Amani Aljboor:

uestions:

What are the main types of organic compounds mentioned in the text?
a) Carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
b) Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
c) Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
d) Lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

What is the energy currency of life mentioned in the text?

a) DNA
b) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
c) RNA
d) Nucleic acids

Which process requires nutrients as well as light for primary production?

a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Regulation
d) Metabolism

What is the most important form of nitrogen in the ocean according to the text?
a) Nitrate (NO3
)
b) Ammonia (NH3)
c) Nitrite (NO2
)
d) Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Which compound is mentioned as the main source of phosphorus in the text?

a) Phosphatase
b) Orthophosphate
c) Pyrophosphate
d) Phosphate (PO4
)

Which organisms require large amounts of silica (SiO2) to make their shells?
a) Seaweeds
b) Algae
c) Diatoms, radiolarians, and silicoflagellates
d) Coral reefs

What is in critically short supply in large parts of the ocean according to the text?
a) Nitrogen
b) Phosphorus
c) Silica
d) Iron
According to the text, what do primary producers use large amounts of nitrogen for?
a) Making ATP
b) Making carbohydrates
c) Making proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds
d) Making lipids

What are the chemicals that contain carbon, hydrogen, and usually oxygen referred to as in the text?
a) Inorganic compounds
b) Organic compounds
c) Nutrients
d) Minerals

What is the net gain in organic matter that occurs when autotrophs make more organic matter than
they respire called?
a) Primary production
b) Secondary production
c) Tertiary production
d) Decomposition

Answer Key:

c) Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

b) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
b) Photosynthesis
a) Nitrate (NO3
)
d) Phosphate (PO4
)
c) Diatoms, radiolarians, and silicoflagellates
d) Iron
c) Making proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds
b) Organic compounds
a) Primary production

Questions:

What are the two main methods for moving materials across a membrane mentioned in the text?
a) Active transport and osmoregulation
b) Diffusion and osmosis
c) Osmoconforming and nekton
d) Planktonic and benthic organisms

Which type of marine organisms adjust their internal concentrations to avoid osmotic problems?
a) Nekton organisms
b) Planktonic organisms
c) Osmoconformers
d) Benthic organisms
What does diffusion refer to in the context of ion and molecule movement?
a) Movement from low to high concentration
b) Movement from high to low concentration
c) Movement across a selectively permeable membrane
d) Movement of water molecules only

How do some marine organisms adapt to different salinities?

a) By maintaining a constant internal concentration
b) By adjusting the temperature of the water
c) By changing their habitat
d) By adjusting the concentration of solutes in their body fluids

Which organisms drift in the water according to the text?

a) Planktonic organisms
b) Benthic organisms
c) Nekton organisms
d) Osmoconformers

What is the main challenge faced by planktonic, benthic, and nekton organisms in the marine
environment?
a) Regulating water temperature
b) Diffusing water across a selectively permeable membrane
c) Maintaining the proper balance of water and salts
d) Avoiding predation from larger marine organisms

Which type of organisms live on the bottom of the marine environment?

a) Planktonic organisms
b) Benthic organisms
c) Nekton organisms
d) Osmoconformers

What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?

a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Active transport
d) Osmoregulation

What term is used to describe organisms that are strong swimmers in the marine environment?
a) Planktonic organisms
b) Benthic organisms
c) Nekton organisms
d) Osmoregulators

Which method of moving materials across a membrane requires the cell to use energy?
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Osmoregulation
d) Active transport
Answer Key:

b) Diffusion and osmosis

c) Osmoconformers
b) Movement from high to low concentration
d) By adjusting the concentration of solutes in their body fluids
a) Planktonic organisms
c) Maintaining the proper balance of water and salts
b) Benthic organisms
b) Osmosis
c) Nekton organisms
d) Active transport

Questions:

What is the osmoregulatory strategy for most marine fishes in relation to their body fluids in
comparison to seawater?

A) They maintain body fluids more concentrated than seawater

B) They maintain body fluids more dilute than seawater
C) They do not need to regulate their body fluids
D) They transfer excess salt to seawater
How do marine fishes replace the lost water in their bodies?

A) By excreting excess salts through the gills

B) By conserving water and producing a lot of urine
C) By actively drinking seawater
D) By absorbing salts from the surrounding seawater
What is the main organ through which marine fishes excrete excess salts?

A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Gills
D) Stomach
What problem do fresh water fishes encounter in relation to salt concentration?

A) Their blood has a lower concentration of salt than the surrounding water
B) Their blood has a higher concentration of salt than the surrounding water
C) They do not have any salt regulation mechanisms
D) They do not take in water by osmosis
How do marine plants and most algae resist the swelling caused by osmotic water gain?

A) They actively excrete excess salt

B) They have a rigid cell wall
C) They drink large amounts of water
D) They have specialized salt glands
In which organisms is temperature an important factor in determining their distribution in the
ocean?

A) Marine birds and reptiles

B) All marine organisms
C) Polar species and tropical species
D) Marine plants and algae
What factor causes metabolic reactions to slow down in organisms?

A) High temperatures
B) Low temperatures
C) Osmotic pressure
D) Salinity
Why do many polar species have enzymes that work best at low temperatures?

A) They cannot tolerate warm water

B) They need high temperatures to survive
C) They migrate to tropical regions
D) They have no regulation of enzyme activity
What type of species cannot tolerate warm water based on the information provided?

A) Marine birds and reptiles

B) Fresh water fishes
C) Polar species
D) Tropical species
What role does temperature play in relation to different organisms in the ocean?

A) It does not affect the distribution of organisms

B) It determines where organisms are found in the ocean
C) It influences the salinity of the water
D) It regulates the metabolic rate of organisms
Answer Key:

B) They maintain body fluids more dilute than seawater

C) By actively drinking seawater
C) Gills
B) Their blood has a higher concentration of salt than the surrounding water
B) They have a rigid cell wall
C) Polar species and tropical species
B) Low temperatures
A) They cannot tolerate warm water
D) Tropical species
B) It determines where organisms are found in the ocean

Questions:

According to the text, what is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms in terms of body
temperature regulation?
A) Ectotherms generate metabolic heat, while endotherms quickly lose body temperature.
B) Ectotherms retain metabolic heat and raise body temperature, while endotherms lose body
temperature quickly.
C) Ectotherms quickly lose metabolic heat and do not raise body temperature, while endotherms
retain metabolic heat and raise body temperature.
D) Ectotherms do not generate metabolic heat, while endotherms quickly raise body temperature.
What is the relationship between ectotherms and poikilotherms?

A) All ectotherms are also endotherms.

B) The body temperature of poikilotherms changes along with the temperature of the surroundings.
C) Ectotherms are able to regulate their internal temperature.
D) The body temperature of ectotherms does not change with the temperature of the surroundings.
How do mammals and birds differ from ectotherms in terms of temperature regulation?

A) They retain metabolic heat and become sluggish in cold water.

B) They can keep their body temperature constant when the external temperature varies.
C) They are categorized as poikilotherms.
D) Their body temperature changes rapidly with the temperature of the surroundings.
Why is the surface-to-volume ratio important for marine organisms?

A) It determines the size of the organism.

B) It affects the availability of nutrients in the environment.
C) It determines how rapidly heat and materials flow in and out.
D) It is irrelevant to the survival of marine organisms.
What happens to the S/V ratio as organisms grow larger?

A) The surface area increases faster than the volume.

B) The surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
C) The volume increases faster than the surface area.
D) The S/V ratio remains constant regardless of the size of the organism.
How do small organisms rely on the exchange of materials compared to larger organisms?

A) Small organisms rely on complex diffusion processes.

B) Small organisms rely on respiratory and excretory systems.
C) Small organisms can rely on simple diffusion across their surfaces.
D) Small organisms do not exchange materials with the environment.
According to the text, what are some supplementary mechanisms that larger organisms must
develop for the exchange of materials?

A) Digestive and circulatory systems.

B) Nervous and muscular systems.
C) Respiratory and excretory systems.
D) Immune and reproductive systems.
Which organisms are commonly referred to as "cold-blooded" in the text?

A) Mammals and birds

B) Ectotherms
C) Endotherms
D) Poikilotherms
What do organisms categorize according to, as mentioned in the text?

A) Their ability to retain metabolic heat

B) Their body temperature regulation
C) Their respiratory capacity
D) Their size and shape
How do endotherms affect their body temperature compared to organisms like ectotherms?

A) Endotherms do not generate metabolic heat.

B) Endotherms quickly lose body temperature.
C) Endotherms retain metabolic heat and raise body temperature.
D) Endotherms do not raise body temperature.
Answer Key:

C) Ectotherms quickly lose metabolic heat and do not raise body temperature, while endotherms
retain metabolic heat and raise body temperature.
B) The body temperature of poikilotherms changes along with the temperature of the surroundings.
B) They can keep their body temperature constant when the external temperature varies.
C) It determines how rapidly heat and materials flow in and out.
C) The volume increases faster than the surface area.
C) Small organisms can rely on simple diffusion across their surfaces.
C) Respiratory and excretory systems.
B) Ectotherms
B) Their body temperature regulation
C) Endotherms retain metabolic heat and raise body temperature

Questions:

What unifying concept helps make the diversity of life in the sea comprehensible?
a) Natural selection
b) Genetic makeup
c) Theory of evolution
d) Biological classification

What is the result of natural selection in a population?

a) Increase in genetic variability
b) Rapid environmental change
c) Continual adaptation
d) Genetic stability

What concept is used to give a universally accepted name to different types of organisms?
a) Evolutionary theory
b) Biological species concept
c) Binomial nomenclature
d) Genetic makeup

According to the Biological Species Concept, what defines a species?

a) Ability to survive in a specific environment
b) Common genetic makeup
c) Common characteristics and successful breeding
d) Adaptation to changing environmental conditions

What is the purpose of a genus in biological classification?

a) To group together unrelated species
b) To provide specific species names
c) To classify organisms based on habitat
d) To group very similar species

Which system is used to identify species by two names, the name of their genus and a species
name?
a) Binomial nomenclature
b) Biological classification system
c) Genetic identification system
d) Taxonomical nomenclature

What is the underlined or italicized two-name system used to identify species called?
a) Uninomial nomenclature
b) Binomial nomenclature
c) Trinomial nomenclature
d) Monomial nomenclature

How are binomial names formatted by convention?

a) Both names fully capitalized
b) The genus name underlined
c) The species epithet fully capitalized
d) Both names underlined or italicized

According to the passage, what does the first letter of the generic name in binomial nomenclature
indicate?
a) Unique genetic makeup
b) Environmental preference
c) Species evolution
d) Genus specificity

According to the Biological Species Concept, what happens when two populations are unable to
interbreed successfully?
a) They are classified in the same species
b) They are reproductively isolated
c) They undergo rapid adaptation
d) They evolve into different species

Answer Key:

c) Theory of evolution
c) Continual adaptation
c) Binomial nomenclature
c) Common characteristics and successful breeding
d) To group very similar species
a) Binomial nomenclature
b) Binomial nomenclature
d) Both names underlined or italicized
c) Species evolution
b) They are reproductively isolated

Questions:

What is the primary goal of biological classification?

A. Group organisms according to their color

B. Assign agreed names to organisms
C. Group organisms based on their habitat
D. Classify organisms based on their size
According to the passage, what does "related" mean in biological classification?

A. Sharing similar appearance

B. Sharing a common evolutionary history
C. Living in the same geographic location
D. Having similar feeding habits
How are closely related groups and distantly related groups differentiated in terms of common
ancestors?

A. Closely related groups evolved from more recent common ancestors

B. Distantly related groups evolved from more recent common ancestors
C. Closely related groups evolved from ancient common ancestors
D. Distantly related groups evolved from ancient common ancestors
What is the study of evolutionary relationships called?

A. Evolutionary Science
B. Phylogenetics
C. Taxonomy
D. Genetics
Which term is used for grouping species that are very closely related?

A. Species group
B. Genus
C. Family
D. Taxon
How are genera with similar phylogenies grouped together?

A. Into the same species

B. Into the same order
C. Into a larger group called a family
D. Into a distinct category called genus
According to the passage, what is the hierarchy of taxa arranged from the most general to the most
specific classification?

A. Family, genus, species

B. Species, genus, family
C. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
D. Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
In the traditional system, how many kingdoms were widely accepted?

A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
Besides Animalia and Plantae, which other kingdoms were included in the traditional system of
classification?

A. Fungi, Bacteria, and Protists

B. Monera, Viruses, and Bacteria
C. Fungi, Archaea, and Protists
D. Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses
Why are viruses not included in the traditional system of classification according to the passage?

A. Because they are not alive

B. Because they are classified as protists
C. Because their RNA and cellular chemistry do not fit into any kingdom
D. Because they are too small to be classified
Answer Key:

B
B
A
B
B
C
C
C
A
A

Questions:

What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

A) Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.

B) Vertebrates have cellular level of organization, while invertebrates have true tissues and organs.
C) Vertebrates are exclusively marine, while invertebrates are not.
D) Vertebrates filter water for food, while invertebrates do not.
What percentage of all animal species are invertebrates?
A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 97%
D) 100%
What is the level of organization of sponges?

A) Tissue and organ level

B) Cellular level
C) Organelle level
D) System level
What is the unique body plan classification of sponges?

A) Phylum Spongiforma
B) Phylum Mollusca
C) Phylum Porifera
D) Phylum Cnidaria
What type of feeder are sponges considered to be?

A) Detritus feeders
B) Suspension feeders
C) Deposit feeders
D) Filter feeders
What is the function of choanocytes in sponges?

A) Creating currents in the water

B) Trapping food particles
C) Ingesting food particles
D) All of the above
How do sponges reproduce asexually?

A) By producing gamete
B) When branches or buds grow into separate sponges
C) By releasing eggs into the water for fertilization
D) By laying eggs in the sediment for hatching
What do sponges filter out and eat as water circulates through their canals?

A) Plankton and organic particles

B) Plant matter
C) Sediment
D) Algae
What covers the outer surface of sponges?

A) Flat cells called pinacocytes

B) Tube-like pore cells called porocytes
C) Collar cells called choanocytes
D) All of the above
What is the large opening on the top of a sponge through which water leaves?
A) Ostia
B) Osculum
C) Choanocyte
D) Pore cell
Answer Key:

A) Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.

C) 97%
B) Cellular level
C) Phylum Porifera
D) Filter feeders
D) All of the above
B) When branches or buds grow into separate sponges
A) Plankton and organic particles
D) All of the above
B) Osculum

Questions:

What is the approximate number of known species of sponges?

a) 7,000
b) 8,000
c) 9,000
d) 10,000

In which type of waters do the largest number of sponge species inhabit?

a) Polar waters
b) Temperate waters
c) Tropical waters
d) Deep-water sediments

How do sponges grow in terms of their shapes and sizes?

a) Geometric shapes
b) Flat structures
c) Varying sizes and forms
d) Spherical shapes

What do encrusting sponges form on rocks or dead coral?

a) Dense, hard masses
b) Smooth and slimy layers
c) Thin, sometimes brightly colored growths
d) Jagged and irregular shapes

Where do glass sponges, such as the Venus flower basket sponge, live anchored?
a) Shallow tropical waters
b) Polar regions
c) Deep-water sediments
d) Coastal reefs

Which material forms the lace-like skeleton of glass sponges?

a) Calcium carbonate
b) Siliceous spicules
c) Chitinous fibers
d) Keratin layers

Which type of sponge is described as living anchored in deep-water sediments?

a) Encrusting sponges
b) Glass sponges
c) Branching sponges
d) Tubular sponges

In which type of environment would one most likely find a branching sponge?
a) Shallow tropical waters
b) Deep-water sediments
c) Polar regions
d) Temperate waters

What is the primary function of the fused siliceous spicules in glass sponges?
a) Protection
b) Reproduction
c) Filtering of food particles
d) Structural support

Based on the information in the text, where are sponges most diverse in terms of species?
a) Coastal reefs
b) Polar waters
c) Tropical waters
d) Deep-sea trenches

Answer Key:

c) 9,000
c) Tropical waters
c) Varying sizes and forms
c) Thin, sometimes brightly colored growths
c) Deep-water sediments
b) Siliceous spicules
b) Glass sponges
a) Shallow tropical waters
d) Structural support
c) Tropical waters

Questions:

What is the phylum of cnidarians sometimes called coelenterates?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Mollusca
What type of symmetry do cnidarians display?

A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Asymmetry
C) Radial symmetry
D) Spherical symmetry
How are the body parts arranged in animals with radial symmetry?

A) Randomly
B) As a straight line
C) Around a central axis
D) Around a central point
Where is the mouth located in cnidarians?

A) On the side of the body

B) At the bottom
C) Centrally located
D) At the top
What is the function of the tentacles in cnidarians?

A) Breathing
B) Digestion
C) Locomotion
D) Food capture
What is the gut structure of cnidarians?

A) It is a complete digestive system

B) It is a blind cavity with only one opening
C) It is an elongated tube
D) It is a simple sac
What are nematocysts in cnidarians used for?

A) Sensing the environment

B) Reproduction
C) Protection
D) Capturing prey
Which stage of the hydrozoans develop minute, transparent medusae?

A) Reproductive polyps
B) Feathery colonies
C) Planktonic medusae
D) Free-swimming planula larvae
How do the fertilized eggs of hydrozoans develop?
A) Into polyps
B) Into medusae
C) Into gametes
D) Into planula larvae
What is the function of the planula larvae in hydrozoans?

A) Feeding
B) Reproduction
C) Locomotion
D) Settling and developing into a polyp
Answer Key:

B) Cnidaria
C) Radial symmetry
C) Around a central axis
C) Centrally located
D) Food capture
B) It is a blind cavity with only one opening
D) Capturing prey
A) Reproductive polyps
B) Into medusae
D) Settling and developing into a polyp

Questions:

What is the dominant stage of the life cycle of scyphozoans?

A. Polyps
B. Medusae
C. Colonies
D. Clones
What differentiates anthozoans from scyphozoans?

A. They have a hard exoskeleton

B. They lack a medusa stage
C. They primarily exist in tropical waters
D. They have complex nervous systems
What is the purpose of the septa in the gut of anthozoan polyps?

A. To aid in swimming
B. To provide support and surface area for digestion
C. To protect against predators
D. To camouflage in their environment
What type of skeletons do gorgonians, a type of colonial anthozoans, secrete?

A. Calcium carbonate
B. Chitin
C. Protein
D. Silica
What do cnidarians use primarily to capture prey?

A. Tentacles
B. Nematocysts
C. Siphonophores
D. Pseudopods
What is the function of the nematocyst in capturing prey?

A. To wrap around the prey

B. To inject toxins
C. To puncture the prey
D. To create a sticky web
How do some anemones identify whether other members are part of the same clone?

A. By their size
B. By their coloration
C. By using special nematocysts
D. By their movement patterns
What is the purpose of the primitive eyes in some scyphozoan medusae?

A. To communicate with other medusae

B. To form images
C. To navigate through the water
D. To detect prey
What is the significant difference between the swimming abilities of scyphozoans and other
cnidarians?

A. They have no swimming abilities

B. They are propelled mostly by tentacles
C. Their ability is rhythmically contracted but limited
D. They have sophisticated propulsion mechanisms
How does the nervous system of cnidarians enable relatively sophisticated behaviors?

A. By forming a complex brain structure

B. By interconnecting specialized nerve cells
C. By a network of electric impulses
D. By processing visual information
Answer Key:

B. Medusae
B. They lack a medusa stage
B. To provide support and surface area for digestion
C. Protein
B. Nematocysts
B. To inject toxins
C. By using special nematocysts
B. To form images
C. Their ability is rhythmically contracted but limited
B. By interconnecting specialized nerve cells

Questions:

Which body symmetry has a front and rear end?

a) Radial symmetry
b) Bilateral symmetry
c) Asymmetrical
d) Spherical symmetry

What is found at the anterior end of bilaterally symmetrical animals?

a) Tail
b) Head with a brain
c) Shell
d) Wings

In what way are flatworms structurally oriented?

a) Dorsolateral
b) Bilaterally
c) Radially
d) Ventrolaterally

What is the significance of the presence of a central nervous system in flatworms?

a) It allows them to fly
b) It aids in digestion
c) It helps in storing and processing information
d) It helps in reproduction

Which group of flatworms mainly consists of free-living carnivores?

a) Flukes
b) Tapeworms
c) Turbellarians
d) Planarians

What is the primary characteristic of flukes, or trematodes?

a) They are herbivores
b) They are parasites
c) They are free-living carnivores
d) They are omnivores

Where are flukes commonly found?

a) In plants
b) In soil
c) In marine animals
d) In freshwater bodies
What is the primary habitat of tapeworms?
a) Marine environment
b) Terrestrial environment
c) Intestine of vertebrates
d) Tree trunks

What is unique about tapeworms' body structure?

a) They have a single body segment
b) They have a long body consisting of repeated units
c) They have a spherical body
d) They have a rigid exoskeleton

What is the remarkable length that tapeworms can reach according to the text?
a) 10 meters
b) 20 meters
c) 30 meters
d) 40 meters

Answer Key:

b) Bilateral symmetry
b) Head with a brain
c) Radially
c) It helps in storing and processing information
c) Turbellarians
b) They are parasites
c) In marine animals
c) Intestine of vertebrates
b) They have a long body consisting of repeated units
d) 40 meters

Questions:

Which phylum do ribbon worms belong to?

a) Phylum Nematoda
b) Phylum Annelida
c) Phylum Nemertea
d) Phylum Platyhelminthes

What is the most distinctive feature of ribbon worms?

a) Complete digestive tract
b) Reduced body cavity
c) Circulatory system
d) Proboscis

How do ribbon worms use their proboscis?

a) To extend their body length
b) To transport oxygen
c) To entangle prey
d) To digest food

Where are most species of ribbon worms found?

a) Freshwater lakes
b) Deep sea
c) Shallow temperate waters
d) Polar regions

What do nematodes primarily feed on?

a) Worms and crustaceans
b) Bacteria and organic matter
c) Small fish
d) Algae and plankton

What is the main function of the body cavity in nematodes?

a) To store food
b) To provide support for the body
c) To transport oxygen
d) To aid in locomotion

Which phylum are nematodes classified under?

a) Phylum Nematoda
b) Phylum Nemertea
c) Phylum Annelida
d) Phylum Platyhelminthes

Where are nematode parasites commonly found?

a) In shallow temperate waters
b) In sediments rich in organic matter
c) In polar regions
d) In deep sea environments

What is the shape of nematodes' bodies?

a) Flat and elongated
b) Slender and cylindrical
c) Spherical
d) Triangular and pointed

What acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in nematodes?

a) Blood
b) Muscles
c) Body cavity fluid
d) Exoskeleton

Answer Key:

c) Phylum Nemertea
d) Proboscis
c) To entangle prey
c) Shallow temperate waters
b) Bacteria and organic matter
b) To provide support for the body
a) Phylum Nematoda
b) In sediments rich in organic matter
b) Slender and cylindrical
c) Body cavity fluid

nt Questions:

What is the phylum of the arrow worms?

a) Chaetognatha
b) Annelida
c) Nematoda
d) Platyhelminthes

How many known species of arrow worms are there?

a) 13
b) 130
c) 1,300
d) 13,000

What type of carnivores are arrow worms?

a) Herbivores
b) Omnivores
c) Voracious carnivores
d) Scavengers

What are the flattened extensions on the body segments of most polychaetes called?
a) Tentacles
b) Parapodia
c) Appendages
d) Setae

What system do polychaetes have for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide?
a) Open circulatory system
b) Closed circulatory system
c) Respiratory system
d) Digestive system

What are the segments of segmented worms known as?

a) Compartments
b) Regions
c) Divisions
d) Parts
What surrounds the coelom in segmented worms, developing from the mesoderm?
a) Muscle tissue
b) Connective tissue
c) Nerve tissue
d) Epithelial tissue

What is the importance of the coelom and segments in segmented worms?

a) They act as a hydrostatic skeleton
b) They aid in reproduction
c) They store nutrients
d) They provide sensory functions

What do the gills of polychaetes allow for?

a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Absorption of oxygen
c) Filtration of water
d) Protection from predators

What is the process of absorbing oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide known as in polychaetes?
a) Nutrient exchange
b) Gas exchange
c) Respiratory exchange
d) Metabolic exchange

Answer Key:

a) Chaetognatha
b) 130
c) Voracious carnivores
b) Parapodia
b) Closed circulatory system
a) Compartments
b) Connective tissue
a) They act as a hydrostatic skeleton
b) Absorption of oxygen
c) Gas exchange

ent Questions:

What is the typical length range of polychaetes?

A) 1 to 3 cm
B) 5 to 10 cm
C) 15 to 20 cm
D) 25 to 30 cm
How do crawling polychaetes, like most sandworms (Nereis), obtain their prey?

A) Through photosynthesis
B) By scavenging
C) As herbivores
D) As carnivores
What are the parapodia used for in polychaetes?

A) Feeding
B) Locomotion
C) Gas exchange
D) Sensory perception
What is the typical characteristic of most molluscs' bodies?

A) Segmented
B) Unsegmented
C) Radially symmetrical
D) Asymmetrical
What is the function of the radula in molluscs?

A) Gas exchange
B) Locomotion
C) Capturing prey
D) Digesting food
How do most molluscs obtain their food using the radula?

A) By suction feeding
B) By filtering water
C) By rasping food from surfaces
D) By seizing prey with tentacles
What is the role of the mantle in molluscs?

A) Secreting the shell

B) Gas exchange
C) Capturing prey
D) Locomotion
How do polychaetes capture prey, as described in the text?

A) Through osmosis
B) By scraping algae
C) By burrowing in the sand
D) Using a proboscis armed with jaws
Which body part of the polychaetes is used in locomotion?

A) Mantle
B) Proboscis
C) Parapodia
D) Gills
What is a unique feature of the polychaetes' head?

A) Numerous pairs of eyes and sense organs

B) A hard exoskeleton
C) A large tail for swimming
D) A single pair of eyes and simple sensory organs
Answer Key:

B) 5 to 10 cm
D) As carnivores
B) Locomotion
B) Unsegmented
C) Capturing prey
C) By rasping food from surfaces
A) Secreting the shell
D) Using a proboscis armed with jaws
C) Parapodia
A) Numerous pairs of eyes and sense organs

Questions:

What is the meaning of the term "gastropod"?

a) Foot with stomach
b) Shell-less creature
c) Stomach footed
d) Coiled body

What distinguishes nudibranchs from other gastropods?

a) They are carnivores
b) They have coiled shells
c) They are filter feeders
d) They have lost their shells

How do most gastropods obtain their food?

a) By burrowing in sand or mud
b) By filtering small food particles from the water
c) By using their shovel-shaped foot
d) By scraping algae from rocks

What is the main characteristic of bivalves' shells?

a) They are coiled
b) They have two parts
c) They are flat
d) They are brightly colored

What is the primary function of the gills in bivalves?

a) Obtaining oxygen
b) Production of noxious chemicals
c) Filtering small food particles
d) Burrowing in sand or mud
How do bivalves close their valves?
a) By using their shovel-shaped foot
b) By fusion of the edge of the mantle
c) By expansion and folding of the gills
d) By using strong adductor muscles

What distinguishes snails, limpets, and abalones as members of the gastropod family?
a) They are carnivores
b) They have lost their shells
c) They have coiled shells
d) They use their radula to obtain food

Approximately how many species of gastropods are there, mostly found in marine environments?
a) 7,000
b) 9,200
c) 70,000
d) 92,000

Which group of molluscs includes clams, mussels, and oysters?

a) Gastropods
b) Nudibranchs
c) Bivalves
d) Whelks

What is the defensive mechanism used by nudibranchs?

a) Filter feeding
b) Use of their shovel-shaped foot
c) Production of noxious chemicals
d) Burrowing in sand or mud

Answer Key:

c) Stomach footed
d) They have lost their shells
d) By scraping algae from rocks
b) They have two parts
a) Obtaining oxygen
d) By using strong adductor muscles
c) They have coiled shells
c) 70,000
c) Bivalves
c) Production of noxious chemicals

Questions:

What is the primary function of the shiny layers of calcium carbonate secreted by pearl oysters?
A) Protecting the inner surface of the shell
B) Attracting parasites for nourishment
C) Forming commercially valuable pearls
D) Modifying the shape of the shell

According to the text, what is modified into arms and tentacles in cephalopods?
A) The mantle
B) The foot
C) The siphon
D) The shell

Why do cephalopods emit a cloud of dark fluid produced by the ink sac, as mentioned in the text?
A) To communicate with other cephalopods
B) To paralyze their prey
C) To distract potential predators
D) To aid in buoyancy while swimming

Which creature has a thick and muscular mantle that protects its rounded body?
A) Squid
B) Cuttlefish
C) Octopus
D) Oyster

How do oysters attach themselves to a hard surface?

A) By secreting calcium carbonate
B) By using their suckers to grip the surface
C) By cementing their left shell
D) By drilling into the surface with their beak

What is the main distinguishing feature of octopuses among cephalopods?

A) Lack of a shell
B) Ability to camouflage
C) Enhanced swimming ability
D) Use of ink sac for defense

What is the primary function of the "cuttlebone" in cuttlefishes?

A) Protecting the internal organs
B) Aiding in buoyancy
C) Storing excess food
D) Attracting mates

What is the significance of the eyes of cephalopods being "set on the sides of the head"?
A) Provides a wide range of vision
B) Helps in detecting prey accurately
C) Facilitates communication with other cephalopods
D) Protects the eyes from potential threats

According to the text, what is the approximate size variation of octopuses?

A) 1 cm to 5 cm
B) 5 cm to 7 cm
C) 7 cm to 9 cm
D) 5 cm to 9 m

How do cephalopods capture their prey, as described in the text?

A) By secreting a paralyzing substance
B) By using their beak-like jaws
C) By emitting dark fluid from the ink sac
D) By moving in practically any direction using the siphon

Answer Key:

C) Forming commercially valuable pearls

B) The foot
C) To distract potential predators
C) Octopus
C) By cementing their left shell
A) Lack of a shell
B) Aiding in buoyancy
A) Provides a wide range of vision
D) 5 cm to 9 m
B) By using their beak-like jaws