MODERN CONVENT SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

FORMULATION OF LIP BALM

Student/Author: Jaanvi Choudhary

Class & Section: XII-A

Date:

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 Table of Contents
1. Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................................4
2. Acknowledgement..........................................................................................................................................................4
3. History of Lip Balms...................................................................................................................................4
4. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................4
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5. cture 2
Aim i&Objective...............................................................................................................................................................5
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6. Types of lip balms..........................................................................................................................................................5
7. Advantages of Natural Lip Balm...............................................................................................................................6
8. Disadvantages of Natural Lip Balm.........................................................................................................................6
9. Materials&Ingredients Required...............................................................................................................................7
10. Theory................................................................................................................................................................................7
11. The Chemistry of Lip Balms.......................................................................................................................................9
12. Procedure........................................................................................................................................................................10
13. Snippets of practical...................................................................................................................................................11
14. Evaluation of Lip Balm...............................................................................................................................................14
15. Observation....................................................................................................................................................................15
16. Stability studies............................................................................................................................................................16
17. Discussion.......................................................................................................................................................................18
18. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................................................19
19. Result................................................................................................................................................................................20
20. Precautions.....................................................................................................................................................................20
21. Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................................21

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1. Abstract
Demand for natural products has grown recently, notably in the cosmetics sector.
One of the most popular cosmetic items, lip balmserves the dual purposes of
coloring the lips and preventing dryness. While the components in synthetic sources
have manynegative effects, the phrase "herbal" is a sign of security. Popular herbal
products include tonics, pastes, lotions, shampoos, pills,and lip balm. The main
purposes of lip balm are to improve the appearance and feel of the lips. Non-
chemical lip balms moisturize,hydrate, and protect lips that are prone to chapping
and dryness. They support preserving the lips' innate good looks and
health.Because lip balms are not gender-specific, both men and women use them.

2. Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in this project however it would mot have been possible
without the help of others.
I would like to thank my principal Dr. Sheetal Mann and school for providing me
this opportunity to do this project.
I am highly indebted with my chemistry teacher Mrs. Teena Singh for considering
me capable of handling this project and assigning it to me.
I would also like to thank my parents to be my full support throughout this project
and encouraging me always towards the final goal.
Lastly my thank and appreciations also goes to my fellow classmates for helping me
through various ups and downs during this project.

3. Introduction
In a world full of fancy beauty products with complicated ingredients, simplicity has
its own charm. Many of us are drawn to creating our own beauty solutions, wanting
something natural and tailored just for us. That's where our project comes in —
we're exploring how to make a simple but essential item: lip balm.

Our lips need special care. The skin on our lips is thin and delicate, easily affected
by the weather and the pollution around us. As we try our hand at DIY beauty,
we're focusing on making a personalized herbal lip balm, a small but meaningful
step into taking care of ourselves.

We're not just making any lip balm — we're using natural ingredients like shea
butter, coconut oil, and aloe Vera chosen for how good they are for our skin. Please
do join us in discovering how to make a lip balm that not only protects our lips but
also brings joy by creating our own beauty basics.

4. Aim &Objective
The primary purpose of lip balm is to provide an occlusive layer on the lip surface to
seal moisture .in .. lips and protect them from external exposure. Dry air, cold
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temperatures, and wind all have a drying effect on skin by drawing moisture away
from the body.
Gain insights into the world of do-it-yourself beauty products and understand the
benefits of using natural ingredients.Understand the chemical properties of the
chosen ingredients (aloe vera, coconut oil, Shea butter) and how they interact to
form a natural and herbal lip balm.
Consider the environmental impact of beauty product choices and explore how
using natural, sustainable ingredients aligns with eco-friendly practice.
Learn the art of customization by experimenting with different essential oils and
adjusting ingredient ratios to achieve the desired texture and fragrance And much
more

5. Types of lip balms

 UV filter lip balm :-
This sort of lip balm can be used all year long, but it is especially beneficial in
the summer or when visiting anarea with more solar activity.(e.g. mountain
ski resorts).

 Nourishing lip balm :- This type works best in winter.

 Moisturizing lip balm :-

Your lips may split if you use this lip balm in the cold since it absorbs too
quickly. For dry lips, this kind of lipbalm is beneficial. You can use
moisturizing lip balm all year long.

 Medicated lip balm :- It should be applied with care. It acts as a softening

and antiseptic medication.
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  Tinted Lip balm :-You can wear tinted lip balm year round.

6. Advantages of Natural Lip Balm

 Hydration:The primary purpose of lip balm is to hydrate and moisturize the
lips, preventing dryness and discomfort.
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 Protection: Lip balm forms a protective barrier against harsh weather
conditions, including wind and cold, as well as exposure to UV radiation.

 Healing Properties: The emollients and vitamins in lip balm contribute to

the healing of chapped or damaged lips, restoring smoothness and
suppleness.

 Prevention: Regular use of lip balm can prevent common issues such as
chapping, cracking, and peeling, maintaining lip health.

7. Disadvantages of Natural Lip Balm

 Other drawbacks of natural oils include the fact that they are greasier,
comedogenic, and less spreadable.

 Lip balm addiction is another drawback that is typically associated with its
use.

 Some lip balms include allergens in them that can result in a rash.

 Other drawbacks of natural oils include the fact that they are greasier,
comedogenic, and less spreadable.

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8. Materials&Ingredients Required

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9. Theory

Beeswax:
Beeswax serves as a natural emollient, providing protective barrier on the lips. It helps to retain moisture
and gives structure to the lip balm.
Almond Oil:
Almond oil is rich in fatty acids and vitamin E, offering moisturizing and nourishing properties for the
skin. It contributes to the smooth and soft texture of the lip balm.
Castor Oil:
Shea butter is known for its intense moisturizing effects. It contains fatty acids and vitamins that soothe
and hydrate the skin, promoting suppleness.

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Emulsion:
The process of melting and mixing the ingredients involves creating an emulsion. An emulsion is a stable
mixture of water based and oil-based components. In lip balm, the water content is minimal or absent, but
the emulsion is essential for the smooth texture and even distribution of ingredients.

As the lip balm mixture cools, the beeswax solidifies, giving the lip balm its structure. The ratio of
beeswax to oils determines the firmness of the lip balm, affecting its texture and application.
The combination of beeswax, almond oil, and shea butter creates a moisture barrier on the lips. This
barrier helpstuto 4 ...
re prevent water loss from the skin, maintaining hydration and preventing dryne.
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10.The Chemistry of Lip Balms

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11. Procedure
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Weigh all the products. Add ghee, beeswax, castor oil and sunflower oil in beaker
and melt it in water bath. Add honey and vitamin E into beaker and mix vigorously
so that honey will not clump. Add vanillin flavor. Pour the content into the lipstick
moulds. Before pouring the mixture in lipstick moulds; on the mould applying
glycerin with the help of cotton. Put the filled moulds into ice bath for 10 min.
Composition of lip balm is given in Table below:

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12. Snippets of practical

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13. Evaluation of Lip Balm
Melting point
To determine the melting point, sample of lip balm was taken in a glass capillary
whose one end was sealed by flame. The capillary containing drug was dipped in
liquid paraffin inside the melting point apparatus which was equipped with magnetic
stirring facility. Melting was determined visually and melting point was reported
Organoleptic 4 ...properties
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The lip balm was studied for organoleptic characters such as color, odor, taste and
appearance.

Test of spreadability
The test of spreadability consisted of applying the product (at room temperature)
repeatedly onto a glass slide to visually observe the uniformity in the formation of
the protective layer and whether the stick fragmented, deformed or broke during
application.

Measurement of pH
The pH of lip balm was determined in order to investigate the possibility of any side
effect. As an acidic or alkaline pH may cause irritation of lips, it was determined to
keep the pH of tablet as close to neutral as possible. The pH study was carried out
by dissolving 1 gm of sample into 100 ml water. The pH measurement was done
using pH paper.

Stability studies
Prepared lip balm was placed for accelerated stability studies at room temperature
(25.0 ± 3.0 ºC), refrigeration (4± 2.0 ºC) and oven temperature (40.0 ± 2.0 ºC)
for 30 days. After 30 days, it was characterized for organoleptic properties, melting
point, spreadability, and pH.

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14. Observation
Organoleptic characteristics of lip balm:

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Melting point
Melting point of lip balm was found to be in the range of range of 68 C-69 C, which
matches with appropriate melting point of between 65 and 75 C

Test of spreadability
Prepared lip balm, initially has shown, G - Good: uniform, no fragmentation; perfect
application, without any deformation at room temperature

Measurement of pH
pH of lip balm was near to neutral pH i.e. 7 this would not cause any irritation to
lips.

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15. Stability studies

Stability of drug can be defined as the time from date of manufacture and the
packaging of the formulation, until its chemical or biological activity is not less than
a predetermined level of labeled potency and its physical characteristics have not
changed appreciably. The purpose of stability testing is to provide evidence on how
the quality of a drug substance or drug product varies with time under the influence
of variety of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and light,
enabling recommended storage conditions and shelf-lives.

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It was observed that prepared lip balm shows, Good: uniform, no fragmentation;
perfect application, without any deformation at room temperature (25.0 ± 3.0 ºC)
and refrigeration (4± 2.0 ºC) and shows, Intermediate: uniform; leaves few
fragments; appropriate application; little deformation at oven temperature (40.0 ±
2.0 ºC). All results are presented in

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16.Discussion
Consumers concerned with the environment are willing to spend more on
"environmentally friendly" products, favoring the growth of the market for organic
cosmetics. Following this trend, cosmetic manufacturers have invested in research
and development of this product category. However, the development of organic
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cosmetics have major technical challenges in that, besides requiring experience and
skill of the formulator, there is a restriction on the use of raw materials, since 95%
of the formulation must be of organic origin. Prepared lip balm formulations were
evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, melting point, spreadability, pH and
stability studies. It shows melting point in the range of 68C-69C, which matches
with the ideal melting point. Test of spreadability was found to be G - Good:
uniform, does not leave fragments, perfect application, without any deformation of
the lip balm initially at room temperature. pH of lip balm was near to neutral pH i.e.
7 this would not cause irritation to lips. Although the compatibility of all
components in the formulation represents an important factor affecting the stability
of a lipstick or lip balm, it is also essential to study the spreadability parameter
which, in turn, is influenced by melting point. After performing stability studies at at
room temperature, refrigeration and oven temperature for 30 days it was observed
that lip balm shows Good: uniform spreadability, perfect application, without
deformation properties, observed at room temperature) and refrigeration But
Intermediate: uniform spreadability ; leaves few fragments; appropriate
application; little deformation of the lip balm was observed at oven temperature

17.Conclusion
The formulation stored at room temperature and refrigerator showed similar
behavior during the stability test. The organoleptic characteristics were stable and
spreadability was evaluated as “Good.” Storage under these conditions was
considered adequate, particularly because the functionality of the product was
maintained.

Prepared lip balm shows good spreadability at normal temperature. During the
stability test, the developed formulation of organic lip balm exhibited an
appropriate melting point (mean of 69 C), According to results of the spreadability
tests, storage in the oven (40.0 ± 2.0 °C) was not recommended because of loss of
product functionality observed during the normal stability test.

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18.Result
AN ORGANIC LIP BALM DEPECTING A PERFECT PH BALANCE AND ORGANOLEPTIC
CHARACTERSTICS IS PRODUCED.
“Lip balm serves as a simple yet effective solution for lip care, addressing issues of
dryness, chapping, and exposure to environmental factors. Its diverse formulations
cater to various .. preferences, making it a versatile and widely used cosmetic
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product for maintaining healthy and attractive lips.”

19.Precautions
• Maintain good personal hygiene by washing hands thoroughly before and
after handling ingredients and equipment.

• Sterilize tools and containers to prevent contamination.

• Wear appropriate PPE such as gloves and safety goggles to protect yourself
from potential contact with skin irritants or harmful substances.

• Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhalation of fumes from certain

ingredients. If working indoors, consider using an exhaust fan or opening
windows.

• e cautious when handling concentrated ingredients, such as essential oils or

fragrance oils. Follow recommended guidelines for usage and avoid direct skin
contact.

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20.Bibliography

1.Christopulos A, Mouth anatomy

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899122-overview Sep 11,
2018.

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2. Fernandes AR, Dario MF, Stability evaluation of organic lip balm.
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013: 49; 293-300.

3. Kadu M, Singh V. Review on natural lip balm International Journal

of Research In Cosmetic Science 2015; (1): 1-7.

4. American academy of dermatology. “ Protection against photo

aging”
http:/www.skincarephysicians.com/agingskinnet/photoaging.html

5. Pugliese PP "Vitamin e: a skin care ally." skin, inc. Magazine.

http://www.skininc.com/skinscience/ingredients/55400207.html.
`Des 23 2017.

6.Barel, AO Handbook of cosmetic science and technology. New

York: Marcel Dekker, 2001, 904.

7. Sharma PP, cosmetics- Formulation, manufacturing and quality

control, Edn 5. Vandana publications, Delhi, 2008, 297-3

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 Thank You !!

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