MENSURATION-I

1
2-D FIGURE (PLANE FIGURE)

2
 AREA (2-D OR PLANE FIGURES)
Plane : Plane is two dimensional i.e. these two
dimensions are known as length and breadth. These
occupy surface.
e.g. Triangle, quadrilateral & Circle etc.

3
 TRIANGLE
Scalene :

a, b and c are three sides of triangle

and s is the semi perimeter . a c
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
S=
2
, b is the base and h is the h
altitude of triangle.
1
Area : (i) × 𝑏 × ℎ
2 b
𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
(ii)
( Hero’s formula)
Perimeter : a+b+c = 2s
 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

a → side,
h → height or altitude, a a
h= a
h

Area : (i) (ii) a2 a

Perimeter : 3a
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLE

a → equal sides
b → base a a
h = height of altitude h
h=
1
b
Area : (i) 2 × 𝑏 × ℎ
1
(ii) × 𝑏 × 4𝑎2 − 𝑏2
4
Perimeter : 2a + b
 RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

b = base
p = altitude/height
h = hypotenuse p h
ℎ 2 = 𝑝2 +𝑏2 (Pythagoras theorem)
1
Area : 2 × 𝑃 × 𝑏
Perimeter : b + h + p b
ISOSCELES RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

a = equal sides
h = hypotenuse
h=a 2 a h
1
Area : 2 𝑎2
Perimeter : 2a+ h
a
 QUADRILATERAL
C
D
AC is the diagonal and h1, h2 are the h
altitudes on AC from the vertices D and 1
B respectively h
2
Area :
Perimeter : AB+BC+CD+AD A B
 SQUARE

a → side a
d → diagonal
Diagonal : a 2
Area : (i) a × a = a2 a d a
𝑑2
(ii)
2
Perimeter : a + a + a + a = 4a
a

10
CIRCUMCIRLE & INCIRCLE OF A SQUARE

11
 RECTANGLE

l = length
b = breadth d
d = diagonal b
Area : 𝑙 × 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑏
Perimeter : 2l + 2b = 2(l +b) l
Diagonal : 𝑙2 + 𝑏2
 INNER PATHWAY

l
Area : (l + b – 2w )2w
Perimeter : 2(l + b)(outer) w
2(l +b - 4w)(inner) b
 OUTER PATHWAY

Area : (l + b +2w )2w l

Perimeter : 2(l +b +4w)(outer) w
b
: 2( l + b )(inner)
 PATHWAY

Pathways running across l

the middle of a rectangle:
b w
Area: (l + b – w )× w
 RHOMBUS
D a C
a → each equal side of rhombus
d1 and d2 are the diagonals
a a
d1 → BD d2
d2 → AC
1 A a B
Area : × d1× d2
2
Perimeter : 4a
 PARALLELOGRAM

a and b are sides adjacent to a

each other.
b h
h → distance between the b
parallel sides
a
Area : a × h
Perimeter : 2 (a + b)
 TRAPEZIUM
D b C

a and b are parallel sides to each other

and h is the perpendicular distance h
between parallel sides.
A
Area : ×h a B

Perimeter : AB+BC+CD+AD

OA × OD = OB × OC
 CIRCLE

r → radius of the circle

Area : pr2 r
Perimeter : 2pr (called as circumference)
22
𝜋 = = 3.1416
7
(approx.)
 SEMICIRCLE

r r
r → radius of the circle
1 2
Area : pr2
Perimeter : pr+2r
 QUADRANT

r → radius
1
Area : 4pr2
r
1
Perimeter : 2pr+2r
r
RING OR CIRCULAR PATH (SHADED REGION)

R → outer radius
r → inner radius
R
Area : p (R2-r2)
Perimeter : (outer)→ 2pR r
(inner)→ 2pr
 SECTOR OF A CIRCLE
O → centre of the circle
r → radius
l → length of the arc O
θ → angle of the sector θ
Ɵ r r
l = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝟎
𝟑𝟔𝟎
A B
Area : (i) 𝒍

𝟏
(ii) 𝟐
𝒓×𝒍

Perimeter : l + 2r
 SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE

 → angle of the sector

r→ radius O
r
AB→ Chord 

ACB → arc of the circle A B

C
Area : Area of segment ACB (minor segment)

Perimeter:
 POLYGON (REGULAR HEXAGON)
a
a → each of the equal side a a
Area : a2
Perimeter : 6a a a
a
 POLYGON (REGULAR OCTAGON)

a a
a → each of the equal side a a
Area : 2a2 (1+ 2)
Perimeter : 8a a a
a a
 Polygon
A simple closed curve made up of straight lines is said to be a polygon.
A polygon whose all interior angles of same measure is known as
regular polygon.

➢ Sum of all the internal angles of a n-sided polygon is (n – 2) × 180o.

➢ Sum of all the exterior angles of a n-sided polygon is 360o.

➢ Number of diagonals in n-sided polygon = n( n – 3)2

➢ Each interior angle of n-sided regular polygon = ( n – 2 ) ×180 /n
➢
o
Each exterior angle of n-sided regular polygon = 360
n
➢ Sum of interior and exterior angle is 180o.