TERMS

EVOLUTION :
gradual change or development of something .

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION : change pool Descent modication

in a
gene
of a
population of

MACRO -
EVOLUTION : the descent
of different species from a common ancestor are
many generations .

MICRO -
EVOLUTION : evolution within species
 species
"
fixed" ""
^

unchanged
-

INTRODUCTION
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Stromatolites §
L ↳earliest
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d÷
organisms •

- humankind 's earliest direct ancestors

""

'
÷
1 Life
bilogical
evolution :3

/
gper
angel

of life
challenges
got single crogin

\
-

-
old
-
million
-

support and explains 1700 →

early 1800

foundation
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 and neck
short leg

Ñ"
ancestors

stretched necks to reach

"" ""
"
"" "" "" "
"

levels

-
acquired char
passed onto
OBSERVATIONS
W offspring
my evolutionary
species changes

⑥
new
EXAMPLE changed ①
-

living species dif ⑧ ;

-

OF
- can produce LAMARCKISM
phenotypic "" ""
acquire,§µaÑ domestication
breeding
-

and
changes selective
and animas
ns.uu.eainp.am, anonym
-
influencing
phenotype
-
does not alter
-

Cros -

breeding of plant species lead Erasmus Darwin

genotype of User new characters
appealing
g,
mm ay

-
not
passed to
ummm
,
✓ Ideas
life earth
ofspring - on

descended
from a common ancestor

Jean Baptiste
-

Lamrack -

species evolved over time

omg

÷.
-
philosophie Aware
20010
gigue
variation
Phenonm
of individuals
of same species
-

acquired changes passed

suggest of different species
-

distribution
on to offspring
-

puzzling
species
changed
-
immense diversity of organisms
U;

✓ HYPOTHESIS Realised
- use and disuse of body
parts
↳ FOUNDING FATHERS
when environment -
earth was old; allowed species time to evolve
changed ; organism
actively respond

inheritance
of acquired there been
great geological changes
-

-
characteristics has
-

physical C phenotypical) changes

noticed
n±

"" "
. . .. . . . .
.. ,
.

hem
organisms Sumatra →
- S year
New Guinea men
" " "" ° "" " "
% """""" " " "" "
"

cevoiutionansonanse )
- southern

" "" "" "" tom " " "+

Suggested ancestors
"
%
vs
- isolated I
wowed diff
species
-

similar climates
DARWIN
natural Selection

Alfred ÑiÑaHace
diversification
was
by
branching # ( mechanism
evolution)
causing

\ ynypy.mg,
common

# " "" how evolution take place

-

- individual best adapt to the

environment will leave the most
some
gxpyain
species - - adapted to

died the new local

conditions

competition and thus a

struggle existed between members
of the population
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
 !¥¥.is
or

t complexity
existence of
intermediate
soups
forms btw

diversity
Modification
Q••O• Descent with

simplest
oldest increase in
-

size
prokaryotes
-

µ,
py.gg.mn, p.gg, yay,
É→ modern
species
?
-

-
traced
complexity - similarities

Horses
diversification
rapid ; hw 0 ¥2m
complex
-

(
diversity of
huge °
"" "
" "
Mdt" "

+ macro
micro
significant

CAMBRIAN
EXPLOSION 0 evidence BASICS
paieontoioss

KAROO B
+
-

CLADOGENISIS

-
after adapting by branching
,
-

.
.

INTERMEDIATE
Forms BTW
ancestors
formed a
variety of
GROUPS modified descendants

Diversity

"ÑÑ Transition fossil

CLADOGRAM
Arena
-

family tree shows

groups
-

link btw relationships

missing evolutionary

¥§
-

given rise
to
i
groups
{J}
-

other evolutionary process

+

bodied ^^
organimareliheb
hard
#
-

sms
totems
conclusive
PROOF

only ten
BIASED
-
?⃝
 BIOGRAPHY
*
"" ""
" \
why

N vs nunn
species
descended
mainland
Biograph differently
-

after dispersal 11 adapt

#
-

of fossils related
closely
Realisation
-_

- same region
int different
-

region
-
similar :& :O
%%Éadi "
MAIL.IR?tsFhon-thiknmn
fossil ground -
different E3 ;
sloth -

Megatherium µ ✗
spell species
2- toed Meston
L
closer J
-

those ←
mainland
on

?
for
same
FROM BIOGRAPHY -

game
group
islands
oceanic
-

Wallace's
Line
Malay Archipelago
bisects
-

\ northwestern
I PAITERN
south-eastern CLOSELY RELATED
climate
similar SPECIES
despite
- each diff groups living organisms
species
-
deep seaways prevented migration of
from different
< arisen
by descent by modification
the 1mL
of
.

ancestors on each side

g. At

OLUTIONARY same
group
"
mammal
-

PAITERNS
""
"

differ
" DIFF COLLECTION
/slight I3 ; SIMILAR
muggy
L
( FLIGHTLESS
BIRDS

!¥÷w
→ sa ; Africa; Australia

organismsmodification
- descended by
from ancestors that were

in each particular place

?⃝
 GENETICS

idea
-
Hypothesis possible
observation
-

D. ARWINS FOUR OBSERVATIONS

1.) more
offspring are
produced than required

2.) natural variation ; no two individuals are alike

3.) a
change in the environment leads to differential reproduction /survival of the fittest
4.) characteristic traits were heritable

Natural Selection : for produced

process by which nature selects survival those individuals best suited environment conditions, -

offspring i

Natural Selection : "

"
"
"°M favourable offspring
offspring
em
competition trait
survive
die
hiylsr 's
.
pop
struggle trait
survival favourable
Lnew
species

Artificial selection