Area Middle Ages

Education in Middle ages was only available for the rich and powerful, since there was no public
This led to the meaning that peasants and women were often denied access to education. Due to t
Education infrastructure and the incline in instability in Europe, any institution not inherently associated wit
up by and operated by the Church. Making a living was difficult during dark ages because many
education as a priority, which caused the shortage of education during that time.

Vocal Vocal music in Middle Ages was predominantly sacred and performed as part of religious service
music Gregorian chant was the most important and significant form of vocal music. It was monophonic
music without any other accompaniment. Later, it was further developed into somewhat like a po
was termed as organum. It was an addition of one or more vocal accompaniment to the existing c
accompanied vocal music, also emerged later during medieval period. There were no wide leaps
differences. Also, vocal music during that period was non-metrical which means there are no clea
and thus the rhythm is freely flowing. Moreover, vocal music was orally passed down from one g
Art  Religious and symbolic themes predominated in medieval art.
 Perspective, proportion, and light were all lacking in medieval art.
 Flat coloration and gold were popular in Medieval painting.
 The figures in medieval painting were stiff and lifeless.
 Area Middle Ages Renaissa
Education was regarded a
Education in Middle ages was only available for
virtue and intelligence thro
the rich and powerful, since there was no public
Renaissance, and it was no
education system. This led to the meaning that
wealthy. The humanist mo
peasants and women were often denied access to
began in 14th-century Italy
education. Due to the decline of infrastructure and
part in the development of
Education the incline in instability in Europe, any institution
the Renaissance. Humanis
not inherently associated with politics was picked
education should be found
up by and operated by the Church. Making a living
and should be accessible to
was difficult during dark ages because many did
the wealthy. The humanist
not contemplated education as a priority, which
contributed to the widespr
caused the shortage of education during that time.
the value of education thro
Vocal music in Middle Ages was predominantly Vocal Music in Renaissan
sacred and performed as part of religious services. medieval music but with a
Architecture
Plainchant or Gregorian chant was the most Middle ages, secular music
important and significant form of vocal music. It out and music became mor
was monophonic which is a one-line music type which mean that there
without any other accompaniment. Later, it was eight vocal accompanimen
further developed into somewhat like a polyphony Contrary to medieval voca
music which was termed as organum. It was an renaissance, music became
Vocal music addition of one or more vocal accompaniment to and emotional, there were
the existing chat. Secular music, accompanied musical notations and sinc
vocal music, also emerged later during medieval was invented during that ti
period. There were no wide leaps and dynamic education became more ac
differences. Also, vocal music during that period standard. What’s more, co
was non-metrical which means there are no clear also well-preserved in Ren
instruction of meter and thus the rhythm is freely like music system in Midd
flowing. Moreover, vocal music was orally passed
down from one generation to the next.
  Religious and symbolic themes  The art of the Rena
predominated in medieval art. secular and realisti
 Perspective, proportion, and light were all  Perspective, propor
lacking in medieval art. used in Renaissanc
 Flat coloration and gold were popular in depth and realism.
Art Medieval painting.  Oil paints and chia
 The figures in medieval painting were stiff utilized in Renaissa
and lifeless. create contrast and
 Renaissance painti
people in actual set
movement and exp
Architecture
Exercise 3.
Name Family Characteristics
The cornett produces music by vibrating the lips again
it was one of the most popular wind instruments from
leather-covered conical hardwood pipe, with finger ho
or ivory mouthpiece. The cornetto has been described a
and soft as a recorder. It combines elements of the tr
The cornett, like the trumpet, has a mouthpiece or cu
instrument is sounded using the player's lips. It, lik
Cornett Wind Instrument
finger holes and sometimes keys to regulate pitch; pit
also be adjusted by the tension of the player's lips. The
varieties: straight and curved. It was also made in a ra
from highest cornettino to alto cornett, cornone ten
cornett. The curved cornett, also known as treble corn
the most popular.

It is an early form trombone. It is played by buzz

mouthpiece and by using the slide of the instrument to
of chromatic notes. The sackbut is an intriguing mus
several distinguishing features:
Telescopic Slide Mechanism: The sackbut, like the mo
telescopic slide mechanism to adjust pitch by varying th
Smaller Bore: The sackbut has a smaller, more cylind
Sackbut Brass Instrument
bore than modern trombones.
Less-Flared Bell: A sackbut bell that is less flar
counterparts.
Sackbuts were constructed in a variety of sizes, inclu
bass. Because of its length, the bass sackbut frequen
assist the player in reaching the distant positions on the

Lute Stringed Instrument Lute was undoubtedly the most popular instrument
period. It has a pear-shaped body with long neck with
which enable a tuning mechanism for the player to b
loosen the tension of the strings for a specific tune. T
strummed with one hand while the other "frets" (press
on the fingerboard of the neck. The musician can prod
 pitches (notes) by pressing the strings on different part
During Renaissance, lute was considered as “perfect” i
could play not only just one line but also all parts of a c
The shawm was a flexible instrument used during the
for both ceremonial music and outdoor festivals. It
which contributed to its loud and penetrating sound. I
similar to that of modern oboes and bassoons1. A w
pirouette was placed where the player's lips met the ree
Woodwind
Shawm for the lips and embouchure. The design of the instrume
Instrument
bell, provided for a piercing sound that was ideal for ou
Shawms were created in various sizes and had at leas
the range of notes beginning in the 16th century. La
fontanelle, which was a cover for the key mechanism th
and concealed their asymmetry.
 Exercise 3.
Name Family Characteristics
The cornett produces music by vibrating the lips against a cup mouthpiece;
it was one of the most popular wind instruments from 1500 to 1670. It's a
leather-covered conical hardwood pipe, with finger holes and a small horn
or ivory mouthpiece. The cornetto has been described as "loud as a trumpet
and soft as a recorder. It combines elements of the trumpet and the flute.
The cornett, like the trumpet, has a mouthpiece or cup through which the
instrument is sounded using the player's lips. It, like the flute, features
Cornett Wind Instrument
finger holes and sometimes keys to regulate pitch; pitch on low notes can
also be adjusted by the tension of the player's lips. The cornett came in two
varieties: straight and curved. It was also made in a range of sizes, ranging
from highest cornettino to alto cornett, cornone tenor cornett, and bass
cornett. The curved cornett, also known as treble cornett or alto cornett, is
the most popular.

It is an early form trombone. It is played by buzzing the lips into a

mouthpiece and by using the slide of the instrument to play variable range
of chromatic notes. The sackbut is an intriguing musical instrument with
several distinguishing features:
Telescopic Slide Mechanism: The sackbut, like the modern trombone, has a
telescopic slide mechanism to adjust pitch by varying the length of the tube.
Smaller Bore: The sackbut has a smaller, more cylindrically-proportioned
Sackbut Brass Instrument
bore than modern trombones.
Less-Flared Bell: A sackbut bell that is less flared than its current
counterparts.
Sackbuts were constructed in a variety of sizes, including tenor, alto, and
bass. Because of its length, the bass sackbut frequently had a handle to
assist the player in reaching the distant positions on the slide.

Lute was undoubtedly the most popular instrument in the Renaissance

period. It has a pear-shaped body with long neck with pegs at the end of it
which enable a tuning mechanism for the player to be able to tighten or
loosen the tension of the strings for a specific tune. The lute is plucked or
Lute Stringed Instrument strummed with one hand while the other "frets" (presses down) the strings
on the fingerboard of the neck. The musician can produce higher or lower
pitches (notes) by pressing the strings on different parts of the fingerboard.
During Renaissance, lute was considered as “perfect” instrument because it
could play not only just one line but also all parts of a composition.
 The shawm was a flexible instrument used during the Renaissance period
for both ceremonial music and outdoor festivals. It had a conical bore,
which contributed to its loud and penetrating sound. It used a double reed
similar to that of modern oboes and bassoons1. A wooden disk called a
pirouette was placed where the player's lips met the reed, providing support
Woodwind
Shawm for the lips and embouchure. The design of the instrument, notably its flared
Instrument
bell, provided for a piercing sound that was ideal for outdoor performances.
Shawms were created in various sizes and had at least one key to broaden
the range of notes beginning in the 16th century. Larger shawms had a
fontanelle, which was a cover for the key mechanism that protected the keys
and concealed their asymmetry.