[

18/
1011:
39am]+923103231393:
*SURGERYI(
Rev
isi
onNextHal
f)
*

336.Mostcommonv
essel
sinv
olv
edi
nsubdur
alhemat
oma=*
smal
lbr
idgi
ngv
essel
s*

337.Managementofext
radur
al&acut
esubdur
alhemat
oma=*
sur
gical
evacuat
ionv
ia
crani
otomy*

338.Di
agnosi
soft
raumat
ici
ntr
acr
ani
all
esi
onsdoneby*
CTScan*

339.Managementf
orchr
oni
csubdur
alhemat
oma=*
Sur
gical
evacuat
ionv
iaBur
rhol
e*

340.Mostcommonsi
tesofcer
ebr
alcont
usi
on=*
inf
eri
orf
ront
all
obes&t
empor
all
obes*

341.CTScanshows*
het
erogeneousl
esi
onswi
thmi
xedar
easofhi
gh&l
owdensi
ty*i
ncer
ebr
al
contusi
on

342.*
RTA*i
sthel
eadi
ngcauseofhead&spi
nal
cor
dinj
uri
eswor
ldwi
de.

343.Cer
vical
spi
nei
sthe*
mostv
ulner
abl
etoi
njur
y*duet
oit
smobi
l
ityandexposur
e.

343.Intr
aumati
cpatient
,Spi
neassessmenti
sdonebypal
pat
eent
ir
epost
eri
orl
ybycar
eful
l
y
*l
ogroll
i
ng*thepat
ient.

344.Signsofincompl
etecor
dinj
ury=preserv
ati
onofpersonal
sensat
ion,volunt
ary&sphi
nct
er
contr
action,
anysensat
ionofvol
untar
ymov ementi
nlowerli
mbs,vol
untar
yt oefl
exion.

345.Hypovol
emi
cshocki
schar
act
eri
zedby*
hypot
ensi
on,
tachy
car
dia&col
dcl
ammy
peri
pher
ies*.

346.Neur
ogeni
cshocki
schar
act
eri
zedby*
hypot
ensi
on,
brady
car
dia&war
m per
ipher
ies*

347.Spi
nal
shockischar
acter
izedby*par
aly
sis,
hypot
oni
a,ar
efl
exi
a*&i
tsr
esol
uti
oni
s
i
ndicat
edbyret
urnofbul
bocavernousr
efl
ex.

348.Cent
ral
cor
dsy
ndr
ome=gr
eat
erl
ossofmot
orst
rengt
hinupperl
i
mbsmor
ethanl
ower
l
imbs.

349.Ant
eri
orcor
dsy
ndr
omei
sassoci
atedwi
th*
damaget
oant
eri
orspi
nal
art
ery
*

350.Ant
eri
orcor
dsy
ndr
ome=*
post
eri
orcol
umnsspar
edonl
y*(
poor
estpr
ognosi
s)

351.Poster
iorcor
dsyndrome=*damaget
opost
eri
orcol
umnswi
thf
ract
uresofpost
eri
or
ver
tebral
elements.
*(pr
ofoundat
axi
a)

352.Brownsequardsyndromer esul
tsfr
om *hemisect
ionofcor
dbypenet
rat
ingt
rauma*
(damageall
3maj orspinalcor
dt r
actsonipsi
lat
eralsi
de)
.
353.I
fpower
srat
ioi
sgr
eat
ert
han1=*
ant
eri
orcr
ani
ocer
vical
subl
uxat
ion.
*

354.I
fpower
srat
ioi
slesst
han0.
75=*
post
eri
orcr
ani
ocer
vical
subl
uxat
ion*

355.Jaf
fer
sonf
ract
urei
sthe*
bur
stf
ract
ureofC1(
atl
as)
*

356.ManagementforJeff
ersonf
ract
ure=i
f*unstabl
efr
act
ure(
hal
ojacketf
or3mont
hs)i
f
persi
stenti
nst
abi
l
ity(C1/
C2orocciput
-C2f
usion)
.*

357.*
TypeI
Iodont
oid(
axi
alC2f
ract
ure)
*ist
hemostcommon.

358.Hangman'
sfr
act
ure=spondy
lol
i
sthesi
sofC2onC3

359.Chancefractur
eisatransv
ersef
ract
uret
hrought
hev
ert
ebr
albody
,cl
assi
cal
l
yassoci
ated
wit
hthe* useoflapbel
ts*

360.Sci
woraoccur
sinchi
l
dren,
rel
atedt
ohy
per
elast
ici
tyofv
ert
ebr
alcol
umn,
inv
est
igat
ionof
choi
ceis*MRI*
.

361.Maj
ori
tyofbur
nsi
nchi
l
drenar
e*Scal
ds*

362.Maj
ori
tyofbur
nsi
nadul
tsar
e*Fl
amebur
ns*

363.Mostcommonbur
nty
pei
s*Ther
mal
*

364.I
fbur
ninj
uryt
oai
rwayoccur
sabov
ethel
ary
nx,
iti
scausedby*
inhal
edhotgases*

365.I
fbur
ninj
uryt
oai
rwayoccur
sbel
owt
hel
ary
nx,
iti
scausedby*
inhal
edst
eam*

366.Hy
drogency
ani
dei
smet
abol
i
ctoxi
nthatcauses*
met
abol
i
caci
dosi
s*

367.Carbonmonoxi
decancausemetabol
icpoisoni
ng,i
fconc.Abov
emor ethan10℅need
urgentt
reat
mentwit
hhighi
nspir
edoxygenfor24hours,
conc.morethan60℅cancausedeat
h.

368.Suspectmet
abol
i
cpoi
soni
ngwhent
her
eisahi
stor
yof*
fir
ewi
thi
nanencl
osedspace*

369.Conf
ir
mat
ionofdi
agnosi
sbymet
abol
i
cpoi
soni
ng=ABGs

370.Warni
ngsignsofbur
nstotherespir
ator
ysyst
em =*
Hxofbei
ngt
rappedi
nabur
ningr
oom,
burnsar
oundface&neck,changi
ngvoice&stri
dor
.*

371.Vol
umeoff
lui
dlossi
nbur
nsi
s*di
rect
lypr
opor
ti
onal
*tot
hear
eaofbur
n.

372.Whent
hesi
zeofbur
nis10-
15℅TBSA=*
cir
cul
ator
yshock*

373.Whenthesizeofbur
nismor
ethan25℅TBSA=*
Flui
dlossoccur
sinv
essel
sremot
efr
om
thebur
ninj
ury*

374.Bur
nssi
gni
fi
cant
lyr
educe*
cel
lmedi
atedi
mmuni
ty*
375.Superfi
cial
par
tial
thi
cknessbur
nsextendt
il
l*papi
l
lar
yder
mis*(
pink&moi
st,
nor
mal
pi
npricksensati
on,
healwit
houtscar
ri
ngin2weeks).

376.Deeppar
ti
althi
cknessburnsext
endt
il
l*ret
icul
arder
mis*(epider
mi sl
ost
,notasmoi
st,
pi
npri
cksensat
ionisreduced,
heal
sinmorethan3weekswi t
hhy pert
rophi
cscarr
ing)

377.Fullt
hicknessbur
nsext
endt
il
l*whol
eder
mis*(
har
dwi
thl
eat
her
yfeel
,compl
etel
y
anesthesi
zed).

378.Roughest
imat
ionofar
eaofbur
ncanbecal
cul
atedby*
Wal
l
ace'
srul
eof9*

379.Mostaccur
atemet
hodf
ort
heest
imat
ionofar
eaofbur
nis*
Lund&bowderchar
t*

380.Ear
lyi
ntubat
ionwi
thETTi
sthe*
treat
mentofchoi
ce*i
nsuspect
edai
rwaybur
n.

381.Mostv
aluabl
esi
gnofpot
ent
ial
bur
nedai
rway=*
deepbur
nsar
oundt
hemout
h&neck*

382.Admi
ssi
oni
nabur
nuni
tif*
mor
ethan10%TBSAi
nadul
ts*&*
mor
ethan5%TBSAi
nchi
l
d*

383.Fl
uidr
esusci
tati
onshouldbest
art
edwhen*
mor
ethan10%TBSAbur
ninchi
l
dren*&*
mor
e
than15%TBSAbur ninadul
t*
.

384.Mostcommontypeoff
lui
dusedi
nfl
uidr
esusci
tat
ionofbur
ns=*
Ringer
slact
ateor
Hart
man'ssol
uti
on*

385.*
Par
klandf
ormul
a*usedt
ocal
cul
atet
hef
lui
dtober
epl
acedi
nthef
ir
st24hour
s.

386.Par
klandsf
ormul
a=TBSA×wei
ghti
nkg×4=v
olumei
nml
.

387.Hal
foft
hevol
umecal cul
atedbypar
klandsf
ormul
agi
veni
nthe*
fir
st8hour
s*&second
hal
fisgi
veni
nthe*next16hours*.

388.Pl
asmaprotei
nsshoul
dbegiven*af
terf
ir
st12hours*i
nbur
nsbecausebef
oret
hist
ime
massiv
efl
uitshi
ftcausepr
otei
nst
oleakoutofthecel
l
.

389.Muir&Bar
clayfor
mulai
sthe*mostcommon*col
l
oidbasedf
ormul
a(0.
5×%bodysur
face
areabur
nt×weight=onepor
ti
on)

390.Keyofmoni
tor
ingoff
lui
dresusci
tat
ioni
s*ur
ineout
put
*

391.Ur
ineout
putshoul
dbe*
bet
ween0.
5-1.
0ml
/kg/
hri
nbur
nedpat
ient
.

392.*
Eschar
otomy
*isi
ndi
cat
edf
orci
rcumf
erent
ial
ful
lthi
cknessbur
nst
othel
i
mbs&chest
.

393.Topi
cal
treat
mentofdeepbur
ns=*
sil
versul
phadi
azi
necr
eam*

394.Hy
drocol
l
oiddr
essi
ngsar
eusef
ulf
or*
mixeddeptbur
ns*

395.Bi
ologi
cal
dressi
ngsar
eusef
ulf
or*
super
fi
cial
bur
ns*
396.I
ntr
amuscul
ari
nject
ionsshoul
dnotbegi
veni
nacut
ebur
nsov
er10%ofTBSA.

397.Bur
npat
ient
sof*
mor
ethan15-
20℅TBSA*shoul
drecei
veaNGt
ube.

398.Deepder
mal
bur
ndef
ecti
scl
osedby*
spl
i
tski
ngr
aft
ing*

399.Bur
nal
opeci
aisr
econst
ruct
edby*
tissueexpansi
onofunbur
nedhai
rbear
ingski
n*.

400.Si
ngl
ebandofscar
ri
ngi
scor
rect
edby*
Zpl
ast
y*

401.Wi
derbandsofscar
ri
ngi
scor
rect
edby*
transposi
ti
onf
lap*

402.Ci
rcumf
erent
ial
scar
ri
ngi
sreconst
ruct
edby*
inci
sion&r
epl
acementwi
tht
issue*

403.Hy
per
trophi
cscar
sar
ereconst
ruct
edby*
pressur
egar
ment
s*

404.I
nel
ect
ri
cal
inj
uri
es,
myogl
obi
nur
iacancauser
enal
fai
l
ure.

405.I
nel
ect
ri
cal
bur
ns,
flui
dresusci
tat
iont
okeepur
ineout
putatahi
gherl
evel
of*
2ml
/kg/
hr*
.

406.Aci
dbur
ncauses*
coagul
ati
venecr
osi
s*

407.Al
kal
ibur
ncauses*
li
qui
fact
ivenecr
osi
s,mor
esev
ere,
needl
ongeri
rr
igat
ionf
ormor
ethan
1hour*
.

408.I
nit
ial
managementofanychemi
cal
inj
uryi
s*copi
ousl
avagewi
thwat
er*
.

409.Bur
nswi
thel
ement
alNa,
K,Mg,
Lidon'
ti
rr
igat
eini
ti
all
y.

410.Mi
l
destf
orm ofcol
dinj
ury=*
Frost
nip*

411.*
Trenchf
oot
*isanex
ampl
eofnonf
reezi
ngi
njur
y.

412.Spl
i
tthi
cknessski
ngraf
t(Thi
erschgr
aft
)=cont
ainepi
dermis+var
iabl
ethi
cknessof
dermis(
Hair
less&don'
tsweat,
mostcommondon'tsi
teis*t
high*)
.

413.Full
thi
cknessski
ngr
aft(
Wol
fegr
aft
)=cont
ainepi
der
mis+ent
ir
ethi
cknessofder
mis
(cont
ainhai
r)

414.Composi
teski
ngr
aft=cont
ainmul
ti
plet
issues(
ski
n,f
at,
car
ti
lage,
bone)

415.Pr
esenceof*
groupAbet
ahemol
yti
cst
rept
ococci
*isacont
rai
ndi
cat
iont
ogr
aft
ing.

416.Fl
apsar
eti
ssuest
hatar
etr
ansf
err
ed*
wit
habl
oodsuppl
y*

417.*
pedi
cle*i
sthebaseoff
lapt
hatcont
ainst
hebl
oodsuppl
y.

418.*
Bipedi
cledf
lap*i
susef
ulf
orl
ongi
tudi
nal
def
ect
sofext
remi
ti
es.

419.*
V-Yadv
ancementf
lap*i
susef
ulont
hef
ace&f
orf
inger
ti
preconst
ruct
ion.
420.Z-pl
ast
yisat
ypeoft
ransposi
ti
onf
lapsusedt
o*l
engt
henscarcont
ract
ureort
issues*

421.Rhomboi
dfl
api
scl
assi
cal
l
yusedf
orr
hombi
cshapeddef
ect
swi
thangl
eof60°&90°
.

422.Basi
crot
ati
onf
lapi
susef
ulf
or*
scal
pdef
ect
s&sacr
alpr
essur
esor
es*

423.Bi
l
obedf
lapsar
eusef
ulf
or*
def
ect
sont
henose*

424.Fr
eeti
ssuetr
ansferf
reef
lapi
sthebestmeansofreconstr
uct
ingmaj
orcomposi
tel
ossof
ti
ssuei
ntheface,
jaws,l
owerl
imbandmanyotherbodysites.

425.Vaccumm assi
stedcl
osur
epr
essur
e=*
-125mmHg*
.

426.Thor
aci
cinj
urycanbemanagednon-
oper
ati
vel
yin80%ofcases.

427.Besti
nit
ial
testf
ort
hor
aci
cinj
ury=*
ChestX-
ray
*

428.Mostaccur
atet
estf
ort
hor
aci
cinj
ury=*
Spi
ral
CTScan*

429.I
nit
ial
managementoftensi
onpneumothor
ax=*
Needl
edecompr
essi
onbyi
nser
ti
onof
l
argeboreneedl
eint
o2ndinter
cost
alspace*

430.Defi
nit
ivemanagementoftensi
onpneumot
hor
ax=*
Chestt
ubei
nser
ti
ont
hrough5t
h
i
ntercost
alspacei
ntheanter
ioraxi
ll
aryl
i
ne*

431.I
nit
ial
Managementofopenpneumot
hor
ax=*
Thr
eesi
dedst
eri
l
eoccl
usi
vedr
essi
ng*

432.Defi
nit
ivemanagementofopenpneumot
hor
ax=*
sur
gical
closur
eoft
hedef
ect&ear
ly
ref
err
al*

433.Massi
vehemot
hor
ax=*
mor
ethan1500ml
*ofbl
oodi
nthet
hor
aci
ccav
ity

434.Mostcommoncauseofmassi
vehemot
hor
ax=*
tor
nint
ercost
alv
essel
s*

435.I
nit
ial
managementofhemot
hor
ax=*
chestt
ubei
nser
ti
on*

436.Beckst
ri
adf
oundi
n*per
icar
dial
temponade*

437.Beckst
ri
ad=r
aisedJVP,
hypot
ensi
on,
muf
fl
edhear
tsounds.

438.Kussmaul
'
ssi
gn=JVPr
aisedoni
nspi
rat
ion

439.Pul
suspar
adoxi
cus=l
argef
all
inbpdur
ingi
nspi
rat
ion

440.Tempor
arymanagementofper
icar
dial
temponade=*
Per
icar
diocent
esi
s*

441.Defi
nit
ivemanagementofperi
cardi
alt
emponade=*
sur
gical
evacuat
ionofper
icar
dial
bl
oodv i
asternot
omyorleftt
horacot
omy *
442.Fl
ail
chest=mor
ethan3adj
acentr
ibsf
ract
uredi
nmor
ethan2pl
aces.

443.Mostcommonmechani
sm oft
hor
aci
caor
ti
crupt
ure=*
Decel
erat
ioni
njur
y*

444.Usual
sit
eoft
het
hor
aci
caor
ti
crupt
ure=*
li
gament
um ar
ter
iosum*

445.Mostcommonf
indi
ngoft
hor
aci
caor
ti
crupt
ure=*
widenedmedi
ast
inum*

446.Accur
atescr
eeni
ngt
esti
npat
ient
swi
thsuspect
edaor
ti
cinj
ury=*
Hel
i
cal
cont
rast
enhancedCTScan*

447.Gol
dst
andar
dinv
est
igat
ionf
ort
hor
aci
caor
ti
crupt
ure=*
aor
togr
aphy
*

448.Mai
ntai
nbp*
lesst
han100mmHg*sy
stol
i
cashi
ghbpcoul
dexacer
bat
ethet
ear

449.Int
hepr
esenceofcompet
ingchestandabdomi
nal
aor
ti
cinj
ury
,*t
reatabdomi
nal
inj
ury
fi
rst
*

450.Defi
nit
ivet
reat
mentoft
hor
aci
caor
ti
crupt
ure=*
sur
gical
repai
rorendov
ascul
ari
ntr
aaor
ti
c
stent
ing*

451.Mostcommoncauseofdi
aphr
agmat
ici
njur
y=*
bluntt
rauma*

452.Penet
rat
ingi
njur
ytoor*bel
ow5t
hint
ercost
alspace*shoul
drai
set
hesuspi
cionof
di
aphragmati
cpenetr
ati
on.

453.Mostcommonsi
deaf
fect
edi
ndi
aphr
agmat
ici
njur
y=*
Lef
tsi
de*

454.Mostaccur
atet
estf
ordi
aphr
agmat
ici
njur
y=*
videoassi
stedt
hor
acoscopyor
l
aparoscopy
*

455.I
nci
sionofchoi
cei
nemer
gencyt
hor
acot
omy=*
ant
erol
ater
alt
hor
acot
omy
*

456.*CTScan*i
sthei
nvest
igat
ionofchoi
cef
orabdomi
nal
inj
uryi
nhemody
nami
cal
l
yst
abl
e
pati
ent.

457.I
nabdominal
injury
,themosti
mportantfact
ordeci
dingwhet
hert
ooper
atet
hepat
ient
manageconser
vati
velyisthe*
car
div
ascularstat
us*

458.*
Roof
top(
doubl
ekocher
's)i
nci
sion*gi
venexcel
l
entv
isual
i
zat
ionofl
i
ver&spl
een.

459.*
Pri
ngl
emanuev
er*i
susef
uli
nit
ial
techni
quef
orhemor
rhagecont
rol
insev
erel
i
veri
njur
ies.

460.Hepat
icar
ter
ylacer
ati
onshoul
dber
epai
redwi
th*
prol
ene6-
0*

461.Por
tal
vei
nlacer
ati
onshoul
dber
epai
redwi
th*
prol
ene5-
0*

462.Por
tal
vei
n*shoul
dnotbet
iedof
f*asi
tisassoci
atedwi
th>50%mor
tal
i
ty.
463.War
mischemiaoft
heli
veri
stol
erat
edf
or*
upt
o45mi
nut
es*al
l
owi
ngsuf
fi
cientt
imef
or
hepat
icv
enousoccl
usi
on.

464.*
CTScan*i
sthemai
nst
ayofaccur
atedi
agnosi
sofpancr
eat
ict
rauma.

465.Sur
ger
yisi
ndi
cat
edonl
ywhent
he*
mai
npancr
eat
icducti
sdi
srupt
ed*

466.*
Bleedi
ng*i
sthemostcommoncauseofdeat
hint
hei
mmedi
ateper
iodi
nCaseof
pancr
eati
ctr
auma.

467.Epi
der
misconst
it
ute*
5%*ofski
n(ker
ati
nocy
tesmakeupappr
ox90%ofepi
der
mis)

468.Der
misconst
it
ute*
95%*ofski
n

469.Epi
der
miscont
ainnobl
oodv
essel
ssonour
ishedby*
dif
fusi
on*
.

470.Ul
cerr
efer
stodi
scont
inui
tyofepi
thel
i
alsur
face.

471.Char
act
eri
sti
cshapesofedgesoful
cer
s:

*
Shel
vi
ngedge=nonspeci
fi
cul
cer

*
Under
minededge=t
uber
cul
osi
s

*
Rol
l
ededge(
mayexhi
bitsmal
lbl
oodv
essel
s)=basal
cel
lcar
cinoma

*
Epi
thel
i
oma,
heapedup,
ever
tededgeandi
rr
egul
art
hickenedbase=squamouscel
lcar
cinoma

*
Punchedoutedge=sy
phi
l
is

472.Si
nus=refer
stobl
i
ndepi
thel
i
alt
ract
,li
nedbygr
anul
ati
ont
issuet
hatext
endsf
rom af
ree
surf
aceint
oti
ssues

473.Fi
stul
a=refer
stoabnor
malcommunicat
ionbet
weent
woepi
thel
i
alsur
facesl
i
nedby
granul
ati
onti
ssueandcol
oni
zedbybact
eri
a.

474.Hypertr
ophi
cscar=r
efer
stoanel
evat
edscarconf
inedwi
thi
ntheboundar
yofi
nit
ial
inj
ury
orinci
sion.

475.Kel
oid=r
efer
stoanel
evat
edscarbutt
heyext
endbey
ondt
heboundar
yofor
igi
nal
inj
uryor
i
ncisi
on.

476.Sur
gical
treat
mentofkel
oid=*
int
ral
esi
onal
exci
sion*

477.*
Cupshapedgr
owt
h*f
oundi
nker
atocant
homa

478.Bowen'
sdi
seasei
nvol
vest
hegl
anspeni
sref
fer
edt
o*er
ythr
opl
asi
aofQuey
rat
*.

479.Sur
gical
treat
mentofBowen'
sdi
sease=*
sur
gical
exci
sionwi
th4mm mar
ginormohs'
mi
crogr
aphi
csur
ger
y.*

480.Mostcommonski
nmal
i
gnancy=*
basal
cel
lcar
cinoma*(
rodent
sul
cer
)

481.Mosti
mpor
tantr
iskf
act
orofBCC=*
Ult
rav
iol
etr
adi
ati
on*

482.SCCar
isi
ngf
rom ascari
sknownas*
mar
jol
i
n'sul
cer
.*

483.Mali
gnantmelanomaaccount
sforlesst
han5%ofski
nmal
i
gnancybutr
esponsi
blef
or
over75%ofdeathsrel
atedt
oskinmali
gnancy.

484.ABCDEf
eat
uresofMal
i
gnantmel
anoma=asy
mmet
ry,
bor
der
sir
regul
ar,
Col
orchanges,
di
ametermor
ethan6mm,el
evat
ed.

485.Mostcommont
ypeofmal
i
gnantmel
anoma=super
fi
cial
spr
eadi
ngt
ype

486.Mostaggr
essi
vet
ypeofmal
i
gnantmel
anoma=*
nodul
armel
anoma*

487.Pr
esenceoflymphnodemet
ast
asi
sist
hesi
ngl
e*mosti
mpor
tantpr
ognost
ici
ndex*f
or
mali
gnantmelanoma.

488.*
Bresl
owthi
ckness*i
sthemosti
mpor
tantpr
ognost
ici
ndi
cat
ori
ntheabsenceofl
ymph
nodemetast
asi
s

489.Tr
eat
mentofmal
i
gnantmel
anoma=

*
MM wi
th-
venodes=wi
desur
gical
exci
sion

*
MM wi
th+v
enodes=exci
sionandbl
ockdi
ssect
ionofr
egi
onal
lymphnodes

*
MM wi
thdi
stantmet
ast
ases=exci
sionwi
thchemo/
int
erf
eronal
pha.

490.Lowf
lowv
ascul
armal
for
mat
ionsmaycauseskel
etal
hypopl
asi
a.

491.Hi
ghf
lowv
ascul
armal
for
mat
ionsmaycauseskel
etal
hyper
trophy
.

492.Capi
l
lar
yhemangi
omai
sal
socal
l
ed*
str
awber
rynev
us*(
mostcommonbi
rt
hmar
k,f
ound
onheadandneck)

493.Por
twi
nest
aini
sanext
ensi
vei
ntr
ader
mal
hemangi
oma,
associ
atedwi
thst
urgeWeber
syndr
ome

494.Mostcommonsi
teofpor
twi
nest
ain=*
face*

495.Tr
eat
mentf
orpor
twi
nest
ain=*
lasert
her
apy
*

496.*
Kaposisar
coma*isamal
i
gnantpr
oli
fer
ati
vet
umorofv
ascul
arendot
hel
i
um causedby
Humanherpesvi
rus8.
497.Ar
ter
ial
occl
usi
vedi
seasei
scl
assi
fi
edby*
Font
ainegr
adeofi
schemi
a*

498.*
Int
ermit
tentcl
audi
cat
ion*r
efer
stoi
schemi
cpai
nofl
egmuscl
espr
eci
pit
atebywal
ki
ng
rel
i
evedbyrest.

499.Pai
nofcl
audi
cat
ioni
sfel
t*mostcommoni
ncal
f*

500.Leri
che'
ssy ndromer efer
stobut
tockcl
audi
cat
ionandsexual
impot
encer
esul
ti
ngf
rom
aort
oili
acocclusivedisease.

501.Cont
inuousmachi
ner
ymur
murov
eranar
ter
yindi
cat
esan*
AVf
ist
ula*

502.*
Doppl
erUS*i
sthemostusef
uli
nassessmentofoccl
usi
vear
ter
ial
diseases

503.Nor
mal
ABPI=>1

504.ABPIl
esst
han0.
3suggest*
immi
nentnecr
osi
s*

505.*
Bet
abl
ocker
s*exacer
bat
ecl
audi
cat
ion.

506.Subcl
avi
anar
ter
yoccl
usi
onmaycausecl
audi
cat
ioni
n*ar
m*l
eadi
ngt
odi
git
ali
schemi
a.

507.Ent
eri
car
ter
yoccl
usi
vedi
seasemaycausepai
naf
tereat
ing.

508.Mostcommoncauseofacut
ear
ter
ial
occl
usi
on=*
embol
i
sm*

509.Mostcommonsour
ceofembol
ii
nacut
ear
ter
ial
occl
usi
on=*
lef
tat
ri
um i
ncar
diac
arr
hyt
hmia*

510.Dr
ygangr
enei
smostcommonl
ycauseby*
ather
oscl
erosi
s*

511.Wetgangr
enei
sacompl
i
cat
ionof*
unt
reat
edwoundi
nfect
ion*

512.Fr
ost
bit
eischar
act
eri
zedby*
sev
erebur
ningpai
nint
heaf
fect
edsi
de*

513.Ai
nhum r
efer
stoaut
oamput
ati
onofadi
gitcommonl
yoft
he*
li
tt
let
oe*

514.Mostcommont
ypeofl
argev
essel
aneur
ysm =*
abdomi
nal
aor
ti
caneur
ysm*

515.Mostcommoncauseofabdomi
nal
aor
ti
caneur
ysm =*
ather
oscl
erosi
s*

516.Mostcommonsi
teofabdomi
nal
aor
ti
caneur
ysm =*
bel
owt
her
enal
art
eri
es*

517.Ray
naud'
sdi
seasei
srecogni
zedbychar
act
eri
sti
cchangesi
nfi
nger
s*f
rom whi
te>bl
ue>
red*

518.Tor
tuousdi
l
atedv
einsi
nsubcut
aneoust
issuear
eindi
cat
iveofv
ari
cosev
eins.

519.Var
icogr
aphyi
susef
uli
npat
ient
swi
thr
ecur
rentv
ari
cosev
eins
520.Venogr
aphyi
susef
uli
npat
ient
swi
thpostt
hrombot
icv
enousoccl
usi
ons

521.Cl
assIIst
ocki
ngswit
hanklepr
essur
eof30mmHgdecr
easi
ngt
o10-
15mmHgatknee
l
evelar
eprefer
redi
nvari
cosevej
ns

522.Sodi
um tetr
adecylsul
phatei
sthemostcommonscl
erosi
ngagentusedi
ninj
ect
ion
scl
erot
herapyforminorvar
icosi
ti
es.

523.Pol
i
docanol
isusedasadet
ergentagenti
nUSgui
dedf
oam scl
erot
her
apy

524.Mostcommoncauseofl
egul
cer
ati
on=*
venousdi
sease*

525.Mostcommonsi
teofl
egul
cer
s=*
medi
alSI
DSoft
hecal
f*

526.Vi
rchow'
str
iadi
sfoundi
nDVT

527.Vi
rchow'
str
iad=v
enousst
asi
s,endot
hel
i
aldamage,
coagul
abi
l
ityofbl
ood.

528.Pai
n&swel
l
ingi
nthecal
fofonel
owerl
i
mbi
sthemostcommonpr
esent
ati
onof*
DVT*

529.Gol
dst
andar
dinv
est
igat
ionf
orDVT=CTpul
monar
yangi
ogr
aphy

530.Mostcommoncongeni
tal
venousanomal
y=*
IVCapl
asi
a*

531.Ly
mphoedemai
scl
assi
fi
edby*
Brunner
'scl
i
nical
classi
fi
cat
ion*

532.TypeIly
mphoedema=Mi
l
roy
'sdi
sease(
brawnyl
ymphoedemaofbot
hlegs,
dev
elopsf
rom
bi
rthorbefor
epuber
ty)

533.TypeIIl
ymphoedema=Miege'
sdi
sease(
lymphoedemaofoneorbot
hlegs&dev
elops
betweenpubert
y&mi ddl
eage)

534.Ly
mphoedemacongeni
tal
occur
s*bef
ore2y
ear
sofage*(
usual
l
ybi
l
ater
alandi
nvol
ve
wholel
eg)

535.Lymphoedemapr
aecoxoccur
s*bet
ween2-
35y
ear
sofage*(
uni
l
ater
al&ext
endsonl
yto
theknee)

536.Ly
mphoedemat
ardaoccur
s*af
ter35y
ear
sofage*(
associ
atedwi
thobesi
ty)

537.Ly
mphoedemadev el
opi
ngf
ort
hef
ir
stt
imeaf
ter50y
ear
sshoul
dpr
omptat
hor
ough
sear
chformal
ignancy
.

538.Ly
mphoedemaassoci
atedwi
thmal
i
gnancycommences*
proxi
mal
l
yint
het
high*r
ather
thandi
stal
l
y.

539.Mostcommonf
orm ofl
ymphoedema=*
secondar
yly
mphoedema*

540.Mostcommoncauseofsecondar
yly
mphoedemawor
ldwi
de=*
Fil
ari
asi
s*
541.Gol
dst
andar
dinv
est
igat
ionf
orl
ymphoedema=*
lymphangi
ogr
aphy
*

542.*
Compr
essi
onst
ocki
ngcl
assI
II
*isusedi
nthet
reat
mentofl
ymphoedema.

543.Homan'
soper
ati
oni
sthe*
mostsat
isf
act
ory
*oper
ati
onf
orcal
finl
ymphoedema

544.*
Pil
oni
dal
sinus*f
ormat
ioni
scommonwi
thThompsonsoper
ati
onf
orl
ymphoedema.

545.*
Cosmet
icr
esul
tsar
ever
ypoor
*wi
thchar
les'
soper
ati
onf
orl
ymphoedema.

[
18/
1011:
39am]+923103231393:
*SURGERY1**
(Rev
isi
onHal
f)
*

1.Mostcommoncauseofdeat
hinsur
gical
pat
ient
s=*
Shock*

2.Duet
oshock,
Anaer
obi
crespi
rat
ionpr
oduces*
Lact
icaci
d*

3.I
nel
ect
ivesur
ger
y,war
fi
nest
opsbef
ore*
5day
s*

4.Shockl
eadst
o*Met
abol
i
caci
dosi
s*

5.Whathappenst
oGFRdur
ingshock?=*
Decr
eases*

6.Mostcommonf
orm ofshock=*
Hypov
olemi
c*

7.Mostcommoncauseofhy
pov
olemi
cshock=*
Hemor
rhage*

8.I
fapat
ientcam wi
thcl
assI
IIshock,
whi
chf
lui
dwoul
dugi
vet
othepat
ient
?=*
Cry
stal
l
oid+
bl
ood*

9.Fl
askul
cerf
oundi
n=*
Amoebi
asi
s*

10.Mostcommoncauseofcar
diogeni
cshock=*
MI*

11.I
nwhi chtypeofshock,
lef
tvent
ri
cul
arenddi
ast
oli
cpr
essur
efoundt
obei
ncr
eased?=
*Car
diogenic*

12.Incr
easedMVO²anddecr
easedper
ipher
alv
ascul
arr
esi
stancei
sfoundi
nwhi
cht
ypeof
shock?=*Sept
ic*

13.Mostcommont
hyr
oidt
umor=*
Papi
l
lar
y*

14.Whichoneofthefol
lowingi
stheonl
yty
peofshocki
nwhi
chcar
diacout
puti
sfoundt
obe
i
ncreased?=*Di
stri
buti
ve*

15.Ear
li
estsy
mpt
om ofshock?=*
Tachy
car
dia*

16.Boundi
ngpul
sei
sfoundi
n?=*
Sept
icshock*
17.Fi
rstl
i
net
her
apyofshock?=*
IVaccessandI
Vfl
uids*

18.I
deal
cat
het
ersf
orv
ascul
araccessi
npat
ient
sofshock?=*
Shor
t,wi
debor
ecat
het
er*

19.Loef
fl
er’
ssy
ndr
omei
sseeni
n=*
Ascar
iasi
s*

20.Whi
chl
awi
sappl
i
edi
nthet
reat
mentofshock?=*
Poi
seui
l
le'
slaw*

21.Homan’
ssi
gnseeni
n=*
DVT*

22.Mostappr
opr
iat
ecat
het
erf
ormoni
tor
ingi
nthepat
ient
sofshock?=*
Longnar
rowneedl
es*

23.Oxy
gencar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyofcr
yst
all
oid&col
l
oidi
s?=Zer
o

24.I
nwhi
chcondi
ti
onwi
thshock,
wecangi
vedext
roset
othepat
ient=*
Diabet
esi
nspi
dus*

25.Bl
uedotf
oundi
n=*
Tor
sionoft
est
icul
arappendage*

26.Ifapat
ientr
espondtothet
reatmentbutr
evertt
ohi
spr
evi
ousst
ateov
er10-
20mi
ns.Whi
ch
categor
ywouldusuggest?=*Transi
entr
esponder*

27.Howmuchf
lui
drequi
redi
nbol
ust
odet
ermi
net
heshockst
atus?=*
250-
500ml
*

28.Vasopr
essorsuppor
tisr
equi
redi
nwhi
cht
ypeofshock?=*
Dist
ri
but
iveshock*

29.Netef
fectofPTH=*
decr
easeser
um phosphat
e&i
ncr
easeser
um cal
cium*

30.I
onot
ropi
csuppor
tisr
equi
redi
nwhi
cht
ypeofshock?=*
Car
diogeni
c*

31.Dr
ugofchoi
cef
rom i
onot
ropi
cagent
sint
het
reat
mentofshock?=*
Dobut
ami
ne*

32.Bestmoni
tort
ocheckt
headequat
etr
eat
mentofshock?=*
Uri
neout
put
*

33.Adequat
eur
ineout
puti
nadul
t=*
0.5ml
/kg/
hr*

34.Whichoneofthefol
l
owingarethesensi
tiv
etool
forbot
hthediagnosi
sofshockand
monit
oringofr
esponsetot
herapy?=* Lact
icaci
d&basedefi
cit
*

35.At
hreshol
dofbasedef
ici
tisassoci
atedwi
thhi
ghmor
tal
i
tyandmor
bidi
ty?=*
Mor
ethan
6mmol/l
*

36.I
fapat
ientsuf
fer
swi
thbl
eedi
ngwi
thi
n24hour
saf
tersur
ger
y?=*
React
ionar
ybl
eedi
ng*

37.FLORI
DTHYROI
DFAI
LURE=*
Depr
essedT3&T4,
Mar
kedl
yrai
sedTSH*

38.I
fapat
ientsuf
fer
sfr
om bl
eedi
ngaf
ter8day
sofi
njur
y?=*
Secondar
ybl
eedi
ng*

39.Aci
dosi
s,coagul
opat
hyandhy
pot
her
miai
scol
l
ect
ivel
yter
medas?=*
Let
hal
tri
ad*

40.Let
hal
tri
adcanbeexacer
bat
eby
?=*
Excessi
vef
lui
dadmi
nist
rat
ion*
41.Fr
eshf
rozenpl
asmacanbest
oredwi
thashel
fli
fe=*
2year
s*

42.Cr
yopr
eci
pit
atei
sri
chi
n=*
Fact
orVI
II&f
ibr
inogen*

43.Pl
atel
etshav
eashel
fli
feof=*
5day
s*

44.Pr
othr
ombi
ncompl
exconcent
rat
esar
eri
chi
n=*
Fact
orI
I,
VII
,I
X,X*

45.Tr
ansf
usi
onwi
l
lbenef
itt
hepat
ient
,ifhi
s/herhemogl
obi
nlev
eli
sbel
ow=*
6g/
dl*

46.I
fapatientcameinERwi t
huncontr
oll
edhemor
rageandwast aki
ngwar
far
in,
whatwoul
d
bethebestrever
salt
herapy
?=Pr ot
hrombincompl
exconcent
rat
e

47.Whi
cht
ypeofher
niaseeni
ninf
ant
il
ehy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm =*
umbl
i
cal
her
nia*

48.I
nwhi
chphaseoft
hewoundheal
i
ng,
angi
ogenesi
soccur
s?=*
Prol
i
fer
ati
vephase*

49.Compar
tmentsy
ndr
omeoccur
swhent
hei
ntr
acompar
tment
alpr
essur
eri
sesupt
o=*
30
mmHg*

50.Awoundwithsubst
anti
alti
ssuel
ossandtheedgesofwoundcannotbeopposedwi
thout
excessi
vet
ensi
on,Heal
ingoccursi
nthi
scaseby=* Secondar
yint
ent
ion*

51.Compar
tmentsy
ndr
omemostcommonl
yoccur
sin=*
Lowerl
i
mb*

52.Fasci
otomyi
scont
rai
ndi
cat
edi
n=*
Crushi
njur
ies*

53.Mostusef
ulcl
i
nical
signofadul
thy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm =*
Del
ayedr
elaxat
ionphaseofankl
ejer
k*

54.Mostcommonsi
teofpr
essur
esor
es=*
Ischi
um*

55.I
ngui
nal
her
nial
repai
risa*
Cleanwound*

56.El
ect
ivechol
ecy
stect
omyi
sa*
Clean-cont
ami
nat
edwound*

57.Lapar
otomyi
sa*
Dir
tywound*

58.Emer
gencyappendect
omyi
sa*
Cont
ami
nat
edwound*

59.Cessat
ionofSmoki
ngshoul
dbeencour
agedbef
ore*
30day
s*ofsur
ger
y

60.I
fapat
ienti
smal
nour
ished,
nut
ri
ti
onal
suppor
tshoul
dbegi
ven*
7-14day
s*bef
oresur
ger
y

61.I
fapati
enti
sunder
goingmajorintr
aabdomi
nal
surger
y,bowel
prepar
ati
oni
ncaseofa
cont
aminat
edcasewil
lreducei
nfecti
onrat
eupt
o*25%*

62.I
fapat
ienti
sundergoi
ngmaj ori
ntr
aabdominalsur
gery
,bowel
prepar
ati
oni
ncaseofa
cl
eancont
aminatedcasewil
lreducei
nfect
ionr
ateupto*5%*
63.Bef
oresur
ger
y,hai
risbestr
emov
edbycl
i
ppi
ng*
Immedi
atel
ybef
oresur
ger
y*

64.Whatshoul
dbeav
oidedper
ioper
ati
vel
ydur
ingr
ecov
ery
?=*
Hypot
her
mia&suppl
ement
al
oxygendel
iv
ery
*

65.Causeofpseudomonascol
i
tis=*
Clost
ri
dium Def
fi
cil
e*

66.Whi
cht
ypeofesophageal
atr
esi
acommoni
nchi
l
d=*
Esophageal
atr
esi
awi
thdi
stal
TEF*

67.Atwhatt
imePr
ophy
lact
icant
ibi
oti
csshoul
dbegi
venbef
oresur
ger
y?=*
30mi
nut
esbef
ore*

68.HowmanyshotsofIVant
ibi
oti
csi
srequi
redt
oachi
evepr
ophy
laxi
sati
nduct
ionof
anest
hesi
a?=*
Singleshot
*

69.Ant
ipl
atel
etsshoul
dbest
opped*
7-14day
s*bef
oresur
ger
y

70.Ant
ibi
oti
cpr
ophy
laxi
sregi
met
obegi
veni
nor
thopedi
csur
ger
y=*
Onedoseofaugment
in*

71.I
nbi
ersbl
ockwhi
chdr
ugi
sgi
ven?=*
Pri
l
ocai
ne*

72.Ifapati
entcamewi
thsuper
fi
cial
sur
gical
sit
einf
ect
ion,
fir
stst
epwoul
dbe*
Remov
alofski
n
sutures*

73.Whichorgani
sm i
sassoci
atedwi
thChr
oni
cabscess,
sinusandf
ist
ulaf
ormat
ion?=
*Mycobact
erium*

74.Al
bumi
nhal
fli
fei
s*20day
s*

75.Completeel
i
minat
ionoftheor
gani
smsi
nachr
oni
cabscesswi
thoutdr
ainagecanl
eadt
o
ster
il
eabscesscal
l
ed* Ant
ibi
oma*

76.Mostcommoncausat
iveagentofcel
l
uli
ti
s=*
Bet
ahemol
yti
cst
rep*

77.Ly
mphangi
ti
spr
esentas=*
Pai
nful
redst
reaksi
naf
fect
edl
ymphat
ic*

78.Mostcommoncauseofar
ter
ial
ocl
usi
ondi
seasei
s=*
Ather
oscl
erosi
s*

79.Fobt
ainegr
adeofi
schemi
ausedf
or*
art
eri
alocl
usi
ondi
sease*

80.I
nter
mit
tentcl
audi
cat
ionmost
lyoccuri
nthe*
cal
f*

81.Mostcommoncausat
iveagentofgasgangr
ene=*
C.Per
fri
ngens*

82.Mosti
mpor
tantexot
oxi
nrel
easedbycl
ost
ri
dium per
fri
ngens=*
Alphat
oxi
n*

83.Mai
nst
ayofmanagementf
ort
hegasgangr
ene=*
Ear
lysur
gical
exci
sionofnecr
oti
cti
ssue*

84.Whi
chexot
oxi
nbindswit
ht heneuromuscul
arj
unct
ionsofCNSr
ender
ingi
ncapabl
eof
neur
otr
ansmi
tt
err
elease?=*Tetanospasmi
n*
85.Ear
li
estsy
mpt
om oft
etanus?=*
RisusSar
doni
cus*

86.Mostcommoncausat
iveagentofnecr
oti
zi
ngf
asci
ti
s=*
Bet
ahemol
yti
cst
rept
ococci
*

87.I
fnecr
oti
zi
ngf
asci
ti
saf
fect
stheper
ineal
areaoft
hebody
,iti
scal
l
ed*
Four
nier
'sgangr
ene*

88.I
fnecr
oti
zi
ngf
asci
ti
saf
fect
stheper
ineal
areaoft
hebody
,iti
scal
l
ed*
Mel
eney
'ssy
ner
gist
ic
gangr
ene*

89.Whi
cht
estwi
l
lconf
ir
mthedi
agnosi
sofnecr
oti
zi
ngf
asci
ti
s?=*
Biopsy
*

90.Cor
ner
stoneofmanagementofnecr
oti
zi
ngf
asci
ti
s?=*
sur
gical
exci
sionofnecr
oti
cti
ssue*

91.Whi
cht
ypeofnecr
osi
stakepl
acei
namoebi
asi
s?=*
Liqui
fact
ivenecr
osi
s*

92.Whi
chl
obeoft
hel
i
veri
smost
lyi
nvol
vedi
namoebi
asi
s?=*
Rightl
obe*

93.Mostcommoncompl
i
cat
ionofamoebi
asi
s=*
amoebi
cli
verabscess*

94.Chocolat
ecol
ored,
odor
lessanchov
ysaucel
i
keabscessf
oundi
n?=*
Amoebi
cli
ver
abscess*

95.Amoebomai
smostcommonl
yfoundi
n?=*
Caecum*

96.Whichinv
est
igat
ionshoul
dweadv
iset
odi
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weenamoebi
c&py
ogeni
cli
ver
abscess?=*CTScanabdomen*

97.Whichi
nvest
igat
ionshoul
dweadv
iset
odi
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weenamoebi
asi
s&ul
cer
ati
ve
col
it
is?=*Si
gmoidoscopy*

98.I
nwhi
chcondi
ti
on,
Diagnost
icaspi
rat
ioni
scont
rai
ndi
cat
ed=*
Hydat
iddi
sease*

99.*
Met
roni
dazol
e*i
sthef
ir
stchoi
cei
ntheel
ect
ivecaseofAmoebi
asi
s.

100.Mostcommoni
ntest
inal
nemat
odeaf
fect
ingman=*
Ascar
isl
umbr
icoi
des*

101.Ascar
isl
arv
acausest
he*
Loef
fl
erssy
ndr
ome*

102.Smal
lbowel
obst
ruct
ioni
sthesur
gical
emer
gencyofAscar
iasi
s,most
lyoccur
sin
*chi
ldr
en*

103.*
Char
cotLey
dencr
yst
als*f
oundi
nsput
um exami
nat
ionofAscar
iasi
s.

104.*
Fluf
fyexudat
e*f
oundi
nchestx-
rayi
nLoef
fl
erssy
ndr
ome.

105.Hy
dat
iddi
seasei
sal
soknownas*
Dogt
apewor
m*

106.Hydati
ddiseasecausedbycest
odewor
ms*
Echi
nococcusgr
anul
osus&Echi
nococcus
multi
l
ocular
is*
107.Def
ini
ti
vehostofHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
Dogs*

108.I
nter
medi
atehost
sofHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
cat
tl
e,sheep,
humans*

109.Hy
dat
idcy
stf
ormedi
n*l
i
verorl
ungs*

110.*
Liv
er*i
sthemostcommonor
ganaf
fect
edbyHy
dat
iddi
sease.

111.Mostf
requentsi
gnofHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
Hepat
omegal
y*

112.Emer
gencypr
esent
ati
onofHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
Anaphy
lact
icshock*

113.Daught
er&gr
anddaught
ercel
l
sofHy
dat
iddi
seasegi
vei
nUS=*
Roset
teappear
ance*

114.Cal
cif
iedcy
stofHy
dat
iddi
seasei
nUSgi
ves=*
Eggshel
lappear
ance*

115.Mostaccur
atet
estf
orHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
indi
recthemaggl
uti
nat
iont
est
*

116.I
magi
ngmodal
i
tyofchoi
cei
nHy
dat
iddi
sease=*
CTScan*

117.*
Sur
ger
y*i
sthet
reat
mentofchoi
cef
orHy
dat
iddi
sease.

118.*PAIRpr
ocedur
e*f
orHy
dat
iddi
sease=punct
ure,
aspi
rat
ion,
inj
ect
ionofscol
i
cidal
agent
,
reaspir
ati
on.

119.Lepr
osyi
sal
socal
l
ed=*
Hansen'
sdi
sease*

120.Typi
cal
featur
esofl
epr
osy=Leoni
nef
aci
es,
clawhands,
clawt
oes,
footdr
op,
gynecomast
ia.

121.Modeoft
ransmi
ssi
onofmy
cet
oma=*
penet
rat
iont
hroughasi
teoft
rauma*

122.Whenmy
cet
omacausedbyf
ungi
cal
l
ed*
eumy
cet
oma*

123.Whenmy
cet
omacausedbybact
eri
acal
l
ed*
act
inomy
cet
oma*

124.Cl
assi
calt
ri
adofmy cet
oma=*
pai
nlesssubcut
aneousswel
l
ing,
mul
ti
plesi
nuses,
ser
opurul
entdi
schar
ge*

125.Mostcommonsi
teofmy
cet
oma=*
Foot
*

126.*
Sunr
ayappear
ance*i
nxr
ayf
oundi
nmy
cet
oma

127.*
Doti
nci
rcl
esi
gn*f
oundi
nMRIofmy
cet
oma

128.*
Sur
ger
yunderl
ocal
anest
hesi
a*i
scont
rai
ndi
cat
edi
nmy
cet
oma

129.Ulcer
ati
vet
ypeofTBofsmal
li
ntest
inecausedby*
whenpat
ientpul
monar
ytbswal
l
ows
i
nfectedsput
um*
130.Hy
per
plast
ict
ypeoft
bsmal
li
ntest
inecausedby*
dri
nki
ngofi
nfect
edmi
l
k*

131.Hy
per
plast
ict
ypeofsmal
li
ntest
inal
tbcanbeconf
usedwi
th*
crohnsdi
sease*

132.Doughyf
eel
ofabdomenf
oundi
n*TBSmal
li
ntest
ine*

133.I
nTB,
*Ul
ceri
str
ansv
ersewi
thunder
minededges*

134.Mul
ti
plebowel
str
ict
uresf
ormedi
ntb,
mostcommonl
yfoundi
n*I
leum*

135.*
Subhepat
iccaecum*f
oundi
nhy
per
plast
ict
ypeofTB

136.*
Transv
ersesupr
aumbi
l
ical
inci
sions*ar
epr
efer
redi
npedi
atr
icsur
ger
y

137.Tr
aumai
nchi
l
drencaneasi
l
ydamaget
he*
li
verorbl
adder
*

138.Ri
bfr
act
uresar
eof
tena*
signofabuse*i
nchi
l
dren

139.*
Inf
ant
s*ar
emor
epr
onet
odev
elophy
pot
her
mia

140.Chi
ldrenmaydevelophyponat
remi
cencephal
opat
hyathi
ghersodi
um l
evel
sbecauset
hey
havea*higherbr
ainskull
rat
io*

141.Mai
ntai
ningpat
entai
rwayal
sor
equi
rest
okeept
hechi
l
din*
Neut
ral
posi
ti
on*i
nst
eadof
Sni
ffi
ngposi
ti
on

142.*
Tachy
cardi
aandpoorski
nper
fusi
on*ar
etheonl
ykey
stoear
lyr
ecogni
ti
onof
hypov
olemi
a.

143.Pref
err
edsit
esf
orvenousaccessinchi
l
drenar
e*per
cut
aneousper
ipher
alr
out
e
(ant
ecubi
talf
ossa&saphenousvei
n)*

144.I
f2at
tempt
sofper
cut
aneousper
ipher
alr
out
efai
l
s,*
int
raosseousr
out
e*i
sper
for
med.

145.Si
tesofi
ntr
aosseousr
out
e=*
ant
eromedi
alt
ibi
a1-
3cm bel
owt
ibi
alt
uber
osi
tyordi
stal
femur*

146.*
Bluntt
rauma*i
smor
ecommont
hanpenet
rat
ingt
rauma.

147.Gol
dst
andar
dinvest
igat
ioni
ncaseofmaj
orabdomi
nal
traumai
nhemody
nami
cal
l
yst
abl
e
chi
ld=*CTScanwit
hIVcontr
ast*

148.I
ngui
nal
her
niai
nchi
l
dreni
sal
mostal
way
s*I
ndi
rect
*andduet
oapat
entpr
ocessus
vagi
nal
is.

149.Ri
ghtsi
dedi
ngui
nal
her
niasar
e*mor
ecommon*t
hanl
eftsi
ded.

150.Managementofi
ngui
nal
her
niai
nchi
l
dren=*
onl
yher
niot
omy
*
151.Ect
opi
ctest
isi
smostcommonl
ypr
esenti
n*per
ineum*

152.Undescendedt
est
isar
e*mor
ecommon*onr
ightsi
de

153.Def
ini
ti
vemet
hodofv
isual
i
zinganat
omyoft
est
is=*
Diagnost
icl
apar
oscopy
*

154.Managementofpal
pabl
eundescendedt
est
is=*
singl
est
ageor
chi
dopexy
*(shoul
dbedone
befor
e2yearsofage)

155.*
Lapar
oscopy*i
sthebesti
nter
venti
oninimpalpabl
eundescendedt
est
is(
thenper
for
m
*t
wostageFowlerSt
evensl
apar
oscopicprocedur
e*)

156.*Test
icul
art
orsi
on*mustbeassumedi
nchi
l
dpr
esent
ingwi
thacut
escr
otum unt
ilpr
oven
other
wise.

157.Test
icul
art
orsi
oni
smostcommoni
n*adol
escent
s*

158.Test
icul
art
orsi
onmustber
eli
eved*
wit
hin6-
8hour
s*oft
heonsetofsy
mpt
oms

159.Torsi
onoft
esti
cul
arappendagei
sal
soknownas*
tor
sionofappendi
xtest
isort
orsi
onof
Hydati
dofMorgagni
*

160.Hy
dat
idofMor
gagni
ist
heembr
yol
ogi
cal
remnantf
oundont
he*
upperpol
eoft
het
est
is*

161.*
Bluedotsi
gn*f
oundi
ntor
sionoft
est
icul
arappendage.

162.Hy
pospadi
asr
efer
stoabnor
mal
uret
hral
openi
ngont
hev
ent
ral
sur
faceoft
hepeni
s.

163.Mostcommont
ypeofhy
pospadi
as=*
Glandul
ar*

164.Mostsev
eret
ypeofhy
pospadi
as=*
Per
ineal
*

165.*Av
oidci
rcumci
sion*i
nhy
pospadi
asBecausepr
epur
cemaybeusedi
npr
ocedur
est
o
corr
ectt
heabnormal
it
y

166.Phi
mosi
sref
erst
onar
rownessofpr
eput
ial
openi
ngpr
event
ingr
etr
act
ionandexposur
eof
gl
ans

167.Pat
hologi
c(t
rue)phi
mosi sseenaswhit
ishscar
ri
ngoff
oreski
nandr
arebef
ore5y
ear
sof
agecausedbybal
aniti
sxerot
icaobli
ter
ans.

168.Char
act
eri
sti
cfeat
ureofi
nfant
il
ehy
per
trophi
cpy
lor
icst
enosi
s=*
Proj
ect
il
enonv
il
lous
vomit
ingbet
ween2-8weeksofage*

169.*
Oli
veshapedtumor*f
eltonpal
pati
oni
ntheepi
gast
ri
um orr
ightupperquadr
anti
n
i
nfant
il
ehyper
trophi
cpyl
ori
cstenosi
s.

170.I
nfant
il
ehy
per
trophi
cpy
lor
icst
enosi
scl
assi
cal
l
ycauses*
hypochl
oraemi
chy
pokal
emi
c
met
abol
i
cal
kal
osi
s*

171.Testt
oconf
ir
mthedi
agnosi
sofi
nfant
il
ehy
per
trophi
cpy
lor
icst
enosi
s=*
Ult
rasound*

172.Tr
eatmentofchoi
cef
ori
nfant
il
ehy
per
trophi
cpy
lor
icst
enosi
s=*
Ramst
edt
s
pyl
oromyotomy*

173.I
ntussuscept
ionr
efer
stoi
nvagi
nat
ionofonepor
ti
onoft
hei
ntest
inei
ntoanadj
acent
segment.

174.I
ntussuscept
ionshoul
dbeconsi
der
edi
nanyi
nfantwi
thbl
oodyst
ool

175.Mostcommont
ypeofI
ntussuscept
ion=*
il
eocol
i
cty
pe*i
nchi
l
dren

176.*
Redcur
rantj
ell
yst
ool
*foundi
nInt
ussuscept
ion

177.Pal
pabl
esausageshapedmassi
nri
ghtupperquadr
ant=I
ntussuscept
ion

178.Di
agnost
ict
estofchoi
cef
orI
ntussuscept
ion=abdomi
nal
Us

179.*
Tar
getsi
gn*onUSf
oundi
nInt
ussuscept
ion

180.Nonoper
ati
vemanagementofI
ntussuscept
ion=*
pneumat
icenemar
educt
ion*

181.Pneumat
icenemar
educt
ioni
scont
rai
ndi
cat
edi
n*per
it
oni
ti
s&per
for
ati
on*

182.Leadpoi
ntsofI
ntussuscept
ion=Pey
er'
spatcheshy
perplasi
asecondar
ytov
iral
inf
ect
ion,
Meckeldiv
ert
icul
um,smallbowelly
mphoma,ent
eri
cdupli
cat
ioncyst

183.Mostcommoncongeni
tal
mal
for
mat
ion=*
congeni
tal
hear
tdi
sease*

184.Cl
i
nical
feat
ureofEsophageal
atr
esi
a=f
rot
hysal
i
vaandr
egur
git
ati
onofal
lfeeds

185.Mostcommont
ypeofEsophageal
atr
esi
a=*
Esophageal
atr
esi
awi
thdi
stal
TEF*(
TYPEC)

186.I
nplainx-
rayabdomen&thor
ax,
ifor
ogast
ri
ctubecoi
l
edi
sesophaguspl
usabdomi
nal
gas
=*Esophagealat
resi
awit
hTEF*

187.Inplai
nx-r
ayabdomenandt
hor
ax,
ifor
ogast
ri
ctubecoi
l
edi
nesophaguswi
thnogas=
*Esophagealat
resi
aonl
y*

188.Esophageal
atr
esi
awi
thnoTEF=*
Gast
rost
omyf
orf
eedi
nganddel
ayedpr
imar
yrepai
r*

189.Esophageal
atr
esi
awi
thTEF=*
Sur
gical
repai
rwi
thext
rapl
eur
alt
hor
acot
omywi
thi
n1-
2
daysofbir
th*

190.Bochdalekher
nia=mostcommonty
peofcongeni
tal
diaphr
agmat
icher
niaduet
o
poster
olat
eraldef
ect(90%l
eftsi
ded)
191.Morgagniherni
a=congeni
tal
diaphr
agmati
cherni
aduet
odef
ecti
nant
eri
ordi
aphr
agm,
associ
atedwit
ht r
isomy21&congenit
alhear
tdi
sease

192.Mai
npr
ognost
icf
act
orf
orcongeni
tal
diaphr
agmat
icher
nia=*
pul
monar
yhy
popl
asi
a*

193.Loopsofai
rfi
l
ledi
ntest
inei
nthor
axi
nCXR=congeni
tal
diaphr
agmat
icher
nia

194.Cl
ini
cal
feat
uresofduodenal
atr
esi
a=bi
l
iousv
omi
ti
ngf
rom bi
rt
h,epi
gast
ri
cful
l
nessand
dehydr
ati
on.

195.*
Doubl
ebubbl
esi
gn*f
oundonabdomi
nal
x-r
ay=duodenal
atr
esi
a

196.Sur
gical
repai
rforduodenal
atr
esi
a=*
duodenoduodenost
omy
*

197.Cl
ini
calf
eat
uresofj
ejunal
andi
leal
atr
esi
a=bili
ousvomit
ing,
dist
ensi
onandhi
ghpi
tched
bowelsound,
fai
l
uretopassamount
sofmeconium i
nfi
rst48hour
s.

198.Di
agnosi
sofj
ejunal
&il
eal
atr
esi
abyabdomi
nal
x-r
ay=*
dist
algasl
essbowel
loops*

199.Pat
hognomoni
cofcy
sti
cfi
brosi
s=*
meconi
um i
l
eus*

200.AXRofmeconi
um i
l
eusshows=*
soapbubbl
eappear
ance*i
nri
ghtl
owerquadr
ant

201.I
fcompl
i
cat
edmeconi
um i
l
eus(
atr
esi
a,v
olv
ulusorper
it
oni
ti
s)=*
Sur
gical
repai
r*

202.I
funcompl
i
cat
edmeconi
um i
l
eus=*
Gast
rogr
aff
inenema*

203.Cl
i
nical
feat
uresofmi
dgutv
olv
ulus=suddenonsetbi
l
iousv
omi
ti
ng,
pai
n,bl
oodonDRE

204.I
nvest
igat
iont
oconf
ir
mthedi
agnosi
sofmi
dgutv
olv
ulus=*
UpperGI(
wat
ersol
ubl
e)
contr
astst
udy*

205.Sur
gical
cor
rect
ionofmi
dgutv
olv
ulus=*
Ladd'
spr
ocedur
e*

206.I
nHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
sease,
bot
h*my
ent
eri
c&Mei
ssnerpl
exusar
eabsent
*

207.*
Transi
ti
onzone*i
sthej
unct
ionbet
weennor
mal
bowel
anddi
stal
agangl
i
oni
cbowel
.

208.Mostcommonl
yar
eaaf
fect
edi
nHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
sease=*
rect
um &si
gmoi
dcol
on*
(shor
tsegment
)

209.Cl
i
nicalf
eat
uresofHi
rschspr
ung'
sdisease=bi
l
iousorf
ecul
entv
omi
ti
ng,
pai
n,di
stensi
on,
fai
l
uretopassmeconi
um withi
n48hours.

210.Pot
ent
ial
l
yfat
alcompl
i
cat
ionofHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
sease=*
Ent
erocol
i
tis*

211.Mostaccur
atedi
agnost
ict
ool
forHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
sease=*
Rect
albi
opsy
*

212.ManagementofHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
sease=*
Tradi
ti
onal
thr
eest
agepr
ocedur
e*
213.Cont
rastenemai
nHi
rschspr
ung'
sdi
seaseshows=*
conel
esi
on*

214.Mostcommonanomal
yinbabi
esbor
ntomot
her
slesst
han20y
ear
sofage=
*Gast
roschi
sis*

215.Gast
roschi
sis=centr
alabdomi
nal
wal
ldef
ectt
other
ightoft
heumbi
l
icus(
her
niat
ionwi
th
nocoveri
ngmembr ane)

216.Usual
her
niat
edst
ruct
ureofGast
roschi
sis=*
midgut
*

217.Exomphal
os(
omphal
ocel
e)=cent
ral
abdomi
nal
wal
ldef
ectatt
heumbi
l
icus(
her
niat
ion
cover
edbymembrane)

218.Her
niat
edst
ruct
uresi
nomphal
ocel
e=*
midgut
,li
ver&possi
blyspl
een/
gonads*

219.I
fomphal
ocel
emi
nor
,def
ectl
esst
han5cm =*
Reduct
ion&cl
osur
ewi
thi
n24hour
s*

220.Ifomphalocel
emaj
or,
def
ectmor
ethan5cm =appl
i
cat
ionofsi
l
versul
phadi
azi
nepast
e&
stagedcl
osure.

221.Mostcommonextracrani
alsol
i
dtumori
nchi
l
dhood=*
neur
obl
ast
oma*(
ari
sef
rom
pri
mordi
alneur
alcr
estcell
s)

222.Mostcommonsi
teofneur
obl
ast
oma=*
Adr
enal
gland*

223.Opsocl
onus=r
api
dinv
olunt
aryey
emov
ement

224.My
ocl
onus=br
iefi
nvol
unt
arymuscl
etwi
tchi
ng

225.Opsomyocl
onussyndrome=*
opsocl
onus+my
ocl
onus+cer
ebel
l
arat
axi
a,aphasi
a,
l
ethar
gy,dr
ooli
ng&strabi
smus*

226.Mostcommonpr
imar
ymal
i
gnantr
enal
tumorofchi
l
dhood=*
Wil
m'st
umor
*

227.Wil
mst umorspresentas*
lar
ge,
asy
mpt
omat
ic,
flankmassi
nheal
thyt
oddl
erwhi
ch
doesn'
tcrossmidl
ine*

228.Pr
eoper
ati
vecar
diaov
ascul
arassessment=*
Gol
dmancar
diacr
iski
ndex*

229.I
deal
preoper
ati
vebp=*
lesst
han140/
90mmHg*

230.Ideal
preoper
ati
vebpi
ndi
abet
icpat
ient
s&wi
thchr
oni
cki
dneydi
sease=*
lesst
han
130/80mmHg*

231.I
fanewant
ihy
per
tensi
vei
sgi
vent
othepat
ient
,sur
ger
yshoul
dbedel
ayedf
or*
atl
east2
weeks*

232.El
ect
ivesur
ger
yshoul
dbedel
ayedf
or*
thr
eet
osi
xmont
hs*af
terapr
ovenMI
233.Sur
ger
yshoul
dbedel
ayedt
il
l*6weeks*af
terdual
ant
ipl
atel
ett
her
apyi
sst
oppedi
ncase
ofbaremet
alst
ent
s.

234.Sur
geryshoul
dbedelay
edt
il
l*12mont
hs*af
terdual
ant
ipl
atel
ett
her
apyi
sst
oppedi
n
caseofdrugel
uti
ngst
ents.

235.*
Stopcl
opi
dogr
el*andcont
inueaspi
ri
npr
eoper
ati
vel
yincaseofhi
ghr
iskofper
ioper
ati
ve
bl
eedi
ng.

236.*Stopwarf
ari
n5day
sbef
ore*sur
ger
yand*
star
tinf
usi
onofunf
ract
ionedhepar
in*when
I
NRf all
sbelow1.5

237.St
opi
nfusi
onofunf
ract
ionedhepar
in*
2hour
sbef
ore*sur
ger
y

238.I
nabi
li
tyofcl
imbtwofl
ight
sofst
air
sisan*
independentpr
edi
ctor
*ofper
ioper
ati
ve
morbi
dit
yinmajornoncar
diacsur
ger
y.

239.Pr
eoper
ati
ver
espi
rat
oryassessmenti
sdoneby*
Arozul
l
ahRespi
rat
oryf
ail
urei
ndex*

240.Smoker
sshoul
dst
opsmoki
ngatl
east*
4weeksbef
ore*sur
ger
y

241.El
ect
ivesurger
yshoul
dbepost
ponedi
nchesti
nfect
ion&r
eschedul
ed*
4-6weeksaf
ter
star
ti
nganti
biot
ics*

242.Preoperat
iveserum cr
eat
ini
nel
evel
of*
mor
ethan2mg/
dl*i
sani
ndependentr
iskf
act
or
forcar
diaccomplicat
ions.

243.Pati
entswi
thchroni
cendstager
enal
diseaseshoul
dunder
godi
aly
sis*
bef
oresur
ger
yas
wellasonthedayaft
ersurger
y*

244.I
npat i
entwi
thacut
ehepat
it
is,
elect
ivesur
ger
yshoul
dbepost
ponedunt
il*
LFTshav
e
normal
ized*

245.*
Chi
l
dPughscor
ingsy
stem*i
susedf
ort
heci
rr
hot
icpat
ient
sunder
goi
ngsur
ger
y

246.Ifchi
ld'
spughcl
assA&B=cor
rectasci
tes,
coagul
opat
hy,
encephal
opat
hyand*
proceedt
o
Surgery*

247.I
fchi
l
d'spughcl
assC=post
ponesur
ger
yunt
ili
mpr
ovedorcancel
sur
ger
y

248.*Par
acent
esi
swi
thsi
mul
taneousadmi
nist
rat
ionofal
bumi
n*i
sdi
agnost
ic&t
her
apeut
icf
or
asci
tes

249.*Metf
ormi
n*shoul
dbedisconti
nued24hoursbefor
e*cont
rastangi
ogr
aphy
*&r
est
art
ed
24-48hour
saft
erwar
dsduetoriskoflact
icaci
dosi
s.

250.Di
abet
icpat
ientshoul
dbe*
Fir
st*onoper
ati
ngpr
ior
it
yli
st.
251.Pat
ientwi
thi
nfect
ionshoul
dbe*
Last
*onoper
ati
ngpr
ior
it
yli
st.

252.*
Omi
tbr
eakf
ast&al
lor
alhy
pogl
ycemi
cont
hemor
ning*bef
oresur
ger
y

253.I
nmi
norsur
ger
y,checkbl
oodgl
ucosel
evel
*2hour
ly*

254.*
Omi
tbr
eakf
astandshor
tact
ingi
nsul
i
norpr
emi
xedi
nsul
i
nonmor
ning*bef
oresur
ger
y

255.I
fpat
ientt
akesl
ongact
ingi
nsul
i
n,*
hal
foft
heusual
doseshoul
dbegi
veni
nthemor
ning*
ofsur
gery

256.St
eroi
dequival
entdoses=125mgcort
isone,
100mgHy
drocor
ti
sone,
25mgpr
edni
sol
one,
20mgmet hyl
predni
solone,
4mgdex amet
hasone.

257.*
Bri
dget
her
apy
*indi
cat
edpr
eoper
ati
vel
yinpat
ient
staki
ngchr
oni
cant
icoagul
ati
on.

257.Indicat
ionsofbridgether
apy(
str
ongl
yrecommended)=hi
ghr
iskpr
ost
het
ichear
tval
ves,
chronicatri
alfi
bri
l
lat
ion,VTE

258.Pati
entswi
thmoderatet
ohighr
iskf
act
orsshoul
drecei
veVTEpr
ophy
laxi
s*wi
thi
n12-
24
hours*af
tersur
ger
yfor7-10day
s

259.Forveryhi
ghr
iskpat
ient
sVTEpr
ophy
laxi
sshoul
dst
art*
2-12hour
sbef
ore*or*
12-
24
hoursaft
er*sur
ger
yfor7-
10days

260.I
ndi
cat
ionsofpreoperat
ivepl
acementofI
VCf
il
ter=onant
icoagul
ant
sforl
esst
han*
2
weeks*f
orPE&pr oxi
mal DVT.

261.War
far
ini
s*cont
rai
ndi
cat
ed*dur
ingpr
egnancy
.

262.Ant
idot
eofwar
far
in=v
itami
nK&f
reshf
rozenpl
asma

263.Ant
idot
eofhepar
in=pr
otami
ne

264.Anti
plat
elet
sshoul
dbest
opped*
7-14day
sbef
ore*maj
orsur
ger
ytoav
oidr
iskof
uncont
roll
ablebl
eedi
ng

265.Cocpsshoul
dbedi
scont
inued*
4-6weekspr
eoper
ati
vel
y*

266.Li
thi
um shoul
dbest
opped*
24hour
spr
ior
*tosur
ger
y

267.Gener
alanest
hesi
ainducet
ri
adsof*
nar
cosi
s*,
*anal
gesi
a*&*
muscl
erel
axat
ion*

268.Est
imat
ionf
orri
skofanest
hesi
a&sur
ger
y=by*
Amer
icansoci
etyofanest
hesi
ascor
ing
syst
em*(ASAGradi
ngsyst
em)

269.Mostcommonr
out
eofGA=*
IV*

270.MostcommonI
VAgentf
orGAi
nduct
ion=*
propof
ol*
271.I
VGener
alAnest
hesi
ausef
uli
nneur
osur
ger
y=*
Thi
opent
one*

272.I
deal
choi
cef
orf
iel
dAnest
hesi
a=*
Ket
ami
ne*

273.Standar
drapidsequencei
nduct
ion(
RSI)consi
stofr
apidadmini
str
ati
onul
trashor
tact
ing
barbi
turat
e(t
hiopent
al)fol
l
owedbydepol
ari
zingmuscler
elaxant(
succi
nyl
chol
i
ne)

274.Mostcommoni
ndi
cat
ionofRSI=*
Emer
gencysur
ger
y*

275.Totalint
ravenousanaesthesi
a( TI
VA)consi
stofpropofol,
ult
rashor
tacti
ngopoi
d
(r
emifentanil
),neur
omuscularblockade&pulmonaryventi
l
ationwithamixt
ureofai
r&oxy
gen

276.Indi
cat
ionsofTIVA=neurosur
gical
procedur
es,
air
wayl
asersur
ger
y,dur
ing
cardi
opulmonaryby
pass,daycaseanest
hesia

277.Mostr
api
dact
ingdepol
ari
zi
ngmuscl
erel
axanti
s*Suxamet
honi
um*

278.Suxamet
honi
um i
scont
rai
ndi
cat
edi
npat
ient
spr
onet
o*hy
per
kal
emi
a*especi
all
ybur
n
vi
cti
ms.

279.Suxamet
honi
um maycause*
mal
i
gnanthy
per
ther
mia*

280.Sui
tabl
enondepol
ari
zi
ngmuscl
erel
axantf
orGAi
nrenal
&hepat
icf
ail
ure=*
Atr
acur
ium*

281.Rev
ersal
agentf
ornondepol
ari
zi
ngmuscl
erel
axanti
s*Neost
igmi
newi
that
ropi
ne*

282.Enfl
urane(I
nhal
ati
onalGA)shoul
dbeav
oidedi
n*pr
egnancy
*&i
tisassoci
atedwi
th
*f
luori
deinducednephr
otoxi
cit
y*

283.*
Isof
lur
ane*i
sthei
nhal
ati
onal
anest
het
icofchoi
cei
nmostsur
gical
procedur
es

284.Ni
tr
ousoxi
deshoul
dnotbeusedi
nthosewhohav
erecent
lybeen*
div
ing*

285.Li
gnocai
ne=3mg/
kgwi
thoutadr
enal
i
ne&7mg/
kgwi
thadr
enal
i
ne

286.Adrenali
ne*mustnot*begi
vennearendarter
ies(
fi
ngers,t
oes,
penis,
reti
nal
art
ery
)itmay
resul
tinischemi
cnecrosi
s&alsoshoul
dn'tbeusedinhyper
tensi
vepat
ients

287.Spi
nal
anest
hesi
aisachi
evedby*
singl
eshot
*local
anest
het
ici
ntol
umbari
ntr
athecal
space

288.Spi
nalanesthesi
amayr
esul
tinhy
pot
ensi
onsopat
ientshoul
dbepr
eloadedwi
thI
Vfl
uids
&vasoconstr
ict
ors.

289.Spi
nal
anest
hesi
ali
mit
edt
osur
ger
iesbel
owt
hesegment
all
evel
ofT10.

290.Mostcommoncompl
i
cat
ionofspi
nal
anest
hesi
a=*
spi
nal
headache*

291.Tr
eat
mentofsev
erespi
nal
headache=*
Bloodpat
chepi
dur
ali
nject
ion*
292.Epi
duralanest
hesi
aisi
deal
forpostoper
ati
vepai
nbutdoesn'
tpr
oduceadequat
eanal
gesi
a
forsur
gical
inter
vent
ion

293.Epi
dur
alanest
hesiashoul
dbepr ef
ormed12hour
saf
tera*
LMWHdose*andnextLMWH
doseshoul
dbedelayedbyatleast2hours

294.Tr
ansv
ersusabdomini
splaneblock(TAP)i
saper
ipher
alner
vebl
ockt
hatanest
hesi
zest
he
nerv
esuppl
yingant
eri
orabdominalwall*
(T6-
L1)*

295.Fiel
dblocki
nvol
vesinj
ect
ionoflocalanaest
heti
c*ar
oundt
heboundar
iesoft
hear
eat
obe
anesthet
ized*wi
thnoatt
empttolocalspecif
icner
ves

296.Ri
ngbl
ocki
sat
ypeoff
iel
dbl
ockwher
ethear
eat
obebl
ockedi
sa*
digi
tort
hepeni
s.*

297.Bi
ersbl
ockal
soknownasI
Vregi
onal
anest
hesi
a*(
excel
l
entf
orshor
tsur
ger
ypar
ti
cul
arl
y
upperl
i
mb) *

298.Mostcommonagentusedi
nbi
ersbl
ock=*
pri
l
ocai
ne*

299.Bupi
vacai
nei
s*cont
rai
ndi
cat
ed*i
nbi
ersbl
ockasi
tmaycausecar
diacar
rest
.

300.Tor
niquetdi
stal
cuf
fmustnotbedef
lat
ed*
for20mi
nut
es*t
opr
eventsy
stemi
ctoxi
cit
y

301.Mof
fat
'ssol
uti
oni
sat
ypeoft
opi
cal
Anest
hesi
acont
ain*
cocai
ne*usedi
n*nasal
sur
ger
y*

302.Tr
icy
cli
cinhi
bit
ors&ant
iconv
ulsantdr
ugsar
ethe*
mai
nst
ayoft
reat
ment
*forneur
opat
hic
pai
n.

303.*
Ner
vedecompr
essi
oncr
ani
otomy
*issui
tabl
efort
ri
gemi
nal
neur
algi
a

304.Par
acet
amol
&NSAI
Dsar
ethe*
mai
nst
ayoft
reat
ment
*formuscul
oskel
etal
pai
n*

305.*
Neur
oly
sis*i
susef
ulf
orMal
i
gnantpai
ninpat
ient
swhosel
i
feexpect
ancyi
sli
mit
ed

306.Si
gni
fi
cantwei
ghtl
ossi
s*power
ful
predi
ctor
*ofmor
tal
i
ty

307.Wei
ghtl
oss(
%)=(
[usual
wei
ght-pr
esentwei
ght
]/usual
wei
ght
)×100

308.Adj
ust
edbodywei
ght=i
deal
bodywei
ght+0.
4(act
ual
wei
ght-i
deal
bodywei
ght
)

309.BMI=wei
ght
(kg)
/hei
ght
²(met
er²
)

310.Basalener
gyexpendi
tur
erequi
rementf
ormostst
ressedpat
ient
sar
ear
ound*
25-
35
kcal
/kg/day*

311.Appr
opr
iat
ecal
ori
eni
tr
ogenr
ati
ois*
150:
1*

312.Appr
opr
iat
ecal
ori
epr
otei
nrat
ioi
s*24:
1*
313.Dai
l
yPr
otei
nrequi
rementi
sappr
oxi
mat
ely*
1.5gperkgbodywei
ght
*

314.Rout
esofent
eral
feedi
ngf
orl
esst
han4weeks=nasogast
ri
c,nasoduodenal
,nasoj
ejunal
.

315.Rout
esofent
eral
feedi
ngf
ormor
ethan4weeks=Gast
rost
omy
,jej
unost
omy

316.Peri
pher
alpar
enteral
nut
ri
ti
on(PPN)isindi
cat
edinpat
ient
swithcompr
omi
sedgut
funct
ionandwhorequir
eshor
tterm nut
ri
ti
onfor*l
esst
han10-14days*

317.PPNi
sinf
usedv
ia18gaugeI
Vcannul
ainaper
ipher
alv
ein

318.Tot
alparent
eralnutr
it
ion(TPN)isi
ndi
catedi
npat
ient
swi
thcompr
omi
sedgutf
unct
ionand
whorequi
relongterm nutr
it
ionfor*
morethan10-
14days*

319.TPNisi
nfusedvi
asingl
eli
mbcentr
alvenouscathet
eri
nSVCv
iasubcl
avi
anori
nter
nal
j
ugularv
einORininf
eri
orVenaCav
aviafemoralvei
n

320.Fl
uidlossoccursby4waysondail
ybasi
s=byl
ungs(400ml
/day
),byski
n(600-
100
ml/day
),byfeces(60-150ml
/day
),byur
ine(
1500ml
/day
)

321.Mini
mum ur
ineout
putof*
400ml
/day
*isr
equi
redt
oexcr
etet
heendpr
oduct
sofpr
otei
n
metaboli
sm

322.Dai
l
yFl
uidr
equi
rementi
n70kgmani
s*110ml
/hror2640ml
/day
*

323.Iti
srecommendedt
hatcannul
aear
e*mar
kedwi
tht
hedat
eofi
nser
ti
onandchangedat72
hours*

324.Patencyofar
ter
iescheckby*
All
en'
stest
*bef
orei
nser
ti
nganar
ter
ial
li
net
opr
eventf
inger
necrosi
s

325.Mostcommoncauseofpostoper
ati
vedy
spnea&r
api
dshal
l
owbr
eat
hingi
s*al
veol
ar
col
lapse*

326.*
Homanssi
gn*i
sfoundi
nDVT

327.Retur
noff
unct
ionofbowel
aft
ersur
ger
yoccur
sinor
der:
*smal
lbowel
>lar
gebowel
>
stomach.*

328.Postoperati
vefev
er=5W'
s:wi
nd(
lungs)
,wat
er(
UTI
),wound(
inf
ect
ion)
,wal
ki
ng(
DVT)
,
wonder(react
ions).

329.Wounddehi
scencemostcommonlyoccursf
rom *
5thto8t
h*postoper
ati
veday
,most
lyi
n
abdomi
nalwounds,pr
esentwi
th*ser
osangui
nousdi
schar
ge*.