Preparatory Test-23 Solutions

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PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |
Q.1)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The Mughal Empire controlled much of India between the 16th and 18th centuries, leaving a deep impact
on the Indian society.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Despite the popular Bhakti movement raising the banner of revolt against
discrimination, the deprived and disadvantaged classes, who were landless peasants, were subject to
forced labour. The caste system remained a dominant institution in the society. Castes at lower levels
were subject to much repression.
Statement 2 is correct: Under Mughal rule, both the Hindu women and Muslim women had only
limited right of inheritance. Though they had the right to inherit property, it was not equal to the share
of the male members of the family.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Under Mughal rule, Afghans, Indian Muslims (shaikhzadas), Rajputs and
Marathas also obtained the status of nobility. It is estimated that during the reign of Akbar over 15% of
the nobility consisted of Rajputs. However, most of the nobles came from Central Asia and Iran.
Statement 4 is incorrect: Mughal administration discouraged the practice of sati that was prevalent
among the higher castes. For instance, Emperor Humayun took a bold step against the practice of Sati
and tried to eradicate it. Akbar also endeavoured to prevent forceful “Sati” in his kingdom.
Source: Class XI: TN SCERT - The Mughals
Q.2)
Ans) a
Devapala (c. 810−850 CE) was the most powerful ruler of the Pala Empire. He was the third king in the line
and had succeeded his father Dharamapala. Devapala expanded the frontiers of the empire by conquering
present-day Assam and Orissa.
Statement 1 is correct: Vajradatta, a Buddhist scholar, was the court poet of Devapala. Vajradatta
authored the famous text Lokesvarasataka.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Abdur Razzaq was a Persian scholar who visited the Vijayanagara Kingdom at
the time of Dev Raya II (In 15th century).
Details about the Pala empire can be found in the works of Arab merchant Sulaiman. The Pala empire was
called “Ruhimi or Ruhma Dharma’’ by Sulaiman, who visited India in the middle of the 9th century. He
claims that the Pala emperor was at war with the Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas and had more troops than
his adversaries.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya
Q.3)
Ans) a
Option a is correct. Khalimpur Copper plate Inscription is an important inscription issued by
Dharmapala (770 – 810 AD), It is found at Khalimpur of Maldah district of West Bengal. It provides
information about the establishment of Pala kingdom. According to the Khalimpur copper plate
Inscription, Gopala, in order to rescue the people from matsya-nyaya (a period of anarchy), founded the
Pala dynasty when he was elected the king by notable men of the realm. He displaced the later Guptas of
Magadha and Khadga dynasty of eastern Bengal.
Option b is incorrect: The Pallavas ruled south-eastern India from the 3rd through the 9th centuries CE.
Their empire covered what is today the Tamil Nadu state.
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Page 2 of 22
Option c is incorrect: Vijayanagara kingdom was founded by Harihara, also known as Hakka, and his
brother Bukka Raya. It is named after its capital city (now ruined) of Vijayanagara, in modern Karnataka. It
lasted from about 1336 to mid-17th century.
Option d is incorrect: The Kakatiya dynasty ruled from Warangal (Telangana) from CE 1083-1323. They
were known for the construction of a network of tanks for irrigation and drinking water and thereby gave
a big boost to the overall development of the region.
Q.4)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Rajasekhara was a popular Sanskrit poet and playwright. He belonged to ninth-
tenth century. He was patronized by Prathihara king Mahendrapala (c. 885–910 CE).
Statement 2 is correct. Karpuramanjari is a famous play written by Rajashekhara in Sauraseni Prakrit
to please his wife, Avantisundari. He is perhaps the only ancient Indian poet to acknowledge a woman
for her contributions to his literary career.
Statement 3 is correct: Kavya Mimansa (around c.880−920 CE) is an important work of Rajashekhara. It is
considered a practical guide for poets that explains the elements and composition of a good poem.
Old NCERT - Medieval India by Satish Chandra
Q.5)
Ans) c
Exp) option c is the correct answer.
The Pala Dynasty ruled Bengal and Bihar for about four centuries from the middle of the 8th century AD.
Founded by Gopala, the rule of the dynasty underwent various ups and downs and lasted for eighteen
generations of kings.
Statement 1 is correct: Dharmapala (c.770−810 CE) founded the Vikramshila monastery near Bhagalpur
in Bihar. Like Nalanda university, it also attracted students from all parts of India and from Tibet. The
most celebrated name associated with the Vikramshila University was that of the Buddhist scholar
Dipankara (called Atisa).
Statement 2 is correct: Pala rulers contributed to the development of the Bengali language. The proto-
Bengali language developed under Pala rule. Bengali language’s first literary work, the Charyapada (which
is a collection of mystic Buddhist poems from the tantric tradition) belongs to their period. The writers of
Charyapada are called Mahasiddhas and they were from Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam.
Q.6)
Ans) a
Option a is correct. Dantivarman or Dantidurga (735 – 756) was the founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
He was a feudatory of Chalukyan King, Kirtivarman II. He is said to have conquered Kalinga, Kosala,
Kanchi, Srisril, Malava, Lata etc. and occupied Maharashtra by defeating Chalukya King Kirtivarma. He
also helped the Pallava King Nandivarmana to regain Kanchi from Chalukyas.
Option b is incorrect. Krishna I succeeded Dantidurga. He conquered the territories that were still under
the Chalukyas. He also occupied Konkan.
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Option c is incorrect. The greatest king of the Rashtrakuta dynasty was Amoghavarsha I, son of Govinda
III. Amoghavarsha I set up a new capital at Manyakheta (now Malkhed in Karnataka State) and Broach was
the port used during his reign.
Option d is incorrect. Nagabhata I was the founder of the Gurjara Pratiharas dynasty. He ruled the
Avanti (or Malava) region in present-day Madhya Pradesh, from his capital at Ujjain.
Source: McGraw Hill Publication, Ancient and Medieval History By Poonam Dalal Dhaiya, First Edition,
Chapter 9
Q.7)
Ans) b
Pair 1 is incorrect. Nad-gavundas were the revenue officers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Later, they were
addressed as Deshmukh and Deshpandes in Maharashtra.
Pair 2 is correct. Godhyanka was the coin used during Rashtrakutas period. The Rashtrakutas had a well-
developed coin system. Drama, Suvarna, Kalanju, and Kasu were the other types of coins used during that
time.
Pair 3 is correct. Sasthadhikrta was the tax collector. He was one of the important administrative posts
maintained by the Pala dynasty. Other administrative posts were Mahasandhi-vigrahika (Foreign
minister), Duta (Head Ambassador), Aggaraksa (Chief guard) etc.
Chapter 9
Q.8)
Ans) b
Assam was under the authority of the Palas but during late 8th century CE, Salama Dynasty was
established.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Harjaravarman was the local ruler of Assam who declared independence from
the Palas (not Senas) and established Salama dynasty around 800 CE.
Statement 2 is correct. The capital of Salama dynasty was Haruppeshvara. It was on the bank of river
Brahmputra also known as Lauhitya.
Source: McGraw Hill Publication, Ancient and Medieval History by Poonam Dalal Dahiya, First Edition,
Chapter 9
Q.9)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The Eastern Ganga dynasty was a royal dynasty that ruled Kalinga from the 5th century until the early
15th century. They were also known as the Rudhi Gangas or Prachya Gangas.
Statement 1 is correct. The Eastern Ganga rulers, originally hailed from southern India. They were
matrimonially related to the Chola empire and Eastern Chalukyas, naturally carried south Indian culture
to Odisha, which is very well reflected in their currency. This kingdom prospered through trade and
commerce and the wealth was mostly used in the construction of temples.
Statement 2 is correct. The Eastern Ganga dynasty is remembered as the builders of the Sun Temple at
Konark, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is also pertinent to note that the Kesaris, who used to
rule Orissa before the Gangas, built the Lingaraja temple at Bhubaneshwar.
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Eastern Gangas of the Orissa

Chapter 10
Q.10)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c the correct answer.
Chandella dynasty built the Khajuraho group of temples between 950 and 1050 AD. The Khajuraho
Group of Monuments is a collection of Hindu and Jain temples located in Madhya Pradesh.
Option 1 is correct. Vishvanath temple is believed to have been commissioned by the Chandella king,
Dhanga, and was probably completed in around 1000 AD. It is situated at Khajuraho.
Option 2 is incorrect. Ratha temple at Mahabalipuram was built during the reign of Pallavas rulers
during 7th and 8th Century in Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu.
Option 3 is correct The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple meaning “the Great God of the Cave”, is one of the
largest Hindu temples built during the reign of Vidyadhara, a Chandella King in Khajuraho.
Option 4 is correct. The Lakshmana temple of Khajuraho is dedicated to Vishnu, was built in 954 AD by
the Chandella king, Dhanga. It is a nagara temple placed on a high platform accessed by stairs.
Knowledge Base:
CHANDELA DYNASTY
Chapter 10
Page 5 of 22
Q.11)
Ans) a
Alha and Udal are one of the most prominent historical figures of India. Udal was a general in the army of
Chandel King Maharaj Parimard Deva (also known as Parmal or Parimal) of Mahoba. He was Alha's
younger brother. Udal was usually seen riding a horse, while Alha rode an elephant. Both are considered
to be among the greatest Mahoba warriors of all time. The battle of Mahoba was fought in 1182 CE
between Prithvi Raj III and Chandella king Parmadi Deva. The battle is known for the heroic resistance
by Udal and his brother Alha.
Q.12)
Ans) a
The Tomara dynasty ruled the Hariyana (Haryana) country with their capital at Dhillika (Delhi) and they
are believed to be a feudatory of the Pratiharas.
Option 1 is correct: The Tomaras were associated with the construction of the earliest surviving
waterworks in the Delhi area. Anangapala II was the founder of the citadel of Lal Kot in the Mehrauli area
and also built a tank known as the Anang Tal. Similarly, the famous Suraj Kund reservoir (near Faridabad,
Haryana) is said to have been commissioned by a Tomara king named Surajpala.
Option 2 is incorrect: The iron pillar at Mehrauli carries an 11th century inscription which refers to one of
the most famous kings of the Tomara dynasty. However, the Tomars did not install the Iron Pillar. The
Iron Pillar of Delhi is a structure 7.21 metres high that was constructed by Chandragupta II. The Pillar is
famous for its non-rusted state, despite being made of 99% iron, and having been constructed in the 5th
century CE.
Option 3 is incorrect: The Tomaras did not start any colleges for female education. They had a very short
rule in the Delhi Area. They often had conflicts with the Chahamanas of Shakambhari, and later, their rule
was followed by that of the Chahamanas.
Source: NCERT+ tamil nadu board+ poonam dalal dhaiya ch 19
Q.13)
Ans) b
The Paramara dynasty ruled Malwa and surrounding areas in west-central India between 9th and 14th
centuries.
Option 1 is incorrect. The Harsola copper plates inscription was published in 949 CE by the Paramara
king Siyaka II. According to this inscription, the early Paramara rulers were the feudatories of the
Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. And it says that Paramaras established their power in the 10th century CE.
Statement 2 is correct: Yukti Kalpataru is a famous treatise in Sanskrit principally on ship building. It was
written and compiled by king Bhoja (C 1000 – 1055 CE) of the Paramara dynasty.
Q.14)
Ans) c
Exp) option c is the correct answer.
Bhima I (c. 1022 – 1064 CE)
1) During his reign, Mahmud of Ghazni overran Gujarat and plundered Somnath in 1025 CE.
Page 6 of 22

2) He built the Sun temple of Modhera.
3) His wife Udaymati built the Rani-ki vav (Queen’s step well) in his memory, which is on the list of
UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites.
4) Out of the five famous Dilwara temples, one Vimal Vasahi temple was built by Vimal Shah, a minister
of Bhima I.
Option a is incorrect: Bhoja I / Mihir Bhoja (c.836−885 CE) is considered as the most successful and
popular ruler of Pratiharas. He is also identified with the king Juzr of the travel accounts of the 9th
century Arab merchant, Sulaiman. He was called King Baura by another Arab traveller, Al-Masudi.
Option b is incorrect: Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – 1142 CE) belongs to Solanki Rajput dynasty of
Gujarat. The Rudra Mahakala Temple at Siddhapur was built during his reign.
Option d is incorrect: Jayasimha Siddharaja was succeeded by Kumarapala (c. 1142−1171 CE). He
graciously patronised Jainism. He rebuilt the Somnath temple.
Q.15)
Ans) c
The Mehrauli Iron Pillar was originally located on a hill near the Beas River and was later transported to
Delhi. It has an 11th CE inscription which has reference about Tomar Dynasty.
Statement 1 is correct. According to the Mehrauli Inscription, Anangpal established Delhi. He had built
the city from ruins and many constructions were done under his supervision. Anang Tal Baoli and Lal Kot
were constructed during his time.
Statement 2 is correct. Anangapal was a contemporary of Prithviraj III. There is a similarity between the
coins of Shakambhari Chahamana king Someshvara and Prithviraj III. This indicates that Ananagapala
was the contemporary of Prithviraj III.
Statement 3 is correct. The coins of Tomar Dynasty feature horseman and bull figure.
Knowledge Base:
Tomar Dynasty and its Contemporaries
Chapter 10
Page 7 of 22
Q.16)
Ans) b
The Gahadavals of Kannauj ruled North India from the mid of 11th century till the mid of 13th century AD.
During the time of Govinchandra, this dynasty reached the peak of its power.
Statement 1 is correct. Govindchandra is considered to be the founder of Gahadaval dynasty. He
successfully occupied Delhi from Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas. He annexed it to his state of Kannauj.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Gahadavalas of Kannauj moved eastward to Bihar region by defeating Pala ruler
and made Banaras region (present day Varanasi) its second capital. Their main capital was Kannauj.
Statement 3 is correct. During the reign of Jaichandra of Gahadaval dynasty, Prithviraj Chauhan
annexed Delhi.
Knowledge Base:
Chapter 10
Q.17)
Ans) b
Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled the western part of the Indian subcontinent, including the Kabul Valley,
Gandhara and west Punjab, between late 9th CE-12th CE.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Kallar, (and not Anandpala) was the founder of Hindu Shahi dynasty. Kallar
was a Brahmana minister of King Lagaturman, overthrew the Shahiya king and laid the foundation of
Hindu Shahi dynasty. The Shahis were rulers of predominantly Buddhist and Hindu populations and were
thus patrons of numerous faiths.
Anandpala was a ruler from Hindu Shahi dynasty. He bravely fought against Mahmud of Ghazni and
gave strong resistance to him. For this reason, he was compared with King Porus by some historians.
Statement 2 is correct. Hindu Shahi dynasty was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni. Bheempala was
considered as last king of Hindu Sahi Dynasty when the kingdom was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni in
the beginning of the 12th CE.
Knowledge Base:
Page 8 of 22
Hindu Shahi Dynasty

Chapter 10
Q.18)
Ans) c
Mahmud of Ghazni, was founder of Ghaznavid dynasty, who is considered as the first independent ruler
of Ghazni. Mahmud Ghazni attacked India during the period of 1000-1027 CE.
Option 1 is correct. Al-Biruni was the scholar from central Asia. He was the writer of the book Kitab-ul-
Hind. In AD 1017, when Mahmud of Ghazni was the ruler, Alberuni, were taken to Ghazni, the capital of
the Ghaznavid dynasty.
Option 2 is correct. Firdausi was a Persian poet, who wrote one among the best national epics in world
literature. He was the writer of Shahnama. He was patronized by Mahmud of Ghazni.
Option 3 is correct. Utbi- the writer of ‘Kitab-ud-Yami’ was patronized by Mahmud of Ghazni. He
migrated from Persia to the Indian Subcontinent and established the Mughal court as one of the Islamic
world's cultural centers.
Option 4 is incorrect. Ibn-Batuta was the author of ’Rihla’. He was Qazi (Judge) in the court of
Mohammad Bin Tughlaq. During his 30 years of travelling exploration, he visited around 44 countries,
including India.
Chapter 10
Q.19)
Ans) b
Various types of taxes were collected during the reign of Delhi Sultanate.
Pair 1 is incorrect. Zakat was imposed as two and a half per cent tax on property of Muslims.
Pair 2 is incorrect. Khams was war Booty tax in which 1/5th was state’s share and 4/5th was given to
soldiers.
Pair 3 is correct. Kharaj was land tax equal to one-tenth of the produce of the land.
Pair 4 is correct. Jaziya was tax levied on the non-Muslim subjects, particularly the Hindus. Women and
children were, however, exempted from the taxes.
Chapter 11
Page 9 of 22
Q.20)
Ans) b
Amir Khusrau, also nick named as ‘Tut i Hind’ (parrot of India), is known for his literary contributions as
well as patriotism. He learned different forms of music such as Arabic, Persian and Indian music.
Statement 1 is correct: Amir Khusrau is known to have invented many of the ragas (melodies). He is also
credited for the invention of Qawwali by blending Hindu and Iranian style and Tarana. He was the first
writer to use Urdu as the medium of poetic expressions. He also wrote some Hindi verses.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Not Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq but Allauddin Khalji gave him the title of Tut-i-Hind
for his contribution towards music.
Statement 3 is correct: Amir Khusrau has written ‘Tughlaq Nama’, which deals with the rise of
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. Amir Khusrau’s Khazain-ul-Futuh speaks about Alauddin’s conquest.
Source: Ancient and Medieval India by Poonam Dalal Dahiya
Medieval India by Satish Chandra.
Q.21)
Ans) a
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was intellectual of reasoning, philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, calligraphy
and physical sciences. He had good knowledge of various languages such as Turkish, Sanskrit, Persian and
Arabic. The famous traveler Ibn Battuta visited the Delhi Sultanate during his reign.
Statement 1 is correct: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the only Delhi sultan who had received a
comprehensive literacy, religious, and philosophical education. He knew Arabic and Persian languages
and was an expert in philosophy, astronomy, logic, and mathematics. He was also a good calligrapher.
Statement 2 is incorrect: He set up a new department of Agriculture and not commerce, which is known
as Diwan-i-Kohi. He launched a scheme by which takkavi loans (loans for cultivation) were given to the
farmers to buy seed and to extend cultivation.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Mohammad Bin Tughlaq in 1327, shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad.
The reason behind the transfer was that Delhi was insecure on account of Mongol invasions and he
cannot maintain a large army. Daulatabad was more centrally located so he could control both North and
South.
Q.22)
Ans) c
In his private life, Aurangzeb was industrious, disciplined, was very simple in food, dressing, and did not
consume liquor at all. Aurangzeb was highly devoted to his religion and conducted prayers five times a
day, strictly observing the Ramzan fasting. In fact, he earned money for his personal expenses by copying
the Quran and selling those copies. Due to all these qualities, he was called Darvesh/ Zinda pir (a living
saint).
Source: Poonam Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India
Q.23)
Ans) c
Page 10 of 22

Alauddin Khalji was Jalaluddin’s ambitious nephew and son-in-law. He had helped his uncle in his
struggle for power and was appointed as Amir-i-Tuzuk (Master of Ceremonies). Then he was a successor
of Jalaluddin khalji.
Statement c is incorrect: The first sultan to start irrigation works was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and not
Alauddin Khalji. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq is credited with digging canals for the use of irrigation and
agriculture.
Statement a is correct: Alauddin Khalji introduced the system of Dagh (branding) and Chehra
(description) and cash payment to the soldiers in order to strengthen his control over the army. The
contingent stationed at Delhi was called hasham-i-qalb and Provincial contingents were called hasham-i-
atraf.
Statement b is correct: He was the first sultan of Delhi who ordered the measurement of land and fixed
the land revenue. His first revenue regulation (Zabita) related to the measurement of cultivable land was
Biswa. Biswa (1/20th of a bigha) was declared as the standard unit of measurement.
Statement d is correct: Alauddin established a huge permanent, standing army to satisfy his ambition of
conquest and to protect the country from Mongol invasion. He became the first sultan to have a large
permanent standing army.
Medieval India by Satish Chandra.
Q.24)
Ans) a
The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 CE) were the last ruling family of the Sultanate period and the first to be
headed by the Afghans. They were ruling over Sirhind when the Sayyids were in India.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Bahlol Lodhi in 1451, ascended to the throne of Delhi as the first Lodi ruler,
ending the Sayyid dynasty’s reign. Thus, Bahlol Lodhi and not Sikander Lodhi laid the foundation of Lodhi
dynasty.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Sikander Lodhi Introduced a new land measurement yardstick, the Gaz-i-
Sikandari, and a system of auditing of accounts. He was the greatest and noblest of the three Lodhi rulers
and a good administrator.
Statement 3 is correct: Babur marched against Delhi and defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodhi in the first
Battle of Panipat (c.1526 CE). The Afghan kingdom thus lasted for only seventy-five years.
With him, the Sultanate period ended.
Q.25)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Ghiyasuddin Balban was the fifth Sultan of Delhi. He ruled from 1266 to 1287 AD. He came from the Ilbari
Turkic dynasty, also called the Slave dynasty.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Balban did not establish the Chalisa. It was set up by Iltutmish. Balban
considered The Forty as the real threat to the monarchy. He introduced rigorous court discipline and
new customs such as sijdah in his presence and kissing the Sultan’s feet to prove his superiority over the
nobles. Balban broke the power of the Forty. He believed that the power of the Sultan was absolute and
that no one could challenge it.
Statement 2 is correct. He introduced the Persian festival of Nauroz to impress the nobles and people
with his wealth and power.
Page 11 of 22
Statement 3 is incorrect. The rule of Balban was extended from Afghanistan up to Bengal and did not
include Manipur. A Sanskrit Prashasti praised Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-87). It said he ruled
a big empire that went from Bengal (Gauda) (except Manipur and Assam) in the east to Ghazni in
Afghanistan in the west.
Statement 4 is correct. Balban created a special military department called the diwan-i-arz. This
department was led by Ariz-i-mumalik, who was responsible for hiring soldiers and managing the
military. Sultan, not Ariz-i-mumalik, held the highest authority as the commander-in-chief of the army.
Balban initially established this department, and later, Alauddin Khalji made further improvements to it.
Source: Tamil Nadu State Board Class 11th Ancient History Book Class 7 New NCERT
Q.26)
Ans) a
The Delhi Sultanate rule was significant in India as it resulted in far-reaching changes in the Indian
society, administration and cultural life.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Persian language was introduced in India during the period of Ghaznavi rule in
the Punjab in 11th century. Persian literature written in India before the establishment of the Delhi
sultanate adopted literary forms and imagery which were prevalent in Persia. It was after the
establishment of the Delhi Sultanate that Indian influence began to exert itself on Persian works. Amir
Khusrau created a new style of Persian which came to be known as sabaq-i Hindi or the Indian style.
Statement 2 is incorrect: During Delhi sultanate period, there was no quantitative decline in the
production of Sanskrit literary work. Sanskrit lost the patronage of the new Persian speaking ruling
class, but the Sultanate did not interfere with the independent creation of Sanskrit literary works. The
introduction of paper during the Sultanate period gave impetus to the literary activity of reproduction
and dissemination of already existing Sanskrit texts such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
Page 12 of 22
Statement 3 is correct: New musical instruments such as the sarangi and the rabab were introduced
during Delhi Sultanate period. Amir Khusrau also introduced many new ragas such as Ghora and Sanam.
He evolved a new style of light music known as qawwalis by blending the Hindu and Iranian systems.
Source: Poonam dalal Dahiya chapter 11
https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/73908/1/Unit-16.pdf
Q.27)
Ans) b
Iltutmish (around 1173 – 1236) was the third Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He used to be a general under
Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who started the Delhi Sultanate. When Aibak passed away in 1210, Iltutmish became
the Sultan. He ruled from 1211 to 1236.
Statement 1 is correct: Iltutmish moved the capital from Lahore to Delhi and became the first Delhi
sultan to make Delhi the center of the power.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Qutb-ud-din laid the foundation of Qutb Minar. It was named after the name
of a famous Sufi saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakthiyar. It was later completed by Iltutmish. This is a tower
rising to a height of about 70 metres and is one of the mast renowned monuments of India. Statement 3
is correct: Iltutmish brought Arabic coins into India, and a silver coin called the tanka, weighing 175
grams, became a common currency in medieval India. This silver tanka eventually became the basis for
the modern rupee.
Source: Tamil Nadu State Board Class 11th Ancient History Book
Q.28)
Ans) c
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388) was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty in Delhi. He was Muhammad
bin Tughlaq's cousin and took over after his death. He introduced two new coins named Adha and Bikh.
Adha was worth half of a coin called Jital, and Bikh was about 23% of a Jital. Hence, C is the correct
option.
Knowledge Base: Firoz Shah Tughlaq also developed royal factories called Karkhanas in which thousands
of slaves were employed and he increased the number of slaves by capturing the defeated soldiers and
young persons.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya Ancient and Medieval India
Q.29)
Ans) a
The Delhi Sultanate, which covered a significant portion of the Indian subcontinent, saw the rule of
several dynasties during its existence.
Dynasty Ruled Years
Slave Dynasty 1206-1290 84
Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320 30
Tughlaq Dynasty 1320-1414 94
Sayyid Dynasty 1414-1450 36
Page 13 of 22
Lodi dynasty 1451-1526 75

The Delhi Sultanate Dynasty ruling for the longest period overall is Tughlaq Dynasty (94 years). But in
the options given, Slave dynasty is the longest ruling dynasty among all the options.
Option a: The Slave dynasty (1206 to 1290) was also called Mamluk dynasty. Mamluk was the Quranic
term for slave. The Slave dynasty ruled Delhi from A.D. 1206 to 1290. In fact, three dynasties were
established during this period. They were:
1) Qutbi dynasty (1206-1211) founded by Qutbuddin Aibak.
2) First Ilbari dynasty (1211- 1266) founded by Iltutmish
3) Second Ilbari dynasty (1266-1290) founded by Balban.
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320)- The advent of the Khalji dynasty marked the zenith of Muslim
imperialism in India. The founder of the Khalji dynasty was Jalaluddin Khalji.
The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)-The founder of the Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Tughlaq were other rulers of this dynasty.
Sayyids (1414-1451)-Before departuring from India, Timur appointed Khizr Khan as governor of Multan.
He captured Delhi and founded the Sayyid dynasty in 1414.
Lodis (1451-1526)-The Lodis, who succeeded Sayyids, were Afghans. Bahlul Lodi was the first Afghan ruler
while his predecessors were all Turks. Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517) was the greatest of the three Lodi
sovereigns.
Source: Tamil Nadu State Board Class 11th Ancient History Book
Q.30)
Ans) c
Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire, which lasted for nearly three centuries beginning
from 1526 to 1857. The empire declined after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The empire formally ended in
1857 when power passed to the British crown after the great revolt of 1857.
Option 1 is correct: The last Lodi ruler Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat
(1526), which resulted in the establishment of the Mughal Dynasty in India.
Option 2 is correct: In the battle of Khanwa (1527), Babur fought against the forces of Rana Sanga and
his army in Khanwa, near Agra. In this battle, Babur defeated Rana Sanga’s forces with the strategic
positioning of his forces and effective use of artillery. Rana Sanga of Chittor was a ruler of Mewar and
had a strong influence over Rajasthan and Malwa regions.
Option 3 is correct: The Battle of Ghagra (1529) was the last battle Babar fought against the Afghans.
Sultan Ibrahim Lodi’s brother Mahmud Lodi and Sultan Nusrat Shah, son-in-law of Ibrahim Lodi,
conspired against Babur. In the battle that ensued along the banks of Ghagra, a tributary of Ganges,
Babur defeated the Afghans. But he died on his way from Agra to Lahore in 1530.
Option 4 is incorrect: The Battle of Kannauj took place at Kannauj in modern day Uttar Pradesh between
Sher Shah Suri and Humayun in 1540. Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah in this battle and Sher Shah
Suri became the ruler of northern India and established the Suri dynasty. After the battle, Humayun
sought refuge in the court of the Safavid ruler of Persia, Shah Tahmasp.
Source: Class XI TN SCERT - Chapter 14 The Mughal Empire
Q.31)
Ans) b
Page 14 of 22

The Battle of Haldighati took place on June 18, 1576, in the Haldighati mountain pass of Rajasthan.
Haldighati is a region in the Aravalli Mountain range, which links Rajsamand and Pali districts in
Rajasthan, the name for which is inspired by its yellow turmeric colored soil.
Statement 1 is correct: The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18 June 1576 between the armies of
Maharana Pratap, the Rana of Mewar, and the Mughal emperor Akbar’s forces, led by Man Singh I of
Amber. Despite the defeat of the Rana of Mewar, the battle became a symbol of Rajput velour and the
Rajputs' refusal to surrender to foreign rule.
Statement 2 is correct: The Mughal under Akbar wanted to control Mewar which would secure
communication and supply lines to Gujarat, then a vibrant economic powerhouse. Akbar tried to bring
Mewar under his control through diplomacy. However, Maharana Pratap's refusal to accept Mughal’s
suzerainty led to this war.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Buland Darwaza (Door of victory) was built in 1575 A.D. even before the Battle
of Haldighati. Buland Darwaza was constructed by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory
over Gujarat (not the battle of Haldighati). The Darwaza is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at
Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra. Hence the statement that Akbar built Buland Darwaza to
commemorate his victory over the battle of Haldighati is incorrect.
Source: Class XI Old NCERT – Medieval India (Chapter 13)
Class XI TN SCERT - Chapter 14 The Mughal Empire
Q.32)
Ans) a
The relations between the Mughal Empire and the Marathas were characterized by military conflicts to
ascertain their supremacy, especially in the deccan regions of India.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The conflict between Mughals and Maratha was not primarily focused on
control over the port regions of Gujarat. The conflicts between the two empires had broader territorial
and political dimensions, including control over the Deccan region and establishment of supremacy over
the Deccan region.
Statement 2 is correct: Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, engaged in military confrontations
with the Mughal Empire (especially during the reign of Aurangazeb) during the 17th century. These
confrontations contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb spent
a significant portion of revenues in fighting Marathas under Shivaji, this acted as one of the significant
reasons for the decline of the Mughal empire.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Third Battle of Panipat, 1761, resulted in a significant defeat for the
Marathas at the hands of Ahmad Shah Durrani (also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali). This battle weakened
the Maratha power and halted the Marathas’ advances in the north, and a destabilization of their
territories.
Source: Class XI TN SCERT - Chapter 15 Marthas
Class XII Old NCERT - Medieval India - Chapter 23
Q.33)
Ans) d
The Mughal Empire during the reign of Emperor Akbar had made vast territorial gains and hence Akbar
made numerous attempts to incorporate and understand the diversity of his empire. His political
motivations to create a sense of inclusion and his inquisitive nature prompted him to translate some
important Sanskrit works.
Page 15 of 22
Statement-I is incorrect: Razmnama (The Book of War) was one of the several literary gems patronized
by Akbar in the 1580s. The Razmnāma was a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata (not
Ramayana). The Mahabharata was translated into Persian at Akbar's orders, by Faizi and Abd al-Qadir
Bad'uni.
Statement-II is correct: It is true that Mughal emperor Akbar established Maktab Khana or the house of
translations in Fatehpur Sikri in 1574. The Khana was established to translate important Sanskrit texts
into Persians.
https://indianculture.gov.in/snippets/razmnama
Q.34)
Ans) b
Malik Ambar was brought as a slave from Ethiopia to India. Malik Ambar changed several hands
before landing at the hands of the Prime Minister of Ahmad Nagar named Chengiz Khan. After the death
of Chengiz khan, Malik Ambar was set free and eventually he became the Prime Minister of Ahmednagar
sultanate.
Statement 1 is correct: Malik Ambar (1548-1626), the Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, was a
contemporary of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605). In 1595, Mughal Emperor Akbar turned his
attention toward the Deccan region, embarking on a significant military campaign directed at
Ahmednagar. During this incursion, Malik Ambar emerged as a prominent figure, and also this campaign
marked the final military expedition of Akbar's reign before his demise.
Statement 2 is correct: Malik Ambar is credited with introducing innovative military tactics. He
developed a well-disciplined fighting force that effectively employed guerrilla warfare strategies. His
military tactics posed a significant challenge to the more conventional Mughal armies. Hence it is true
that he was widely known for unleashing guerrilla warfare on the Mughal army, which was later adopted
by Marathas.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Revenue farming is a system of revenue collection in which the task of
collecting revenue for a land would be accorded to the highest bidder.
Page 16 of 22
Malik Ambar's system did not provide scope for revenue farmers. He tried to establish direct contact
with the peasants, through the hereditary village officials. Malik Ambar was also credited with
establishing a more efficient land revenue model of the time which was used by the Marathas under
Shivaji.
Source: Old NCERT – Medieval India- Chapter 23
https://indianexpress.com/article/research/malik-ambar-aurangabad-mughals-jahangir-akbar-
shivaji-6397143/
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20248/1/Unit-18.pdf (pg no 26)
Q.35)
Ans) b
Akbar began his life as an orthodox Muslim but later he adopted an accommodative approach towards
other religions under the influence of Sufism. Akbar's desire to understand different faiths and his belief
in the importance of dialogue among religious scholars made him establish an Ibadat Khana.
Statement 1 is correct: The Ibadat Khana was established by Akbar in Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra, in 1575.
Its primary purpose was to serve as a place for religious gatherings, discussions, and debates among
scholars of various faiths, including Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and others.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The debates at the Ibadat Khana were discontinued because of religious
conflicts and tensions among the participants, not because of Akbar’s belief in the existence of one
God. Akbar's attempt to synthesize religions faced resistance from orthodox religious leaders.
Statement 3 is correct: Akbar's interactions at the Ibadat Khana was the main reason behind belief in the
existence of one God under different names. The exact word used by Akbar to illustrate this philosophy is
Din-i-Ilahi. It must be noted here that Din-i-Ilahi was not a new religion but an ethical code that
emphasized virtues such as honesty, religious tolerance, justice, compassion, and humility.
Source: Class XI - TN SCERT Chapter 13 The Mughals
Class XI Old NCERT – Medieval India (chapter 13 – pg no 159)
Q.36)
Ans) a
In the Mughal administrative system, various officers held important positions and were responsible for
different administrative tasks.
Pair 1 is incorrect: The Waqia-Navis (Official Chronicler) was responsible for recording and
documenting important events in the Mughal Empire. This included recording court proceedings, royal
decrees, administrative decisions, and significant historical events. Thus Waqia-Navis played a crucial
role in maintaining official records and producing historical chronicles for the Mughal court.
Pair 2 is correct: Darogai-i-Dak's duty was to pass on letters through the postal runners (mewras) to
the court. For this purpose, a number of dark chowkis were maintained throughout the Empire where
runners were stationed who carried the post to the next chowki. Hence Darogai-i-Dak’s was responsible
for managing and overseeing the imperial postal system in the Mughal Empire.
Pair 3 is incorrect: The Amalguzar’s primary role was to collect taxes and revenue from the local
population on behalf of the Mughal government. They played a key role in ensuring that the state
received its due share of revenue from agricultural and land-based sources.
Under the Mughal administration, Sarkars or districts were divided into several parganas or mahals and
each pargana had five principal officers. Among them Shiqdar (or Chaukidar) was the executive head and
Page 17 of 22
magistrate, responsible for law and order and criminal justice, working under the district faujdar. He
was to help Amalguzar in realizing revenue with force if necessary.
Pair 4 is incorrect: The governor of the ports was called Mutasaddi, who was directly appointed by the
emperor. Sometimes the office of the Mutasaddi was auctioned and given to the highest bidder. The
mutasaddi collected taxes on merchandise and maintained a customhouse. The shahbandar was his
subordinate who was mainly concerned with the customhouse.
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20236/1/Unit-14.pdf
Q.37)
Ans) a
Option a is correct: Muhtasibs were responsible for overseeing public morals and enforcing religious
and ethical standards within a community. They worked to prevent the practices which amounted to
violations of Islamic law and morality such as consumption of alcohol, gambling etc.
Furthermore, Muhtasibs inspected marketplaces to ensure fair trade practices, prevent fraud, and
check the accuracy of weights and measures used in commercial transactions.
Option b is incorrect: Faujadars’ primary duty was to take care of rebellions, and law and order
problems, to safeguard the life and property of the residents of the area under his jurisdiction. He was to
ensure safe passage to traders within his jurisdiction.
Option c is incorrect: The Mughal Empire had a large number of qilas (forts) in various parts of the
country. Each fort was under the officer called qiladar. Qiladar was incharge of the general
administration of forts and sometimes they were asked to perform the duties of the faujdar in that region.
Option d is incorrect: Mir saman (also known as khan saman) was the officer in charge of the royal
karkhanas. He was responsible for the purchase of all kinds of articles and their storage for the royal
household. Another important duty was to supervise the manufacture of different articles, be it weapons
of war or articles of luxury.
Q.38)
Ans) b
Option b is correct: Mughal emperor Babur introduced new warfare strategies called Tulughma and
Araba in India. Babur used these strategies to defeat Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat, 1526.
Tulughma meant dividing the whole army into various units, viz. the Left, the Right and the Centre. The
Page 18 of 22

Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions. With this strategy, a
small army could be used to surround the enemy from all sides.
In such an arrangement, the Centre Forward division was then provided with carts (Araba) which were
placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide rope. Behind them were placed
cannons protected and supported by mantelets which could be used to easily manoeuvre the cannons.
These two tactics made Babur’s artillery lethal.
Source: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/gess104.pdf
https://panipat.gov.in/first-battle/#:~:text=and%20the%20araba.-,Tulughma,-
meant%20dividing%20the
Q.39)
Ans) b
After defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun, Sher Shah established his own dynasty called Suri dynasty
in Northern India. Sher Shah’s reign (1540-1555) was marked by some of the important administrative
innovations, which was later adopted by Mughal emperor Akbar with some modifications.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Sher Shah’s was an autocrat and kept everything under his direct control and
supervision. His administration was marked by the characteristics of centralized despotism and his
government was highly centralized. Therefore, the statement that his administration was marked by the
efficient and independent functioning of local administration is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct: Sher Shah followed a ﬂexible revenue system. Land was surveyed and revenue
settled according to the fertility of the soil. For him, the welfare of the peasants was a prime concern.
He believed when the peasant is ruined, the king is ruined. Sher Shah took great care that the movements
of the army did not damage crops.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Sher Shah followed the practice of paying nobles in the form of land
grants called iqtas. However, his second son Prince Jalal Khan (also known as Islam Shah) took away the
iqtas of the nobles, brought the whole Empire under Khalisa (Crown’ land). It is Islam Shah (not Sher Shah)
who paid his noble in cash instead of iqtas.
Statement 4 is correct: It is true that Sher Shah made village headmen called muqaddam responsible
for the crime prevention in his area. He made them responsible for preventing any theft in their area
and catching criminals who indulge in crime. If the muqaddam of the village failed to capture the culprit,
he was given severe punishment.
Source: Class XI - TN SCERT Chapter 13 The Mughals
https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/77567/1/Unit-5.pdf
Q.40)
Ans) b
The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ruled from the 8th to the 10th century CE. At its zenith, their kingdom included
the modern state of Karnataka along with parts of the current Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat. The Rashtrakuta empire declined by the late 10th century
due to various reasons:
Statement 1 is correct. The Rashtrakutas engaged in an extended war of attrition with the almost equally
matched empires of the Pratiharas, Chalukyas, Pallavas, and Palas. This extended tussle between equally
competent powers resulted in the nearly simultaneous decline of the rival kingdoms.
Statement 2 is correct. The Rashtrakuta Empire was founded on a significant number of small and big
feudatories, and these feudatories took advantage to break away and establish smaller kingdoms. Local
Page 19 of 22

wars between these feudatories and their Rashtrakuta Kings were common because these feudatories
had a constant desire to be independent, which compromised the peace of the empire.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Frequent attacks by the Central Asian tribes called Hunas is one of the main
reasons for the decline of the Gupta empire (not Rashtrakuta empire).
Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/61922/1/Unit-10.pdf
Q.41)
Ans) c
Much of the history of Kashmir is deduced from the legendary and historical chronicle Rajatarangini
(which means ‘the river of kings’). It was probably written in 12th century CE in Sanskrit by a Kashmiri
Brahmana called Kalhana.
Option 1 is correct: In early 7th century, the Karkota dynasty rulers established their rule in Kashmir.
The dynasty marked the rise of Kashmir as a power in Central Asia and Northern India. The Karkota
dynasty (c. 625−855 CE) was founded by Durlabhvardhana during the lifetime of the Pushyabhuti king,
Harshavardhana. The Karkota emperors were primarily Hindu, who have been known for building
spectacular Hindu temples in their capital, Parihaspur.
Option 2 is correct: Yashaskara dynasty belogs to the kingdom of Kashmir. It was established after the
Utpala dynasty. It was ruled by Queen Didda (c.958 – 1003 CE).
Option 3 is incorrect: The Haryanka dynasty was the third ruling dynasty of Magadha, an empire of
ancient India, which succeeded the Pradyota dynasty and Barhadratha dynasty.
Option 4 is correct: From the 8th to 10th century CE, the Kashmir region was ruled over by the Hindu
Utpala dynasty. The kingdom was established by Avanti Varman, ending the rule of the Karkota dynasty
in 855 CE.
Source: NCERT+ tamil nadu board+ poonam dalal dhaiya ch 19
Q.42)
Ans) c
During the rule of Khaljis and Tughlaqs the doors of nobility were opened to people of diverse
backgrounds and it was no longer the preserve of the Turks only.
Option a and b is incorrect: Alauddin Khalji, to erode the power of the older Turkish nobility brought in
new groups such as the Mongols, Indians and Abyssinians into the noble class. They were not known as
New Musalman (muslims).
Option c is correct: The Mongols who converted to Islam were called as New Musalmans during the
Khalji dynasty. The Mongols were defeated by Jalaluddin Khalji near Balban’s frontier line of Tabarhind,
Sunam. The demoralised Mongols agreed to a truce and about 4000 Mongols were converted to Islam
and settled near Delhi.
Option d is incorrect: The Tajik were the non-Turkish free-born foreigners of high lineage, largely
Persians. They were not known as New Musalman (muslims).
Q.43)
Ans) d
Jalaluddin Akbar (1556-1605) was considered the greatest of all the Mughal emperors. He not only
expanded but also consolidated his empire, making it the largest, strongest and richest kingdom of his
Page 20 of 22

time. He was the third emperor of the Mughal Empire, after Babur and Humayun. Akbar is also known for
the extraordinary officials that were associated with his court. Nine in numbers, they are called Akbar’s
Navratna.
Option 1: Abul Fazl : Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, also known as Abul Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami,
was the grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, from his appointment in 1579 until his death in 1602.
He was the author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, and a Persian
translation of the Bible
Option 2: Raja Todar Mal: Raja Todar Mal was the Finance Minister of the Mughal empire during Emperor
Akbar's reign. He was also the Vakil-us-Sultanat and Joint Wazir. He was one of the premier nobles in the
Mughal Empire and was a Mansabdar of 4000. He was one of the Navaratnas in Akbar's court.
Option 3: Faqir Azio-Din: He was a mystic, purported to be one of the legendary Navaratnas of
Emperor Akbar's court. He is described as a mystic who gave religious advice to the Emperor on a wide
range of topics.
Option 4: Tansen: He was a close confidant of Raja Ramchandra Singh, and they used to make music
together. Tansen's reputation brought him to the attention of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, who sent
messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh, requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court.
Tansen initially refused to go, sought to retire instead into solitude, but Raja Ramchandra Singh,
encouraged him to gain wider audience, and sent him along with gifts to Akbar.
Source: Satish Chandra
Q.44)
Ans) a
Delhi Sultanate led to the evolution of a powerful and efficient administrative system. At its zenith, the
Delhi Sultanate controlled almost the entire country as far south as Madurai.
Pair 1 is correct: Mamluks are slave officers. Originally, a Mamluk was a slave soldier of slave origin who
gradually became a powerful military class in various Muslim societies.
The Mamluk dynasty was founded in India by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak who was slave general of Muhammad
Ghori. It was the first dynasty of Delhi Sultanate.
Pair 2 is incorrect: The term Masahat was used for the measurement of land during the sultanate
period.
Pair 3 is incorrect: Fawazil was an excess amount paid to the exchequer by the Iqtidars. Whereas the
treasurer of Delhi sultanate was referred as Khazin.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya, chapter 11
Q.45)
Ans) c
The rule by Sher Shah Suri lasted for only five years (c.1540–1545 CE). He organized a brilliant
administrative system which served as inspiration to not only the Mughal administration but to the
British too.
Statement 1 is correct: Sher Shah issued a coin of silver which was termed the Rupiya. This weighed 178
grains and was the precursor of the modern rupee. It remained largely unchanged till the early 20 th
Century. Together with the silver Rupiya were issued gold coins called the Mohur weighing 169 grains and
copper coins called Dam.
Statement 2 is correct: The military administration of Sher Shah was efficiently reorganized, and he
revived Alauddin’s Chehra and Dagh system.
Page 21 of 22
Statement 3 is correct: Sher Shah’s empire was divided into forty-seven sarkars. Chief Shiqdar (law and
order) and Chief Munsif (judge) were the two officers in charge of the administration in each sarkar. Each
sarkar was divided into several parganas. Shiqdar (military officer), Amin (land revenue), Fotedar
(treasurer) Karkuns (accountants) were in charge of the administration of each pargana. There were also
many administrative units called Iqtas.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya, chapter 13
Tamil Nadu board Book
Q.46)
Ans) a
In order to impress the people with the strength and awe of his government, Balban maintained a
magnificent court. He refused to laugh and joke in the court, and even gave up drinking liquor so that no
one may see him in a non-serious mood.
Statement 1 is correct: Sultan Balban introduced the ceremony of sijada (prostration) and paibos
(kissing of the monarch’s feet) in the court to exalt his position.
Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect: The khutba was the formal sermon following the congregational
prayer on Fridays wherein the name of the Sultan was mentioned as the head of the community. Coinage
was the ruler's prerogative and rulers name were inscribed on the coins (Sikka).
The practice of Sijada and Paibos is a kind of ceremony invented by Balban to raise his power and
prestige. Sijada means prostration and Paibos means kissing of the monarch’s feet.
Source:
https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_History_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson9.pdf
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/20184/1/Unit-16.pdf (pg no 7)
Q.47)
Ans) d
As the State under Delhi sultanate became more settled and efforts were made for greater centralization,
provincial administration also underwent a change.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Pargana comprised of a number of villages and was headed by the Amil. The
provinces under the Delhi Sultanate were called iqtas. They were initially under the control of the nobles.
But the governors of the provinces were called the Muqtis or Walis. They were to maintain law and order
and collect the land revenue.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The governors of the provinces were called the Muqtis or Walis. The
provinces were divided into shiqs, which were under the control of the shiqdar.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The agricultural produce of the entire sultanate was not uniform. As a result,
the taxation system and demand were different for different parts of the sultanate depending on the
yield of different areas.
Source: Poonam Dalal Dahiya chapter 11
Q.48)
Ans) c
Page 22 of 22
The Mansabdari system was an administrative system of the Mughal Empire that combined civil and
military functions of the empire. The system determined the rank and status of a government official
and military generals.
Statement 1 is correct: The Mansabdari System is a systematic and centralised system of administration
which contributed to the success of the empire and it was introduced by Akbar. The nobles, civil and
military officials combined into one single service with each officer receiving the title of Mansabdar.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Mansab was given to nobles from all communities. It was given to Mughals,
Pathans, Rajputs and Shaikhzadas (Indian Muslims). Akbar wanted to fight the problems of parochialism
and tribalism in his army by encouraging the intermixing of the different communities in his
administration and army.
Statement 3 is correct: Mansabdars were expected to maintain their army and administration of jagir,
out of their own personal revenue. The salary of a Mansabdar was fixed in cash but was paid by
assigning him a jagir. In addition to meeting his personal expenses, the mansabdar had to maintain out of
his salary a stipulated quota of horses, elephants, camels, mules and carts.
Source: Class XI old NCERT: Medieval India (pg no 148)
Q.49)
Ans) d
Aurangzeb (1658–1707) ascended the throne in 1658 and he ruled India for over 50 years. The Mughal
empire started disintegrating after the end of his reign.
Option a is incorrect: Polaj referred to one of the categories of land which was cultivated every year.
Option b is incorrect: Abwab is a tax levied on the lands over and above the original rent. Aurangzeb
had discontinued the practice of levying abwab.
Option c is incorrect: Navroz festival is the Persian festival celebrated. Aurangzeb abolished it, because
those nine days of festival was utilised by the Mughal nobility to prey upon the females of the lower
classes with impunity.
Option d is correct: Barni categorized laws into two kinds, the Shariat and the Zawabit. While the Shariat
meant the teachings and practices of the Prophet and of the Caliphs, the Zawabit were the state laws
formulated by the monarch in consultation with the nobility in the changed circumstances to cater to
the new requirements which the Shariat was unable to fulfil. But he cautioned simultaneously that the
lawmakers must take into account the practices of the past and contemporary socio-political conditions
while formulating the laws. The Zawabit, he said, must be in the spirit of the Shariat.
Old mediaeval India NCERT Class XI: (pg. no 213,214)
Q.50)
Ans) c
The Tripartite Struggle, also known as the Kannauj Triangle Wars, took place in the 8th and 9th centuries,
between the three great Indian dynasties, the Palas, the Pratiharas, and the Rashtrakutas, for control over
the Kannauj area of northern India. The Palas ruled India's eastern regions (Bengal region), while the
Pratiharas oversaw India's western regions (Avanti-Jalaor region) and the Deccan area of India was
dominated by the Rastrakutas. This war lasted for two centuries and was finally won by the Rajput
Pratihara emperor Nagabhata II, who established the city as the capital of the Pratihara state, which ruled
for nearly three centuries.
Source: A History of Medieval India by Satish Chandra

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PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

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Eastern Gangas of the Orissa

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Hindu Shahi Dynasty

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Slave Dynasty 1206-1290 84

Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320 30

Tughlaq Dynasty 1320-1414 94

Sayyid Dynasty 1414-1450 36

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Lodi dynasty 1451-1526 75

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PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

PTS 2024 | Preparatory Test 23 – Solutions (111135) |

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