3.

6 COOLING BY
EVAPORATION
In this topic you will understand:
How evaporation causes cooling.
 EVAPORATION

Evaporation is a process of changing the state from liquid to gas.

At room temperature, the water particles are moving around in random
directions. Some of the particles move faster than others. The speed of the
particles is random which is unpredictable.

The particles in the water that are moving faster have more energy. Some
of the particles have enough energy to escape from the surface of the
liquid and become particles of gas. Some of the liquid particles are pulled
back into the liquid, but others have sufficient energy to leave and not get
pulled back into the liquid.
 EVAPORATION AND COOLING

Temperature is a measure of the average energy of particles.

When the particles having the highest energy escape from the water,
causing average energy of particles to decrease which remains. Therefore,
the temperature of the water will decrease, so evaporation causes cooling.
The water cooler is made from porous clay. The word “ porous “ means that
water can slowly soak through the clay. Some water soaks through the clay
to the outside when filled with water. This water evaporates into the
surrounding air, cooling the water inside the water cooler.
Look at this picture, this picture shows
some ancient water coolers. Which uses
evaporation to cool down the water.
 EVAPORATION AND COOLING

Different liquids have different forces holding the particles together.

Some liquids have forces between particles that are weaker than those in
water and some are stronger.
Perfumes have weaker forces between the particles. Perfumes are
designed to evaporate quickly and easily so you can smell them.
If you put the same volume of perfume and water at the same
temperature on your skin, the perfume will feel colder because the
perfume evaporates faster than water, so removes the thermal energy
faster. Look at this picture, this picture shows a
perfume being sprayed, which also uses
evaporation for cooling.