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PHYSICS GR # 04_CALORIMETRY & HEAT TRANSFER

SECTION-I
Single Correct Answer Type 9 Q. [3 M (–1)]
1. Some steam at 100°C is passed into 1.1 kg of water contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent
0.02 kg at 15°C so that the temperature of the calorimeter and its contents rises to 80°C. What is the
mass of steam condensing. (in kg)
100°C rki okyh Hkki dks 0.02 fdyksxzke ty rqY;kad okys dSyksjh ehVj esa 15°C rki ij Hkjs 1.1 kg ty esa izokfgr
fd;k tkrk gAS ifj.kke Lo:i dy
S ksjhehVj ,oa ty dk rki 80°C gks tkrk gS rc la?kfur Hkki dk nzO;eku fdyksxzke esa
gS %&
(A) 0.130 (B) 0.065 (C) 0.260 (D) 0.135
Ans. (A)
Sol. Let m kg of steam condenses
1.12 × 1 × 65 = 540 × m + m × 1 × 20
Heat gain = Heat lost
2. If emissivity of bodies X and Y are ex and ey and absorptive power are Ax and Ay then
;fn fi.Mksa X o Y dh mRltZdrk,¡ ex o ey o vo'kks"k.k {kerk Ax o Ay gS rks

(A*) ey > ex ; Ay > Ax (B) ey < ex ; Ay < Ax (C) ey > ex ; Ay < Ax (D) ey = ex ; Ay = Ax
Ans. (A)
dT
Sol. - µe ....(i)
dt
e=a ....(ii)
3. A thermally insulated vessel contains some water at 00C. The vessel is connected to a vacuum pump to
pump out water vapour. This results in some water getting frozen. It is given Latent heat of vaporization
of water at 0°C = 21 × 105 J/kg and latent heat of freezing of water = 3.36 × 105 J/kg. The maximum
percentage amount of water that will be solidified in this manner will be :-
,d Å"eh; dqpkyd ik= esa 0°C ij dqN ikuh Hkjk gqvk gAS bl ik= ls ty ok"i dks ckgj fudkyus ds fy;s bls
,d fuokZ r iEi ls tks M + k tkrk gSA blds dkj.k dq N ikuh te tkrk gSA 0°C ij ikuh ds ok"iu dh xq Ir
Å"ek = 21 × 105 J/kg rFkk ikuh ds teus dh xqIr Å"ek = 3.36 × 105 J/kg gAS bl izfØ;k esa tes gq, ikuh dh
vfèkdre izfr'kr ek=k gksxh%&
(A) 86.2% (B) 33.6% (C) 21% (D) 24.36%
Ans. (A)
Sol. Let the total amount be = 100 unit
Let m solidity
m × Lf = (100 – m)LV
m = 86.2

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4. A rod of length L and uniform cross-sectional area has varying thermal conductivity which changes
linearly from 2K at end A to K at the other end B. The ends A and B of the rod are maintained at
constant temperature 100°C and 0°C, respectively. At steady state, the graph of temperature :
T = T(x) where x = distance from end A will be
yEckbZ L rFkk le:i vuqizLFk dkV {ks=Qy okyh ,d NM+ dh Å"eh; pkydrk ifjorZu'khy gAS ;g fljs A ij 2K ls
fljs B ij K rd js[kh; :i ls ifjofrZr gksrh gAS NM+ ds fljs A rFkk B Øe'k% fu;r rkiksa 100°C rFkk 0°C ij gAS
LFkk;h voLFkk esa rki T = T(x) dk xzkQ gksxk (;gka x = fljs A ls nwjh gS)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (B)
2k x k
Sol. A B
100° 0°

k
k(x) = - x + 2k
L

dQ dT
= -k ( x ) A
dt dx

dQ
Let =P
dt

-Pdx
dT =
k (x) A

PL dx
dT = - A ( -kx + 2 kL )

T( x) x
PL dx
ò
100
dT = ò
A 0 ( kx - 2kL )

PL é ln ( kx - 2 kL ) ù
x

T(x) – 100 = ê ú
A ë k û0

PL
= é ln ( kx - 2 kL ) - ln2 kL ùû
Ak ë

PL é kx - 2kL ù
T(x) – 100 = ln
Ak êë 2kL úû

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5. ‘Gulab Jamuns’ (assumed to be spherical) are to be heated in an oven. They are available in two sizes,
one twice bigger (in radius) than the other. Pizzas (assumed to be discs) are also to be heated in oven.
They are also in two sizes, one twice big (in radius) than the other. All four are put together to be heated
to oven temperature. Choose the correct option from the following:
(A) Both size gulab jamuns will get heated in the same time.
(B) Smaller gulab jamuns are heated before bigger ones.
(C) Smaller pizzas are heated before bigger ones.
(D) Bigger pizzas are heated before smaller ones.
xqykc tkequ (xksy ekudj) fdlh Hkêh ij rIr fd, tkrs gaSA ;s nks lkbtksa esa miyC/k gaSA ,d nwljs ls nksxquk (f=T;k esa)
cM+k gAS fiT+T+kk (fMLd ekudj) dks Hkh Hkêh ij rIr fd;k tkrk gAS ;s Hkh nks lkbT+kksa esa gAS ,d nwljs ls nksxquk (f=T;k esa)
cM+k gAS pkjksa dks ,d lkFk Hkêh ds rki ij rIr fd;k tkrk gSA fuEufyf[kr esa ls lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft, %&
(A) nksuksa lkbT+kksa dh xqykc tkequ leku le; esa rIr gksxhA
(B) NksVk xqykc tkequ cM+s ls igys rIr gks tkrh gAS
(C) NksVk fiT+T+kk cM+kas ls igys rIr gks tkrk gAS
(D) cM+k fiT+T+kk NksVksa ls igys rIr gks tkrk gAS
Ans. (B)
dT seA 4
Sol.
dt
=
ms
(
T - TS4 )
dT A
µ (m = rV)
dt m

dT
for disc (pizzas) m µ A so is same for both
dt

small (A, m)
gulab jamuns
for
(sphere)
big (4A, 8m)

æ dT ö æ dT ö
ç dt ÷ >ç ÷ (for Gulab jamun)
è øsmall è dt øbig

103
6. Two identical metallic sheets of area m2 are arranged parallel with some separation between
17 ´ 27
them in vacuum. Thermal energy at a constant rate 'P' is generated in one of the sheets by passing
current through it. In steady state, the temperature of the other sheet is found to be 300 K. The value of

æ 17 W ö
P (in KW) is :- ç s = ´ 10 -8 2 4 ÷
è 3 mK ø

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103
{ks=Qy m2 okyh nks ,dtSlh /kkfRod 'khVksa dks fuokZr esa muds e/; dqN nwjh j[krs gq, lekUrj O;ofLFkr fd;k
17 ´ 27
tkrk gAS fdlh ,d 'khV esa blls /kkjk çokfgr djds fu;r nj P ij rkih; ÅtkZ mRiUu dh tkrh gAS LFkk;h voLFkk esa
æ 17
-8 ö W
nwljh 'khV dk rkieku 300 K çkIr gksrk g]S rks P (kW esa) dk eku Kkr dhft;sA ç s = 3 ´ 10 m2 K 4 ÷
è ø
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (C)

T 300

Sol.
P

P = As (T4 – 3004) + As × T4 ... (i)

As (T4 – 3004) = As × 3004 ... (ii)
T4 = 2 × 3004
P = As (3 × 3004)
103 17
= ´ ´ 108 ´ 81 ´ 108
17 ´ 27 3
7. A copper sphere is suspended in an evacuated chamber maintained at 300 K. The sphere is mantained
at a constant temperature of 500 K by heating it electrically. A total of 300 W of electric power is needed
to do it. When half of the surface of the copper sphere is completely blackened, 600W is needed to
maintain the same temperature of the sphere. Calculate the emissivity of copper.
,d rk¡cs ds xksys dks 300 K rkieku okys ,d fuokZfrr d{k esa yVdk;k tkrk gAS bl xksys dks fo|qr ;qfDr }kjk Å"ek
iznku dj bldk rkieku 500 K ij fu;r cuk;s j[kk tkrk gSA ,slk djus ds fy;s dqy 300 W fo|qr 'kfDr dh
vko';drk gksrh gAS tc rk¡cs ds xksys dh vk/kh lrg dks iw.kZr;k dkyk dj fn;k tkrk gS rks xksys dk ;gh rkieku cuk;s
j[kus ds fy;s vc 600W dh vko';drk gksrh gAS rk¡cs dh mRltZdrk gksxh%&
1 2 1 1
*(A) e = (B) e = (C) e = (D) e =
3 3 2 6
Ans. (A)
Sol. Initially T = 300 Ts= 500
300 = s e A [5004 – 3004] ....(1)

afterwards half of the surface of sphere is completely blackened

seA sA
600 = [5004 – 3004] + [5004 – 3004] ....(2)
2 2
dividing (2) by (1)
æe 1ö
ç + ÷ e 1 1
2 2ø
2= è Þ2e = + Þe =
e 2 2 3

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8. Two highly conducting shells A and B have radius R and 2R and are concentric. Temperature of A is
maintained at 2T 0 and the arrangement is kept in an encloser of temperature T0 as shown. In steady state
the temperature of B is :
nks mPp ladUs æh; pkyd dks'kksa A o B dh f=T;k Øe'k% R o 2R gAS A dk rkieku 2T0 ij vuqjf{kr j[krs gq;s fudk;
dks T0 rkieku okys ,d d{k esa j[kk tkrk g]S fp= ns[ksaA LFkk;h voLFkk esa B dk rkieku gksxk%&

A
T0

1
1 æ 5ö 4 1
(A) 2 T0
4 (B) ç ÷ T0 (C) 2 2 T (D) None of these
è 2ø 0

Ans. (C)
Sol. For shell B to be in steady state
Power absorbed = Power radiated
B absorbs all radiations of A = 16 × 4pR2 T04s
B absorbs all radiations of surrounding
= 4× 4pR2sT04
9. Assuming newton's law of cooling to be valid, body at temperature 50° C in surrounding of temperature
20°C, achieve steady state with help of 100 W heater. If same body has temperature 35°C in same
surrounding, then power of heater required to maintain steady state :-
20°C rkieku okys ifjos'k esa j[kh gqbZ 50° C rkieku okyh oLrq ,d 100 W ghVj dh lgk;rk ls LFkk;h voLFkk izkIr
djrh gAS ;fn blh ifjos'k esa blh oLrq dk rkieku 35°C gksrk rks LFkk;h voLFkk cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s vko';d ghVj dh
'kfä gksxh (ekuk U;wVu dk 'khryu dk fu;e ykxw gksrk g)S %&
(A) 70 W (B) 50 W (C) 100 W (D) 35 W
Ans. (B)
Sol. Temperature of surrounding is 20°C
50°C 35°C
Heater 100 W Heater XW
100 = K (50 – 20) x = K(35 – 20)
100
100 = K × 30 x= ´ 15
30
x = 50
Multiple Correct Answer Type 6 Q. [4 M (–1)]
10. Two metallic sphere A and B are made of same material and have got identical surface finish. The mass
of sphere A is four times that of B. Both the spheres are heated to the same temperature and placed in a
room having lower temperature but thermally insulated from each other.
(A) The ratio of heat loss of A to that of B is 24/3.
(B) The ratio of heat loss of A to that of B is 22/3.
(C) The ratio of the initial rate of cooling of A to that of B is 2-2/3.
(D) The ratio of the initial rate of cooling of A to that of B is 2-4/3.
nks /kkfRod xksyksa A o B dks leku inkFkZ ls cuk;k x;k gS rFkk buds lrgsa ,dleku :i ls pedhyh gAS xksys A dk

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nzO;eku xksys B dh rqyuk esa pkj xquk gAS nksuksa xksyksa dks leku rki ij xeZ djrs gaS rFkk fQj dejs esa fuEu rki ij ijUrq
,d nwljs ls rkih; :i ls foyfxr j[krs gaSA
(A) A rFkk B dh Å"ekgkfu;ksa ds e/; vuqikr 24/3 gAS
(B) A rFkk B dh Å"ekgkfu;ksa ds e/; vuqikr 22/3 gAS
(C) A rFkk B dh izkjfEHkd 'khryu nj ds e/; vuqikr 2-2/3 gAS
(D) A rFkk B dh izkjfEHkd 'khryu nj ds e/; vuqikr 2-4/3 gAS
Ans. (A,C)
Sol. m µ V

4 3
pr
mA 3 A
= = 4 = 22
mB 4 pr 3
3 B

rA
Þ r =2
2/3

e & s is same for both

dQ
µ Area µ r 2
dt

æ dQ ö
ç dt ÷ æ rA ö
2
è øA
= ç ÷ =2
4 /3

æ dQ ö r
è Bø
ç dt ÷
è øB

dT Area
- µ
dt mass

æ dT ö
ç dt ÷ 4/3
è øA 2
= 2 = 2 -2 / 3
æ dT ö 2
ç dt ÷
è øB
11. Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivities of 0.01 and 0.81 respectively. The outer surface areas of
the two bodies are the same. The two bodies radiate energy at the same rate. The wavelength lB,
corresponding to the maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from B, is shifted from the wavelength
corresponding to the maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from A by 1.00 mm. If the temperature
of A is 5802 K,
(A) the temperature of B is 1934 K (B) lB =1.5 mm
(C) the temperature of B is 11604 K (D) the temperature of B is 2901 K
nks fi.Mksa A o B dh rkih; mRltZdrk,¡ Øe'k% 0.01 o 0.81 gaSA nksuksa fi.Mksa ds ckgjh i`"Bh; {ks=Qy leku gaSA nksuksa
fi.M leku nj ls ÅtkZ mRlftZr djrs gaSA B ls fofdfjr vf/kdre LisDVªeh fofdj.k ds laxr rjaxnS /;Z lB dks A ls

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fofdfjr vf/kdre LisDVªeh fofdj.k ds laxr rjaxn/S ;Z ls 1.00 mm foLFkkfir dj nsrs gaSA ;fn A dk rki 5802 K gks
rks %&
(A) B dk rki 1934 K gksxkA (B) lB =1.5 mm

(C) B dk rki 11604 K gksxkA (D) B dk rki 2901 K gksxkA

Ans. (A,B)
Sol. eA = 0.01, eB = 0.81
Area = same for both
dQ
= esAT 4 = same for both
dt
seAATA4 = seBATB4
4
æ TA ö eB
ç ÷ = = 81 = 34
è TB ø eA

TA
= 3 Þ T = TA = 1934
TB B 3
also
lBTB = lATA
lB × 1934 = (lA – 1)5802
lB = 3lB – 3
2lB = 3
Þ lB = 1.5 µm
12. A vessel of negligible heat capacity is having volume V0 of water at a temperature of T0. From a faucet
above water is falling from a geyser, at constant rate 'r' (volume flow rate). The temperature of water
from geyser is 3T0. The CORRECT statements are
(A) The temperature of water in the vessel increases linearly with time
(B) The temperature of the water in the vessel increases but not linearly with-time
(C) The volume of water in vessel becomes 2V0 when the temperature 2T0
5T0 V
(D) The temperature of water is after t = 0
3 2r
ux.; Å"ek/kkfjrk okys ,d ik= esa rkieku T0 ij Hkjs ty dk vk;ru V0 gAS ty ds Åij ,d xhtj dh VksaVh ls ty
fu;r nj 'r' (vk;ru izokg nj) ij fxj jgk gAS xhtj ls vkus okys ty dk rkieku 3T0 gAS lgh dFku@dFkuksa dks
pqfu;s %&
(A) ik= esa ty dk rkieku le; ds lkFk js[kh; :i ls c<+rk gAS
(B) ik= esa ty dk rkieku c<+rk gS ijUrq le; ds lkFk js[kh; :i ls ughaA
(C) rkieku 2T0 gksus ij ik= esa ty dk vk;ru 2V0 gks tkrk gSA
V0 5T0
(D) t = ds i'pkr~ ty dk rkieku gksxkA
2r 3
Ans. (B,C,D)

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Sol. In time t, the water which has fallen into the vessel is rt at temperature 3T0.
So by principle of caloriemetry.
V0s(T - T0 ) = rt(3T0 - T)s

æ 2rt ö
T = ç1 + ÷ T0
è V0 + rt ø

Putting T = 2T0
V0
t=
r
V = V0 + rt = 2V0

V0
Also for t =
2r

5
T= T0
3
13. Figure shows two reservoirs containing two liquids of masses 4m and 2m and their specific heat capacities
are S and 2S respectively. Their initial temperatures are 4T0 and T0 respectively. The containers are
joined by a conducting rod of thermal conductivity K, length l and cross-section area A specific heat
capacity of the rod is negligible.
fp=kuqlkj nks ik=ksa esa æO;eku 4m rFkk 2m okys æo Hkjs gq;s gS rFkk mudh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk,sa Øe'k% S rFkk 2S gAS
buds çkjfEHkd rkieku Øe'k% 4T0 rFkk T0 gAS ik=ksa dks rkih; pkydrk K, yEckbZ l rFkk vuqizLFk dkV {ks=Qy A okyh
pkyd NM+ }kjk tksM+k x;k gAS NM+ dh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk ux.; gAS
4m P 2m
S 2S
l,k,A
4T0 T0

(A) The temperature of mid-point ‘P’ of the rod is always constant.

(B) Heat extracted from container 1 = Heat supplied to container 2.
2msl
(C) After time t 0 = ln2 the temperature difference between containers becomes half of the initial
kA
temperature difference.
msl
(D) After time t0 = ln2 the temperature difference between containers becomes half of the initial
kA
temperature difference.
(A) NM+ ds e/; fcUnq ‘P’ dk rkieku lnSo fu;r gksxkA
(B) ik= 1 ls fu"dkflr Å"ek = ik= 2 dks nh xbZ Å"ekA
2msl
(C) le; t 0 = ln2 i'pkr ik=ksa ds e/; rkikUrj] izkjafHkd rkikUrj dk vk/kk gks tkrk gAS
kA

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msl
(D) le; t0 = ln2 i'pkr ik=ksa ds e/; rkikUrj] izkjafHkd rkikUrj dk vk/kk gks tkrk gAS
kA
Ans. (A,B,C)
Sol. dQ = (4m)s (–dT1) = (2m) (2s) dT2)
-KAt
On solving we get DTf = DTi e 2msl
Temperature of point P remains constant
14. Consider the shown case of a freezing lake due to negative environmental temperature (–q° C). Thickness
(x) of ice layer is small in comparison to depth of lake. Rate of increase in x will be greater:
fp= esa iznf'kZr ½.kkRed ifjos'kh rkieku (–q° C) ds dkj.k teh gqbZ >hy ij fopkj dhft;sA cQZ dh ijr dh eksVkbZ
(x), >hy dh xgjkbZ dh rqyuk esa vYi gAS x esa o`f} dh nj vf/kd gksxh %&

–q°C

ice x

water

(A) If environmental temperature increases (B) For larger thickness of ice layer
(C) If environmental temperature decreases (D) For smaller thickness of ice layer
(A) ;fn ifjos'kh rkieku c<+rk gAS (B) cQZ dh ijr dh vf/kd eksVkbZ ds fy,A
(C) ;fn ifjos'kh rkieku ?kVrk gAS (D) cQZ dh ijr dh de eksVkbZ ds fy;sA
Ans. (C,D)
dx kq
Sol. (D) dt = rL x
f

dx
\ If 'x' increases reduces.
dt
15. A thin copper tube of outer radius 0.5 cm carries a liquid flowing at T = 100°C. The copper tube loses
heat according to Newton's law with constant of proportionality 3 × 10–3 cal/cm2 sec°C. The temperature
of surrounding is 20°C. Now we coat a layer with thermal conductivity 2.8 × 10–3 cal/cm°C sec. The
layer is 0.5 cm thick. Assume that outer surface of layer loses heat with same constant of proportionality
: (Take : ln2 = 0.7)
ckg~; f=T;k 0.5 cm okyh ,d iryh rkacs dh uyh esa T = 100°C rkieku ij ,d æo izokfgr gksrk gAS rkacs dh uyh ls
Å"ekâkl U;wVu ds fu;e ds vuqlkj gksrk gS rFkk lekuqikrh fLFkjkad 3 × 10–3 cal/cm2 sec°C gAS ifjos'k dk rkieku
20°C gAS vc rkih; pkydrk 2.8 × 10–3 cal/cm°C sec okyh ,d ijr p<+k nh tkrh gS ftldh eksVkbZ 0.5 cm gAS
ekuk ijr dh ckgjh lrg ls Å"ekâkl leku lekuqikrh fLFkjkad }kjk gksrk gAS (ln2 = 0.7)
8
(A) The rate of heat loss becomes times
7
7
(B) The rate of heat loss becomes times
8
(C) The temperature T of outer surface of layer is approximately 65.7°C

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(D) The temperature T of outer surface of layer is approximately 42.2°C

8
(A) Å"ekâkl dh nj xquk gks tkrh gSA
7
7
(B) Å"ekâkl dh nj xquk gks tkrh gSA
8
(C) ijr dh ckgjh lrg dk rkieku T dk eku yxHkx 65.7°C gAS
(D) ijr dh ckgjh lrg dk rkieku T dk eku yxHkx 42.2°C gAS
Ans. (B,C)
dH
Sol. = b ( T - T0 )
dT
= 3 × 10–3 × 2p × 0.5 × l × 80
= 2.4p × 10–11 cal/sec
Case-2
dH
= 3 ´ 10-3 ´ 1 ´ l ´ ( T - 20 ) × 2p
dt
2pkl
= ´ (100 - T )
ln ( 2 )

2.8 ´ 10-3
3(T – 20) = (100 - T )
0.7
3T – 60 = 400 – 4T
7T = 460
460
T= = 65.7°C
7

dH' 3 ´ 10 -3 ´ l æ 460 - 20 ö ´ 2p
ç 7 ÷
dt = è ø
dH 2.4p ´ 10 ´ l
-1

dt
1 æ 460 - 140 ö 320
= ÷ =
40 çè 7 ø 280
SECTION-II
Numerical Answer Type Question 2Q.[3M(0)]
(upto second decimal place)
1. A cylindrical block of length 0.4 m an area of cross-section 0.04m2 is placed coaxially on a thin metal
disc of mass 0.4 kg and of the same cross-section. The upper face of the cylinder is maintained at a
constant temperature of 400K and the initial temperature of the disc is 300K. If the thermal conductivity
of the material of the cylinder is 10 watt/m-K and the specific heat of the material of the disc in
600 J/kg-K, how long will it take for the temperature of the disc to increase to 350K? Assume, for
purposes of calculation, the thermal conductivity of the disc to be very high and the system to be thermally
insulated except for the upper face of the cylinder.
0.4 m yEckbZ ,oa 0.04 m2 vuqizLFk dkV {ks=Qy ds ,d csyukdkj CykWd dks 0.4 kg nzO;eku ,oa leku vuqizLFk
dkV dh ,d iryh /kkfRod pdrh ij lek{kh; j[kk x;k gSA csyu ds Åijh Qyd dks 400 K fu;r rki ij j[kk

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x;k gS ,oa pdrh dk izkjfEHkd rki 300 K gSA ;fn csyu ds inkFkZ dh Å"ek pkydrk 10 W/mK ,oa pdrh ds
inkFkZ dh fof'k"V Å"ek 600 J/kg-K gks rks pdrh dk rkieku 350 K gksus esa ;g fdruk le; ysxk\ x.kuk ds fy;s
dYiuk djrs gaS fd pdrh dh Å"ek pkydrk cgqr vf/kd ,oa csyu ds Åijh Qyd dks NksM+dj 'ks"k fudk;
Å"ekjks/kh gSA
Ans. 166.3 sec

Constant temp = 400 k

q0
Block
Sol.
q Disc

q = temp of disc
q0 = constant temp

kA ( q0 - q )
Heat input to disc =
L

dq
Heat utilised by disc = ms
dt
S = Specific heat of disc

dq kA ( q0 - q )
ms =
dt L

350 dq kA t
Þ ò (q
300
0 - q)
=
msL ò0
dt

msL æ q0 - 300 ö
Þ t = kA ln ç ÷
è q0 - 350 ø
Þ t = 166.32 sec
2. Consider a rod of length 1m. One of the ends of the rod is maintained at 100°C.The other end is at 0°C.
At the distance of 25 cm from the end at higher temperature, there is a heat source giving heat at a
constant rate of 80 W to the rod. The area of the rod is 100 cm2 and coefficient of thermal conductivity
is 50 W/mK. What is the temperature of the heat source? (in °C)
yEckbZ 1m okyh NM+ ij fopkj dhft;sA NM+ ds fdlh ,d fljs dk rkieku 100°C ij vuqjf{kr gAS nwljk fljk 0°C ij
gAS mPp rkieku okys fljs ls 25 cm nwjh ij ,d Å"ek L=ksr fo|eku gS tks NM+ dks 80 W dh fu;r nj ls Å"ek çnku
djrk gAS NM+ dk {ks=Qy 100 cm2 rFkk rkih; pkydrk xq.kkad 50 W/mK gAS Å"ek L=ksr dk rkieku (°C esa) Kkr
dhft;sA
Ans. 105.00

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25T
100°C 0°C
Sol.
80W

kA kA
80 = ( T - 100 ) + (T - 0)
0.25 0.75

100 T
80 = = T - 100 +
4 ´ 50 3

4T
140 =
3

420
ÞT = = 105°C
4
SECTION-III
Numerical Grid Type (Ranging from 0 to 9) 1 Q. [4 M (0)]
1. Temperature of a body changes from 60° to 50°C in 10 minutes. If surrounding temperature is 30°C and
10t
it take minutes to change temperature from 50° to 40°C. Find t (assuming Newton law of cooling
3
applicable)
fdlh oLrq dk rkieku 10 fefuV esa 60° ls 50° rd ifjofrZr gksrk gAS ;fn ifjos'kh rkieku 30°C gks rFkk rkieku dks
10t
50°C ls 40°C rd ifjofrZr gksus esa fefuV dk le; yxrk gS rks t dk eku Kkr dhft;sA (;gk¡ U;wVu dk 'khryu
3
fu;e ykxw gksrk gAS )
Ans. 5
dT
Sol. - = k ( Tbody - Tsurrounding )
dt

60 - 50 æ 60 + 50 ö
= kç - 30 ÷
10 è 2 ø
1 = k(25)
1
k=
25

50 - 40 1 æ 50 + 40 ö
= - 50 ÷
t 25 çè 2 ø

10 1
= (15)
2 25

50
t=
3

50 10t
= Þt=5
3 3
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SECTION-IV
Matrix Match Type (4 × 5) 1 Q. [8 M (for each entry +2(0)]
1. A & B are two black bodies of radii rA and rB respectively, placed in surrounding of temperature T0. At
steady state the temperature of A & B is TA & TB respectively.
Column I Column II

(A) A B (P) TA = TB

• A & B are solid sphere

• rA = rB
• Body ‘B’ is being heated by a heater
of constant power ‘P’

(B) (Q) TA < TB

A

• B is thin spherical shell

• A is a solid sphere
• rA < rB

(C) (R) Heat received by A is more than

A heat radiated by it at steady state.

• B is thin spherical shell

• A is a solid sphere
• rA < rB
• Body A is being heated by a heater
of constant power ‘P’

(D) (S) Radiation spectrum of A & B

A is distinguishable

• B is thin spherical shell (T) Steady state can’t be achieved

• A is a solid sphere
• rA » rB
• Body B is being heated by a heater
of constant power ‘P’
A o B Øe'k% rA rFkk rB f=T;kvksa okyh nks Ïf".kdk,sa gaSA ;s T0 rkieku okys ifjos'k esa j[kh gqbZ gaSA LFkk;h voLFkk esa A

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rFkk B ds rkieku Øe'k% TA o TB gaSA

LrEHk I LrEHk II

(A) A B (P) TA = TB

• A o B Bksl xksys gaSA

• rA = rB
• fi.M ‘B’ dks fu;r 'kfDr P okys ghVj
}kjk xeZ fd;k tkrk gSA

(B) (Q) TA < TB

A

• B ,d iryk xksykdkj dks'k gSA

• A ,d Bksl xksyk gAS
• rA < rB

(C) (R) LFkk;h voLFkk esa A }kjk xzg.k dh xbZ

A Å"ek blds }kjk mRlftZr Å"ek
ls vf/kd gAS

• B ,d iryk xksykdkj dks'k gSA

• A ,d Bksl xksyk gAS
• rA < rB
• fi.M A dks fu;r 'kfDr P okys
ghVj }kjk xeZ fd;k tkrk gSA

(D) (S) A o B ds fofdj.k LisDVªe dks

A foHksfnr fd;k tk ldrk gAS

• B ,d iryk xksykdkj dks'k gSA (T) LFkk;h voLFkk izkIr ugha gks ldrh gAS
• A ,d Bksl xksyk gSA
• rA » rB
• fi.M B dks fu;r 'kfDr P okys
ghVj }kjk xeZ fd;k tkrk gSA
Ans. A - Q,S; B - P; C - S; D - P
Sol. Explain

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Subjective Type 6Q. [4 M (0)]

1. One day in the morning, Ramesh filled up 1/3 bucket of hot water from geyser, to take bath. Remaining
2/3 was to be filled by cold water (at room temperature) to bring mixture to a comfortable temperature.
Suddenly Ramesh had to attend to something which would take some times, say 5-10 minutes before he
could take bath. Now he had two options: (i) fill the remaining bucket completely by cold water and
then attend to the work, (ii) first attend to the work and fill the remaining bucket just before taking bath.
Which option do you think would have kept water warmer ? Explain.
,d fnu izkr% jes'k us xhtj ds xeZ ikuh ls 1/3 ckYVh HkjhA 'ks"k 2/3 ckYVh dks BaMs ty (d{k rki ij) }kjk feJ.k dks
vkjkenk;d rki ij ykus ds fy , Hkjk tkuk FkkA vpkud jes 'k dks dksb Z dk;Z djuk g S ftles a ugkus ls iw oZ
5-10 feuV dk le; yxsxkA vc mlds ikl nks fodYi gS % (i) ckYVh ds 'ks"k Hkkx dks iwjk Hkjus ds i'pkr~ dke ij tk,
(ii) igys dke djs vkjS fQj ugkus ls rqjar igys 'ks"k ckYVh dks HkjsA vkids fopkj ls fdl fodYi ls ty vfèkd Å".k
jgsxk \ Li"V dhft,A
Ans. The first one
dq
Sol. µ DT
dt
2. Two spheres of same radius R have their densities in the ratio 8 : 1 and the ratio of their specific heats are
1 : 4. If by radiation their rates of fall of temperature are same, then find the ratio of their rates of losing
heat.
leku f=T;k R okys nks xksyksa ds ?kuRoksa dk vuqikr 8 : 1 gS rFkk mudh fof'k"V Å"ekvksa dk vuqikr 1 : 4 gAS ;fn
fofdj.k }kjk muds rki ds iru dh nj leku gS rks mudh Å"ek gkfu dh njksa dk vuqikr Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2:1
dQ dT
Sol.
dt
( )
= esA T 4 - TS4 = ms
dt

æ dQ ö
ç ÷
è dt ø1 = ( r1V ) S1 = r1S1 = 8 ´ 1 = 2
æ dQ ö ( r2V ) S2 r2S2 1 4
ç dt ÷
è ø2

dT
as = same
dt
3. A copper calorimeter of mass 100 gm contains 200 gm of a mixture of ice and water. Steam at 100°C
under normal pressure is passed into the calorimeter and the temperature of the mixture is allowed to rise
to 50°C. If the mass of the calorimeter and its contents is now 330 gm, what was the ratio of ice and
water in the beginning? Neglect heat losses.
Given : Specific heat capacity of copper = 0.42 × 103 J kg–1K–1,
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 × 103 J kg–1K–1,
Specific heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 × 105 J kg–1
Latent heat of condensation of steam = 22.5 × 105 Jkg–1

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100 gm nzO;eku ds ,d rkacs ds dy

S ksjhehVj esa cQZ rFkk ikuh dk 200 gm feJ.k Hkjk gAS lkekU; nkc ds vUrxZr
100°C rkieku okyh Hkki dks dSyksjhehVj esa izokfgr djrs gaS rFkk feJ.k dk rki 50°C rd c<+krs gaSA ;fn dy
S ksjhehVj
rFkk blds vo;oksa dk nzO;eku vc 330 gm gks rks izkjEHk esa cQZ rFkk ikuh dk vuqikr D;k Fkk\ Å"ek gkfu;ksa dks ux.;
ekusaA
fn;k gS : rkacs dh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk = 0.42 × 103 J kg–1K–1,
ikuh dh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk = 4.2 × 103 J kg–1K–1,
cQZ ds laxyu dh fof'k"V Å"ek = 3.36 × 105 J kg–1
Hkki ds la?kuu dh xqIr Å"ek = 22.5 × 105 Jkg–1
Ans. 1 : 1.26
Sol. Let ice = x gm
water = (200 – x)gm
Heat last = Heat gain
30 30 200 100 x
1000
( )
22.5 ´ 10 5 +
1000
´ 50 ´ 4200 =
1000
´ 50 ´ 4200 +
1000
´ 50 ´ 420 +
1000
´ 3.36 ´ 10 5 ( )
4. A steel drill making 180 rpm is used to drill a hole in a block of steel. The mass of the steel block and the
drill is 180 gm. If the entire mechanical work is used up in producing heat and the rate of raise in
temperature of the block and the drill is 0.5 °C/s. Find
(a) the rate of working of the drill in watts, and (b) the torque required to drive the drill.
Specific heat of steel = 0.1 and J = 4.2 J/cal. Use : P = t w
,d LVhy fMªfyax e'khu] LVhy ds CykWd esa Nsn djus ds fy;s 180 pDdj izfr fefuV yxkrh gAS LVhy ds CykWd rFkk
fMªy dk nzO;eku 180 gm gAS ;fn bl lEiw.kZ ;kaf=d dk;Z ds QyLo:i mRiUu Å"ek esa o`f¼ gksrh gks rFkk CykWd o fMªy
ds rki esa o`f¼ dh nj 0.5 °C/s gS rks] Kkr dhft,
(a) fMªy e'khu ds dk;Z djus dh nj (okWV esa) (b) fMªy e'khu dks pykus ds fy;s vko';d cyk?kw.kZ
(LVhy dh fof'k"V Å"ek = 0.1 rFkk J = 4.2 J/cal gS rFkk P = t w iz;ksx djsa)
Ans. (a) 37.8 J/s (Watts), (b) 2.005 N-m
dT
Sol. (a) P = ms = 180 × 0.1 × 4.2 × 0.5 = 37.8 J/s
dt
(b) 1 min ® 180 revolutions
1 sec ® 3 revolution
w = 2p(3) = 6p rad/sec
t = P/w
5. A lagged stick of cross section area 1 cm2 and length 1 m is initially at a temperature of 0°C. It is then
kept between 2 reservoirs of temperature 100°C and 0°C. Specific heat capacity is 10 J/kg°C and linear
mass density is 2 kg/m. Find

(a) temperature gradient along the rod in steady state.

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(b) total heat absorbed by the rod to reach steady state.

1 cm2 vuqizLFk dkV {ks=Qy rFkk 1m yEch ,d NM+ izkjEHk esa 0°C rki ij gAS bls 100°C rFkk 0 °C rki okys nks ik=ksa
ds eè; j[kk x;k gSA fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk 10 J/kg°C rFkk js[kh; nzO;eku ?kuRo 2kg/m gAS Kkr dhft,A

(i) LFkk;h voLFkk esa NM+ ds vuqfn'k rki izo.krk

(ii) LFkk;h voLFkk rd igqapus ds fy;s NM+ }kjk vo'kksf"kr dqy Å"ek
Ans. (a) – 100°C (b) 1000 J

(T2 - T1 ) = ( 0 - 100 ) = -100°C / m

Sol. (i) Temperature gradient =
1 1
(ii) Steady state temp of element dx is = T = 100 (1 – x)
Heat absorbed by the element to reach steady state is dQ
dQ = (dm)sDT = (ldx)s(T – 0)
Þ dQ = 20[100 (1 – x)]dx
Total heat absorbed by the red
1
Q= ò dQ = 2000ò (1 - x ) dx = 1000 J
0

6. Hot oil is circulated through an insulated container with a wooden lid at the top whose conductivity K
= 0.149 J/(m-°C-sec), thickness t = 5 mm, emissivity = 0.6. Temperature of the top of the lid in steady
state is at Tl = 127°. If the ambient temperature Ta = 27°C. Calculate [JEE' 2003]
(a) rate of heat loss per unit area due to radiation from the lid.
17
(b) temperature of the oil. (Given s = ´10 -8 )
3
,d Å"ekjks/kh csyukdkj ik= ds 'kh"kZ dks ,d pdrh }kjk <dk x;k gSA pdrh dh mRltZdrk 0.6 ,oa pkydrk
K = 0.149 J/(m-°C-sec) rFkk eksVkbZ t = 5 mm gAS rki dks fp=kuqlkj mlesa izokfgr rsy }kjk fu;r j[kk tkrk gS rks ;fn
LFkk;h voLFkk esa pdrh ds Åijh lrg dk rki Tl = 127°C ,oa okrkoj.k dk rki 27°C gAS (a) okrkoj.k esa fofdj.k
gkfu dh x.kuk twy@eh2ls¥ esa Kkr dhft;s] (b) izokfgr rsy dk dk rki Hkh Kkr dhft,A laogu ds dkj.k Å"ek gkfu dks
17
ux.; ekurs gAS (fn;k gS : s = ´10 -8 ]
3

Ans. (a) 595 watt/m2; (b) T0 » 420 K

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17
´ 10 -8 é( 400 ) - ( 300 ) ù = 595 w/m2
4 4
Sol. (a) E = es(T4 – T40) = 0.6 ´ ë û
3

kA ( Toil - T )
(b) = 595 ´ A
l

GR # 04_Calorimetry & Heat Transfer ANSWER KEY

SECTION-I
Single Correct Answer Type 9 Q. [3 M (–1)]
1. Ans. (A) 2. Ans. (A) 3. Ans. (A) 4. Ans. (B) 5. Ans. (B) 6. Ans. (C)
7. Ans. (A) 8. Ans. (C) 9. Ans. (B)
Multiple Correct Answer Type 6 Q. [4 M (–1)]
10. Ans. (A,C) 11. Ans. (A,B) 12. Ans. (B,C,D)13. Ans. (A,B,C) 14. Ans. (C,D) 15. Ans. (B,C)
SECTION-II
Numerical Answer Type Question 2Q.[3M(0)]
(upto second decimal place)
1. Ans. 166.3 sec 2. Ans. 105.00
SECTION-III
Numerical Grid Type (Ranging from 0 to 9) 1 Q. [4 M (0)]
1. Ans. 5
SECTION-IV
Matrix Match Type (4 × 5) 1 Q. [8 M (for each entry +2(0)]
1. Ans. A - Q,S; B - P; C - S; D - P
Subjective Type 6Q. [4 M (0)]
1. Ans. The first one 2. Ans. 2:1 3. Ans. 1 : 1.26 4. Ans. (a) 37.8 J/s (Watts), (b) 2.005 N-m
5. Ans. (a) – 100°C (b) 1000 J 6. Ans. (a) 595 watt/m2; (b) T0 » 420 K

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