Assignment

Name : Ahsan
Roll no. : 36
Subject : Pharmaceutics
Topic : Buffers

Buffers
Buffer are compound or mixtures of compounds that vy their presence in
the solution resist changes in pH when small amount of acid or base is added.

Types:
Acidic buffer Basic buffer

An acidic buffer is the combination of A basic buffer is the combination of

weak acid and its salt with strong weak base and its salt with strong
base. acid.
e.g. e.g.
CH3COOH / CH3COONa NH4OH / NH4CI

Buffer action:-
The resistance of a buffer solution to a change in pH is
known as buffer action.

Buffer capacity:-
The magnitude of the resistance of a buffer to pH changes is referred
as buffer capacity.
 = ∆A or ∆B / ∆pH
Applications:-

 Primary buffers are present in plasma (contain carbonic acid or carbonate

and acid )
 Secondary buffers are present in erythrocutes ( oxy-haemoglobin or
haemoglobin + acid )
 In parental preparations ( injections )
 In ophthalmic preparations
 In ointments and creams
 These are used as ingredients to adhest the pH of products.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equatiton

In 1908, Henderson wrote an equation that described the use od carbonic acid
as buffer solution. Hasselbalch re-worked that formula in logarithmic terms.
Thus came to be known as Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

For weak acids :-

For weak base :-