2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

Moving toward an intelligent edge: Machine

Learning and Wireless Communication
2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) | 979-8-3503-9926-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACITE57410.2023.10182477

Priyanka Pravin Patil1 Adolfo Perez-Mendoza2 Kapil Joshi3

2 3
DYIEMR Akurdi , Pune Professor, Universidad Tecnológica del Uttaranchal Institute of Technology,
priyanka.pawar51@gmail.com Perú Uttaranchal University
C18212@utp.edu.pe kapilengg0509@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-3564 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-8347

Dr. Heli Shah4 Dr. Biju G. Pillai5 Mr. M. Kalyan Chakravarthi6

Head & Professor , Mechatronics &
Robotics
PIT , Parul University
heli.shah165006@paruluniversity.ac.in
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3290-6555
5Director
- BIIB & Dean - Faculty of
Management, Department of IT & Business
Analytics, Sri Balaji University, Pune
bijupillai@sbup.edu.in
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-2648
6Senior Assistant Professor, School of
Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP
University, Amaravathi, Pin code: 522237,
India kalyanchakravarthi.m@vitap.ac.in
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9913-8867

Abstract— In order to improve performance, efficiency, and
yield, the intelligent wireless system concentrates on
collaborating with cutting-edge techniques such as machine learning
(ML) and similar methodologies. The research includes evaluating
precisely the important factors that ML methodologies use to assist
more intelligent network communication in many sectors. For the
research, the researchers tried to collect both primary and secondary
data. In order to have greater input and perspectives into the research
field, the participants are recruited from the business. The main
aspects taken into consideration for the research are spectrum
availability and control, important congestion point detection, ML-
influenced hotspot management, and control of hotspots. According
to the research, which was conducted using the SPSS data analysis
tool, it can be concluded that all of the variables have a significant
impact on intelligent communication. As a result, ML contributes
significantly to improving the user experience.
Keywords— Wireless communication, Machine learning, SPSS
I. INTRODUCTION
With the introduction of ML techniques, businesses may
now develop, study, and adjust in a changing world. The
technology and communication industry must adopt
innovative approaches to provide the appropriate resources,
minimize latency problems, and permit the availability of
improved and enhanced services at a reasonable price because
the wireless network is expanding at a rapid rate due to a rise
in customer demands and expectations. People and companies
are now seeking out additional strategies to stay connected 24
hours a day [4]. According to a report, ML tools help service
providers manage data gathered from various resources and
endorse the investigation and identification of patterns in the
raw data; furthermore, deep learning tools are becoming
further popular as they help the wireless network achieve
greater intelligence [3].
ML and communication are now receiving more and more
interest. On the one hand, ML is seen as a viable answer for
many contemporary communication challenges with massive
data volumes and high dimensionality due to its effective
implementation in image identification, natural language
processing, and game playing [1]. To address the learning
problem's bottlenecks, like the system’s accountability and
communication efficacy in distributed learning, the ML
community is attempting to adopt tools from communication,
like information theory [2].
ML methodologies can also be said to improve network
dynamics, including control of hotspots, detection of crucial
bottleneck areas, spectrum accessibility and control [21].
These factors make it possible to resolve the signal-to-noise
ratio and lag and latency problems. The implementation of
advanced algorithms improves wireless communication to be
smarter and more vigilant in addition to meeting the expanding
expectations and demands, according to scholars, who have
explained that the implementation of ML techniques endorses
tackling the complex problems in wireless communication [5].
By stretching the distribution network medium, regulating
gateways, and identifying, retrieving, and controlling crucial
bottlenecks, reach, and other issues, ML techniques can also
aid in enhancing network dynamics. These factors improve the
signal-to-noise ratio, help with law-and-order issues, and more
[14]. The implementation of numerous aspects of wireless
communication, including picture improvement, speech
detection, video quality processing, security, and defense
against cyber threats, etc. is made possible by the employment
of essential ML techniques. According to network experts,
ML techniques for potent decision-making also enable
channel error analysis, optimally create supplies, recognize
effective issues, administer networks, and offer security from
cyberattacks. More advanced ML techniques are being used to
collect massive amounts of information and analyze them in
real-time for effective interpretation and output owing to
enhanced research and development [7].
Because of this, the use of ML methods permits in
resolving a variety of data storage functions, which aids in
more accurate data analysis. The ML technology makes it
possible to find the pertinent data and details. The main
benefits of adopting ML are that it helps automate the crucial
process in the wireless communication network, collects data
and information from many resources, and utilizes a variety of
algorithms to analyze the data in order to assess the patterns of
the present and the future [22]. The ML approaches for
effective decision-making method also assist in analyzing the

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 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)
channel error features, distributing resources properly,
identifying the difficulties effectively, routing of networks,
and defending from cyber-attacks, according to experts in
communication networking. The organization can
successfully deliver better and more smart communication
networks thanks to the stability and persistence of ML
technologies [23].
The key causes restricted to the research are ML-
influenced hotspot control, recognition of crucial congestion
points, spectrum accessibility, and control. The research is
limited to making a crucial determining factor of smart
wireless communication through the implementation of ML.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Nearly every field of science and technology is being
revolutionized by the recent surge of AI. It is predicted that the
bulk of smart implementations would be enforced at the edge
of wireless networks given the prevalence of smart mobile and
IoT devices. The creation of an "intelligent edge" to facilitate
AI empowered apps at diverse edge systems has sparked huge
attention in light of this approach [8]. As a result, a brand-new
field of study known as edge learning has appeared and is
revolutionizing the fields of wireless communication and ML.
To surmount the restricted computing and data resources at
each edge device is a key subject in edge learning [17]. This is
achieved by utilizing the mobile edge computing platform and
taking use of the vast amounts of information dispersed among
numerous edge devices. In such platforms, connecting among
the edge server and devices and understanding from dispersed
information are two critical and connected attributes, and their
collaboration presents various research queries.
For the purpose of building wireless communication
systems, channel modelling is essential. It is usual practice to
collect a large amount of data on channel measurements before
utilizing statistical techniques to determine the proper channel
models [9]. Modern mobile communications allow for high
bandwidth physical layer transmission for highly mobile
communications by layering channel estimate on top of
channel modelling. Many difficult application situations are
emerging for the various IoT and the upcoming 5G, and it is
crucial to develop a more effective approach for channel
modelling and channel estimate. ML has effectively shown
how to handle massive data effectively in the interim. This
work introduces the use of machine learning to support
channel modelling and channel estimation using data from a
literature review.
We shall summarize big data analysis and ML in this
paper, as well as how they might be used in wireless networks.
Then, we apply big data analysis to forecast what mobile users
will need and then take advantage of that information to
enhance "social network-aware wireless" performance [10].
Especially, a consolidated paradigm for big data-enabled ML
that combines feature extraction, data modelling, and
prediction is suggested. The key advantages of this suggested
framework are that we may improve the inspiration, problem
formulations, and approach of potent ML algorithms in the
setting of wireless networks by focusing on massive data that
represents both the spectrum and other difficult demands of
users [6].
One of the most intriguing AI methods, ML was developed
to assist smart radio interfaces. Emerging smart 5G mobile
stations are anticipated to employ advanced spectral efficiency
training and implication to independently obtain the most
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advantageous spectral bands, simply depend on energy
efficiency learning and implication to regulate transmission
power, and concurrently modify the transmission guidelines
using quality of service learning and implication. Therefore,
we quickly go over the fundamental ideas of ML and suggest
using them in appealing 5G network applications, such as
cognitive radios, huge MIMOs, femto cells, heterogeneous
networks, smart grids, energy harvesting, device-to-device
communications, and so on [20]. In order to access previously
untapped applications and services, our aim is to help readers
improve the rationale, issue framing, and technique of potent
ML algorithms in the case of good networks.
Modern cellular networks will inexorably incorporate
cellular-connected UAVs as novel aerial mobile customers.
By giving UAVs cellular connectivity, a wide range of uses,
from online video streaming to medical delivery, will be made
possible [21]. Nevertheless, a number of issues, including
interference control, mobility management and handover,
cyber-physical threats, and identification, must be tackled in
order to provide the UAVs with dependable wireless
connectivity and secure functioning. The purpose of this essay
is to highlight the wireless and security problems that occur
when real-time multimedia streaming, delivery systems based
on UAVs, and intelligent transportation systems with UAV
support are all taken into consideration. Such problems are
addressed using ANN-based solution strategies [15]. The
strategies that have been presented allow UAVs to utilise
wireless system resources in a flexible manner while yet
maintaining real-time operational security. The advantages of
the proposed approaches for each of the following cellular-
connected UAV application usage scenarios are demonstrated
by initial simulation results.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to conduct the research, the researchers use a
quantitative research methodological approach. The project's
primary goal is to better understand how ML techniques might
improve the effectiveness of intelligent wireless
communication [11]. Almost 161 replies were collected to the
questions that the researchers planned to utilize to gather
information from the participants. The investigators also
employ secondary data sources to comprehend the prior
research done and to comprehend the numerous factors that
influence smart wireless communication in the present
situations [12]. According to numerous academics, the old
communication system cannot accommodate the variety of
applications that end users are increasingly seeking. As a
result, integrating revolutionary ML techniques can
effectively improve overall speed and coverage [13]. In order
to improve intelligent wireless communication, the suggested
framework tries to assist in impacting the relevant hotspots.
Additionally, the congested areas are properly managed in
order to improve services and meet consumer needs. In order
to offer good services to end customers, the approach is also
centered on assessing spectrum availability and general
management. Basic descriptive analysis, analysis of variance
and regression analysis are the three main types of analysis
that the researchers utilize while analyzing the data using the
IBM SPSS software (ANOVA).
A. Research Questions
x Does ML have an effect on how hotspots are managed
and how that affects intelligent wireless
communication?
 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

x Does ML have an effect on identifying key congestion Not at all important 22 7.3
sites and intelligent wireless communication?
Less important 11 9.1
x Will spectrum control and accessibility have a
favourable effect on the effectiveness of intelligent Neutral 3 3.2
wireless communication? Important 66 50.3
IV. RESULTS Highly important 59 30.1
In this part, the researchers give a careful analysis of the Total 161 100
information gathered from the participants for the research
using techniques including descriptive analysis, regression
analysis, and ANOVA.
A. Descriptive Analysis
According to the research in Table 4.1, 36.1% of the
respondents agreed that ML methods are crucial to the claim
that they can improve the precision of intelligent wireless
systems. Additionally, another 37.2% cited it as an important
statement; as a result, it is consistent with the results of the
earlier research, which showed that ML helps improve the
precision and speed of wireless communications. In addition,
11.2% of the participants disagreed strongly with the
statement, 4.3% disagreed, and 11.2% were ambivalent about
it. Fig. 4.1 displays how AI aids wireless communication.
Table 4.1: ML results in greater accuracy
ML facilitates better Frequency Percent Fig. 4.2. ML facilitates in deploying sources
accuracy
B. Regreesion equation
Not at all important 26 11.2 The regression equation is framed as Y (intelligent
Less important 8 4.3 wireless communication) = 0.134 + 0.347 × management of
hotspots + 0.353 × critical congestion points + 0.201 ×
Neutral 26 11.2 spectrum availability and management as shown in table 4.3.
Important 51 37.2 Table. 4.3. Regression analysis
Highly important 50 36.1 Regression B t P
Total 161 100 value
Constant .312 .542 .067
Management of hotspots .246 3.214 0.102
Critical congestion points .367 4.237 0.023
Spectrum availability and .189 .318 0.125
management
R .359
R squared .860
Adj. R Squared .734

Fig. 4.1. Chart showing how AI supports wireless
communication.
According to the study in Table 4.2, 30.1% of the
participants said that ML assists in the deployment of
resources, and 50.3% said that it is important. Thus, this is
consistent with earlier findings. Fig. 4.2 illustrates how AI aids
in resource deployment.
Table. 4.2. ML facilitates in deploying sources.
Supports in deploying sources Frequency Percent
C. ANOVA
Evaluating the analysis of variance to comprehend the
study questions is the third phase of analysis.
RQ 1. Does ML have an effect on how hotspots are
managed and how that affects smart wireless
communication?
It can be inferred from the analysis in Table 4.4 that there
is an important relationship between smart wireless
communication and the control of hotspots because the P
value is 0.001, which is less than 0.05.

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 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

Table. 4.4. ANOVA between smart wireless implement new techniques to demonstrate their value and cut
communication and control of hotspots. down on latency. It has been suggested that ML tools give
ANOVA SS df Mean F Sig. service providers the ability to handle the data gathered from
square multiple resources, which aids in the analysis and
identification of raw data samples. Additionally, deep
Between 267.534 5 33.278 215.638 .001
learning techniques are gaining more attention since they
groups enable the wireless network to offer good intelligence [16].
Within 65.872 152 1.267 From data to brain activities, ML systems use sophisticated
groups algorithms and neural network architectures. By effectively
Total 333.406 157 managing latency and damage concerns, creating abilities,
RQ 2. Does ML have an effect on identifying key and many other areas, these future developments assist
congestion sites and smart wireless communication? service providers in satisfying client expectations.
It can be inferred from the study in Table 4.5 that there is a
substantial correlation among smart wireless communication VI. CONCLUSION
and key congestion spots because the P value is 0.001, More advanced ML techniques are being utilized to gather
which is less than 0.05. and evaluate massive volumes of information in real-time for
Table. 4.5. ANOVA between smart wireless communication effective processing and production as research and
and crucial bottleneck points development activities rise. Users may find pertinent data and
ANOVA SS df Mean F Sig. information using ML technology. It was thought that the key
square benefits of adopting ML were its assistance in the automation
of crucial wireless communication network activities, the
Between 267.534 5 32.165 221.573 .001 gathering of data from various resources, and the application
groups of various methods. According to network experts, ML
Within 65.872 152 1.356 techniques for potent decision-making also enable channel
groups error analysis, optimally create resources, recognize effective
Total 333.406 157 issues, administer networks, and offer security from
cyberattacks. It should be emphasized that management can
successfully deliver smarter and more efficient
RQ 3. Will spectrum control and accessibility have a
communication networks and that ML techniques are more
favorable effect on the effectiveness of smart wireless stable and sustainable.
communication?
It can be inferred from the analysis in Table 4.6 that there is Each author gave a substantial contribution in the
an important relationship between smart wireless acquisition, analysis and data interpretation. Each author had
communication and spectrum accessibility and control a part in preparing the article for drafting and revising it
because the P value is 0.001, which is less than 0.05. critically for important intellectual content. Each author gave
final approval of the version to be published and agreed to be
Table 4.6: ANOVA between smart wireless communication accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that
and spectrum accessibility and control questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the
work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
ANOVA SS df Mean F Sig. VII. LIMITATIONS
square
The study had some restrictions, such as the limited
Between 267.534 5 31.263 153.392 .001 amount of time available, the possibility of responder bias,
groups and the fact that it primarily focused on wireless network
Within 65.872 152 1.401 systems.
groups VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
Total 333.406 157 The study's future focus will be on how to improve
wireless communication using additional digital tools like
V. DISCUSSION automation, robots, and deep learning. The research may also
The main goals of the application of ML techniques are to use different statistical techniques to assess how well the
establish flexible node placements, enable data and applications work. Additionally, the researchers can confirm
information gathering, analyze models, and predict the the results using other crucial variables.
provision of quality service. Utilizing these techniques lowers
costs and encourages resource utilization effectiveness.
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