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4 —Pearl S. Buck
About the Author
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (1892 – 1973), also known
by her Chinese name Sai Zhenzhu, was an American
writer and novelist. As the daughter of missionaries,
Buck spent most of her life before 1934 in Zhenjiang,
China. She wrote about Chinese people, their
attitude and customs.
Her novel ‘The Good Earth’ won a Nobel Prize in
literature for her. Buck had a humanistic attitude
to the problems of life.
She felt that while nations were at war, individuals
were humans and they could feel for others. After
returning to the United States in 1935, she continued
writing prolifically and became a prominent advocate
of the rights of women and minority groups.
Theme
The Enemy deals with the conflict between Man’s
humane feelings and the prejudices created by
nations at war. It deals with the universal human
values which must take precedence over narrow
considerations like nationalism. The bond uniting
all human beings must transcend the difference
between nations.
Justification of the Title
‘The Enemy’ is an apt title with the Second World
War as the background. Dr. Sadao, being a skilled
surgeon saved the life of an escaped American
prisoner of war, his enemy, who was wounded
seriously and had been washed ashore. Torn between
his duty and his integrity as a doctor, he chooses to
save the enemy’s life first and then hand him over to
the police. His inner conflict and professional ethics
makes him choose the first option. His servants too,
desert him for fear of getting into trouble. He is fully
aware of the fact that harbouring a prisoner of war
would endanger his own life as well.
The docor’s professional ethics urge him to treat the
‘enemy’as a patient. Neither Dr. Sadao nor Hana, at
any stage consider him their friend. Yet they treat
him as a fellow human being should be treated. The
title is therefore appropriate.
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Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
The Enemy
Message
The author advocates universal brotherhood and
highlights that service to the wounded is the best
service to humanity. The story underlines the
message that doctors have no nationality. They must
rise above all petty issues like Sadao did and make all
possible efforts to save human life. It highlights the
dilemma faced by the doctor between his professional
duty and his loyality to his country.
The theme of racism is reflected in the story in
several ways. When Sadao recalls how he met Hana,
he remembers that he didn’t become serious with
her until he was sure that she “had been pure in her
race” because otherwise his father wouldn’t have
approved. Yumi refused to touch the American, let
alone wash him before the operation, and when he
left she “cleaned the guest room thoroughly…to get
the white man’s smell out of it.” Sadao has strong
feelings about white people. He thinks that they
are “repulsive” and that “it was a relief to be openly
at war with them at last.” He also believed that
Americans were full of prejudice, and it had been
bitter to live there, knowing himself their superior.
With the backdrop of Second World War, the author
highlights the horrors of war by portraying the
helpless American sailor,who was tortured.
Summary
‘The Enemy’ tells the story of a Japanese doctor
who hates Americans as a patriotic Japanease
as America and Japan were at war. One day an
American prisoner of war is washed ashore in front
of a Japanese doctor’s house. The soldier is wounded
and has evidently escaped from prison.
Dr. Sadao’s house was a solitary house on the sea-
shore. Dr. Sadao and Hana ran to help. The American
sailor was bleeding. They thought of throwing him
back into the sea. But they could not do so. Dr. Sadao
carried him home. Hana washes the soldier as Yumi,
the servant, refused to do so.
Sadao operates on the American. He returned with
his surgeons’s emergency bag. He turned over the
wounded soldier who lay unconscious. He washed
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his back and asked Hana to help him. He wanted
Hana to give the patient the anesthetic. Hana had
never seen an operation and she felt like vomiting.
Sadao saw the bullet in the wound. Hana observed
that there were red scars on the soldier’s neck and
realised that he had been tortured. Sadao removed
the bullet from the wound and declared that the
American would survive.
Sadao and Hana look after the American. But the
servants were becoming restless. The gardener felt
the prisoner should have been allowed to bleed to
death.
On the seventh day the servants leave Sadao’s house.
They did not work that morning.Hana paid them
their wages.
They cried as they left. Hana held back her tears.
The gardener was there since he was a boy. Yumi
was attached to the children. Hana had to do all the
household work on her own. Hana wanted Sadao to
get rid of the American quickly. Sadao promised to
do something about it. In the evening a messenger
in uniform arrived. Hana was paralysed with fright.
She felt the servants must have complained and the
messenger had come to arrest Sadao. The fears were
unfounded as the old general had been suffering from
an ailment. Sadao had been treating him and the
general was in pain and had sent for him.
The general trusted Sadao. He knew he might need
to be operated upon. That is why Sadao was not sent
away with the troops. Sadao told the general about
the American. The general replied that Sadao was
indispensable and could not be arrested.
Then the General suggested a way out. He would
send two of his private assassins to his house to kill
the American quietly and remove the body. Sadao
agreed to the plan.
Sadao waited for three nights. No assassins arrived.
The American was getting better. He thanked Sadao.
Sadao found it difficult to keep the American in his
house any longer.
He was tired of waiting for the assassins to do away
with the American prisoner.Dr Sadao decided to
help him to escape. Sadao provided him with his
boat. He put food water, and a quilt in his boat. He
also gave the American his flashlight. There was an
uninhabited island very close to the shore.
He told the American to sail to the island. He could
live there till he found a Korean fishing boat pass by
the island.
Then he could seek help and escape to freedom. He
warned the American not to make any fire. He could
catch fish and eat it raw.
Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
It was a moonless night when the American sailed
away to the island. Sadao was again called by the
general. He operated on the general. Sadao told the
general that the prisoner had escaped. The general
recalled that he had failed to send the assassins as
he had forgotten to keep his promise.
He added that it was not because of lack of patriotism
nor dereliction of duty. He was simply absorbed in
his own affairs.
Sadao realized that he was safe. But he assured the
general that he would ever remain loyal to him.
As the American had left, all the servants returned.
Things came back to normal.Sadao remembered the
American and hated him. But did not know why he
had saved the prisoner’s life.
CHAPTER IN A NUTSHELL
Dream of Sadao’s Father
Took him to the islands and said they were ‘stepping
stones’ to the future of Japan. Sadao realized education
is important. At 22 went to America to study surgery
and medicine. Returned at 30, as a famous surgeon
and scientist.
Trusted by general-so not sent with troops.
Meeting between Hana and Sadao
By chance. At professor Harley’s house in America.
Professor and wife kind, helped foreign students. Sadao
met Hana there. Married after completion of studies.
Marriage finalised in the traditional way, after his
father had seen her. Happy together.
Appearance of American Soldier
Hana and Sadao leaning on railing, one foggy evening,
saw man crawling on hands and knees. Fell on face.
Rushed thinking –fisherman. Saw a white man with
reopened gun shot wound, badly hurt. US Navy insignia
on tattered uniform- realised he was a prisoner of war.
Dilemma of Sadao
As a doctor he should attend to a dying man and stop
the bleeding.
As a patriotic person he should put him back in the sea
or hand him over to the authorities.
Decided not to be callous and took him in.
Risks
Would be arrested for sheltering an enemy- a white
man, would endanger the lives of their children.
Reaction of Servants
Frightened. Felt they should not heal him – gardener
felt he should die or he’d take revenge. Cook felt pride
in his skill made him save the American soldier. Felt
their years in America had made forget to think of their
country first. Left on the seventh day.
Hana’s Role
Washed him. Helped Sadao operate. Gave anaesthesia.
Felt nauseated but continued.
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General Takima— Cruel Man
Known to beat his wife mercilessly. Hana feared how
he would deal with an enemy. Retained Sadao in Japan
as he could need an operation.
Reaction to Information about the Fugitive
Felt reassured Sadao had capability to save. Wanted to
save doctor as he would need his services. Suggested he
would send two private assassins at night-capable men,
familiar with the trick of inward bleeding, would take
the soldier’s body away too. Sadao waited three nights,
realised General had forgotten.
General party to guilt
Sadao gets hold on him. Convinces Sadao- not lack of
patriotism or dereliction of duty – was self absorbed as
he was suffering. Promised to reward Sadao.
Sadao helps American Escape
Put his boat on the shore at night, with food, bottled
water, extra quilts and extra clothing. Told him to row
to an island near the coast. He instructed him to stay
there till a Korean fishing boat was seen passing by.
Gave him a flashlight- Instructed him to signal with
two flashes before sunset, if he ran out of food. Warned
him to eat fish raw, as cooking over fire would be noticed.
Wrapped a black cloth about his blond head and dressed
him in Japanese clothes.
Sadao’s Recollection of Americans
Recalled other white faces:
(i) professor at whose house he met Hana.
(ii) his teacher of Anatomy.
(iii) his fat landlady. Recalled how difficult it was
to find a place to live in as Americans were
prejudiced-had been difficult to live amidst
such feelings. As a Japanese he felt he was
superior. Hated the ignorant, dirty woman who
rented him a room and looked after him when
he was sick. He despised her and could not feel
grateful to her. He felt he found all white faces,
disgusting and wondered why he could not kill
the prisoner.
Humanitarian considerations override man made
barriers of culture and nationality.
Difference in the reaction of Sadao, Hana and
the Servants
Servants – simple, superstitious, patriotic-consider
harbouring an enemy to be a crime.
Fear for lives, insular. Do not understand higher level
of reasoning, humanitarian considerations.
Sadao and Hana – Had been exposed to other
nationalities, more tolerant. Feel it is unethical
for a doctor to let a person die if he can be saved. Even
an enemy is a human being first.
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Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
Type I. Refe ence o on ex
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Read the extracts given below and attempt the
questions that follow:
1. Dr Sadao Hoki’s house was built on a spot of
the Japanese coast where as a little boy he had
often played. The low, square stone house was
set upon rocks well above a narrow beach that
was outlined with bent pines. As a boy Sadao
had climbed the pines, supporting himself on his
bare feet, as he had seen men do in the South
Seas when they climbed for coconuts. His father
had taken him often to the islands of those seas,
and never had he failed to say to the little brave
boy at his side, ‘‘Those islands yonder, they are
the stepping stones to the future for Japan.’’
‘‘Where shall we step from them?’’ Sadao had
asked seriously. ‘‘Who knows?’’ his father had
answered. ‘‘Who can limit our future? It depends
on what we make it.’’
Questions
(i) Who is referred to as ‘he’ in the above extract?
(ii) What had Sadao climbed as a boy?
(a) coconut trees (b) palm trees
(c) pines (d) walls
(iii) Where did Sadao’s father often take him?
(a) coast (b) islands
(c) Japan (d) USA
(iv) What did Sadoa’s father say to Sadao about the
islands?
Answers
(i) In this extract ‘he’ refers to Dr. Sadao
Hoki.
(ii) (c) pines (iii) (b) islands
(iv) Sadao’s father said to Sadao that islands
yonder were the stepping stones to the future
for Japan.
2. It was at this moment that both of them saw
something black come out of the mists. It was a
man. He was flung up out of the ocean — flung,
it seemed, to his feet by a breaker. He staggered
a few steps, his body outlined against the mist,
his arms above his head. Then the curled mists
hid him again. ‘‘Who is that?’’ Hana cried. She
dropped Sadao’s arm and they both leaned over
the railing of the veranda. Now they saw him
again. The man was on his hands and knees
crawling. Then they saw him fall on his face and
lie there.
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Questions (iii) Sadao understood that the General was obliged
(i) Hana cried, “Who’s that?” This reveals her to him and as a consequence, he himself was
............ . safe.
(a) concern (b) anger (iv) (b) It was not lack of patriotism.
(c) anxiety (d) hope 4. Thus agreed, together they lifted the man. He
(ii) Who was ‘flung out’ of the ocean? was very light, like a fowl that had been half-
(iii) The phrase, “...his body outlined against the starved for a long time until it is only feathers
mist,” means ............ . and skeleton. So, his arms hanging, they carried
(a) his body was covered with mist him up the steps and into the side door of the
(b) his body seemed flowing in the mist house. This door opened into a passage, and
(c) his body was going against the direction of down the passage they carried the man towards
the mist an empty bedroom. It had been the bedroom of
(d) his body was slightly visible in the mist Sadao’s father, and since his death it had not
been used. They laid the man on the deeply
(iv) What does the expression “flung up out of the
ocean” suggest? matted floor. Everything here had been Japanese
to please the old man, who would never in his
Answers
own home sit on a chair or sleep in a foreign bed.
(i) (a) concern Hana went to the wall cupboards and slid back
(ii) A man was flung out of the ocean. a door and took out a soft quilt. She hesitated.
(iii) (d) his body was slightly visible in the mist The quilt was covered with flowered silk and the
(iv) It suggests crawling out of the ocean. lining was pure white silk.
3. I wondered, Your Excellency,” Sadao murmured.
Questions
“It was certainly very careless of me,” the
(i) Who is being talked about in the extract?

General said. “But you understand it was not
lack of patriotism or dereliction of duty.” He (ii) ‘She hesitated’ means that Hana didn’t want to
looked anxiously at his doctor. “If the matter ............ .
should come out you would understand that, (a) carry the wounded man as he had a limp
wouldn’t you?” leg
“Certainly, Your Excellency,” Sadao said. He (b) use her silk as he was their guest

suddenly comprehended that the General was in
(c) use her white silk as the man was bleeding
the palm of his hand and that as a consequence
he himself was perfectly safe. “I swear to your (d) share her stuff
loyalty. Excellency,” he said to the old General, (iii) “his arms hanging” indicated the state of the
“and to your zeal against the enemy.” man. Pick the option that correctly tells his
Questions state.
(1) Unconscious (2) Weak
(i) What was ‘carless’ of the General?
(3) Strong (4) Rebellious
(ii) What would happen if the matter should
(5) Calm (6) Conscious
come out?
(a) (1) and (2) (b) (2) and (3)
(iii) What did Sadao comprehend?
(c) (5) and (6) (d) (4) and (5)
(iv) What did the General want Sadao to understand?
(iv) They laid the man on the
(a) It was his illness.
(a) shore (b) hospital bed
(b) It was not lack of patriotism.
(c) matted floor (d) veranda
(c) It was dereliction of duty.
(d) he did not have the assassins. Answers
Answers (i) The injured man is being talked about in the
above extract.
(i) The General had promised Dr Sadao that he
would send his personal assassins to eliminate (ii) (c) use her white silk as the man was bleeding
the enemy. (iii) (a) (1) and (2)
(ii) The General would be accused of not performing (iv) (a) shore
his duty and showing lack of patriotism by not 5. She had the bottle and some cotton in her
arresting the POW. hand. “But how shall I do it?” she asked.
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“Simply saturate the cotton and hold it near weeks it had not been cut, and upon his young
his nostrils,” Sadao replied without delaying and tortured face was a rough yellow beard. He
for one moment the intricate detail of his work. was unconscious and knew nothing that they did
“When he breathes badly move it away a little.” for him. Now Sadao remembered the wound, and
She crouched close to the sleeping face of the with his expert fingers he began to search for it.
young American. It was a piteously thin face, Blood flowed freshly at his touch. On the right
she thought, and the lips were twisted. The side of his lower back Sadao saw that a gun wound
man was suffering whether he knew it or not. had been reopened. The flesh was blackened
Watching him, she wondered if the stories they with powder. Sometime, not many days ago, the
heard sometimes of the sufferings of prisoners man had been shot and had not been tended.
were true. They came like flickers of rumour, It was bad chance that the rock had struck the
told by word of mouth and always contradicted. wound.
In the newspapers the reports were always that
wherever the Japanese armies went the people Questions
received them gladly, with cries of joy at their (i) Who does ‘white man’ refer to here?
liberation. (ii) Hana’s remark “A white man!” on seeing the
Questions white man indicated what she was feeling. Pick
(i) What is Hana doing the option that correctly states her feeling.
(a) cleaning up the wounded soldier 1. Horror 2. Shocked
(b) helping Sadao. 3. Unfamiliar 4. Annoyed
(c) watching the wounded soldier (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(d) observing the wounded soldier (c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
(ii) Which of these questions does Hana start (iii) How did the white man’s face appear?
reflecting on in the extract? (a) Old (b) Tortured
(a) Why did men like the young American (c) Fresh (d) Annoyed
choose to fight? (iv) Why didn’t he know the presence of Dr Sadao
(b) What should she and her husband do about and Hana?
the enemy? (a) As he was sleeping.
(c) Is the Japanese army actually emerging

(b) As he was pretending to be unconscious.
victorious or is it all fake news?
(c) As he was unconscious.
(d) How different was the reality of prisoners
(d) None of these.
from what she was led to believe?
Answers
(iii) What did Hana observe about the young
(i) Here ‘white man’ refers to an American
American
prisoner of war.
(a) he was breathing badly
(ii) (a) 1 and 2
(b) the man was suffering
(iii) (b) Tortured
(c) he was young and strong
(iv) (c) As he was unconscious.
(d) he was a repulsive American
(iv) How do Hana and Sadao react to the situation Type II. Tex -Based Ques ons

t
ti
of the wounded man?
Answers I. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) (b) helping Sadao.
1. The name of the main character in ‘The
(ii) (d) How different was the reality of prisoners Enemy’ is
from what she was led to believe?
(a) Dr. Huen Tsang (b) Dr. Sadao Hoki
(iii) (b) the man was suffering (c) Dr. Chung Wa (c) Dr. Hao Chi
(iv) Hana is confused about it but Sadao is confident 2. ‘Those islands yonder, they are the stepping
about it. stones to the future for Japan’. These words
6. “A white man!” Hana whispered. Yes, it was a were spoken by Sadao’s
white man. The wet cap fell away and there was (a) father (b) mother
his wet yellow hair, long, as though for many (c) nephew (d) wife

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3. The chief concern for Sadao’s father was (b) throw him back in the sea
(a) Sadao’s wedding (c) hand him over to the police
(b) Sadao’s education (d) make him unconscious
(c) Sadao’s migration 17. The wounded soldier belonged to

(d) Sadao’s treatment (a) The Russian army

4. Sadao went to America when he was (b) U.S. Navy
(a) 42 years old (b) 22 years old (c) The British army

(c) 50 years old (d) 18 years old (d) The Japanese army

5. Sadao went to America to learn 18. Sadao and Hana decided to take the soldier
(a) psychiatry (a) inside their house

(b) surgery and medicine (b) to the police station
(c) music (c) to the movie theatre
(d) fine arts (d) to the park
6. Sadao became not only a surgeon but also 19. Both Sadao and Hana thought that keeping
(a) an astronomer (b) a scientist the wounded soldier in their house would
(c) a pianist (d) a vocalist (a) win them a reward

7. He was not sent abroad with the troops (b) endanger all of them
because (c) arouse police suspicion
(a) the General needed an operation (d) make the servants angry
(b) his wife did not let him go 20. The soldier was kept in
(c) he wanted to stay back (a) Sadao’s guestroom
(d) his father did not allow him to go (b) Sadao’s father’s room
(c) Sadao’s servant quarter
8. Sadao’s wife’s name was
(d) Sadao’s study room
(a) Mary (b) Hana
(c) Christine (d) Judy 21. The first treatment Sadao gave the wounded
soldier was
9. Sadao met his wife in
(a) his wounds were washed
(a) Japan (b) China
(b) he was operated upon
(c) America (d) India
(c) he was fed
10. Sadao had met Hana at the house of

(d) his wounds were dressed
(a) a friend (b) a student
22. Hana wanted the soldier to be washed by
(c) his American professor
(a) the servant Yumi (b) the grandfather

(d) a cousin (c) the policeman (d) the security guard
11. Sadao and his wife had

23. The reaction of the servants when told about
(a) two children (b) one child the injured person was
(c) three children (d) no children (a) they got angry
12. When the body of the soldier was washed (b) they were frightened
ashore, Sadao was with

(c) they were willing to help
(a) his servants (b) his guard (d) they ran away
(c) his wife (d) his kids 24. The servants wanted the master
13. At first Sadao thought, he was a (a) to operate upon the soldier
(a) fisherman (b) a criminal (b) to heal the wounds
(c) a politician (d) a singer (c) to throw him in the sea
14. The man found by Sadao and Hana was (d) to let him just die

(a) a white man (b) a black man 25. When Yumi, the servant refused to help Hana
(c) a Japanese (d) an Anglo-Indian told her that
15. The soldier had been (a) she could get out of the house
(a) stabbed (b) shot (b) go back to the baby’s room
(c) beaten up (d) slapped hard (c) go and cook food
16. Sadao at first decided to (d) she and Sadao would hand him over as a
(a) treat the soldier prisoner after making him conscious

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26. Sadao was assisted during the operation by (a) the servant (b) the General
(a) Yumi (b) Hana (c) Sadao (d) Hana
(c) his gardener (d) his driver 38. The messenger had come to Sadao’s house
27. While Sadao was operating upon the wounded (a) to arrest him
soldier, Hana had to rush out to (b) to arrest the prisoner
(a) drink water (c) to arrest Hana

(b) rest for awhile (d) to call Sadao to the old General’s house
(c) to vomit (retch) 39. The General only wanted Sadao to operate
(d) to check on the babies upon him because
28. Hana assisted Sadao in giving the soldier (a) The Sadao was very skilled
(a) anesthetic (b) The General did not like any other doctor
(a) artificial respiration (c) The General was his close friend
(c) dressing the wound (d) The General did not want to go abroad for
(d) removing the bullet from the body surgery
29. Sadao removed the bullet from close to 40. The General wanted to send his private
soldier’s assassins to Sadao’s house to
(a) heart (b) liver (a) kill Hana (b) kill Sadao
(c) kidney (d) lungs (c) kill the prisoner (d) kill the gardener
30. Sadao kept addressing the soldier as 41. When the assassins did not come, Sadao
(a) my enemy (b) my comrade decided to
(c) my buddy (d) my friend (a) kill the prisoner himself
31. The recovering soldier was fed by (b) help him to escape
(a) Sadao (b) Sadao’s servant (c) hand him over to the police
(c) Yumi (d) Hana (d) send him to America
32. Sadao had to shout at the soldier of the third 42. The escape for Sadao would be in
day because
(a) a Korean fishing boat
(a) he had gone out of the room
(b) a Russian fishing boat
(b) he was sitting up
(c) a Chinese fishing boat
(c) he was reading a newspaper
(d) a Japanese fishing boat
(d) he was talking to Yumi
43. The young prisoner was asked to flash the
33. All the servants in Sadao’s household
light if food ran out
(a) were happy with their master
(a) twice (b) thrice
(b) felt that he deserved a reward
(c) once (d) not at all
(c) were very critical of him
44. He told the prisoner to eat only
(d) wanted him to let the soldier die
(a) raw fish (b) ripe fruit
34. The name of the prisoner as told to Hana was
(c) cooked food (d) raw vegetables
(a) Tom (b) Dick
(c) Harry (d) John 45. Sadao made the prisoner dress up in
35. The day Sadao opened the soldier’s stitches, (a) Korean clothes (b) Chinese clothes
he (c) Indian clothes (d) Japanese clothes
(a) called the police 46. The General, in not sending the assassins, had
been

(b) typed out a letter to the Chief of Police
(c) made him run away (a) unpatriotic
(d) tied him up (b) patriotic
36. On the seventh day after the operation (c) selfish for himself
(a) all the servants of Sadao left together (d) helpful towards Sadao
(b) the police raided the house 47. Sadao got his reward when
(c) the prisoner ran away (a) the prisoner could escape
(d) Sadao told the General about the prisoner (b) when he got an award from the government
37. ‘Why are we different from other Japanese?’, (c) when his servants returned
this was said by (d) when his wife appreciated him
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48. Sadao had been a victim in America, of 46. (c) selfish for himself
(a) racial prejudice (b) unruly mob 47. (a) the prisoner could escape
(c) impartial teachers 48. (a) racial prejudice
(d) unfriendly classmates 49. (a) she nursed him through influenza
49. The American landlady had once helped Sadao
II. Short Answer Questions
when


(a) she nursed him through influenza 1. Why did the author say that Dr. Sadao was
(b) she gave him food for a month also famous as a scientist?
(c) she had mended his clothes Ans. Dr. Sadao was also famous as a scientist
(d) had not taken rent for a month because he had perfected a discovery which
Answer could render wounds entirely clean.
1. (b) Dr. Sadao Hoki 2. (a) father 2. Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad with the
3. (b) Sadao’s education 4. (b) 22 years old troops?
5. (b) surgery and medicine Ans. He was not sent abroad for two reasons.
6. (b) A scientist He had perfected a discovery which
7. (a) The General who needed an operation would render wounds entirely clean. Moreover,
the General was in some sort of danger and
8. (b) Hana
might have needed an operation and Dr. Sadao
9. (c) America
was the most skilled doctor available.
10. (c) his American professor
3. How did Hana come into the life of Sadao?
11. (a) Two children
Ans. Sadao had met Hana at his professor’s house
12. (c) his wife 13. (a) fisherman
in America. She had also gone there to study.
14. (a) A white man
He had liked her but they had both fallen in
15. (b) Shot love with each other after making sure that
16. (b) throw him back in the sea they belonged to the same background and
17. (b) U.S Navy that they were ‘pure’ Japanese. Sadao married
18. (a) inside their house her with the approval of his father.
19. (b) endanger all of them 4. Who was the person they saw while standing
20. (b) Sadao’s father’s room in the verandah? What had happened to him?
21. (a) his wounds were washed Ans. Sadao and his wife were standing in the
22. (a) the servant Yumi verandah when they saw a man who had
23. (b) they were frightened been flung up out of the ocean by a wave. At
24. (d) to let him just die first they thought him to be a fisherman but
25. (d) she and Sadao would hand him over as a on looking closely they realised that it was a
prisoner after making him conscious white man with long yellow hair. His young
26. (b) Hana face had a rough yellow beard. He was an
27. (c) to vomit (retch) 28. (a) Anesthetic American prisoner of war who had escaped.
29. (c) kidney 30. (d) my friend He was injured badly, was unconscious and
was bleeding profusely.
31. (d) Hana
32. (b) he was sitting up 5. What did the doctor do on seeing him in
dreadful state?
33. (c) were very critical of him
34. (a) Tom Ans. Sadao tried to staunch the fearful bleeding.
He packed the wound with the sea moss that
35. (b) he typed out a letter to the Chief of Police
was lying near by on the beach. After seeing
36. (a) all the servants of Sadao left together
the miserable condition of the injured man, he
37. (d) Hana in consultation with his wife decided to take
38. (d) to call Sadao to the old General’s house him home.
39. (a) Sadao was very skilled 6. What was the dilemma for them?
40. (c) kill the prisoner
Ans. The dilemma they faced was that if they
41. (b) help him to escape sheltered the white man, they would be
42. (a) a Korean fishing boat arrested and if they turned him over as a
43. (a) twice 44. (a) raw fish prisoner he would certainly die. He had lost a
45. (d) Japanese clothes lot of blood due to a bullet injury. He required
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immediate surgery. The man belonged to the
enemy’s army and they were contemplating
whether to save him.
7. How did they come to know him as an
American?
Ans. They examined his battered cap closely and
realized that he was a sailor from an American
warship. The words ‘U.S Navy’ were written
on the cap in almost faint lettering. They
realized that he was an escaped prisoner of
war.
8. Why did they not put him back into the sea?
Ans. They were not able to bring themselves to
drop him back into the sea because of their
compassionate and humane nature. Moreover,
Sadao, being a doctor himself knew how to
save lives and thought it unethical to let the
soldier die if he could prevent it.
9. Why were they afraid of taking him to their
house?
Ans. Dr. Sadao and his wife Hana were afraid
of taking him to their house because of the
servants who would refuse to work for them
for the fear of getting into trouble themselves.
They were afraid of harboring a prisoner of
war and knew that the servants would talk.
10. How did Yumi react when Hana asked her to
obey the command of her master?
Ans. Yumi had refused to wash the white man
saying that she had never done such a thing
before and would not do it now especially for
this man who was so dirty. But when Hana
asked her to obey the master, there was a
fierce look of resistance upon her face. She
said she would have nothing to do with him
and that it was not her business to clean him.
11. Why did Hana remember such men as General
Takima?
Ans. Hana was looking at the recovering young
soldier when she remembered General Takima
whose triumphs on the battlefield were not
worth remembering in comparison to the cruel
treatment he gave to his wife. If a man like the
General could be cruel to his wife, he would
be very harsh to an escaped soldier like this
American.
12. What did Dr. Sadao say when the soldier asked
him what he was going to do with him?
Ans. Dr. Sadao answered by confessing that
he himself didn’t know what he would do
with him. He thought perhaps he would hand
him over to the police as he was a prisoner of
war.
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Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
13. Why were, according to the servants, Dr.
Sadao and his wife saving the American?
Ans. The cook of Dr. Sadao declared that the young
master was so proud of his skill as a doctor
that he would save any life. Yumi even told
Hana that they would not stay if they would
continue to hide the man. She accused Sadao
and Hana of having a soft corner for Americans
after staying in America and having forgotten
to think their own country first.
14. What did the gardener say about his master?
Ans. The gardener who had worked with flowers
in Sadao’s house all his life, said that the old
master’s son knew very well what he ought
to do. He said that the master shouldn’t have
saved the enemy but let him bleed when the
young man was so near death.
15. What did the cook say about his master?
Ans. The cook said with some contempt that the
young master was so proud of his skill to save
lives that he saves any life even if it was an
enemy in this case.
16. What did the letter of Dr. Sadao mean?
Ans. Dr.Sadao had led the prisoner on the road to
recovery. One day he went to his office and
typed a letter to the chief of police reporting
the whole matter. He just mentioned that he
had found the escaped prisoner in front of his
house on the 21st of February. He could not
bring himself to complete this confession and
so, left it in his drawer. He was a law abiding
citizen.
17. What happened on the seventh day after Dr.
Sadao had typed the letter?
Ans. Two things happened on the day the letter was
typed. The cook, the gardener and Yumi had
packed up their belongings and left together.
Though the servants cried, Hana put up a
brave front. The second thing that happened
was the arrival of a messenger to tell Sadao
that he had been called to the palace as the
general was in pain again.
18. How did Hana feel when she saw a messenger
in official uniform?
Ans. Her hands went weak and she could not
draw her breath. She thought the servants
had already told the police about the young
prisoner they were harboring. She ran to Sadao
gasping and unable to utter a word. They were
relieved to know that the messenger had come
to deliver a message from the general.
19. Why was the general not in favor of Sadao’s
arrest?
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Ans. Sadao’s skill at operating on the prisoner with
success, made the general believe only more
firmly that he was indispensable to him. He
did not want to have him arrested because
Sadao was the only person who could save him
if he had another of his attacks and required
an operation.
20. What were the two foreign elements the
General wanted Dr. Sadao to combine?
Ans. The General wanted Dr. Sadao to combine
the German ruthlessness with the American
sentimentality. Then only he would be able to
turn over the prisoner for execution and yet
not murder the General while he was being
operated. His unusual sense of humor made
him say this to Sadao.
21. What did the General suggest to get rid of the
American?
Ans. The General suggested that the prisoner could
be quietly killed by his own private assassins.
He would send two of them to Sadao’s house
and all he had to do was to leave the outer
partition of the white man’s room open while
he was sleeping. He even offered to have the
body removed quietly.
22. Did the plan to kill the American succeed?
Why or why not?
Ans. For three consecutive nights Sadao kept
awake, feeling a little disturbed but all the
three nights no assassins came and the young
prisoner was still there. Later the General
confessed to Sadao that he had forgotten his
promise of having the prisoner killed because
he was preoccupied with his own sufferings.
The plan did not succeed.
23. Did Dr. Sadao take Hana into confidence in
the matter of the plan? Why or why not?
Ans. Dr Sadao did not tell Hana about the plan
of the General to send his private assassins
to kill the young prisoner and dispose off his
body. He did this because he knew she was
timid and would feel very frightened while the
plan was being executed.
24. What did Sadao do to get rid of the American
soldier?
Ans. Sadao decided to help the American soldier to
escape to safety. He told him to go to an island
nearby and wait for a Korean fishing boat to
pass by. He even gave him a boat, some food
and bottled water. He kept two quilts for him
and gave him clear instructions so that this
plan would not fail.
Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
25. What measures did Sadao take for the safety
of the American?
Ans. He gave the American a stout boat, put
food, bottled water and two quilts in it. He
returned to the prisoner’s room, checked his
temperature, the condition of his wound, his
heart and his pulse. He decided to even give
him his flashlight after a bit of hesitation. He
told him how to catch fish and then use the
flashlight to signal to him if he needed food
etc.
26. Why was Sadao not able to ask the General
about the assassins?
Ans. Sadao did not ask the General about the
assassins because he knew that they had
never come. He had operated upon the General
and had not been sure if he would live. But
the General himself confessed that he was so
pre-occupied with his own health that he had
forgotten his promise to have the prisoner
killed by assassins.
27. How did the American behave while departing?
Ans. The young man first tried to understand all
the instructions given to him by Sadao and
then dressed in the Japanese clothes Sadao
had given him, he shook his hand warmly and
left for the island from which he had to escape.
28. The General wanted to reward Sadao. But
Sadao had another reward. What was that
reward?
Ans. The General had wanted to reward Sadao for
his loyalty but at the same time Sadao knew
that he had the general in the palm of his
hand, for the latter too, had shown dereliction
of duty. Sadao was rewarded in a different way
by destiny. His prisoner was able to escape to
safety on the very first night. All his efforts
had borne fruit.
29. How does the writer indicate that Dr. Sadao’s
father was a very traditional and conventional
man?
Ans. Even though Sadao’s father had sent his
son to America at the age of twenty-two to
learn all that could be learned in surgery
and medicine, he loved the Japanese race,
customs and manners. Sadao married
Hana only after confirming that she was
a Japanese, as his father would not have
received her unless she had been pure in
her race.
30. Hana told Yumi to wash the soldier. How did
Yumi react? What did Hana do?
Ans. Hana told Yumi to fetch hot water. Yumi put
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down the wooden bucket, but refused to wash
the dirty white man. Yumi said that she had
never washed a white man and she would not
wash a dirty one. Yumi added that she was a
poor person and did not want to associate with
the man. The fierce look of resistance upon
Yumi’s dull face made Hana afraid. Under
these circumstances, Hana had no option but
to wash the white man herself.
31. How did Hana wash the wounded man?
Ans. First, Hana untied the knotted rugs that kept
the young American covered. She dipped a
small clean towel into the steaming hot water
and washed his face. She continued washing
him until the upper body was clean. She
cleaned him but refrained from turning him
over for fear of the wound.
32. What did Sadao learn about the white man’s
wound?
Ans. The young prisoner of war was unconscious.
There was a gun-wound that had been
reopened on the right side of his lower back.
The flesh was blackened with powder. The
man had been shot recently and in his attempt
to escape, a rock had struck the wound and
reopened it. Later Sadao felt the bullet in the
wound. The bleeding was not superficial and
the young man had lot a lot of blood. The bullet
was near the kidney.
33. What forced Dr. Sadao to be impatient and
irritable with his patient?
Ans. Hana had never seen an operation and went
outside to throw up. Sado heard Hana retching
in the garden and said that it would be better
for her to empty her stomach. Her distress
and his inability to go to her at once made him
impatient and irritable with the American
prisoner of war.
34. How did Hana help Sadao during the operation?
Ans. As the young American began to stir he
had to be administed the anaesthetic. She
took the bottle and some cotton in her hand.
Sadao instructed her to saturate the cotton
with anaesthetic and hold it near the man’s
nostrils. She had to move it away a little when
he breathed badly.
35. What did Sadao’s old American professor of
Anatomy tell him?
Ans. Sadao’s old American professor of Anatomy
told his students that ignorance of the human
body was the surgeon’s cardinal sin. He would
impress upon them to have as complete
knowledge of the body as if they had made it.
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Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
To operate with anything less than that meant
murder.
36. Why does Sadao wonder why he could not kill
the young enemy?
Ans. Sadao found it strange that he had spared
his enemy. The Americans were full of
prejudice and he found it bitter to live
there. The white people were repulsive
even in their kindness. Yet he had operated
upon the enemy and let him escape. As a
trained medical practitioner, Sadao had
risen above narrow prejudices to save the
enemy’s life.
III. Long Answer Questions

1. Dr. Sadao’s character is an amalgamation of
right and wrong. Discuss.
Ans. The Enemy’, by Pearl S. Buck portrays the
character of an American trained Japanese
surgeon, Dr. Sadao Hoki. Through his
character, the author has shown a conflict of
ethics between duty towards the country and
compassion towards mankind.
Dr. Sadao, being a skilled surgeon saved the
life of an escaped American prisoner of war
who was wounded seriously and had been
washed ashore. Torn between his duty and his
integrity as a doctor, he chooses to save his life
first and then hand him over to the police. His
inner conflict and professional ethics makes
him choose the first option. His servants too,
desert him for fear of getting into trouble. He
is fully aware of the fact that harbouring a
prisoner of war would endanger his own life
as well.
Dr. Sadao had been a victim of racial prejudice
during his stay in America. He was well-
known for his skill as a surgeon, in his own
country so much so, that he had not been sent
with the troops during war. His character, as
the story unfolds, depicts an amalgamation of
right and wrong. He ignores the ‘wrong’ but
assumes the role of a compassionate human
being and takes the ‘right’ decision of saving
the soldier’s life. All through his effort, he has
the undaunted support of his wife Hana.
The General gave him assurance to get
rid of the prisoner but forgot his promise.
Eventually, Sadao helps him to escape. He
goes to the extent of calling him ‘my friend’.
He rose above narrow prejudices and political
enmity, disregarded the lurking dangers and
open defiance of his loyal servants to help the
‘enemy’ escape. He has transcended racial/
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political hatred and had heard the voice of his
conscience.
2. While hatred against a member of the enemy
race is justifiable, especially during war time,
what makes a human being rise above narrow
prejudices?
Ans. ‘The Enemy’ by Pearl S. Buck raises a few
important issues. Call of duty towards nation
versus call of duty towards one’s profession,
is the major issue in the story. Dr. Sadao
rescued a wounded prisoner of war who was
washed ashore. The prisoner, in a dying state,
according to his call of duty, should have been
handed over to the police yet his profession
and his humanitarianism prevented him from
doing so. He resolved to treat him first and
then hand him over. However, the patient
needed immediate surgery and despite all
odds against him, Dr. Sadao went ahead and
operated upon him, thus saving his life yet
being a traitor to his own country.
His domestic servants deserted him out of
fear but he rose above narrow prejudices
to save the wounded American soldier. Not
only that, he helped the soldier to escape to
freedom after having nurtured him to good
health. He proved, in the end, that emotions,
prejudices and hatred are man-made but love,
compassion for human beings was instinctive.
One needs to do one’s duty towards fellow
human beings before anything else.
3. What did Dr. Sadao do to get rid of his enemy?
Ans. Sadao’s first reaction on seeing the young
wounded prisoner of war was to search for
the wound and pack it with sea moss. He then
told Hana that the best thing that they could
do was to put him back in the sea. But since
he was wounded, Sadao felt they should not
throw him back to the sea. He operated on the
man successfully.
During his meeting with the General,
Dr. Sadao told him about the prisoner of war.
The General promised to send his private
assassins to kill the man silently and would
even remove the body. Sadao had left the outer
partition of the white man’s room open. He
waited for three nights and then Sadao grew
restless.
He devised the plan of letting the man escape
to the nearest uninhabited island. He first
made sure that the young man, Tom, was
completely healed. He offered to put his boat
on the shore that night. It would have food and
extra clothing in it. Tom might be able to row
Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________
to the island not far from the coast. He could
live there till he saw a Korean fishing boat
pass by. The island was not fortified. He gave
the man his flashlight. He helped the enemy
escape from Japan and also got rid of him.
4. Good human values are far above any
other value system. How did Dr. Sadao
succeed as a doctor as well as a patriot?
(Word limit 120-150) (NCERT) [Delhi 2017]

Ans. Fate put Sadao in a trying situation — to
uphold his duty to his country or prove his
professional loyalty. With his intelligence
and dedication he managed to prove that he
could uphold both. Dr Sadao had given a new
lease of life to the American prisoner of war.
He didn’t want to throw him into the jaws of
death again. He asked the young soldier to
take his private boat at night. He should row
in the cover of darkness to a little deserted
island nearby. The young American could live
there until he saw a Korean fishing boat pass
by. Food, bottled water and two quilts were put
inside the boat. If the food ran out, he could
signal two flashes.
He had apprised the General of his harbouring
the enemy at his home. The General chose to
overlook it. But we shouldn’t forget that Sadao
was a doctor. And for a doctor saving a dying
man is the foremost priority. It doesn’t matter
if the dying man is an enemy.
5. To choose between professional loyalty and
patriotism was a dilemma for Dr. Sadao.
How did he succeed in betraying neither?
(Word limit 120-150) [All India 2017]

Ans. Fate put Sadao in a trying situation- to
uphold his duty to his country or prove his
professional loyalty. With his intelligence
and dedication he managed to prove that he
could upold both. Dr Sadao had given a new
lease of life to the American prisoner of war.
He didn’t want to throw him into the jaws of
death again. He asked the young soldier to
take his private boat at night. He should row
in the cover of darkness to a little deserted
island nearby. The young American could live
there until he saw a Korean fishing boat pass
by. Food, bottled water and two quilts were
put inside the boat. Moreover if the food ran
out, he could signal two flashes.
He had apprised the General of his harbouring
the enemy at his home .The general chose to
overlook it but we shouldn’t forget that Sadao
was a doctor. And for a doctor saving a dying
man is foremost priority. It doesn’t matter if
the dying man is an enemy.
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