Question 1

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What is the place of Christianity in the history of religions?

Select one:
a. All religions represent the work of the Divine Spirit who is operative in creation right from
the beginning. All religions represent an attempt to enter into the spiritual realm, to be finally
divinized. In Christianity this hope of human beings has been realised. Jesus the man has been
glorified by the Father raising from the dead. His body has been transformed. This is the final
hope of the whole of creation.
b. The Christian holds the history of religions a genuine history, with progress and hope.
Christianity represents the final hope of humanity with its surprising faith in God who “took

flesh and dwelt among us,” shattering all previous human attempts to experience God.
c. The Christian holds with hope the history of religions with all its lights and shadows, with
all its attempts to impart supernatural knowledge, a genuine history. Christianity represents the
final hope of humanity with its acceptance of Jesus as the true Teacher who brought us
knowledge. Thus now we know, because of Christ, the path of righteousness and peace.

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The correct answer is: The Christian holds the history of religions a genuine history, with
progress and hope. Christianity represents the final hope of humanity with its surprising faith in
God who “took flesh and dwelt among us,” shattering all previous human attempts to experience
God.

Question 2

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What is the Christian approach to “mysticism” in religions?

Select one:
a. The Christian denies that mystical experience has sole validity and teaches the absolute

value of the divine call that has been made audible in Christ.
b. The Christian rejects mystical experiences as unreliable since it is nearly impossible to
distinguish between self-induced psychological phenomena and authentic divine experiences.
c. The Christian accepts the absolute validity of mystical experiences and teaches the absolute
value of the mystical experience that has been made possible in Christ.

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The correct answer is: The Christian denies that mystical experience has sole validity and teaches
the absolute value of the divine call that has been made audible in Christ.

Question 3

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What is the essential (radical) difference between monotheism and mysticism?

Select one:
a. In mysticism, inwardness and spiritual experience are the absolute. God is active and it is
man who is passive. Instead in monotheism, inwardness and spiritual experience is not absolute;
man is active, takes the initiative and acts, and God is passive.
 b. In mysticism, inwardness holds the first place and spiritual experience is the absolute. God
is passive and it is man who acts. Instead in monotheism, inwardness and spiritual experience is

not absolute; man is passive and God takes the initiative and acts.
c. The essential difference between monotheism and mysticism is in their order. What comes
first to those who seek the Divine is the mystical experience. Later this experience could lead
one to faith in one Supreme Being.

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The correct answer is: In mysticism, inwardness holds the first place and spiritual experience is
the absolute. God is passive and it is man who acts. Instead in monotheism, inwardness and
spiritual experience is not absolute; man is passive and God takes the initiative and acts.

Question 4

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What does the Christian rejection of gods signify?

Select one:
a. It signifies the pride of a Christian who is not satisfied by many gods; he breaks free from

what is accustomed and begins to claim the existence of one God.

b. It signifies that the Christian is not satisfied by many gods; he is like a “rebel”, who for the
sake of his conscience dares to break free from what is accustomed. It is a matter of personal
conscience.
c. It signifies that there is development of thought regarding many gods; through reason
(philosophical reflection) the Christian discovers that “many gods” are philosophically
impossible and thus begins to accept the existence of one God.

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The correct answer is: It signifies that the Christian is not satisfied by many gods; he is like a
“rebel”, who for the sake of his conscience dares to break free from what is accustomed. It is a
matter of personal conscience.

Question 5

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According to Cardinal Ratzinger, what should the theologians of world religions must concern
themselves first?

Select one:
a. They ought to first of all seek an overall view of the whole panorama of religions, with its

inner development and spiritual structure.

b. They ought to study the salvific value of non-Christian religions, that is, whether people
outside the Catholic faith can be saved or not through their religions.
c. They ought to concern about the moral and ethical teachings of each of the religions to
safeguard and promote what is good in each of them

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The correct answer is: They ought to first of all seek an overall view of the whole panorama of
religions, with its inner development and spiritual structure.

Question 6

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How is the Christian rejection of gods of other religions viewed by the secularised man of today?

Select one:
a. The secular man views Christianity’s rejection of the gods of other religions as
unjustifiable and unreasonable. He sees Christianity as the problem to harmonious religious co-
existence.
b. The secular man views Christianity’s rejection of other religions as a sign of arrogance. It
is also considered a partisan attitude unwilling to see that in reality religions are all one and the

same.
c. The secular man views Christianity’s rejection of the gods of other religions as justifiable
and reasonable. He sees in Christianity a development of religious thought.

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The correct answer is: The secular man views Christianity’s rejection of other religions as a sign
of arrogance. It is also considered a partisan attitude unwilling to see that in reality religions are
all one and the same.

Question 7

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What should the attitude of a Christian towards non-Christian religions be?

Select one:
a. An approach which is both positive and negative, since all those religions contain both
“seeds of the word” and sinful realities.
b. An approach of deep respect, “removing one’s shoes” since all religions are manifestations
of the One Divinity.
c. An approach of dialogue in order to discover the positive values and promote them for the

betterment of humanity.
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The correct answer is: An approach which is both positive and negative, since all those religions
contain both “seeds of the word” and sinful realities.

Question 8

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How is the monotheism of Israel different from that of Hinduism or ATR?

Select one:
a. Monotheism of Hinduism and ATR is different only in the sense people use different
names for the one God, but basically all accept a Supreme Being who is the creator.
b. Monotheism arose in Hinduism and ATR not through a revolution, but through an

evolution; that is, through encounter with other religions and philosophical thought.
c. It was Moses who taught Israel to believe in one God, while in Hinduism and ATR it was
taught by some of the traditional elders who believed in one Supreme Being.

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The correct answer is: Monotheism arose in Hinduism and ATR not through a revolution, but
through an evolution; that is, through encounter with other religions and philosophical thought.

Question 9

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According to the mystical interpretation of religion, what is “first hand religion” and what is
“second hand religion”?

Select one:
a. The first hand religion is religious experiences described in myths, and the second hand
religions is that of monotheistic faith based on positive revelation.
b. The first hand religion is what is passed on from the mystic, and the second hand religion
is that of the experience of the mystic himself.
c. The first hand religion is that of the mystic himself, and the second hand religion is what is

passed on from the mystic.

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The correct answer is: The first hand religion is that of the mystic himself, and the second hand
religion is what is passed on from the mystic.

Question 10

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What is the first stage in the development of the history of religions?

Select one:
a. The first stage is the religious experiences based on nature spirits which slowly gives way
to faith in one Supreme Spirit.
b. The first stage is the construction of myths and formation of mythical religions to express

the primitive religious experiences.

c. The first stage is the monotheistic faith leading to later scientific faith rooted in both reason
and faith.

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The correct answer is: The first stage is the construction of myths and formation of mythical
religions to express the primitive religious experiences.

Question 11

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What is the problem with those who regard the question concerning the salvation of non-
Christians as the only question for the Christian about the phenomenon of the multiplicity of
religions in the world (for instance K. Rahner)?

Select one:
a. If the question concerning salvation in other-religions is the only question, the distinction

between one religion and another will appear very irrelevant, while it is not the case!
b. If the question concerning salvation in other-religions is the only question, then
theologians may not be interested in studying the history and the divergent teachings of each of
those religions.
c. If the question concerning salvation in other-religions is the only question, the main
theological problem will be about the salvific value of other religions!

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The correct answer is: If the question concerning salvation in other-religions is the only question,
the distinction between one religion and another will appear very irrelevant, while it is not the
case!

Question 12

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Name two possible attitudes towards other religions in the light of the Christian conviction that
Christ is the only Saviour and salvation of man?

Select one:
a. (i) Though Jesus is the only Saviour, the founders of other religions were inspired by the
Holy Spirit. (ii) Hence the task of the Church in protecting and promoting other religions.
b. (i) That all religions are provisional, preparatory to Christianity. (ii) All other religions are
insufficient, anti-Christian, contrary to the truth, leading people to a false security of being saved,

without ever being able to offer salvation.

c. (i) That Christ is present in all religions as “seeds of the word”. (ii) All religions can offer
salvation to their followers.

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The correct answer is: (i) That all religions are provisional, preparatory to Christianity. (ii) All
other religions are insufficient, anti-Christian, contrary to the truth, leading people to a false
security of being saved, without ever being able to offer salvation.

Question 13

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What is the major difference Judaism and Christianity on one hand, and the non-Judeo-Christian
religions on the other?

Select one:
 a. In Israel and Christianity man seeks out God in the midst of his worldly and earthly
connections and relationships. Man is the one who acts, and seeks salvation. In non-Judeo-
Christian religions it is God who is in search of Man wanting to save him.
b. Judaism and Christianity believes in one God, a transcendent being, Creator of heaven and
earth. The other religions generally believe in many gods, spirits and mediums.
c. In Israel and Christianity God seeks out man in the midst of his worldly and earthly
connections and relationships. God is the one who acts, and he is the one who brings salvation to
man. In non-Judeo-Christian religions it is man in search of religious experience and salvation.

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The correct answer is: In Israel and Christianity God seeks out man in the midst of his worldly
and earthly connections and relationships. God is the one who acts, and he is the one who brings
salvation to man. In non-Judeo-Christian religions it is man in search of religious experience and
salvation.

Question 14

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Why is the monotheism of Israel a sort of “revolution” in the history of religion?

Select one:
a. Monotheism was a sort of revolution of a few people who were filled with a new religious

awareness and who shattered the myths and overthrew the gods of whom the myths spoke.
b. Monotheism was a sort of revolution initiated and led by Moses and his close collaborators
and they imposed this their faith on the people of Israel, though the people were naturally
inclined to the worship of many gods. It was similar to the revolution led by Muhammed for the
tribal peoples of Arabian Desert.
c. Monotheism was a sort of revolution since it involved accepting the faith in one God,
though the people were naturally inclined to the worship of many gods or idol worships.
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The correct answer is: Monotheism was a sort of revolution of a few people who were filled with
a new religious awareness and who shattered the myths and overthrew the gods of whom the
myths spoke.

Question 15

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Mention the obvious difference between the patriarchs and prophets of Israel and the founders of
East Asian religions.

Select one:
a. In comparison to the great founders of East Asian Religions, the patriarchs and prophets

are quite mediocre and pathetic figures. That is, they are not “great religious personalities”.
b. The founders of East Asian Religions were masters of asceticism engaging frequently in
fasting, prayer, and meditation and led mostly a celibate life. Instead the patriarchs and prophets
engaged in preaching and teaching.
c. In comparison to the founders of East Asian Religions, the patriarchs and prophets are
“great religious personalities” while the founders of East Asian Religions are quite mediocre and
pathetic figures.

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The correct answer is: In comparison to the great founders of East Asian Religions, the patriarchs
and prophets are quite mediocre and pathetic figures. That is, they are not “great religious
personalities”.

Question 16

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What are the three ways of moving beyond the myth of religions?What is the first stage in the
development of the history of religions?

Select one:
a. Mysticism (absolute value of spiritual experience), monotheistic revolution (absolute value

of divine call), enlightenment (absolute value of rational “scientific” knowledge)

b. Judaism (with its faith in One God), Christianity (with in faith in Triune God and Jesus as
truly God and truly man), Islam (with its monotheistic faith and surrender to the will of God)
c. Faith (self-surrender to the Divine Spirit), Hope (trust in the divine promises), love
(commitment and affection for the Supreme Being)

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The correct answer is: Mysticism (absolute value of spiritual experience), monotheistic
revolution (absolute value of divine call), enlightenment (absolute value of rational “scientific”
knowledge)

Question 17

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What is the concept of religion held by “the man of today”?

Select one:
 a. The man of today holds that all religions are a sort of “opium” to comfort the poor and the
suffering. In fact all religions must give way to a secularised society, planned by human
intelligence and concerted political action.
b. The man of today sees significant differences and development from one religion to
another. Hence he expects each person to study each religion and to experience it, with the
conviction that he will find the Truth in one of those religions.
c. The man of today does not see any significant difference or development from one religion
to another. Hence he expects each person to remain in his own and to experience it, with the

conviction that in its basic core it is identical with all the others

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The correct answer is: The man of today does not see any significant difference or development
from one religion to another. Hence he expects each person to remain in his own and to
experience it, with the conviction that in its basic core it is identical with all the others

Question 18

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What is the first perception of the man of today when he looks at the plurality of religions?

Select one:
a. The first impression is an absolutely overwhelming multiplicity and variety, which makes
the question of “which of them holds the truth” very pertinent.
b. The first impression is an absolutely overwhelming unity and identity of all religions in
their multiplicity and variety, which makes the question of “which of them holds the truth”
insignificant.
c. The first impression is an absolutely overwhelming multiplicity and variety, which makes

the question of “which of them holds the truth” rather illusory from the start.

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The correct answer is: The first impression is an absolutely overwhelming multiplicity and
variety, which makes the question of “which of them holds the truth” rather illusory from the
start.

Question 19

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This mystical interpretation of religion forms the background of the idea of religion of man
today.” Elaborate on this statement.

Select one:
a. All religions originate from the inner experience of the founder, which is an experience of
the divine. All religions are intended to give rise to similar mystical experiences in their
followers.
b. All religions originate from an inner experience of the divine, which is the same
experienced by mystics of all times and places. All religions in the final analysis is based on the

experience of the mystic.

c. The core of all religions is the inner experience where the Divine dwells. Religions is the
matter of the “heart”, and such religious experiences are soothing to the man of today.

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The correct answer is: All religions originate from an inner experience of the divine, which is the
same experienced by mystics of all times and places. All religions in the final analysis is based
on the experience of the mystic.

Question 20

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What is the second perception of the man of today when he looks at the plurality of religions?

Select one:
a. The second impression is an absolutely overwhelming multiplicity and variety, which
makes the question of “which of them holds the truth” rather illusory.
b. He thinks that all religions are fundamentally identical in their fundamental symbols and in

what they ultimately stand for.

c. The second impression is an antipathy towards all religions as they promote superstitious
believes which are at times psychologically damaging and unbecoming for an enlightened mind.

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The correct answer is: He thinks that all religions are fundamentally identical in their
fundamental symbols and in what they ultimately stand for.