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Copyright © 2015 ,Tayyip Oral

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Printed in the United States of America

Geometry Formula Handbook

for High School Students.

Published by Creatspace: 04/20/2015

ISBN 13: 9781508865926

ISBN 10 : 1508865922
 Tayyip Oral

Geometry
Formula Handbook
for
High School Students
130 Examples & Explanation
Table of Contents

Introduction 5
Angles 6
Angles According to Their Measures 6
Vertical Angles 9
Angles in a Triangle 21
Comparing the Sides of the Triangle 29
Right Triangle 31
Isosceles Right Triangle 34
Perimeter of the Triangle 36
Median 40
Equilateral Triangle 41
Angle Bisector of a Triangle 43
Area of Triangles 44
Similarity of Triangles 47
Polygons 51
Regular Polygons 53
Square 55
Rectangle 59
Rhombus 64
Parallelogram 70
Symmetry 74
Trapezoid 76
Circle 80
Arc length 80
Disk 87
Method of Coordinates 90
Rectangular Prism 103
Square Prism 104
Cube 105
Volumes of Prisms 106
Volume and Area of Triangular Prism 107
Cylinder 109
Cone 112
Surface Area of a Right Pyramid 114
Area of a Right Square Pyramid 115
Slant Height of a Square Right Pyramid 116
Lateral Edge of a Right Square Pyramid 117
Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone 118
Volume of the Pyramid Steep 121
Volume of a Right Circular Cone 122
Volume of a Sphere 124
About the Author 125
 Geometry Formula Handbook

INTRODUCTION

This handbook was written for high school

students, and consists of the most common
geometry formulas. The book serves as an extra
homework helper; it is also a perfect tool for
teachers, and students who are studying for
major exams such as the SATs and ACTs.

In the book the formulas are listed in

chronological order. There are formulas for every
scenario, and each formula has an example of a
problem and its solution, for easier
understanding. This handbook is the only tool
you’ll need while studying, because it contains
everything required to grasp basic testing
content in a short amount of time. Anyone who
has fundamental knowledge of geometry will
benefit from this book. It is the best way to
prepare for exams without being overwhelmed
with too much information and confused by the
language of geometry.

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 Tayyip Oral

ANGLES

A B

A figure formed by two rays with a common end

point is called an angle. In the example above the
angle formed by the rays [AC and [AB is ABC. A
is the vertex of the angle in the figure the Vertex
letter is always written between letters marking
the rays.

Angles According To Their Measures

a)
α
A B

An angles whose measure is between 00 and 900

is an acute angle 00<α<900

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

b)

A B

An angles that measures 900 is a right angle

α=900

c)
α

A B

An angle whose measure is between 900 and 1800

is an obtuse angle 900<α<1800

d)
C A B

An angle that measures 1800 is a straight angle

α=1800

e) A

An angle that measures 3600 is a full angle.

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 Tayyip Oral

D
f)

A B

The angles that have a common vertex and one

common ray but no common interiors are called
adjacent angles ∠ CAD and ∠ DAB in the example
above are adjacent angles.

C
D

g)
α
α
A B

A ray that bisects an angle into two congruent

parts is called an angle bisector.
C
D

h)
m
n
A B

Two angles that have a sum is 900 are called

complementary angles ∠ m+ ∠ n=900

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

i)
n m
C A B

Two angles that have a sum of 1800 are called

supplementary angles ∠ m+ ∠ n=1800

Vertical Angles

Vertical angles are two non adjacent angles

formed by two intersecting angles.

a and d 
 vertical angles
b and c 

∠a = ∠d , ∠b = ∠c

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 Tayyip Oral

j) d 1 ||d 2

Angles formed by two lines cut by a transversal

are corresponding angles.

a and x 
c and z 
 Corresponding angles
b and y 
d and t 

* All corresponding angles are equal

∠a = ∠x , ∠c = ∠z , ∠b = ∠y , ∠d = ∠t

* Alternate interior angles

c and x 
 Alternate interior angles
d and y 

* Alternate exterior angles

a and z 

b and t  Alternate exterior angles
Alternate exterior angles are equal.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

k) x

∠ x= ∠ a+ ∠ b ∠ c+ ∠ d+ ∠ x=3600

The example above shows a case of more than

one transversal d1||d 2

∠ c+ ∠ d+ ∠ x=3600

l)

Here the example shows opposite successive

angles between two parallel lines d 1 ||d 2

∠ x+ ∠ y+ ∠ z= ∠ a+ ∠ b

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 1:

What is the angle measure of α?

Solution: 400+α+600=1800

α+1000=1800

α=1800-1000

α=800

Example 2: α=?

Solution: 1400+α+1500=3600
2900+α=3600
α=700

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 3:

d 1 ||d 2 , α=?

Solution: α=400+600=1000

Example 4: The difference of supplementary

angles equals 300. Find the smaller angle.

Solution:

x+y=1800 x-y=300

The sum of the supplementary angles equals

1800. x+y=1800.

The difference of supplementary angles equals 300.

x-y=300.

x + y = 180
x − y = 30
+ + x+y=180, y=75
2 x = 210
x = 105

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 5: One of the supplementary angles is

four times the other one. Find the angles.

Solution: The sum of the supplementary angles

equal 1800. One of the angles is x, the other one
is 4x.

∠ABD + ∠CBD = 180 0

x + 4 x = 180 0
5x = 180 0
x = 36 0

∠ABD = x = 36 0
∠CBD = 4x = 4 ⋅ 36 = 144 0

Example 6: One of the supplementary angles is

two times the other one. Find the angles.

Solution:

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

The sum of complementary angles is 900

∠ABD + ∠DBC = 90 0

x + 2x = 90 0
3x = 90 0
x = 30 0
∠ABD = x = 30 0
∠DBC = 2 x = 2 ⋅ 30 = 60 0

Example 7:

If d 1 ||d 2 then m=?

Solution:
m + 50 = 40 + 40
m = 300

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 8:

d 1 ||d 2 , α=?

Solution: ∠A = 80 0 , ∠D = α , ∠C = 50 0

Since d 1 ||d 2

∠A = ∠B = 80 0

The sum of the measures of the interior angles of

a triangle equals 1800

∠B = ∠D + ∠C = 80 = α + 50
Therefore
α = 30

Example 9:

d 1 ||d ,

α=?

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Solution:

Since d 1 ||d 2
n = 6α , m = 4α

m + n = 180 0
4α + 6α = 180 0 ,
10α = 180 0 , α = 18 0

Example 10: One of the supplementary angles

is three times the other one. Find the angles.

Solution:
The sum of the supplementary angles is 1800.

∠ABD + ∠DBC = 180 0

3x + x = 180 0

4 x = 180 0
x = 45 0

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 11: The ratio of supplementary angles

is 5:7. Find the angles.

Solution: The sum of the supplementary angles

is 1800. Let us denote the angles by A and B then
A 5 5k
= =
B 7 7k
∠A + ∠B = 180 0 , 5k + 7 k = 180 0

12 k = 180 0 , k = 15 0

A = 5k = 5 ⋅ 15 = 75 0
B = 7 k = 7 ⋅ 15 = 105 0

Example 12: One of the complementary angles

is three times the other one. Find the angles.

Solution:

The sum of the complementary angles is 90 0

∠CBD + ∠DBA = 90 0
x + 3x = 90 0
4 x = 90 0
x = 22 ,5 0
∠CBD = x = 22 ,5 0
∠DBA = 3 ⋅ x = 3 ⋅ 22 ,5 = 67 ,5 0

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 13: The ratio of complementary angles

is 2:3. Find the angles.

Solution:

The sum of complementary angles is 90 0

∠C BD + ∠ D B A = 90 0
2 x + 3x = 90 0
5x = 90 0
x = 18 0
∠C B D = 2 ⋅ x = 2 ⋅ 18 = 36 0
∠ D BA = 3x = 3 ⋅ 18 = 54 0

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 14:

If d 1 ||d 2 find x

Solution:

Since d 1 ||d 2, then

m=3x, n=6x, m+n=1800
3x+6x=1800, x=200

Example 15:

If d 1 ||d 2 ,find α

Solution:

α=500+600=1100

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

ANGLES IN A TRIANGLE

1)

The sum of the interior angles of a triangle

is 1800 .

2)

The sum of the exterior angles of a triangle

is 3600
∠ x+ ∠ y+ ∠ z=3600

3) The sum of two interior angles is equal to the

non adjacent exterior angles
∠ z= ∠ a+ ∠ c
∠ x= ∠ b+ ∠ c
∠ y= ∠ a+ ∠ b

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 Tayyip Oral

4) Isosceles triangle

|AB|=|AC| , if then ∠ B= ∠ C

5) Equilateral triangle

If AB=BC=AC=a
then ∠ A= ∠ B= ∠ C=600

6) Isosceles right triangle

If |AB|=|BC| and ∠ B=900

then ∠ A= ∠ C=450

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

7) Perimeter of triangle

Let P be the perimeter of triangle ABC

P=AB+AC+BC=a+b+c

Example 16:
In an isosceles triangle the base angle is 700. Find
the top vertex angle.

Solution:

|AB|=|AC|
∠ A+ ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
∠ A+700+700=1800
∠ A=400

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 17:
The interior angles of a triangle are in proportion
1:3:5. Find the smaller angle.

Solution:
Denote the angles by A, B, C. Then A:B:C=1:3:5
A B C
= = =k
1 3 5
A=k, B=3k, C=5k
∠ A+ ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
k+3k+5k=1800
9k=1800
k=200
A=k=200

Example 18:
The of two interior angles of a triangle are 600
and 700. Find the third angle.

Solution:
The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is
1800.
∠ A+ ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
600+700+ ∠ C=1800
∠ C=500

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 19:
The two exterior angles of a triangle are 1200
and 1400. Find the third exterior angle.

Solution: The sum of the exterior angles of a

triangle is 3600.
∠ x+ ∠ y+ ∠ z=3600
1200+1400+ ∠ z=3600
∠ z=1000

Example 20:

∠ A=500, ∠ ACD=1500, ∠ B=?

Solution: An exterior angle of a triangle is

equal to the sum of two non adjacent interior
angles.
∠ a+ ∠ b=1300
500+ ∠ b=1300
∠ b=800

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 21:

∠ A=4x ∠ B=3x ∠ ACD=1400 x=?

Solution: An exterior angle of a triangle is

equal to the sum of two non adjacent interior
angles.
∠ A + ∠ B= ∠ ACD
3x+4x=1400
7x=1400
x=200

Example 22:

|AB|=|AC| ∠ ABD=1400 ∠ A=?

Solution:
If ∠ ABD=1400 then ∠ ABC=400,
If AB=BC then
∠ B= ∠ C=400 ∠ A+ ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
∠ A+400+400=1800 A=100

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 23:

∠ A=α ∠ B=3x ∠ C=5x

∠ ACD=7x Then find ∠ A=α=?

Solution:
∠ A + ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
α+3x+5x=1800
α=1800 - 8x
∠ ACB+ ∠ ACD=1800
5x+7x=1800
12x=1800
x=150
α=1800 - 8x=180-8.15
α=600

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 24:
In an isosceles triangle the exterior angle adjacent
to the base angle is 1300. Find the top vertex
angle of the triangle.

Solution:

AB=AC ∠ B= ∠ C
If ∠ ACD=1300 then ∠ ACB=500
∠ A + ∠ B+ ∠ C=1800
∠ A+500+500=1800
∠ A=800

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Comparing the Sides of the Triangle

The side opposite to the greater angle is greater if

∠ A > ∠ B> ∠ C then a>b>c

Example 25:

AB=3, BC=5
What are the possible interior values of x=?

Solution: The sum of the lengths of two sides of

a triangle is greater than the length of the third
side and the difference is less than the length of
the third side.
5-3<x<5+3
2<x<8
x=3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Possible values of x are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 26:

If ∠ B is an obtuse angle then find the possible

integer values of x=AB=?

Solution: 8-4<x, 4<x

Since B is an obtuse angle
x2+42<82, x2<48, x<7
So: 4<x<7
x = 5; 6

Example 27:

AB = x, AC = 10, BC = 6
∠B is the greatest angle of the triangle. What are
the possible integer values of x?
Solution:
10-6<x<10+6, 4<x<16

Since ∠ B is the largest angle, the largest

side is 10. So x = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Right Triangle

AC is perpendicular to AB ∠ A=900

Pythagorean theorem if ∠ A=900 then
|BC|2=|AB|2+|AC|2 a2=c2+b2

Example 28:

AC= 6, AB= 5, BC= x =?

Solution:

Since ∠ A=900 by the Pythagorean

Theorem
x2=62+52
x2=61
x = 61

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 29:

∠ A=900
|BC|=17, |AB|=12, |AC|=x=?

Solution:
By the Pythagorean theorem
x2+122=172, x2+144=189

x2=145, x= 145

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 30:

∠ A=900
|AB= x + 4,
AC= x + 6,
BC= x + 8
Find perimeter of the triangle.

Solution:

|BC|2=|AB|2+|AC|2
(x+8)2=(x+6)2+(x+4)2
x2+16x+64=x2+12x+36=x2+8x+16
x2+16x+64=2x2+20x+52
x2+4x-12=0
(x+6).(x-2)=0
x=-6, x=2
The perimeter of the triangle is
AB+AC+BC=x+4+x+6+x+8=
=3x+18=3.2+18=24
P(ABC) = 24cm

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 Tayyip Oral

Isosceles Right Triangle

∠ A=900; AC= AB=a

BC = hypotenuse
BC = a 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 31: The hypotenuse of an isosceles right

triangle is 10 2 cm . Find the perimeter of the
triangle.

Solution:

a 2 + a 2 = (10 2 ) 2 2a2=100.2
a2=100 a=10cm
P(ABC) = AC + AB + BC = a + a + a 2 =
= 10 + 10 + 10 2 = 20 + 10 2cm

Example 32: Find the length of a side in an

isosceles right triangle if the length of the
hypotenuse is 8cm.
Solution:

a2+ a2=82, 2a2=64 , a2=32 , a = 4 2cm

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 Tayyip Oral

Perimeter of the Triangle

The perimeter of the triangle is the sum of three

sides
P(ABC)=|AB|+|AC|+|BC|

Example 33:

AB=8, AC=6, AD=6, BD=3, DC=5

Find the ratio of the perimeter of triangles
P(ABC):P(ACD)

p(ABC ) 8 + 6 + 8 22
= =
p(ACD ) 6 + 6 + 5 17
Solution:

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 34: The perimeter of the triangle is

60cm. Sides of the triangle are proportional to
numbers 2, 4, 6. Find the smallest side.

A B C
Solution: = = =K
2 4 6
A, B, C are the sides of the triangle
A+B+C=60
2k+4k+6k=60
12k=60
k=5
smallest side = A=2k=2.5=10cm

Rules: In a triangle with Angles (300-600-900)

the side opposite to the 300 angle is the half the
hypotenuse, the side opposite to the 600 angle is
3 times half the hypotenuse.

AC=hypotenuse=2x
AC 2 x
BC = = =x
2 2
AC 2x ⋅ 3
AB = ⋅ 3= AB = x 3
2 2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 35:

Example 36:

AB=9, BC=12, AC=3x, x=?

Solution:
(AB)2+|BC|2=|AC|2
92+122=(3x)2
81+144=9x2
3x=15
x=5

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 37:

AC=14cm, ∠B = 90 0

Find the perimeter of the triangle.

Solution:

AC 14
BC = = =7
2 2
AC 14
AB = ⋅ 3 = ⋅ 3 =7 3
2 2
p(ABC ) = AB + AC + BC = 14 + 7 + 7 3
p(ABC ) = 21 + 7 3

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 Tayyip Oral

Median

|BD|=|DC|, if AD is the median

if ∠ A=900 is BD=DC=AD

Example 38:

40
 Geometry Formula Handbook

Equilateral Triangle

ABC is an equilateral triangle AB=AC=BC=a

Perimeter = |AB|+|AC|+|BC|=a+a+a=3a
a2 3
Area = A ( ABC ) =
4
Altitude=h=3r
a 3
r= , ∠ A= ∠ B= ∠ C=600
6

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 39: The perimeter of the equilateral

triangle is 30cm. Find area and the altitude of the
triangle.

Solution:

p(ABC)=3a, 30=3a, a=10cm

The side length of the triangle is 10cm

a 3 10 3 5 3
h = 3r , r = = =
6 6 3
5 3
h = 3r = 3 ⋅ =5 3
3

a 2 3 10 2 3 100 3
S( ABC) = = = = 25 3 cm 2
4 4 4

Example 40: Find the area of the equilateral

triangle with side length 12cm.

Solution:

a 2 3 12 2 3 144 3
A ( ABC ) = = = = 36 3 cm 2
4 4 4

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Angle Bisector of a Triangle

|AD| is the angle bisector of the triangle ABC

AB AC
= , ∠ BAD = ∠DAC = α
BD DC

Example 41:

AB=10, BD=8, AC=12, DC=x

|AD|-angle bisector.

Solution:
AB AC 10 12
= ⇒ =
BD DC 8 x

x=9,6

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 Tayyip Oral

Areas of Triangles
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product
of the length and the length of corresponding
altitude.

AB=c, AC=b, BC=a

AD=ha, BE=hb, CF=hc
a ⋅ ha b ⋅ hb c ⋅ hc
A ( ABC) = = =
2 2 2

Example 42:

6⋅8 6⋅4
A ( ABC) = = 24 A ( ABC) = = 12
2 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

10 ⋅ 7 8⋅4
A ( ABC) = = 35 A ( ABC) = = 16
2 2

Rules:

A( ABE ) a ⋅ b
=
A(CED) d ⋅ c

The ratio of areas of triangles with equal sides is

equal to the ratio of the corresponding altitudes.
A( ABC) AD
=
A(FBC) FE

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 Tayyip Oral

α
Example 43:
α

A(ECD)
=?
A( ACB)
Solution:
A (ECD) 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ sin α 3
= =
A ( ACB) 8 ⋅ 5 ⋅ sin α 10

Example 44:

AD=h BD=10 DC=12

A(ABD) : A(DAC)=?

Solution:
A( ABD) BD ⋅ AD 10 5
= = =
A( DAC) AD ⋅ DC 12 6

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Similarity in Triangles

if AB = AE , AC = DF and ∠ A = ∠ D then
∆ ABC = ∆ DEF
* If |BC|=|EF|, ∠ B = ∠ E and ∠C = ∠ F then
∆ ABC = ∆ DEF

c b a h a v a n A R r P(ABC)
= = = = = = = = =k
f e d h d v b n d R , r , P(DEF)

A( ABC)
= k2
* A( DEF)

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 Tayyip Oral

DE // BC
AD AE AD AE DE
= , = =
BD EC AB AC BC

AB BC AC
= =
DE CD CE
If AB // DE then

Example 45:

If DE||BC, AD=BD, AE=EC and DC=8, then

BC=?

Solution:
AD AE DE
= =
AB AC BC

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

x 8 1 8
= = ⇒ y = 16cm
2x y 2 y

Example 46:

If DE||BC, AD=6and DE=x+2,

3B=2x+5 DE=4, then x=?

Solution:
AD DE
=
AB BC
6 4 1
= ⇒x=
6 + x + 2 2x + 5 4

Example 47:

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 Tayyip Oral

If AB||DC, AC=9, EC=2, BC=x, CD=3

Then x=?

Solution:
x 9
= ⇒ x = 6cm
2 3

Example 48:

∠ ADC=900
AB=5, BD=3, DC=2, x=?

Solution:
32+AD2=52, AD=4cm
AD2+22=x2
4 2 + 2 2 = x 2 ⇒ 20 = x 2 , x = 2 5

Example 49:

AD=DC=, AB=13, BD=5, AC=x=?

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Solution:
AD 2 + 5 2 = 13 2
AD2 + 25 = 169 ⇒ AD2 = 144
4

AD = 12
AD = DC = 12cm
AD + DC2 = x 2 ⇒ 122 + 122 = x 2

x = 12 2
POLYGONS

* If the polygon has n side

* The sum of the interior angles is :(n-2)180

* The sum of the exterior angles is 3600

n (n − 3 )
* The number of diagonal is : T =
2

* The Polygons with equal sides and equal

angles are called regular polygons

Example 50:
Find the sum of interior angles if the
number of sides of the polygons is 5.

Solution:
The sum of the interior
angles = (n − 2 )180 = (5 − 2 )180 = 540 0

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 51:
Find the number of diagonal if the number
of sides of the polygon is 6.

Solution:
n(n − 3) 6 ⋅ (6 − 3)
The number of diagonals = = = 9.
2 2

Example 52:
Find the sum of the interior angle if the
number of diagonals in polygon is 4 times
the number of sides

Solution:
Let us denote the number of sides byn
n(n − 3)
= 4 ⋅ n,
2
n(n - 3) = 8.n
n-3=8
n=11
The sum of the interior angles is
(n-2).180=(11-2).180=16200

Example 53:

52
 Geometry Formula Handbook

Find the number of sides if the sum of

interior angles is 5 times the sum of the
exterior angles

Solution:
The sum of the interior angles is (n-2).180
.The sum of exterior angles is 360
0

(n-2)180=5 . 360
n-2=10, n=12

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 Tayyip Oral

Regular Polygons

|AB|=|BC|=|CD|=|DE|=|EF|=|FA|=a

* Denote the angle measure of exterior angles

* Denote the angle measure of interior angles

* All the side have length a.

* The angle measure of an exterior angle of a

360
regular polygon with n sides is α =
n

* The angle measure of an interior angle of a

(n − 2 )180
regular polygon is B = , B = 180 − α
n

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 54:
Find the angle measure of an exterior
regular hexagon.

Solution:
n=6
The angle measure of an exterior angle =
360 360
= = = 60 0 , α = 60 0
n 6
The angle measure of interior angle=
(n − 2 ) ⋅ 180 (6 − 2 ) ⋅ 180
=B= = B = 120 0
n 6

Example 55:
What is the sum of the interior angles of a
polygon with an equal number of diagonals
and sides?

Solution:
n (n − 3 )
The number of diagonals =
2
The number of the sides=
n( n − 3)
= = n( n − 3) = 2 n ,
2
n=5 The sum of the interior angles is
(n − 2 )180 = (5 − 2 )180 = 540 0

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 Tayyip Oral

Square

∠ A= ∠ B= ∠ C= ∠ D=900
AB=BC=DC=DA=a
Perimeter=4a
Area=a2
Diagonal = a 2

* AC = BD = a 2

|AC| and |BD| are diagonals in AC ⊥ BD

the diagonals are perpendicular
| AC |2 | BD |2
A ( ABCD) = =
2 2
|AC| +|BD| =4a
2 2 2
*

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 56:
Find area of the square whose diagonal has
the length 8 2cm

Solution:

A( ABCD) =
AC
=
8 2
2
( )2

= 64 cm
2 2

Example 57:
Find the perimeter of the square with a
diagonal of 7 cm

Solution:

AC = BD = 7 cm

a2 + a2 = ( 7 )2 2a 2 = 7
7 14
a= =
2 2
14
Perimeter 4a = 4 ⋅ = 2 14
2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 58:
Find the area of a square with the perimeter
length 3cm

Solution:
3
Perimeter=4a=3, 4a=3, a =
4
2
3 9
A( ABCD) = a =   =
2

4 16

Example 59:
Find the area and perimeter of the square
with the side length 2x cm.

Solution:

Area of the square = a 2 = 2 x ( )2 = 2 2 x = 4 x

∗ Perimeter of the square
= 4a = 4 ⋅ a = 4 ⋅ 2 x = 2 2 ⋅ 2 x = 2 x+ 2

Example 60:
Find perimeter of a square with a diagonal
length 10 2cm

Solution:
The length of a diagonal = a 2
10 2 = a 2 , a = 10cm
Perimeter 4a = 4 ⋅ 10 = 40cm

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 61:
Find the area of a square with side of
( 5 + 2 6 )cm
Solution:

A(ABCD) = a 2 = ( 5+2 6 ) = 5+2

2
6 cm

Example 62:
ABCD is square with DE = 6cm.

Find the area A(ABCD)

Solution:
DE=DB/2=6, DB=12cm
Diagonal=BD=AC=12cm
| BD |2 | AC |2 12 2
A ( ABCD) = = = =
2 2 2
144
= = 72cm 2
2

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 Tayyip Oral

Rectangle

∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90 0

AB=DC=a, AD=BC=b

A ( ABCD) =| AB | ⋅ | BC |= a ⋅ b

Perimeter (ABCD)=2(a+b)

AK=KC=DK=KB

AC and BD are diagonal Diagonals of a rectangle

are equal.

AC = BD = a 2 + b 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 63:
Find perimeter, area and length of diagonal
if the sides of the rectangle are of length 6
and 8 cm

Solution:
Perimeter of the rectangle=
= 2(a + b ) = 2(6 + 8 ) = 28.
Diagonal of the rectangle=
= a 2 + b 2 = 6 2 + 8 2 = 100 = 10cm
A(ABCD)=a.b=6.8=48
Example 63 ; The Area of the rectangle IS
x and 5x. Find the perimeter if its area is
80cm 2

Solution:
a=x, b=5x A(ABCD)=a.b=x.5x=80
5x2=80 x2=16, x=4cm
Perimeter=2(a+b)=(x+5x)=12x=12.4=48

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 64: Find the perimeter and the area

of the rectangle with diagonal 13cm and a side of
5cm.

Solution:

AC=13, BC=a=5, AB=b

a 2 + b 2 = 13 2 ⇒ 5 2 + b 2 = 13 2 ⇒ b = 12 cm
Perimeter = 2(a + b ) = 2(12 + 5 ) = 34cm.

Area = a ⋅ b = 5 ⋅ 12 = 60 cm 2 .

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 65:
The perimeter of a rectangle is 140. The ratio of
the side Length is 3: 5 . Find the area and
diagonal of the rectangle.

Solution:

BC=3K, AB=7K
a b
= =K
3 7
Perimeter = 2(a + b ) = 2(3K + 2K )
140=20K k=7
A( ABCD) = a ⋅ b = 3k ⋅ 7 k = 21k 2 = 21 ⋅ 7 2 = 1029cm 2
a = 3k = 3 ⋅ 7 = 21, b = 7 k = 7 ⋅ 7 = 49cm

Diagonal = a 2 + b 2 = 212 + 49 2 = 2842

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 66:
a 1
The perimeter of a rectangle is 48cm. =
b 3
Find the area.

Solution:

a 1 k
= =
b 3 3k
Perimeter= 2(a+b)
48=2(k+3k) 48=8k k=6
A ( ABCD) = a ⋅ b = k ⋅ 3 = 3k 2 = 3 ⋅ 6 2 = 108cm 2

Example 67: One of the sides of a rectangle

with a perimeter of 50 cm is 5 cm more than the
other side. Find the area

Solution: Let the shorter side be x⋅ = a , and The

longer side be (X+5)=b
Perimeter = 2(a + b )
50=2(x+x+5) 25=2x+5, x=10
A( ABCD) = a ⋅ b = x ⋅ ( x = 5) = 10( 5 + 10) = 150cm 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Rhombus

1. All the features of the parallelogram can be

applied to the rhombus.
2. All the sides are equal.
3. Diagonals are bisectors.
4. Diagonals of the rhombus divide it into to
two isosceles triangles. a

5. h a =h b

6. S (ABCD) =a.h

7. P (ABCD) =4. a

8.

|AC| ⊥ |BD|, |AC|≠|BD| ∠ AOB=900

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 Tayyip Oral

9.

e⋅f
S( ABCD ) = |OA|=|OC| and |OB|=|OD|
2

10. S (ABCD) = a2sinα

11. e2+f2=4a2

e⋅f
12. h= h = 2r
2a

13. LMNK- is rectangle

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

14.

If in ABCD rhombus,
AB=BC=CD=AD=a, A=600, then
a2 3
BD=a and AC = a 3 S( ABCD) =
2

Example 68:
Find the area, perimeter and radius of an
enclosed circle, if the rhombus has diagonals of
10cm and 24 cm.

Solution:

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 69:
Find perimeter, area, altitude and radius of an
enclosed circle if the rhombus has diagonals of
16 cm and 30 cm.

Solution:

Example 70: The polygon with diagonals 12

and 16 cm.

e ⋅ f 12 ⋅ 16
Solution: A ( ABCD) = = = 96cm 2
2 2
• The area of a rhombus is equal to the product
of diagonals divided by 2.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 71:
Find the perimeter of a rhombus with
diagonals of 6 cm and 8 cm.

Solution:
e = 6, f = 8
a – side
e 2 + f 2 = 4a 2
6 2 + 8 2 = 4a 2
100 = 4a 2
a 2 = 25, a = 5
Perimeter: ( ABCD) = 4 ⋅ a = 4 ⋅ 5 = 20cm

Example 72:
One of the diagonals of a rhombus is 2 times
the other diagonal. Find the shorter
diagonal if the area of the rhombus is
100cm2.
Solution:
e⋅f
A( ABCD) =
2
e = x , f = 2x
e⋅f
A( ABCD) = = 100
2
x ⋅ 2x
= 100
2
x 2 = 100 , x = 10

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 73:
One of the diagonals of a rhombus is 3 times
the other diagonal. Find the sum of the
lengths of the diagonals if the area is
600cm2.

Solution:
e⋅f
A( ABCD) = = 100 e = x , f = 3x
2
e⋅f x ⋅ 3x
= 600 = 600
2 2
3x 2 = 1200 , x 2 = 400 , x = 20cm
The sum of the diagonals =
= e + f = x + 3x = 4 x = 4 ⋅ 20 = 80cm
Example 74:
The side of a rhombus if 8 2 cm. Find the
area is its smaller angle is 450.
Solution:

a = 8 2 DK = KA = h
If ∠A = 45 the AK=KD=h
(
h2 + h2 = 8 2 )
2
2h2=64 . 2, h=8
A( ABCD) = a ⋅ h = 8 2 ⋅ 8 = 64 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Parallelogram

AB = DC = a AD = BC = b

∠A = ∠C , ∠B = ∠D
∠A + ∠D = 180 0 ∠B + ∠C = 180 0
Perimeter = 2(a+b)

*
* A ( ABCD) = ah 2 = bh 2
* A ( ABCD) = a ⋅ h
* A ( ABCD) = a ⋅ b ⋅ sin A

*
AK=KC, DK=KB
∠CAB = ∠ACD = α
∠ADB = ∠DBC = σ

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 Tayyip Oral

* AC=diagonal=e
* BD=diagonal=f
e 2 + f 2 = 2(a 2 + b 2 )
* A( ABCD)
A(DKA ) = A(KCB) = A(KAB) = A(DKC) =
4

*
A ( ABCD)
A ( AEB) =
2

Example 75:
The base of a parallelogram is 12cm and the
corresponding height is 6cm. Find the area.

Solution:
A(ABCD)=a⋅h=12⋅6=72

Example 76:

DE is the – angle bisector

EB=4cm, BC=12cm.
Perimeter (ABCD)=?

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Solution:

BC=12=AD
Let ∠D = 2 n .
∠EDC = ∠DEA = n
If then
AB=AE=12cm
AB=12+4+16, BC=12
Perimeter=2(a+b)=2(16+12)=56cm

Example 77:
0 1
AD=12, AB=18, ∠A = 30 0 , (sin 30 ) = .
2
A(ABCD)=?

Solution:

A ( ABCD) = ab sin α = 12 ⋅ 18 ⋅ sin 30 0 =

1
= 12 ⋅ 18 ⋅ = 108
2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 78:

Parallelogram ABCD
∠A = 60 0 , ∠D = 4 x , x=?

Solution:
∠A + ∠D = 180 0
60 + 4 x = 180 0
4 x = 120 0 , x = 30 0

Example 79:

S(ABCD)=40cm, S(AEB)=?

Solution:
S( ABCD) 40
S( AEB) = = = 20cm 2
2 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Symmetry

 A(x 0 ; y 0 ) has a symmetric point A`(x 0 ; -y 0 )

respect OX axes
 A(x 0 ; y 0 ) has a symmetric point A`(-x 0 ; y 0 )
respect OY axes
 A(x 0 ; y 0 ) has a symmetric point A`(-x 0 ; -
y 0 ) respect (0; 0;) point

A(6; 8) has a symmetric point A`(-6; -8)

respect (0; 0;).
A(6; 8) has a symmetric point A`(-6; 8)
respect OY axes.

 A(x 0 ; y 0 ) has a symmetric point A`(y 0 ; x 0 )

respect y=x line

A(6; 8) has a symmetric point A`(8; 6)

respect y=x line.

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 Tayyip Oral

 A(x 0 ; y 0 ) has a symmetric point A`(-y 0 ; -x 0 )

respect y=-x line

A(9; 4) has a symmetric point A`(-4; -9)

respect y=-x line.
 A(x 1 ; y 1 ) has a symmetric point A`(2a-x 1 ;
2b-y 1 ) respect P(a; b) point.
A(3; 4) has a symmetric point A`(2.6-3;
2.9-4) ⇒ A`(9; 14) respect P(6; 9) point.
 A(x 1 ; y 1 ) has a symmetric point A`(2a-x 1 ;
y 1 ) respect x=a line.

A(8; 3) has a symmetric point A`(2.6-8; 3)=

A`(4; 3) respect x=6 line.
 A(x 1 ; y 1 ) has a symmetric point A`(x; 2a-y 1 )
respect y=a line

A(6; 3) has a symmetric point A`(6; 2.5-3)=

A`(6; 7) respect y=5 line.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Trapezoid

1. AB||DC

2.

AB + DC
EF = EF is the midline.
2

3.

( AB + DC) ⋅ h (a + c ) ⋅ h
A(ABCD) = =
2 2

4.

The midline is dividing diagonals with the

same length AK=KC.
DC c AB a
EK = = , KF = =
2 2 2 2

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 Tayyip Oral

5.

a−c
AK=KC, BL=LD, KL =
2

6.

1 1 1
AB||MN||DC, = +
x a c

7.

This is the right angle trapezoid.

∠A = ∠D = 90 0

8.

|AD|=|BC|=a, ∠A = ∠B

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 80:

EF is the midline. AB=12, DC=8 if EF=?

Solution:

AB + DC 12 + 8
EF = = = 10
2 2

Example 81:

AB=20, DC=12, DH=6, A(ABCD)=?

Solution:

( AB + DC ) ⋅ DH
A(ABCD) = =
2
(20 + 12) ⋅ 6 32 ⋅ 6
= = = 96cm 2
2 2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 82:

AB=40, DC=20, AD=BC=26cm, A(ABCD)=?

Solution:

40 − 20
AH = KB = = 10
2

CK = DH = 262 − 102
CK = DH = 24

(a + c ) ⋅ h
A(ABCD) = =
2
(40 + 20) ⋅ 24
= = 720cm 2
2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Circle

AB=2r=diameter, AO=OB=r –( radius)

Length of circumference = 2rπ
22
π≈ ≈ 3 ⋅ 14
7

Arc Length

α
AB = x = 2πr ⋅
360
α − angle measure of the angle in degrees.

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 Tayyip Oral

* Angle in a Circle

The central angle is equal to the measure

of the corresponding arc.


 AKB
* α = AKB , α =
2

 
AB + CD
* α=
2

 
AB − D C
* α=
2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

0
∠AOB = AB = α ∠ACB = β α + β = 180

Example 83:
Find the length of the circumference of a
circle with a diameter of 4cm.

Solution:
Diameter=2r, 4=2r, r=2cm.
P=2πr=2π.2=4π.

Example 84:
Find the radius of a circle with the
circumference 22π

Solution:
P=2πr 2 πr=22 π r=11cm.

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 85:
Find the angle measure of an arc with a
central angle of 600.
Solution:


α=600, ∠AOB = AB = α = 60 0

Example 86:
The central angle is equal to the angle
measure of the corresponding arc

α=?

Solution:

AKB = 80 0

AKB 80 0
α= = = 40 0
2 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 87:


AB = 80 0 DC = 100 0 α=?

Solution:

AB + DC 80 + 100
α= = = 90 0
2 2

Example 88:

 
AE = 120 0 BD = 40 0 ∠C = α = ?

Solution:

AE − BD 120 0 −40 0
α= = = 40 0
2 2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 89:

OA ⊥ AB , OC ⊥ BC ∠AOC = 130 0 ,
α = ∠ABC = ?
Solution:
∠AOC + ∠ABC = 180 0
130 + α = 180 0 α = 50 0

Example 90:

∠A = 4 x , C=5x, x = ?
Solution:
∠A + ∠C = 180
5x + 4 x = 180 0 9 x = 180 x = 20 0

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 91:
The radius of a circle is 8cm Find the length
of an arc corresponding to the central angle
of 1200
Solution:

r = 8cm
α = 120 0
 α 120 16 π
AKB = 2 πr ⋅ = 2π ⋅ 8 ⋅ AKB =
360 360 3

Example 92:

AB = 9 , BC = x DC = 9 AD = 7 x=?
A circle with the center o is inscribed into
the rectangle Find x=?
Solution:
DC + AB = AD + BC
13 + 9 = 7 + x x = 15

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 Tayyip Oral

Disk

The area of a disk = πr2, r = radius

* Area of a Sector

Radius = r

Central angle = α

S(AOB)=area of sector
2
α
S(AOB) = πr
360 0
Example 93:
Find the area of a disk with the diameter
6cm

Solution:
Diameter=2r=6, 2r=6, r=3cm, A=πr2=9π

Example 94:
Find the area of a disk with radius 2 3cm.

Solution:
( )
S = πr 2 = π 2 3 2 = 12 π cm 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 95:
Find diameter of a disk with an area of
144πcm2

Solution:
S=πr2=144π, r2=144, r=12cm
Diameter=2r=2.12=24cm

Example 96:
A disk with an area of πcm2.

Solution:
A= πr2, π=πr2, r2=1, r=1cm.

Example 97:

R=6cm, ∠AOB = 60 0
Find the area of the sector.

Solution:
Area of a disk sector is
2
α 2 60
0
36 π
S T = πr = π ⋅6 ⋅ 0
⇒ ST = = 6 πcm 2
360 360 6

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 98:
Find the area of a disk with the diameter
18cm

Solution:
Diameter=2r=18, 2r=18, r=9cm,
A=πr2=81π

Example 99:

∠AOB = 40 0
r=4cm,
Find the area of the disk sector.

Solution:
α 40
S T = πr 2 ⋅ ⋅ π4 2 ⋅
360 360

S=4π:3
S T = shaded region.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Method of Coordinates

 Distance between two points

The distance between the points A(x 1 ; y 1 ) and
B(x 2 ; y 2 ) is

|AB|2=(x 2 - x 1 )2 + (y 2 - y 1 )2
|AB|= (x 2 - x 1 )2 + (y 2 - y 1 )2

 Distance between two points in space

Let A(x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) be a given two
points. Then

| AB |= (x 1 − x 2 )2 + (y 1 − y 2 )2 + (z1 − z 2 )2
 
If u = (a; b; c) , then | u |= a 2 + b 2 + c 2

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 100.
Find the distance between points A(-1; 7)
and B(3; 4).

Solution:

AB = ( x 2 − x 1 )2 + ( y 2 − y 1 )2
AB = (3 − ( −1))2 + (4 − 7 )2 = 9 + 16 = 5
AB = 5sm

Example 101.

Find the length of the vector a( −3; 4; − 12).

Solution:

| a |= ( −3) 2 + 4 2 + ( −12) 2 =
= 9 + 16 = 144 = 169 = 13

 Midpoint of the line segment

If segment |AB| has the endpoints A(x 1 , y 1 ) and
B(x 2 , y 2 ) then the midpoint C(x 0 ; y 0 ) evaluates
as:

x1 + x2
x0 = ;
2
y + y2
y0 = 1
2
 x + x2 y + y2 
C( x 0 ; y 0 ) =  1 ; y0 = 1 
 2 2 

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

 Area and gravity center of the triangle

A(x 1 , y 1 ), B(x 2 , y 2 ) and C(x 3 , y 3 ) are the vertices
of the triangle ∆ABC, G is the gravity center and
D is midpoint of the side BC. .Therefore
 x + x3 y 2 + y 3 
D(x 0 ; y 0 ) =  2 ; 
 2 2 
 x + x2 + x3 y 1 + y 2 + y 3 
G =  1 ; 
 3 3 

S ABC =
1
[(x1 y 2 + x 2 y 3 + x 3 y 1 ) − (x1 y 3 + x 3 y 2 + x 2 y 1 )]
2

Example 102:
Find the area of the triangle, if it has the
vertices A(7; 2), B(1; 3) and C(4; 1).

Solution:

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 Tayyip Oral

 ABCD is a parallelogram. If P(x 0 ; y 0 ) is a

intersection of the diagonal |AC| and |BD|,
then

A(x 4 ; y 4 ), B(x 3 ; y 3 ), C(x 2 ; y 2 ), D(x 1 ; y 1 )

 The slope of the straight line that has two

known points:
A(x 1 ; y 1 ), B(x 2 ; y 2 )
y2 − y1
k= , k − is slope
x2 − x1

Example 103:
Find the slope of the straight line that
passes two points, A(2; 4) and B(-4; 8).

Solution:
y2 − y1 8−4 4 2
k= = = =−
x2 − x1 − 4 − 2 − 6 3

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

The slope of the straight line that is shown in

the graph .

 Equation of the straight line

1. The equation of the straight line that passes
origin y=kx, k=tgα, α – is a slope.
y0 − y1
k=
x0 − x1

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 104:
Sketch a graph of the straight line that has
the equation y=2x.
Solution:

If the slope is k=2>0, then

Example 105:
Sketch a graph of the straight line that has
the equation y=x.
Solution:

Where k=1, then

Example 106:
Sketch a graph of the linear line that given
equation with y=-x.
Solution:
Since the slope of the linear equation y=-x
is k=-1<0, then graph will be shown as

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

 The equation of the linear line that is

given one point and slope:
If A(x 0 ; y 0 ) is one point and k is the slope,
then

y-y 0 =k(x-x 0 )

Example 107:
The equation of the straight line w that
passes the point A(2; -3) and has a slope
k=2.
Solution:
A(2; -3) and k=2
y-y 0 =k(x-x 0 )
y-(-3)=2(x-2)
y=2x-7.
 Equation of the line that, passes two
points:
If A(x 0 ; y 0 ) and B(x 1 ; y 1 ) are two points of the
line, then:

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 Tayyip Oral

y − y1 x − x1 y0 − y1
= k = tgα =
y 0 − y 1 x0 − x1 x0 − x1

Example 108:
Write the equation of the line that passes
two points A(2; 3) and B(-2; 1).
Solution:
y − 1 x − ( −2)
= ⇒ 2y − x − 4 = 0
3 − 1 2 − ( −2)

 The equation of the line that , is given

intersection points with x and y axes:
If A(x 0 ; y 0 ) and B(x 1 ; y 1 ) are two points of the
line, then:

x y
+ =1
a b

x y
d1: + =1
3 4
4x+3y=12

x y
d2: + =1
−4 5
-5x+4y=20

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

 Special cases:

Equation of the d1 straight line: a1 x+b1 y+c1 =0,

If the Equation of d2 is: a2 x+b 2y+c 2 =0, then
d1 has a slope of k 1 , d2 has a slope of k 2.

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 Tayyip Oral

 Equation of the circle:

1. A circle with the radius r and center M(a; b)
has the following equation

(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2.

Example 109:
Write the equation of the circle that has a
radius 5cm and center of (4; 3).
Solution:
(x-4)2+(y-3)2=52
(x-4)2+(y-3)2=25

2. If the center of the circle is an origin, i.e.

M(0; 0), then its equation is:

x2+y2=r2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

For example:

x2+y2=16 x2+y2=36 x2+y2=5

3. If the center of the circle is on the y axes , i.e.

M(0; b); (b≠0), then

x2+(y - b)2=r2

4. If the center of the circle is setting an x axis

i.e. M(a; 0); (a≠0), then it has the equation

(x - a)2+y2=r2

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 Tayyip Oral

 General equation of the circle:

(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2
x2-2ax+a2+y2-2yb+b2=r2
x2+y2-2ax-2yb+a2+b2-r2=0
If we make the substitution -2a=A, -2b=B
and a2+y2-r2=C, then, x2+y2+Ax+By+C=0
If M(a; b) is the center of the circle, then
 A B
M(a; b ) =  − ; − 
 2 2
1
r= A 2 + B 2 − 4C
2

Example 110:
Find the center and the radius of the
circle that has the equation x2+y2-2x+4y-
4=0.

Solution:
 A B   ( −2) 4 
M − ; −  =  − ; −  = (1; − 2)
 2 2  2 2
M(1; -2)
A=-2, B=4, C=-4
1 1
r= A 2 + B 2 − 4C = (−2)2 + 4 2 + 4 ⋅ 4 =
2 2
1 1
= 4 + 16 + 16 = ⋅ 6 = 3cm
2 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 111:
Find the radius of the circle that has the
equation x2+y2-4y-12=0.

Solution:

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 Tayyip Oral

Rectangular Prism

a: shorter side
b: longer side
c: height
Area=2(ab+ac+bc)

Example 112:
Find the area of a rectangular prism, with a
shorter side of 6cm ,a longer side of 7 cm
and a height of 4cm.

Solution:
Area=2(ab+ac+bc)=2(6.7+6.4+7.4)=
2(42+24+28) A=188cm2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

1) Square Prism

a: length of side of the base square (base

edge)
h: height
A=a2+a2+ah+ah+ah+ah
A=2a2+4ah

Example 113:
Find the area of square prism with a base
edge of 6cm and a height of 4cm.

Solution:
A=2a2+4ah=2.62+4.6.4=72+96=168cm2

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 Tayyip Oral

2) Cube

a: length of an edge
Area=a2+a2+a2+a2+a2+a2
Area=6a2

Example 114:
Find the area of a cube with the length of
10cm.

Solution:
Area=6a2=6.102=600cm2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Volumes of Prisms

1)

Rectangular prism V=a.b.c

2)

Square prism
V=a . a . h
V=a2 . h
Cube

V=a3

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Volume and Area of Triangular Prism

The area of a triangular prism is the sum of the

areas of the base faces and lateral faces.
Area=2 . base face + lateral area
Volume = base face area x
x height.
* In a triangular prism the base faces are
triangles and the lateral faces are rectangles.
* The base face area consist of two triangles
and the lateral area consists of three
rectangles.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example: 115:

DE=12, FE=16, AD=18cm. Find all areas

and the volume of the triangular prism.

Solution:
We find AB using the Pythagorean Theorem
|DF|2+|FE|2=|DE|2
12 2 +16 2 = DE 2 ⇒ DE = 20
DE=AB=20cm.
* Lateral area: the product of the perimeter of
the base and height.

The base is a right triangle

Perimeter of the base=AC+BC+AB=
=12+16+20=48cm
* Height=AD=18cm.

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 Tayyip Oral

* Lateral area is the product of the perimeter

of base and height=48 . 18=864 cm
12 ⋅ 16
Base area=2 . Triangle area = 2 ⋅ = 192
2
Total area = Base area + lateral
area=192+864=1056cm2
Volume: Base area ⋅ height =
12 ⋅ 16
= ⋅ 18 = 12 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 9 = Volume = 1728cm 3
2

Cone

A solid obtained from a right triangle when it is

rotated around one of its legs by 360 0 is called a
cone.

PO=h, PB=a, OB=r

h: altitude (height)
a: slant height
r: radius of base
h2+r2=a2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 116:
Find the length of the slant height of the
right cone if the length of the base
circumference is r=6, h=8

Solution:

r=6, h=8, a=10

Circumference
C=2πr=2π6=12π

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Example 117:

|CO|=4cm, |BC|=5cm
Given a slant height of 5cm and an altitude
of 4cm find the perimeter of the lateral
surface of a right cone.

Solution:

CO=h=4, BO=r BC=a

In right triangle BOC
h2+r2=a2, 42+r2=52, r=3

The length of arc KL is equal to the the
length of circumference of the base.

KL = 2 πr = 2 π ⋅ 3 = 6 π
Perimeter of the lateral surface
(sector)=5+5+6π=10+6π

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Cylinder

* The area of the top is: πr2

* The area of the bottom is: πr2
* The area of the side is: 2πrh

1. A side =2πrh
2. A=2πrh+2πr2
2. Volume=V=πr2h

Example 118:

r=3cm, h=8cm, A side =? A whole =? Volume=?

Solution:
r=3cm, h=8cm,
A side =2πrh=2π.3.8=48πcm2
A whole =2πrh+2πr2=2π.3.8+2π.32=66π
Volume=πr2h=π.32.8=72π cm3

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 119:

V1
h 1 =12cm, h 2 =8cm, =?
V2
Solution:
V1 πr 2 h 1 12 3
= = =
V2 πr 2 h 2 8 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Surface Area of a Right Pyramid

The area of a pyramid is found by adding the

areas of the lateral faces and the base face.
* Surface area = base area + lateral face areas
* The surface area of the a above triangular
pyramid is the sum of the base area and
three areas of lateral faces

Example 120:
Find the total surface area if the base area
is 14cm2 and each of the lateral face areas
is 8cm2

Solution:
A pyramid is formed by a base face and three
lateral faces. The total surface area is
14+3.8=38cm2

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 Tayyip Oral

Area of a Right Square Pyramid

If we open the right square pyramid then we can

see that it is formed by a square and four equal
isosceles triangles.
The square of a right square pyramid is then
• Base area = a2
aha
• Lateral area = 4 ⋅
2
• Total surface area of a right square pyramid
is a2+2.a.ha

Example 121:
What is the base area of a square right
pyramid whose side length is 8cm.

Solution:
Since the base of the pyramid is a square its
area is a2=82=64cm2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Slant Height of a Square Right Pyramid

a
TH=h HL =
2
a
TL=ha BL = CL =
2
h=height ha = slant height
a
ha 2 =h 2 +  2 |TL|2=|TH|2+|HL|2
2
Example 122:
Find the slant height Of a square
pyramid with base side length 10cm and a
height of 12cm.

Solution:
AB = 10cm
BE = EC =5cm
TH = 12cm
HT–(solid) height = 12cm
Since H is the center of base, HE=5cm.
In right triangle the , by the Pythagorean
theorem
TE2=122+52, TE=13.

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 Tayyip Oral

Lateral Edge of a Right Square Pyramid

In a right square pyramid the triangles TAB and

TBC are equal isosceles triangles. Therefore
TK=TL=ha.

Using Pythagorean Theorem in right triangles

TAK and TLC we can find the lateral edge k. of
lateral edge of s right square pyramid whose base
side length is 12cm and height is 8 cm
Solution:

TH (solid) height is 8cm Since H is the center of

base |HE|=6 and BE = EC =6cm by the
Pythagorean theorem
|TE|2=|TH|2+|HE|2, |TE|2=82+62, TE=10cm.
Using the Pythagorean theorem in triangle TEC
we obtain
|TC|2=102+62, TC = 136.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone

If we open a cone along a slant height then the
obtained surface will be a circle sector and a disk
as the base

Base area=πr2
Lateral area= π . r . a
Surface area of cone=πr2+πra

Example 123:

TB = 20cm, TO = 16cm
Find the base and lateral areas of a cone
with a slant height of 20cm and a height of
16cm.

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 Tayyip Oral

Solution:
Using the Pythagorean Theorem in right
triangle TOB we obtain
|TB|2=|TO|2+|OB|2
202=162+|OB|2
OB=12cm=r
Base area = πr 2 = π ⋅ 12 2 = 144 ⋅ π
Lateral area = π ⋅ r ⋅ a = π ⋅ 12 ⋅ 20 = 240π
• The surface area of a sphere with radius r is
four times the area of its largest disk.

2
Area of a sphere = 4πr

Example 124:
Find area of a sphere with the largest disk
area of 25πcm 2 .

Solution:
The area of a sphere is four times the area
of its largest disk.
Area of the sphere=
= 4 πr 2 = 4 ⋅ 25π = 100πcm 2

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Example 125:
What is the area of a sphere with radius
6cm.

Solution:
The area of a sphere is
4 πr 2 = 4 ⋅ π ⋅6 2 = 144πcm 2

Example 126:
Find the area of the solid obtained by
revolving a disk with a radius of 16cm
around its diameter AB by angle 3600

Solution:
The surface a obtained from revolving a disk
a radius of 16cm around its diameter is a
sphere with a radius of 16cm.The area of
a sphere = 4 πr 2 = 4 ⋅ π ⋅ 16 2 = 4 ⋅ π ⋅ 256 = 1024

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 Tayyip Oral

Volume of the steep Pyramid

The volume of a right pyramid is equal to one

third the product of its base area and height.
Base Area x height
Volume =
3

Example 127:

Find the volume of a pyramid with an

equilateral triangular base if the side length
is 5cm, and the height is 8cm.

Solution: Volume of a pyramid=

Base Area ⋅ height a 2 3 5 32
= = =
3 4⋅h 4 ⋅ 8 50 3
= cm 3
3 3 3

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Volume of a Right Circular Cone

The volume of a cone is equal to one third the

product of the base area and its height.

TO = h = height
OB = r = radius
2
Volume = πr h
3

Example 128:

TO = ⋅6 , |OB|=8cm
Find the volume of the pyramid.

Solution:
πr 2 h π ⋅8 2 ⋅6
V= = = 128 π
3 3

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 Tayyip Oral

Example 129:

TB=6, OB=2, Volume =?

Solution:
TO=h
a=6, r=2, h=?
h2+r2=a2, h2+r2=62
h2=36-4, h = 4 2
πr 2 h π ⋅2 2 ⋅v 2 16 2 π
V= = =
3 3 3

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

Volume of a Sphere

The volume of a sphere with radius r:

4 3
Volume = πr
3

Example 130:
What is the volume of a sphere with radius
of 3 cm?

Solution:
4 3
r=3 , v = πr =36π
3

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 Tayyip Oral

About the Author

Tayyip Oral graduated from
Qafqaz University in Azerbaijan
in 1998 with a bachelor’s degree
in engineering, and he received
an MBA from the same university
in 2010. Tayyip is an educator
who has written several books
related to math and intelligence
questions. He has taught math and IQ classes at
Baku Araz Preparatory School for thirteen years.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Tayyip Oral, IQ Intelligence Questions for Middle

and High School Students.
Published by Authorhouse, USA, 2014

2. Tayyip Oral, Dr. Steve Warner, 555 Math IQ

Questions for Middle School Students USA, 2015

3. Tayyip Oral, Sevket Oral, 555 Math IQ Questions

for Elementary School Students, USA, 2015

4. Tayyip Oral, Steve Warner, Serife Turan, 555

geometry problems-for high school students.
2015

5. T. Oral, E. Seyidzade, Araz Publishing, Master’s

Degree Program Preparation (IQ), Cag Ogretim,
Araz Courses, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2010.
A master’s degree program preparation text
book for undergraduate students in Azerbaijan.

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 Geometry Formula Handbook

6. T. Oral, M. Aranli, F. Sadigov and N. Resullu,

Resullu Publishing, Baku, Azerbaijan - 2012
(3rd.edition)
A text book for job placement exam in Azerbaijan
for undergraduate and post undergraduate
students in Azerbaijan.

7. Tayyip Oral I.Hesenov, Algebra (Text book),

Nurlar Printing and Publishing, Baku, Azerbaijan,
2001.
A text book covering algebra concepts and
questions with detailed explanations at high
school level in Azerbaijan.

8. T. Oral, I. Hesenov, S. Maharramov, and J.

Mikaylov, Geometry (Text book), Nurlar Printing
and Publishing, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2002.
A text book for high school students to prepare
them for undergraduate education in Azerbaijan.

9. T. Oral, I. Hesenov, and S. Maharramov,

Geometry Formulas (Text Book), Araz courses,
Baku, Azerbaijan, 2003.
A text book for high school students’ university
exam preparation in Azerbaijan.

10 T. Oral, I. Hesenov, and S. Maharramov,

Algebra Formulas (Text Book), Araz courses,
Baku, Azerbaijan, 2000
A university exam preparation text book for high
school students.

127