2022 YEAR 8 SCIENCE

Esther Gatt-Rutter
[Email address]
 Vocabulary: Match the term to the right definition:

1. Organelles 2. Magnification 3. Cell

membrane

4. Stage 5. Prokaryote 6. Binary fission

7. Cell 8. Tumour 9. Cell wall

10. Microscopic 11. Micrometre 12. Chloroplast

13. Mitosis 14. Slide 15. Eukaryote

Term Definition
(Number)

12 Organelle present in plant cells, required for

photosynthesis

14 Flat rectangular piece of glass used to mount

specimens

9 A structure present in both plants and Fungi. It keeps

the cell firm and rigid.

8 A collection of abnormally growing cells

6 Process used by bacteria for reproduction

1 Specialised structures within cells that perform

specific functions

2 The number of times that an object has been

enlarged

7 Smallest unit of life

13 The cell division that produces identical daughter cells

10 Description of items that are too small to see with the

naked eye

3 Structure that surrounds a cell and controls what can

go in and out
11 Unit used to measure very small things. There are 1
000 000 of these in every metre

1 Name the type of lens closest to your eye when you are looking through a
microscope.
A magnifying lens B
B ocular lens
C objective lens
D top lens
2 Identify the correct statement regarding the relationship between the image and
the specimen when the specimen on the stage of a microscope is moved.
A When the specimen is moved to the left, the image also moves to the left.
B The image is turned upside down when the specimen is moved. C
C When the specimen is moved forwards, then the image moves backwards.
D When the specimen is moved, the image doesn’t change.

3 Below are some statements about stereomicroscopes and scanning electron

microscopes. Identify the statement that is not correct.
A There is no need to cut thin slices of the specimen in preparation for either.
B They both provide a view of the surface of the specimen.
C The magnification is small in a stereo microscope (100) compared to a D
scanning electron microscope (1 000 000).
D Both create black and white images of the specimen.
4 Name the part of the animal cell that controls the functioning of the cell.
A ribosome
B mitochondrion
C cell membrane D
D nucleus

5 Name the part of a plant cell where a plant manufactures its food.
A chloroplast
B mitochondrion
C nucleus A
D cell wall

6 Identify which one of the following comparisons between plant and fungal cells
is not correct.
A both have a nucleus
B both have a cell membrane D
C both contain chloroplasts
D both have a cell wall

7 Three of the following statements are true statements about specialised cells.
Identify the incorrect statement.
A Specialised cells have a special job to do in the body.
B Muscle cells are specialised cells that you use to move around. C
C Root hairs are specialised cells on plant roots that assist water intake.
D Unicellular organisms are highly specialised cells.
8 Select the picture that represents a possible outcome of cell division.
A

D
C

9 The part of the cell that controls the entry and exit of substances is:
A the nucleus.
B the ribosomes. C
C the cell membrane.
D the mitochondria.
10 What is the most common form of skin cancer?
A Melanoma
B Squamous cell carcinoma D
C Sun spots
D Basal cell carcinoma
11 What form of radiation from the sun causes skin cancer?
A Ultraviolet
B Infra-red A
C Visible light
D Microwaves
3.2 A whole new world

Units Symbol Smallest to largest

Millimetres mm largest
Micrometers µm Middle
nanometers nm smallest

List 4 things that can be seen using a light microscope.

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus and

cytoplasm_________________________________________________________________________

3.3 focusing on a small world

a. What are the differences between light microscopes and electron microscopes?
b. Label a microscope. Be sure to include: base, stage, light, objective lens, ocular lens, coarse
focus and fine focus knobs.

c. Explain how the ocular and objective lens can be used to calculate magnification. Give
example

_Ocular magnification x objective lens magnification = total magnification

Ocular lens Objective lens Magnification

X10 X4 40x
X10 X40 400x
3.4 form and function

Label the important organelles in the diagram below: Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, large
vacuole, chloroplast, mitochondria, cytoplasm

b. What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

________
Prokaryotic cells do NOT have nucleus (and membrane bound organelle)

Eukaryotic cells do have nucleus (and membrane bound organelle)

c. Give an example of a prokaryotic cell:

____________Bacteria cell_____________________________________

d. Give an example of a eukaryotic cell: ____

Animals/plants/Fungi/Protista cells_(any)____________________________________

e. Is this a prokaryote or eukaryote? Explain your answer.

____It is a prokaryotic cell because it has no nuclear membrane holding the DNA.
f. Fill in table below

Organelles in cells Job/function Present in plant or animal

Nucleus Present in both

This is the brain of the cell; it controls

the cell’s function and contains the DNA
Cell membrane
It allows certain things into and out of Present in both
the cell

Cell wall plants

It is a firm structure that holds the plant
cell together and protects the cell.

Large vacuole plants

It holds water and waste materials

Chloroplast plants
It contains chlorophyll which enables
the plant to carry out photosynthesis

Mitochondria It is the powerhouse of the cell where Present in both

energy is made and carbon dioxide is
given out

3.5 & 3.6 Focusing on animal and Plant cells

a. Fill in the table below with the appropriate information about the cells.
 Cell structure Name of cell Plant/Animal Function
Egg Animal Only females have
eggs (fertilised by
sperm cells)

Sperm Animal Long tails to help

them swim
towards egg cells
Only males have
sperm cells
(fertilises eggs).

Leave Plant It contains

chloroplast which is
required for
photosynthesis.

Root hair plant It holds the plant

firmly in the soil. It
takes up water and
dissolved minerals
from the soil to the
plant. It has high
surface area in
order to absorb a
lot of water.

3.8 Cell division

a. Why does mitosis occur?

__________For growth and repair of damaged cells.

b. Do all living cells divide by mitosis? __________ No- prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission

c. Do the daughter cells have the same genetic information as the parent cells? Explain

________Yes because they are clones of the parent cell. ______________________

d. The images below were taken over a period of time; however, they are not in the correct order.
A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

a. Use the letters to arrange the images in the correct order and name each phase.
C: Interphase, D: Prophase, A: Metaphase, B: Anaphase, E: Telophase.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

b. What process is the cell undergoing?

Mitosis
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

c. Explain why this process is important for the organism.

It is important for growth, repair of damaged cells and to produce new cells.
..................................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................................