CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO NEW LESSON

CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO

NEW LESSON
What do you think is
the effect of online
learning to different
social class if this type
of learning opportunity
becomes standard in
the Philippine education
during the time of
COVID-19 pandemic?
What can you
say about the
picture?
Concept,Characteristics and Forms of
Stratification System
What is Social
Stratification?

Refers to a society’s
categorization of its people
into rankings of socio-
economic tiers based on
factors like wealth, income,
race, education and power.
 Indicators of Social Stratification
•There are some people that are
treated in another way because of
the social status, power, income,
prestige and among others that they
hold in their society (Arcinas,
2016)
Sociologists use the term
social stratification to
describe the system of social
standing.
It is the way people are
ranked and ordered in society
(Cole, 2019).
 What is the differences
between social stratification
and social differentiation?
 Social Stratification and Social Differentiation
 refers to the ranking of
people in a society.
 In short social
stratification is the
separation of people
into social categories
and these categories are
ranked as higher or
lower
 refers to how people
c a n b e distinguished
from one another.
 People in a group
may differ in skin color,
hair color, race,
mental a n d physical
ability, a n d the like.
 a s s igned
or given
Individual’s by
position in a the society
social Ascribed or group
structure Status o n the
Status basis of
some fixed
earned by category…
the evaluationof
individual Achieved status;doesnot
because of Prestige applydirectlyto
his or her Status thepersonbutto
talent, skills, thesocial
occupation categorytowhich
and personsbelong
perseverance to.
 STATUS
•The individual’s position in the
social structures.
•The higher or lower positions
that come about through social
stratifications are called statuses.
 Ascribed statuses
•are assigned or given by the society or
group on the basis of some fixed
category, without regard to a person’s
abilities or performance. These include
sex, family background, race, and ethnic
heritage
 Achieved Statuses
•are earned by the individual because of
his or her talent, skills, occupation and
perseverance. These include, degree or
educational attainment, promotion,
position, earned wealth and the like.
Prestige
• recognition, respect,
and admiration
attached to social
positions
 Weber ’s Component Theory o n
Soc i al Stratification
 Power refers to the ability to influence other
people. It is getting what they want despite
the unwillingness of others to give in to their
desires.
 Prestige refers to the person’s position in
the society. This refers to having a certain
status that enables someone to have
resources or opportunities.
 Wealth refers to the amount of resources
that a person has (Arcinas, 2016).
(Ariola, 2012) … Location Occupation
one may be
viewed as
belonging to the Source of
Education income
upper social
strata o r l o w e r
social strata
Type of Kinship or
depending on house family
the following dwellings
 The Economic Dimension
•1. Sources of Income.
There are different sources of income. These are
the inherited wealth, earned wealth, profits,
professional fees, salaries, wages, private relief,
among others. Wealth is everything that is
owned by a person. Inherited wealth is
acquired since birth and without effort.
•2. Occupation.
What people do for a living determines,
to a large extent, the social position of
the person. Occupation may be classified
into professionals, non- professionals
(clerks, drivers, etc) proprietors of small
business, skilled workers, semi skilled
workers, and unskilled workers.
3. Education.
Educational attainment of a person may be
categorized as masteral or doctoral degree
holder, college graduate, high school
graduate, elementary school drop-out, among
others. Possession of the person of any of
these educational backgrounds may
characterize the person’s status in the
community.
4. Types of house dwellings.
Dwellings can be categorized as permanent
house (concrete and excellent in appearance),
semi-permanent house (semi-concrete and
very good in appearance and construction),
temporary house (wood and fair in appearance
and construction), and poorly constructed
house (houses found in squatter areas, or those
considered below-the-bridge houses).
5. Location of residence.
Power, prestige and wealth are also
attached to the location of residence.
There is disparity of social status when one
residence is located in Forbes Park, White
Plains, squatter area, mountainous-rugged
area, in subdivision and non-subdivision
area.
6. Kinship or family.
In the Philippines, when a person belongs to the
Ayala’s, Soriano’s, Zobel’s, Villars, that person is
regarded as belonging to the upper class (rich)
status. Children of sultans and datus are highly
regarded as rich. If a person is from a family whose
house is situated in the squatter’s area, that
person is regarded as poor or belonging to lower
class status.
Types of Social
Stratification and
their Characteristics
What can you
say about the
picture?
Types of Social Stratification and
their Characteristics
Open
• Upper Class Middle Class  Lower Class
System

Closed  Caste System  Estate System

System

Ethnic
 Based on national origin, language and religion.
System
 T h e c l a ss st r uc t ur e is a n o p e n
sy stem. It e nc oura ge s pe opl e to
str i ve a n d a c h i e v e s o m e t h i n g .
Open System People belonging to one social class
h a v e si mi l ar opportunities, similar
lifestyles, attitudes, be ha vi or a n d
possibly similar socio-economic
positions.
It is b a s e d o n a c h i e v e m e n t , a l l ow
m o v e m e n t a n d interaction b e t w e e n
lay ers a n d classes. O n e p e r s o n c a n
m o v e u p o r d o w n to class t h r o u g h
intermarriages, opportunities, or
achievement. People have equal
Open System
1. Upper Class – The people in this class have great
wealth and sources of income. They constitute the
elite wealthy group in the society. They have high
reputation in terms of power and prestige. They live
in exclusive residential area, belong to exclusive
private clubs, and may have strong political
influence in the system of government. They own
several cars and properties and their children may
study in exclusive schools
Open System
2. Middle Class – The people in this class may belong to the upper-
middle class which is often made up of highly educated business and
professional people with high incomes, such as doctors, lawyers,
stockbrokers, and CEOs or to the lower-middle class often made up of
people with lower incomes, such as managers, small business
owners, teachers, and secretaries. Aside from generally command of
high income, people belonging to the upper-middle class often have
college education, live in comfortable homes, own properties, have
some money savings, and active in community activities. People in
the lower-middle class have not achieved the same lifestyle of the
upper –middle class but somehow have modest income and live in
simple life.
Open System
3. Lower Class –The lower class is typified by poverty, homelessness, and
unemployment. The people in this class belong to the bottom of socio-
economic ladder. They may be categorized into two: upper-lower class and
lower-lower class. In the upper-lower class, people are considered as the
working class or laborers. They have acquired little education, little time to
be involved in civic and community activities. Some of them are
underemployed, have many socio-economic problems, with little or no
luxuries at all. The people in the lower-lower class are unemployed, or no
source of income except by begging or dependent from private and
government relief. Many of them live in squatter areas, under the bridge,
in street corridors, or with no house at all. Many of them are liabilities of
society because they may be involved in drug addiction and criminalities.
Closed System
 Closed system accommodates
little change in social position.
 Do not allow people to shift
levels and do not permit social
relationships between levels.
1. CASTE SYSTEM
• People are unable to change their social
standing.
• Promotes belief in fate, destiny, and the
will of higher spiritual power rather than
promotion of individual freedom.
• People born into caste society are
socialized to accept their standing for
the rest of their lives.
• No opportunity to improve one’s social
position.
2. ESTATE SYSTEM
• s o m e w h a t a closed sy stem in
w hich the person’s social
s t a n d i n g is b a s e d o n
ow nership of land, birth, or
military strength.
• In the mi d d l e ages there are
three (3) ma j o r estates in
Europe – nobility, clergy, an d
the peasants.
 Ethic System
• based on national origin, language a n d religion.
• Ethnicity sets segments of society apart a n d each
group has a sense of identity.
• People interact more freely with those people
belonging to the s a m e ethnic category.
• D uring the Spanish a n d A merica n colonial sy stems
in the Philippines, the colonizers perceived
themselves to be occupy ing the upper social class
than the Filipinos or the natives w h o m they called
as Indios.
• Immi gr an t s usually belong to a low er status than
the inhabita n ts .
SOCIAL MOBILITY
The movement of persons from one position to another in
the stratification system. This pertains to the idea that
people have an equal opportunity to end up at the top of
stratification system; that anyone can reach the apex or
peak of the hierarchy.
Meritocracy- a system in which social mobility is based
on personal merit and individual changes.
 TYPES OF MOBILITY
1. Horizontal Social Mobility- This is the change of position of
a person to another position of the same rank.
2. Vertical Social Mobility-happens when a person moves from
one social class to another.
a. Upward Mobility- upward movement in social class. May
be through education, employment of marriage.
b. Downward Mobility- lowering of social class. Brought by
economic setbacks unemployment illness and dropping out
of school.
Kinds of Social Mobility
 1. Social Mobility refers to the movement upward or
d o w n w a rd a m o n g the social positions in a ny given social
stratification. It m a y b e u p wa r d (vertical) mobility and
d o wn ward (horizontal) mobility.
 Vertical mobility refers to the movement of people of groups
f r o m o n e s t a t u s t o a n o t h e r . It i n v o l v e s c h a n g e i n c l a s s ,
occupation or p o w e r. F o r e x a mp l e , the m o v e m e n t of people
f r o m t h e p o o r class to t h e m i d d l e class.
 Horizontal mobility is a change in position without the
c h a n g e i n s t a t u s . It i n d i c a t e s a c h a n g e i n p o s i t i o n , w i t h i n
t h e r a n g e o f t h e status. A c h a n g e i n status m a y c o m e
a b o u t t h r o u g h o n e ’s o c c u p a t i o n , m a r r yi n g i n t o a certain f a mi l y
a n d others. F o r e x a m p l e , a n e n g i n ee r w o r k i n g in a f actory m a y
resign f r o m his j o b a n d join a n o t h e r factory.
Kinds of Social Mobility
 2. Geographical Mobility is otherwise known as
physical mobility.
 It m a y b e a v oluntary m o v e m e n t o f pe ople f r o m
o n e g e o g r a ph i ca l a r e a to a n o t h e r d u e to change
in residence, c o mmu t i n g f r o m h o m e to office,
m a k i n g b u s in e ss trips, a n d v o lu n ta ry mig ra tio n
f r o m o n e c ountry to another.
 It m a y b e also a fo r c ed mig ra tio n w h i c h include
f o r c e d r e l o c at i on o r re s id e n c e , eviction,
d i s p o s se ssio n o f u n w a n t e d p e o p le , a n d
transportation o f slaves.
Kinds of Social Mobility
 3. Role Mobility is the individual’s
shifting from role to role.
 F o r e x a mp l e , the father is the b r e a d
earner of the fa mi l y but m a y b e a t e a cher
in school, o r t h e leader at h o m e or a
follower in the school or office.
 A daughter m a y b e submissive at h o m e
but very active as a campus student
leader. (Ariola, 2012).
 Why is there stratification
system?
FUNCTIONALIST THEORY

CONFLICT THEORY-Karl Marx

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIS
 FUNCTIONALIST THEORY

➢Stratification exist because it serves important

purpose or function in the society.
➢It emphasize that all memebers of the society
performs different roles based on their ability
skill
 SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY
➢Stratification exist because it benefits certain groups of people
who dominate and exploit others.
➢It rests highly on the interest that divide the people.

KARL MARX’s SOCIAL CLASSES

Advocated by Karl Marx (1818-1883) who saw the injustice
and unequal treatment of the bourgeoise or the Upper Class to
the Proletariat or the working class during the industrial
revolution
 SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM
➢understand stratification by looking at
people’s interaction and understanding in
their daily lives.
➢it Examines how people’s social standing
affects their everyday interactions.
Thank you!