FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION
ICS 3202 - Artificial intelligence - November 2019
DATE: 18 th November 2019 Time: 2 Hours

Instructions
1. This examination consists of FIVE questions.
2. Answer Question ONE (COMPULSORY) and any other TWO questions.
QUESTION ONE – COMPULSORY (30 MARKS)
COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE by A. M. Turing 1950

I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning
of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the
normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think"
are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the
meaning and the answer to the question, "Can machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such
as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by
another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words.

The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is
played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex….

…I believe that in about fifty years' time it will be possible, to program computers, with a storage capacity
of about 109, to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more
than 70 per cent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning. The original
question, "Can machines think?" I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion. Nevertheless, I

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believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so
much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted….

A. Use the above excerpt from Allan Turing’s 1950 paper to answer the below questions
i. Completely describe the Turing experiment whose description begun in paragraph two (4
marks)
ii. Demonstrate by explanation that the Turing experiment touches on the modern four main
AI branches: Machine Learning, Natural language Processing, Knowledge Based Systems
and Robotics (4 marks)
iii. According to the second paragraph, Allan Turing predicted an Artificial Super Intelligence
arrival by the year 2000 explain briefly why this didn’t exactly happen and that now we
are in the year 2019 we aren’t there yet (2 marks)
B. A goods delivery robot wants to deliver food products to the cafeteria at Strathmore University
student center (STC). Currently it has managed to reach Madaraka shopping center. Using the
smart search A* algorithm, heuristics table with 𝑆𝐿𝐷 and the graph data structure of Madaraka
Estate/Stathmore University below, show how the robot will make its decision to reach STC (8
marks)

VERTEX 𝒉𝑺𝑳𝑫
Siwaka 200m
Ph.1a 195m
Ph.1b 70m
Phase 2 45m
J1 520m
Phase 3 207m
Parking lot 215m
Mada 700m
STC 0m

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 i. Explain the meaning of an Agents Performance Measure using the robot above and the
total distance covered (1 mark)
ii. The robotic agent is an example of Artificial Narrow Intelligence, explain why this is so
and why it is neither Artificial General Intelligence nor Artificial Super Intelligence (2
marks)
iii. Explain the term Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) commenting on what levels
you would allow on a UAV (Drone) vs Facial recognition Software (2 marks)
C. Two self-driving cars in training & testing mode were provided with 10 images that needed
classification of which its image processing software did as per the below table compared to gold
standards of a human expert classifying the images as either static object or moving object

Real world object Object as classified Object as classified Object as classified by

by Human Expert by Self-Driving Car Self-Driving Car B
A
Tree Static Static Static
Road Bump Static Static Moving
Road Pavement Static Moving Moving
Human being Moving Moving Moving
Bridge Static Static Static

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Animal Moving Moving Moving
Car Moving Moving Moving
Bicycle Moving Moving Moving
Cart Moving Moving Moving
House Static Static Static

i. Construct a confusion matrix table for image processing software of self-driving car A and
self-driving car B (4 marks)
ii. From the confusion matrix above, calculate the Accuracy of both cars then conclude
which of the two is much safer on the road (3 marks)

QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS)

A. A Kenyan renown company is going digital and wants to use AI to draw knowledge from its years
of company documentation. As a knowledge engineer you are provided with a document containing
the statements: All customers who are not allergic to dust love milk while everyone likes meat unless
they are vegetarian.
i. Using first order logic construct two Knowledge Base axiom sentences (2 marks)
ii. Explain what you understand by ontological engineering (1 mark)
B. Using AI to try solve Nairobi’s traffic menace, you want to develop a model to help make decision
on whether to drive through Uhuru Highway, you drove through the highway for 9 days and
collected waiting times in traffic as presented below.
DAY WAITING TIME IN TRAFFIC IN
MINUTES
Monday 30
Tuesday 40
Wednesday 50
Thursday 20
Friday 15
Saturday 60
Sunday 70
Monday 50
Tuesday 40

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 Using an Artificial Neural Network of 3 input layers named Node1, Node2, Node3, 2 hidden
layers named I & J and 1 output layer named K, and the starting weights matrix given below:

i. Draw the neural network architecture and attach all the weights and the first three of
the bounded inputs (2 marks)
ii. Using the above neural network calculate the first iteration error rate at output node
1
𝑲 use the sigmoid activation function (8 marks)
1+𝑒−𝑠
iii. By backpropagation compute the error rate at nodes J only, having been computed
after the first iteration (2 marks)
QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS)
A. You are working on a project to help famers maximize percentage of successful harvest from sowed
seeds. Below is a data set collected in the last 15 days
i. The dataset was then used to construct an intelligent decision tree model using ID3
algorithm that can help the farmers decide whether or not to plant seeds in any given day.
Show how entropy of column Plant Seed and information gain of column Temperature
were calculated (show all your workings). (10 marks)

Outlook Temperature Humidity Plant Seed

Sunny Hot High No

Sunny Hot High No
Overcast Hot High Yes
Rainy Mild High Yes
Rainy Cool Normal Yes
Overcast Cool Normal Yes
Sunny Mild High No

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 Sunny Cool Normal Yes
Rainy Mild Normal Yes
Sunny Mild Normal Yes
Overcast Mild High Yes
Overcast Hot Normal Yes
Rainy Mild High No

ii. Is the use of decision tree supervised or unsupervised learning? Give a reason. (1 mark)
B. Draw a model of Artificial Neural Network and explain how it mimics the human brain Neurons
(4 marks)

QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS)

A Kenyan award-winning artist has just released a new song on YouTube and comments are streaming in,
they have hired you to make an intelligent software to help them know what funs think of their music. A
new viewer has just commented “Predictable with no fun.”

A. Using below provided labelled comments and Naïve Bayes/Bag-of-words approach, classify the
new comment as either positive or negative. (8 marks)

Past comment Classified Class

Just plain boring Negative

Entirely predictable and lacks energy Negative

No surprises and very few creativity Negative

Very entertaining Positive

The most fun video of the season Positive

B. Another viewer has just typed his comment “Awesome video quite a great leda” however your
smart application detects a spelling error since the word leda doesn’t exist in English, using the
non-probabilistic Edit Distance algorithm, demonstrate using the Edit Distance Grid, how the
spelling error correction candidate can be decided assuming you have a dictionary from which you
have two candidate words {deal, lead} and the edit distance for lead = 2 has already been computed
(4 marks)
C. Apart from sentiment analysis and spelling error detection and correction, identify and explain
other three applicable areas of NLP as a branch of AI (3 marks)

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 QUESTION FIVE (15 MARKS)
The year is 2025, the first self-driving car has hit the streets of Nairobi, robots have taken over most of the
production jobs and more than 80% Kenyans are connected to the internet; a first in the history of the
country.

A. Considering the above hypothetical statement:

i. Explain any four major practical challenges a self-driving car would experience if it was
introduced in Nairobi today? (4 marks)
ii. AI is a major subject in Industry 4.0, justify the claim of Industry 4.0 that more jobs will
be created surpassing those destroyed. (2 marks)
B. According to WHO 13000 Kenyans lose their lives in road accidents every year while according to
McKinsey & Company, driverless technology can cut that number by 90% bringing it down to
about 1300.
i. Comment on the average 90% accuracy of autonomous vehicles, is it acceptable? In your
view how would Nairobians respond if even one life is lost in the name of a machine on
the road by itself? (2 marks)
ii. Comment on how crucial Technology Law & Ethics can help fix pressing issues that AI as
a powerful technology presents such as the one above by suggesting any three amendments
that you can propose (3 marks)
C. Discuss FOUR major ways on how and why both Governments and Businesses are interested in
Artificial Intelligence giving examples of practical AI applications that are of interest (4 marks)

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