossil Fuels: The combustion of fossil fuels for energy is a major source of carbon dioxide
emissions. Coal, oil, and natural gas release large amounts of CO2 when burned for electricity,
transportation, and industrial purposes.
Deforestation: Trees play a crucial role in absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. Deforestation,
which involves cutting down trees for timber or to make way for agriculture, reduces the Earth's
capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
Impacts on Climate:

Rising Temperatures: The most evident consequence of global warming is the rise in average
global temperatures. This warming trend is causing changes in weather patterns, leading to
more frequent and severe heatwaves.
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Higher temperatures contribute to the melting of glaciers and
ice caps, leading to rising sea levels. This poses a significant threat to coastal areas and low-
lying islands.
Effects on Ecosystems:

Disruption of Biodiversity: Global warming can alter habitats and threaten the survival of many
plant and animal species. Some species may be unable to adapt or migrate quickly enough to
survive in a changing climate.
Ocean Acidification: The absorption of excess CO2 by the world's oceans is causing ocean
acidification. This can harm marine life, especially organisms with shells or skeletons made of
calcium carbonate.
Extreme Weather Events:

Increased Intensity: Global warming is linked to an increase in the frequency and intensity of
extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires. These events have
widespread and often devastating impacts on communities and ecosystems.
Human Impact:

Threats to Agriculture: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect crop yields,
leading to food shortages and increased food prices.
Health Risks: The spread of certain diseases may increase as warmer temperatures create
more favorable conditions for disease vectors such as mosquitoes.
Mitigation and Adaptation:
Renewable Energy: Transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and
hydropower is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees and preserving existing forests help sequester
carbon and mitigate the effects of deforestation.
International Cooperation: Global efforts and international agreements are essential to address
the challenges of climate change. Agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global
warming and promote sustainable practices.
Addressing global warming requires a collective and sustained effort from individuals,
communities, businesses, and governments worldwide. It involves not only reducing
greenhouse gas emissions but also adapting to the changes that are already underway. The
urgency of mitigating global warming underscores the need for swift and effective action to
protect the planet and future generations.