Mathematics Class XII-Most Important 100 Questions

1) A relation R in 𝑆 = {1, 2, 3} is defined as 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. Which element(s) of relation
R be removed to make R an equivalence relation? Ans: (1, 2 )
2) Let R be the equivalence relation in the set Z of integers given by R = {(a, b): 2 divides a – b}. Write the
equivalence class [0]. Ans: 0, 2, 4, 6, − − −

3) Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and define a relation R on A as follows: R = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1),
(2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 3)}. Is R reflexive? symmetric? transitive? Ans: Reflexive & Symmetric
4) Show that the fractional part function f : R → R , given by f ( x) = x −  x is neither one-one nor onto.

x−2
5) Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f : A → B defined by f ( x ) = . Show that
x −3
‘f’ is one-one and onto.
7  3 3x + 4
6) If: f : R −   → R −   be defined as f ( x ) = . Show that ‘f’ is one-one and onto.
5 5 5x − 7
7) Let A = {1, 2, 3,…9} and R be the relation in A ×A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b + c for
(a, b), (c, d) in A ×A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalence class
[(2, 5)]. Ans: (1, 4) , ( 2,5) , (3,6) , ( 4,7 ) , (5,8) , (6,9 )

8) Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let R be the relation on N ×N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if
a d = bc for (a, b), (c, d) in N ×N. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalence
class [(2, 6)]. Ans: (1,3) , ( 2,6) , (3,9) , ( 4,12) ,.....

4 
9) If tan −1 x + tan −1 y = , then find the value of cot −1 x + cot −1 y. Ans:
5 5
  43   
10) Evaluate: sin −1 cos   Ans: −
  5  10

  1 
11) Evaluate: sin  − sin −1  −   . Ans: 1
3  2 

−1  7  5
12) Write the principal value of cos  cos . Ans:
 6  6

−1  1  −1  1 2
13) Find the principal value of cos   − 2sin  −  . Ans:
2  2 3

  3  
14) Write the value of tan −1  2sin  2cos −1  .
  2   Ans: 3

1
15) If 4sin −1 x + cos −1 x =  , then find the value of x. Ans: x=
2
16) If A is a square matrix such that A2= I, where I is the identity matrix then ( A − I )3 + ( A + I )3 =
a) 7 A b) A c) 8A d) I

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17) If AB = BA = 3I , then 9B −1 =
1 1
a) 3I b) I c) 3 A d) A
3 3
 1 0
18) If A =  1  then the value of A75 is:
 1
 25 

1 3 1 0  1 0 1 1
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 0 1 1 3  3 1   0 1
19) If A & B are skew symmetric matrices of the same order, prove that AB+BA is a symmetric matrix.

 a b −c 
20) If A =  1 d − f  is a skew symmetric matrix, find a, b, c, d, e and f.
 
 4 2 −e 
 a b   f c
Hence, evaluate the product:    .
d f   d e
0 2 y z 
21) For what value of x, y, z, A=  x y − z  satisfies A ' = A−1.
 
 x − y z 
1 1 1
Ans: x =  , y= ,z=
2 6 3
 1 0
22) If A =   , find k such that A − 8 A + kI = O .
2
Ans: k=7
 −1 7 
10 0 
23) For any 2  2 matrix A, if A ( adj A) =   , then A = …..
 0 10
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 100
1 2 −1
24) If A = 0 2 3  , then the vlaue of a11 A21 + a12 A22 + a13 A23 ,
 
0 0 4 
( where Aij is the cofactor of the element aij )
a) 8 b) −8 c) 0 d) 1
25) If A and B are square matrices of order 3 and A = 5, B = 3, then find the value of 3 AB . Ans: 405
26) If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 and A = 5, write the value of adjA . Ans: 25

27) If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 and adjA = 25 , then find the value of A . Ans:  5

1 −1 0   2 2 −4 
28) If A = 2 3 4 and B =  −4 2 −4  , find AB. Use this to solve the following system of
 
   
0 1 2  2 −1 5 
equations: x − y = 3 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 17 y + 2 z = 7. Ans: x = 2, y = −1, z = 4

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  −4 4 4  1 −1 1 
29) If A = −7 1 3 and B = 1 −2 −2  , find AB. Use this to solve the following system of
 
   
 5 −3 −1  2 1 3 
equations: x − y + z = 4 x − 2 y − 2z = 9 2 x + y + 3z = 1. Ans: x = 3, y= -2, z = − 1
2 3 1
30) If A =  1 2 2  ’ find A-1 and hence, solve the system of equations:
 
 −3 1 −1
2 x + y − 3z = 13 3x + 2 y + z = 4 x + 2 y − z = 8. Ans: x = 1, y = 2, z = -3
1 −1 1 
31) If A =  2 1 −3 ’ find A-1 and hence, solve the system of equations:
 
1 1 1 
9 2 7
x + 2y + z = 4 −x+ y+z =0 x − 3y + z = 2 Ans: x = , y = , z =
5 5 5
 ( x + 3) 2 − 36
 , x3
32) f ( x) =  x −3 continuous at x = 3. Find k
 x=3
 k,
Ans: k=12
 k cos x 
  − 2 x , if x  2 
f ( x) =  continuous at x = . Find k Ans: k=6
33)  3,  2
if x =
 2
dy cos x
34) If y = sin x + sin x + sin x + ....to  , prove that =
dx 2 y − 1

dy 1− y2
35) If 1 − x + 1 − y = a(x − y), x  1, y  1, show that
2 2
= .
dx 1 − x2

( ) d2y
n
dy
36) If y = x + 1 + x 2 , then show that (1 + x 2 ) 2
+ x = n 2 y.
dx dx
 cos x 
37) Differentiate (cos x) x + x cos x w.r.t x. Ans: (cos x) x log cos x − x tan x + x co s x  − sin x.log x 
 x 
 1 + x 2 − 1 
tan −1   dy 1  1 
=  
38) Differentiate wrt x : 
 x  Ans: dx 2  1 + x 2 

( )
39) If y = log x + x 2 + a 2 , prove that (x 2 + a 2 ) y 2 + xy1 = 0.

 1 + sin x + 1 − sin x  1 −1
y = tan −1   or
40) Differentiate wrt x:  1 + sin x1 1 − sin x  Ans: 2 2

dy dy log sin y + y tan x

( cos x ) = ( sin y ) =
y x

41) If find dx Ans: dx log cos x − x cot y

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   t  d2y − cos ec 2t sec t
42) If x = a sin t , y = a cos t + log  tan   , find . Ans:
  2  dx 2 a

dy 
43) x = a ( − sin  ) and, y = a (1 + cos ) at  =
find Ans: − 3
dx 3
44) The surface area of a spherical ballon is increasing at the rate of 2cm2/s. When the radius of the bubble is
6 cm, at what rate is the volume of the bubble is increasing? Ans: 6cm3/sec
45) The radius of a cylinder is increasing at the rate of 2cm/sec and its altitude is decreasing at the rate of
33 cm3 / sec
3cm/sec. find the rate of change of volume when radius is 3 cm and altitude 5 cm. Ans:
46) Find the interval in which the function
f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 9 x2 + 12 x + 15 (−,1]  [2, ) 1, 2
a) is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing Ans: (i) (ii)
f ( x ) : x3 −12x2 + 36x + 17 (−, 2]  [6, ) 2,6
b) is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing Ans: (i) (ii)
2x
f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) − (−1, 0]  [0, )
c) 2+ x is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing Ans: (i)
47) Find the interval(s) in which the function given by
f ( x ) = sin x + cos x, 0  x  2
a) is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing
    5    5 
0, 4    4 , 2   , 
Ans: (i) (ii)  4 4 
f ( x ) = sin x − cos x, 0  x  2
b) is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing
 3   7   3 7 
 0, 4    4 , 2   , 
Ans: (i) (ii)  4 4 
48) Show that a cylinder of a given volume which is open at the top, has minimum total surface area,
provided its height is equal to the radius of its base.
49) Show that the height of the closed cylinder of given surface and maximum volume is equal to the
diameter of its base.
50) Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius ‘a’
2a
is 3.

51) Evaluate

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 1  x2 −1 
tan −1  +C
x2 + 1  2x 
 x4 + 1 dx
i. 2
Ans:
x2 −1 1 x2 − 2 x + 1
ii.  x4 + 1 dx Ans: 2 2
log
x2 + 2 x + 1
+C

x2 1  x2 −1  1 x2 − x 2 + 1
iii.  x4 + 1 dx Ans: 2 2
tan −1   +
 x 2  4 2
log
x2 + x 2 + 1
+C

1 1  x2 −1  1 x2 − 2 x + 1
 x 4 + 1 dx
−1
iv. tan  − log 2 +C
Ans: 2 2  2x  4 2 x + 2x +1

x2 + 1 1 −1  x 2 − 1 
v.  x 4 + 7 x 2 + 1 dx Ans: 3
tan 
 3x 
+C

1 1  tan 2 x − 1 
vi.  sin 4 x + cos 4 x dx Ans: 2
tan −1 
 2 tan x 
+C

1  cot x − 1  1  cot x − 2cot x + 1 

vii.  cot xdx
Ans:
−
2
tan −1  − ln  +c
 2cot x  2 2  cot x + 2cot x + 1 
1  tan x − 1  1 tan x − 2 tan x + 1
viii.  tan xdx
Ans: 2
tan −1  +
 2 tan x  2 2
log
tan x + 2 tan x + 1
+c

52) Evaluate

 e ( cot x + log sin x ) dx e x log sin x + C

x
i.
Ans:
x
 1 +C
1 
ii.   log x ( log x )2  dx
 −
Ans:
log x
 
x
+C
log x 1 + log x
iii.  (1 + log x ) 2
dx
Ans:
x sin(log x) + C
iv.  ( sin ( log x ) + cos ( log x ) ) dx Ans:

53) Evaluate

1 sin 5 x 
i.  sin 3x sin 2 xdx Ans:
sin x −
2 5 
+c

1  sin 6 x sin 2 x 
ii.  cos 2 x cos 4 xdx Ans:

2 6
+
2 
+c

54) Evaluate  sin −1 x dx Ans: x sin −1 x + 1 − x2 + c

x2
tan −1 x − ( x − tan −1 x ) + c
1
55) Evaluate  x tan −1 x dx Ans:
2 2
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  x2   x2 
56) Evaluate  ( x + 1) log x dx Ans:  x +  log x −  x + +c
 2  4

57) Evaluate:
2x −1 1 1 1
a)  ( x − 1)( x + 2)( x − 3)dx Ans: − log x − 1 − log x + 2 + log x − 3 + c
6 3 2
2x
b)  (x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 2 )
dx Ans: log x 2 + 1 − log x 2 + 2 + c

cos x 1 1
c)  ( 2 + sin x )(3 + 4sin x )dx Ans: − log 2 + sin x + log 3 + 4sin x + c
5 5
3x − 2 11 5 11
d)  ( x + 1) ( x + 3)dx
2
Ans:
4
log x + 1 + − log x + 3 + c
2 ( x + 1) 4
58) Evaluate:
2
x 1
a) 
1 3− x + x
dx Ans:
2

3
1 
b) 
 1+ cot x
dx Ans:
12
6

59) Evaluate:

2
a)  log tan xdx
0
Ans: 0


4

b)  log (1 + tan x ) dx
0
Ans:
8
log 2

3x 2
60) Find the area of the region included between the parabola y = and the line 3x − 2 y + 12 = 0 . Ans:27
4
9
61) Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x 2 = 4 y and the line x = 4 y − 2 . Ans:
8
62) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are

( −1, 2) , (1,5) and (3, 4 )

Ans: 14

63) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are

( −2,1) , ( 0, 4) and ( 2,3)

Ans: 4

64) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines y = 4 x + 5 , y = 5 − x and 4 y = x + 5
Ans: 15/2
65) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines x + 2 y = 2 , y − x = 1 and 2 x + y = 7
Ans: 6
dy
66) Integrating factor of the differential equation + y tan x − sec x = 0 is :
dx
a) cos x b) secx c) e cos x d) esec x

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 dy
67) The integrating factor of the differential equation x − y = 2 x 2 is
dx
1
a) e − x b) e − y c) d) x
x
3
 d 4 y    dy  
22

68) Obtain the order and degree (if defined) of following differential equation:  4  =  x +    .
 dx    dx  
4
 dy  d2y
69) Obtain the order and degree (if defined) of following differential equation   + 3 2 = 0 .
 dx  dx
2
 d 2 y   dy 
2
 dy 
70) Obtain the order and degree (if defined) of following differential equation:  2  +   = x sin  
 dx   dx   dx 
x x

71) Solve the differential equation: 2 ye dx + ( y − 2 xe )dy = 0 , given that y = 1 when x = 0

y y

Ans: 2e + log y = 2
y

 y
72) Solve the differential equation: ( x + 2 y )dy + (2 x − y )dx = 0 Ans: tan −1   = − log ( x 2 + y 2 ) c
x
dy
73) Solve the differential equation: cos 2 x + y = tan x Ans: y = ( tan x − 1) + ce− tan x
dx
74) Solve the differential equation: ( cot −1 y + x ) dy = (1 + y 2 ) dx
−1
Ans: x = 1 − cot −1 y + cetan y

2 2
75) If a  b + a.b = 400 and a = 5 , then find the value of b Ans 4

76) If the sum of two-unit vectors is a unit vector, prove that the magnitude of their difference is 3 .

77) Find  when the scalar projection of a = iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ on b = 2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ is 4 units. Ans:  = 5

r r r r r r r 
78) If a + b + c = 0 r r a b
and a = 3, b = 5 and c = 7 , then find the angle between and . Ans:
3

79) If a , b , c are position vectors of vertices A,B,C of a triangle ABC, show that area of triangle is
1
ab + bc + c a .
2
80) If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + b is also a unit vector, then find the angle between a and b .
2
Ans:
3
81) Find a vector of magnitude 171 which is perpendicular to both the vector
a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ is 4 units. Ans: (
 iˆ − 11 ˆj − 7kˆ )
x + 2 y +1 z − 3
82) Find point(s) on the line = = which are at a distance of 3 2 from the point (1, 2, 3).
3 2 2

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  56 43 111 
Ans:  , , 
 17 17 17 
x y −1 z − 2
83) Find the foot of the perpendicular & the image from the point (1, 6, 3) to the line = = .
1 2 3
Ans: (1, 3, 5)
x − 2 2y −5
84) If the equation of a line is = , z = −1 , then find the direction ratios of the line and a point on
2 −3
 5 
the line. Ans: Dr : ( 4, −3,0 ) ; Pt.  2, , −1
 2 
x 2y − 4 z + 3 x −2 6− y z −3
85) Show that the lines = = and = = are coplanar. Find their point of
1 4 3 2 −3 4
intersection. Ans: (2,6,3)
86) Find the vector equation of a line passing through the point (2,3,2) and parallel to the line

( ) ( )
r = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj +  2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ . Also find the distance between these lines. Ans:
2 145
7
87) Find the shortest distance between the lines:
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x −2 y −3 z −5 1
a) = = and = = Ans:
2 3 4 3 4 5 6
x −3 y −5 z −7 x +1 y +1 z +1
b) = = and = = Ans: 2 29
1 −2 1 7 −6 1
88) Solve the following LPP by graphical method:
Maximize Z = 20 x + 10 y
Subject to Ans: At(40,0) Value 800
x + 2 y  40, 3x + y  30, 4 x + 3 y  60, x, y  0
89) Solve the following LPP by graphical method:
Minimize Z = 3x + 5 y
8 1 29
Subject to Ans: At  ,  Value
3 3 3
−2 x + y  4, x + y  3, x − 2 y  2, x, y  0
7 9 4
P(E) = , P(F ) = and P ( E  F ) =
90) If 13 13 13 , then evaluate

(i) P ( E '/ F ) (ii) P ( E / F ') (iii) P ( E '/ F ')

5 3 1
(i) (ii) (iii)
Ans 9 4 4

91) If P ( A) = 0.2, P ( B ) = p and P ( A  B) = 0.12 , find the value of p given that A and B are independent.

2
Ans:
5

92) In an examination, an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the answer of multiple choice questions
1
with four choices. The probability that he makes a guess is and probability that he copies the answer is
3

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 1 1
. The probability that this answer is correct, given that he copied it, is . Find the probability the he
6 8
24
knew the answer to the question, given that he correctly answered it. Ans:
29
93) A letter is known to have come either from TATANAGAR or from CALCUTTA. On the envelope, just
two consecutive letters TA are visible. What is the probability that the letter came from TATA NAGAR.
7
Ans:
11
94) A letter is known to have come either from LONDON or CLIFTON. On the envelope just 2 consecutive
letters ON are visible. What is the probability that the letters come from (i) LONDON (ii) CLIFTON
12 5
Ans: ,
17 17
95) Given two independents events A and B such that P ( A) = 0.3 and P ( B ) = 0.6 . Find
a) P ( A  B ) Ans: 0.18
b) P ( A  B ) Ans: 0.12

c) P ( A  B ) Ans: 0.42

d) P ( A  B ) Ans: 0.28
e) P ( A  B ) Ans: 0.72
f) P ( A / B) Ans: 0.3
96) A company has two plants to manufacture scooters. Plant I manufactures 70% of the scooters and plant
II manufactures 30%.At plant I, 80% of the scooters are rated as of standard quality and at plant II, 90%
of the scooters are rated as of standard quality. A scooter is chosen at random and is found to be of
standard quality. What is the probability that it has come from plant II. Ans: 27/83
97) Three urns contain 6 red, 4 black; 4 red, 6 black and 5 red,5 black balls respectively. One of the urns is
selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is red, find the probability that it is
drawn from the first urn. Ans: 2/5
98) A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn and
are found to be hearts. Find the probability of the missing card to be a heart. Ans: 11/50
99) Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is transferred
from bag I to bag II and then a ball is drawn from bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in color.
Find the probability that the transferred ball is black. Ans: 16/31

100) Two cards are drawn successively from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability
distribution of the number of kings if

X 0 1 2

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a) Cards are drawn with P(X) 144/169 24/169 1/169
Replacement

b) Cards are drawn

X 0 1 2
Without replacement
P(X) 188/221 32/221 1/221

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